Water resource management and utlization for phu quoc islands tourism

The project named “Water Resource Management and Utilization for Phu Quoc Island’s Tourism” is, therefore, a priority in the author’s choice in such a setting of Phu Quoc Island... The p

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION FOR PHU QUOC

ISLAND’S TOURISM

A Project Presented to the Faculty of

California State University, Fullerton

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Master of Science

in Environmental Studies

By Nguyen H Le Approved by:

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

ABSTRACT

Phu Quoc Island lies in southwest Viet Nam, 40 km offshore from Ha Tien, 2.6

km from Cambodia, 700 km from Malaysia, and 540 km from Thailand With such a strategic location, Vietnamese government has been aware of Phu Quoc Island’s role in the process of development and integration of Viet Nam in particular and Asia – Pacific Ocean in general into the world The strategy of Vietnamese government is that by 2020, Phu Quoc Island must become open economic zone, a new Singapore of Viet Nam The strategy has been a special concern for scientific researchers, foreign and domestic

investors, and business people Phu Quoc is located in the Gulf of Thailand and

surrounded with seas At present, the ecological environment of Phu Quoc Island is still deserted and thus Phu Quoc Island’s tourism starts to gain more attention Water resource for its tourism has been an exigent issue The project named “Water Resource

Management and Utilization for Phu Quoc Island’s Tourism” is, therefore, a priority in the author’s choice in such a setting of Phu Quoc Island

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ii

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES vii

LIST OF GRAPHS viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND SOME CONCEPTS RELATED TO WATER MANAGEMENT 1

Introduction 1

The rationale for the project 1

The objective of the project 2

Meaningfulness of the project 2

Framework of the project 2

Literature review 3

Approach theory and methodology 5

Basic Concepts About Environmental Management 5

Environmental management 5

Some fundamental issues in environmental management 6

Organizing environmental management 6

Scientific Foundation of Environmental Management 8

Philosophical foundation of relationship between human, society, and nature 8 Scientific and technological foundation of environmental management 8

Tools for Environmental Management 10

Concept about environmental management tool 10

Categorizing environmental management tool 10

2 NATURAL GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL ECONOMICS OF PHU QUOC ISLAND 13

Natural Geography of Phu Quoc Island 13

Geographical position/topography 13

River system and vegetation 15

Climate 15

Social Economics of Phu Quoc Island 16

Demographics 16

Economy 17

Transportation 19

3 CURRENT STATE OF MANAGEMENT AND USING WATER RESOURCE FOR TOURISM ON PHU QUOC ISLAND 21

Tourism on Phu Quoc Island 21

Tourists 21

Facilities for tourism 23

Tourism products 25

Water Quality of The Area 26

Local water demand 26

Water quality of the area 28

Some criteria for water standard 30

Water Capacity of The Island 34

Activities That Can Pollute Water Resource and Decrease Water Capacity 34

Fishery 34

Tourism 34

Seafood processing 36

Not treated waste water 36

Groundwater over-extraction 37

Cua Duong disposal site 37

4 CONCLUSION, SOME SOLUTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THIS ISSUE 39

Conclusion 39

Water capacity 39

Water quality 39

Other problems that affect water resource 40

Solutions and Suggestions 40

Policy tool 40

Technological tool 41

Economic tool 42

Supporting tool 42

Further Researches 43

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APPENDIX 44

1 Maps of boring locations 44

2 Hydro-geological map of Phu Quoc Island 46

3 Hydro-geological cross section CD line 48

4 Chemical characteristics of water 49

5 Vertical electrical sound (VES) measure results 51

6 Geological cross section of borings 63

REFERENCES 64

LIST OF TABLES

1 Population on Phu Quoc island 17

2 Productivity value of Phu Quoc 19

3 Number of tourists to Phu Quoc 1995-2005 22

4 Residency of visitors at Phu Quoc (1999-2004) 22

5 Number of hotels and motels at Phu Quoc 1995-2005 23

6 Number of wells at Phu Quoc 27

7 Chemical components of rainwater in 2005 28

8 Analyzing result of groundwater samples 29

9 Categories of water based on TDS 31

10 Categories of water based on pH 31

11 Categories of water based on hardness level 32

12 Water quality standard for drinking and eating 32

13 Safe drinking water standard for nitrogen compounds 33

14 Reasons of trash pollution 36

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LIST OF FIGURES

1 Location of Phu Quoc 13

2 Map of Phu Quoc Island 14

3 Distribution of hotels and resorts at Duong Dong 24

4 Trash at the port and oil leakage on the river 34

5 Trash at Da Ban Fall 35

6 Cua Duong disposal site 38

LIST OF GRAPHS

1 Rainfall on Phu Quoc Island from 2002-2005 16

2 Comparison amongst samples 30

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This project could not have been completed without Professor Jeff Kuo, who worked as my project advisor and guide me through the process Besides, Professor Nguyen Phat Minh of Department of Geology, University of Natural Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City is the person who help me to acquire the data for this project I want to thank them all

REFERENCES

Becken, S & Patterson, M (2006) Measuring National Carbon Dioxide Emissions from

Tourism as a Key Step Towards Achieving Sustainable Tourism Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(4), 323-338

Collier, A (1999) Principles of Tourism A New Zealand Perspective Auckland:

Addison Wesley Longman

Dang Mong Lan (2001) Environmental management tools Ha Noi: Science and

Technology Publishing House

Department of Geography (2007) Brief report on general view of residential conditions, tourism economic and environment at District of Phu Quoc HCMC: Department of

Geography, University of Social Sciences and Humanities

Department of Geography (2007) Orientation of strategies of sustainable development

of tourism in Phu Quoc Island to 2020 HCMC: Department of Geography, University of

Social Sciences and Humanities

Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam (2003) Annual report 2003

Dinh Hong Hai (2007) Kien Giang tourism HCM: Van Nghe Publishing House

Doan Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Huyen (2001) Management science textbook - part one Ha Noi: Science and Technology Publishing House

Le Huy Ba (2000) General Environmental Management HCMC: National University

Publishing House

Le Huy Ba, Lam Minh Triet (2000) Basic environmental ecology HCMC: National

University Publishing House

Le Trinh (1997) Observing and controlling water environment pollution Ha Noi:

Science and Technology Publishing House

Luu Duc Hai, Nguyen Ngoc Sinh (2000) Environmental management for sustainable development Ha Noi: National University Publishing House

National Coporation of General Construction Consultants (2005) General construction planning of Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province Ministry of Construction, Vietnam

Nguyen Duc Khien (2001) Environment and development Ha Noi: Science and

Technology Publishing House

Nguyen Khac Cuong (2000) Textbook of environment and environmental protection

Social Sciences and Humanities

Nguyen Van Anh, Ngo Minh Kiet, Tran Ngoc Thanh (2005) The prospect of water supply for Duong Dong Commune, Phu Quoc District, Kien Giang Province University

of Natural Sciences: Department of Geology

Phan Thanh Dinh (2002) Researching and promoting procedure for water environment management at District of Binh Chanh, Ho Chi Minh City HCMC: Department of

Geography, University of Social Sciences and Humanities

Tran Van Huan (1998) Potentials of Phu Quoc in the past and present Ha Noi: Thanh

Nien Publishing House

United Nation Development Programme – Project of Vietnamese government (2003)

The overall scheme on development for Phu Quoc Island’s tourism Ha Noi

Van Hoa Online <http://www.baovanhoa.com.vn/dulich/8069.vho>

Viet Nam National Administration of Tourism (2005) Summary of the scheme on development of Phu Quoc Island’s tourism Ha Noi

Vietnam Environmental Protection Agency (2005) Report on current situation of

national environment

APPENDIX 1 Maps of boring locations

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APPENDIX 2 Hydro-geological map of Phu Quoc Island

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xvii APPENDIX 3 Hydro-geological cross section CD line

APPENDIX 4

xix Chemical characteristics of water

xxi APPENDIX 5 Vertical electrical sound (VES) measure results

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APPENDIX 6 Geological cross section of borings

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION AND SOME CONCEPTS RELATED TO WATER

MANAGEMENT

Introduction The rationale for the project

Phu Quoc Island lies in southwest Viet Nam, 40 km offshore from Ha Tien, 2.6

km from Cambodia, 700 km from Malaysia, and 540 km from Thailand With such a strategic location, Vietnamese government has been aware of Phu Quoc Island’s role in the process of development and integration of Viet Nam in particular and Asia – Pacific Ocean in general into the world The strategy of Vietnamese government is that by 2020, Phu Quoc Island must become open economic zone, a new Singapore of Viet Nam The strategy has been a special concern for scientific researchers, foreign and domestic

investors, and business people Phu Quoc is located in the Gulf of Thailand and

surrounded with seas At present, the ecological environment of Phu Quoc Island is still deserted and thus Phu Quoc Island’s tourism starts to gain more attention Water resource for its tourism has been an exigent issue The project named “Water Resource

Management and Utilization for Phu Quoc Island’s Tourism” is, therefore, a priority in the author’s choice in such a setting of Phu Quoc Island

The objective of the project

Upon qualitative and quantitative data, the thesis will sketch out present status of water environment in Phu Quoc Island and simultaneously state out warnings and

recommendations on water resource management and utilization for tourism in particular

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and for socio-economic sectors in general in Phu Quoc Island in the process of

development and integration into modern world

Meaningfulness of the project

Water and water resource are survival issues of human beings The project researching water resource management and utilization for tourism, one of the most leading sectors in Phu Quoc Island, is of high practicality and scientific meaningfulness

Firstly, the project is a scientific research about special natural conditions and ecological environment of Phu Quoc Island in order to present evaluations of its terrain structure, which has produced the precious resource of fresh water for Phu Quoc Island Secondly, with environment administration-based arguments, the author will present shortcomings in water resource management in Phu Quoc Island and simultaneously recommend methods of managing and utilizing water resource appropriately and

scientifically Thirdly, the author will draw out scientific evidence and specific

recommendations in order that application to management and utilization will be

conducted by administrators, tourism companies and beneficiaries of the thesis

Framework of the project

Object of the research: Water environment in Phu Quoc Island

Spatial scope: Phu Quoc Island, Viet Nam

Chronological scope: from 2000 to 2007

Literature review

There have been several research works on water environment in Phu Quoc Island, Viet Nam Among them, some works with their authors are listed as follows:

Tran Van Huan (1998) Potentials of Phu Quoc in the past and present Ha Noi:

Thanh Nien Publishing House

This mainly studied about the potentials of Phu Quoc Island based on historical and cultural approaches When concerning about the potentials of Phu Quoc, the author said about the great quantity of fresh water environment on this island compared to that

of Singapore (there is not fresh water in Singapore; it is imported from Malaysia) The author did not mention about water environment as a scientific research

Viet Nam National Administration of Tourism (2005) Summary of the scheme on development of Phu Quoc Island’s tourism Ha Noi

This research mentioned mainly about the policies of development for Phu Quoc Island’s tourism till 2015, in which water resources are considered an advantage of the island However, it did concern about neither water reserves nor the methods of water resource management

United Nation Development Programme – Project of Vietnamese government

(2003) The overall scheme on development for Phu Quoc Island’s tourism Ha Noi

This project belongs to UNDP It is a highly-required research work conducted with accuracy but when it comes to water resource management and utilization for Phu Quoc Island’s tourism, the project described water resource as a potential; it did not refer

to the reserves and quality of water resources as well

Department of Geography (2007) Orientation of strategies of sustainable

development of tourism in Phu Quoc Island to 2020 Ho Chi Minh City: Department of

Geography, University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USSH)

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This is a painstaking scientific research work done by professors and doctors of Department of Geography, USSH This work analyzed SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of Phu Quoc Island’s tourism and simultaneously drew out strategies of sustainable development of Phu Quoc Island’s tourism, especially that of ecological environment However, it is conducted in the light of humanity-geography approach and water resource management and utilization for Phu Quoc Island’s tourism

in the future is referred in the research as an orientation

Dinh Hong Hai (2007) Kien Giang tourism HCM: Van Nghe Publishing House

This publication is used for tourists However, when talking about Phu Quoc, the author mentioned about water resource and considered them as a natural resource that is gifted to this island by the Nature

Nguyen Van Anh, Ngo Minh Kiet, and Tran Ngoc Thanh (2005) The prospect of water supply for Duong Dong Commune, Phu Quoc District, Kien Giang Province

University of Natural Sciences: Department of Geology

This is a research paper done by graduate students of Geology Department Its object is underground water and conditions of hydro-geology in such a restricted region

as Duong Dong Town

In conclusion, so far, there have not been any works studying sufficiently about water environment and water resource management and utilization in Phu Quoc Island, Viet Nam The thesis “Water resource utilization and management for Phu Quoc Island’s tourism” is a supplement; a positive contribution to the scientific research works that have studied about Phu Quoc Island