La nguyen tien quy tom tat anh

Based on the investigation of theoretical backgrounds and evaluation of current situation, the author proposed solutions for the freight wagon exchange between railway transport enterpri

UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS

NGUYEN TIEN QUY

FREIGHT WAGON EXCHANGE BETWEEN RAILWAY

TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

FIELD OF STUDY: ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT IN

TRANSPORT CODE: 984.01.03

PH.D THESIS SUMMARY

HA NOI - 2018

University of Transport and Communications

Supervisors:

1 Prof.Dr.Sc., Nguyen Huu Ha

2 Dr., Cao Minh Truong

Reviewer 1: Assoc.Prof.Ph.D., Vu Trong Tich

Reviewer 2: Dr., Nguyen Dang Minh

Reviewer 3: Dr., Nguyen Trong Khanh

The thesis is defended in front of Examination Committee at University

level in: The University of Transport and Communications

On the time: at… , date……/…… /2018

The thesis can be found at Library of University of Transport and

Communications

INTRODUCTION

1 Brief introduction of the thesis

In the thesis contents, the author has studied and solved these following problems:

- Investigated essences, advantages and contents of the freight wagon

exchange

- Investigated principles and conditions to implement the freight wagon exchange

- Investigated international experiences of the freight wagon exchange

- Analyzed and evaluated the freight wagon exchange in Vietnam’s Railway

- Determined the approaches to resolve the freight wagon exchange

Based on the investigation of theoretical backgrounds and evaluation of current situation, the author proposed solutions for the freight wagon exchange between railway transport enterprises, which are:

- Built up regulations for the freight wagon exchange

- Designed documents of the freight wagon exchange

- Set up apparatus for the freight wagon exchange and established wagon communication at communicative stations

- Built up information system for the freight wagon exchange

- Researched the freight wagon exchange methods

- Established mathematical models of choosing the optimal mode for the freight wagon exchange

- Built up software for choosing the optimal mode for the freight wagon

exchange

2 Reasons for choosing the research topic

According to the Development strategy for Vietnam’s railway transport up

to 2020, with a vision toward 2050 that had been regulated by the Prime Minister on

10th February 2015, Law on Railway number 35/2005/QH 11, and the Adjusted Law

of Railway No 06/2017/QH15 that had been issued by the National Assembly on 16th June 2017, which will take effect as of 1st July 2018, in order to socialize railway transport, the State Government has allowed diverse economic sectors to participate

in national railway network investments In other words, it may appear many railway transport enterprises (RTEs) in the future Each of those RTES will own a certain number of wagons; thus for the purpose of transport, RTEs must work together on the use of wagons The RTEs are linked together in the use of the common budget of wagons, based on the principle of common benefit On the other hand, in 2016, Hanoi and Saigon Railway Transport companies conducted shareholders meetings which led

to the establishments of Hanoi Railway Transport Joint Stock Company and Saigon Railway Transport Joint Stock Company, causing many forms of wagon exchange Enterprises have their own territories, own a number of wagons and independent accounting such as wagon exchange between the Vietnam Railways (VNR) with the Chinese Railways (CR) Enterprises with non-territory, private wagons, and independent accounting are doing the exchange as between Hanoi Railway Transport

Joint Stock Company, Saigon Railway Transport Joint Stock Company, and Railway Trading Joint Stock Company (Ratraco) In the future, there may be other forms of wagon exchange Meanwhile, theoretical foundation as well as the organization of wagon exchange on the railway has not been completed yet Therefore, the study of the exchange of wagons between RTEs is urgent, meeting the needs of practices

3 The research aims

On the basis of applying and inheriting the research results of the previous research related and the experiences gained of the freight wagon exchange in VNR and in the world The purpose of this thesis is to build a theoretical foundation, evaluate the current situation and organize the exchange of wagons between RTEs

4 The research subjects

The subjects of this thesis are problems that related to the freight wagon exchange between RTEs in Vietnam and worldwide

5 The research scope

Researched wagon exchange between RTEs with independent accounting situation

6 Scientific and practical significance of the research

*) Scientific significances:

- Systemized and enriched theoretical foundations of the freight wagon exchange

between railway transport enterprises;

- Built up principles and conditions of the freight wagon exchange between

RTEs;

- Built up regulations for the freight wagon exchange between RTEs;

- Designed documents for the freight wagon exchange

- Set up wagon exchange work at communicative stations

- Built up information system for wagon exchange

- Researched methods of the freight wagon exchange between RTEs

- Built up mathematical model to choose the optimal method for wagon

exchange

*) Practical significances:

- Researched wagon exchange experiences in Vietnam and in the world

- Analysed and evaluated current situation of the freight wagon exchange of VNR Based on that, solutions to solve wagon exchange problems between RTEs were proposed

- Designed software for determining the optimal method of the wagon exchange, which is to apply for the current VNR’s system

CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC 1.1 Literature review of international studies of the freight wagon exchange

Freight Wagon exchange has been studied since the 1920s of the 19th century Principles and rules of wagons exchange has simply been investigated in the beginning Throughout the practical development, the principles and rules of the wagon exchange have been increasingly improved and completed Nowadays, rules

of the wagon exchange have been not only improved in terms of principles and regulations but also studied under applying the advanced technologies These

examples have been indicated through studies of Krasemann and Johanna, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden, namely ‘Pros and cons of increased complexity in rescheduling strategies for railway traffic disturbances: A Swedish case’ The author Dalla Chiara, Politecnico di Torino, Italy: ‘Research the connection between European and Asia Railway’ The authors Athanasios Ballis, Loukas Dimitriou, National Technology of Athens, Greece: “Issues on railway wagon asset management using advanced information systems” Jeanette Carlstein “Research components of freight rail costs between Finland and Estonia” The author Pinard C.M.H, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands: “Institutional collaboration between French Railway Association (SNCF) and network managers (RFF)” The author Rickett Tristan, Illinois University- Urbana-Champaign – America: “ Intermodal train loading methods and their effect on intermodal terminal operation” The authors JinchuanZhang, HaoYang, YuguangWei, PanShang, Transportation Institute, Beijing Jiaotong University, China: “The empty wagons adjustment algorithm of Chinese heavy-haul railway”

1.2 Literature review of domestic studies of the freight wagon exchange

The Development strategy for Vietnam’s railway transport up to 2020, with a vision toward 2050 that had been regulated by the Prime Minister on 10th February

2015, Law on Railway number 35/2005/QH 11, and the Adjusted on Railway Law number 06/2017/QH15 that had been issued by the National Assembly on 16th June

2017, which will take effect as of 1st July 2018, have allowed diversely economic sectors to participate in investing in the infrastructure development, transport vehicles, railway business Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the freight wagon exchange Based on the international studies on the wagon exchange, domestic studies in VNR was presented by documents and regulations, textbooks Train operation written by Dr Nguyen Duc Truy, Nguyen Thuy Anh, Dr Nguyen Van Thai, scientific research, papers, dissertations, including study of Tang Van Dung “Proposing solutions for the development of international freight transport

on Vietnam Railways’ The author Pham Cong Trinh “Solutions to complete wagon management and the investment in wagon of stakeholders on Vietnam Railway within the integration period’ Studies of Nguyen Huu Ha “Solution for wagon distribution problem between independent accounting railway enterprises”, “Solution for wagon distribution problem between independent accounting railway enterprises

in the case of using fixed train timetable” These above studies are valuable experiences which encourage the author to continue the study on the completion of the freight wagon exchange between RTEs

1.3 Research gaps that the thesis will fulfil

1.3.1 International research gaps

Those international studies have formed a theoretical system for the exchange of freight wagons between RTEs and developed mathematical models to optimize the work of emptying carriages, improving the efficiency of using carriages and benefiting the DNBs Also, analyses of the role of freight wagons exchange within the liberalization of railway transport The literature has also emphasized solutions in terms of engineering and technology These experiences provide

orientations for solutions to the issue of the freight wagons exchange between RTEs

in Vietnam However, those results are not appropriate when applied for the case of Vietnam

1.3.2 Domestic research gaps

Previous studies have established a theoretical foundations for the exchange

of wagons between independent accounting organizations in accordance with the model of the Vietnam Railway Union and the model of Vietnam Railway These theoretical bases are valuable materials for the author to continue to complete those theories, particularly in the present when RTEs have been equitized and many other RTEs will involve in the future The method of solving the problem of assignment of wagons between independent accounting railway organizations in case of using and not using the fixed train timetable is no longer appropriate The inputs as well as the objective function of the problem have been changed It is in needs of rebuilt and finalized the approach for resolving the problem Alternatives of the freight wagon exchange as well as the mathematical models for determining the optimal vehicle exchange scheme between RTEs have not been studied yet Also, the application of advanced technology in the exchange of wagons has not been considered Textbooks and lectures on the exchange of wagons in universities have not been formulated and completed and should be supplemented conforming to the practices

1.3.3 Determine objectives that need to be carried out in the thesis

To achieve the aims of the thesis, the author designed main objectives that need to be fulfilled:

- Firstly, systemized and enriched theoretical foundations of the wagon exchange between railway transport enterprises;

- Secondly, built up regulations and designed documents system for

communicative wagon exchange

- Thirdly, set up wagon exchange and organized communicative wagon

exchange at communicative stations

- Fourthly, built up information system serving the freight wagon exchange

- Fifthly, researched wagon exchange methods between RTEs

- Finally, built up mathematical model and software that can apply for choosing

the optimal method for the freight wagon exchange

1.4 Research methodology

The thesis has employed various research methods including statistics, quatitative analyses, comparative analyses, compiling, modeling, optimizing, systematizing, expert consultation, seminars, economic scenarios, theory about logical analysis, etc., in order to compile experiences and evaluate the current situation of the wagon exchange between RTEs in Vietnam

1.5 Structure of the thesis

The thesis is structured into four chapters:

Chapter 1: Literature review of the research topic

Chapter 2: Theoretical foundation and practice of the freight wagon exchange between RTEs

Chapter 3: The current situation of the freight wagon exchange in Vietnam’s Railways

Chapter 4: Solutions for organizing the wagon exchange between RTEs in Vietnam

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATOIN AND PRACTICE OF THE FREIGHT WAGON EXCHANGE BETWEEN VIETNAM’S RAILWAY

TRANPSORT ENTERPRISES 2.1 Strategy and Master plan for developing the Vietnam’s railway transport

To orient the development of transportation sector generally and railway transport sector in particular, The Prime Minister has issued the Adjusted to development strategy for Vietnam’s transportation sector through 2020, with a vision toward 2030 Based on the development strategy for transportation sector, The Prime Minister has signed the Decision number 214/QĐ – TTg in relation to the Adjusted to the development strategy for Vietnam’s railway transport up to 2020, with a vision toward 2050 To provide details for the development strategy of railway transport sector, The Prime Minister has signed the Decision 1468/QD – TTg in relation to The Adjusted on Master plan for Vietnam’s railway transport through 2020, with a vision toward 2030 Accordingly, the development strategy and master plan for transportation sector generally and railway transport sector in particular has determined the future appearances of many economic sectors which invest in the railway development It means that various enterprises will participate in railway business

2.2 Freight wagon classification and economic efficiency of increasing wagon exploitation indexes on the railway transport

2.2.1 Freight wagon classification on the railway transport

- Regarding to the perspective of wagon function, wagons are divided into different

types: covered wagon (GG), high-sided open wagon (HH), low-sided open wagon (NN), flat wagon (MM), depressed center flat car (MVT), tank wagon (P), fish sauce wagon (Pm), refrigerated wagon, specialized wagon

- Regarding to the perspective of technical specialization of wagon: number of axis, materials, load, and weight index

- Regarding to the perspective of location of usage: conventional wagon and wagon

of industrial zone

2.2.2 Economic efficiency of increasing wagon exploitation indexes

There are different indexes of wagon exploitation, however, this thesis just evaluated the economic efficiency in case of the increase in two groups of indexes that reflect load of wagon and the time

2.3 Definition, essence and significance of the freight wagon exchange

Independent accounting RTEs link together in the use of the general freight wagons scheme, based on the principle that all members are beneficial Based on the regulations on the transfer of wagon between frontiers, the return of wagons, the technical conditions of wagons permitted to be put into use, the conditions of wagon use, maintenance and repair of wagons, the payment of used wagons, known as the

exchange of wagons between RTEs The essence of freight wagon exchange between RTEs is the most efficient use of the common freight wagons

2.4 Benefits of the freight wagon exchange

2.4.1 Benefits for the State Government

Assisting the State Government in facilitating the establishment of transport development planning generally and railway transport sector in particular Conditions for the State Government to orient and invest in synchronizing and modernizing material and technical foundations for the entire railway system will be created The process of railway transport is more reasonable Contribute to increase labor productivity, improve service quality of the railway transport industry in particular and the transport industry generally to satisfy the increasing demand for transportation of goods in the society

2.4.2 Benefits for the Railway transport sector

Assisting railway transport sector in completing regulations and designing documents of the wagon exchange process Appling advanced technologies into railway transport operation Assisting railway transport sector in determining demand

as well as wagon structure within the whole sector Wagon exchange is the foundation to create a fair and competitive environment

2.4.3 Benefits for the RTEs involved the wagon exchange

The wagons of RTEs will be used most effectively, which reduce the coefficient of empty wagons, increase the speed of delivery and shorten the turnaround time of the wagon The exchange also help to save the cost of transportation along the way, reduce transportation costs, delivery time, production costs, rates, and save cost of compensation for goods loss Uniform bills of lading procedures Facilitating the synchronization of locomotives, wagons and railway networks, therefore creating the premise for the renewal of railway technology Facilitating multimodal transport and organizing logistics services

2.4.4 Benefits for the transportation consumers

Reduced delivery time, simple bill of lading procedures, reduced transportation costs, which are the conditions of reducing the price Cargoes are safer because they do not have to be loaded and unloaded many times, helping consumers feel secure when transporting goods by railway

2.5 Contents of the freight wagon exchange

2.5.1 Complete the State Government’s macro policy and build up documents system for wagon exchange

In order to have a good implementation as well as orient for the development

of the freight wagon exchange, the State Government, railway transport sector need

to complete, supplement Development strategy, documents system, regulations, technical standard, etc related to the wagon exchange of railway transport

2.5.2 Complete theoretical foundations of the freight wagon exchange that are suitable for the conditions of Vietnam

Complete the definition, indicate the essence, significance and benefits of the freight wagon exchange Complete principles and necessary conditions to implement the freight wagon exchange

2.5.3 Establish the information system of the freight wagon exchange

Building the information system for wagon exchange helps to collect, analyze, evaluate and publicize in-time for all relevant participates The information system in the wagon exchange includes: External information system, internal information, research and analytical information system

2.5.4 Set up apparatus and operation rules for the freight wagon exchange

The apparatus of wagon exchange is established for the railway transport sector

to RTEs, railway stations may be organized to include Wagon work department, departments, and communicative wagon points

2.5.5 Set up communicative wagon work at communicative stations

To implement communicative wagon work, it firstly needs to determine the system of communicative stations based on the principle that ensures the best conditions for the staffs of RTEs doing the communicative tasks and communicating goods together, which help to check and count exactly and quickly

2.5.6 Statistical work for date of using freight wagons

To have a good implementation about statistical work for dates of using freight wagons, it needs to have a good system of procedures and decentralization of reports

2.5.7 Check, supervise the wagon exchange

Checking and inspecting activities of the freight wagon exchange need to be done regularly for ensuring the strict implementation of rules and regulations of the freight wagon exchange between relevant participations

2.5.8 Build up methods of the freight wagon exchange

At present, the State government allows different economic sectors participating in the national railway investments In this regards, different RTEs model will appear, creating different forms of wagon exchange Wagon exchange between RTEs who have their own territories Wagon exchange between RTEs who have their own territories and those who do not have their own territories Therefore,

to have a good implementation of wagon exchange, it needs to build up all methods

of wagon exchange

2.5.9 Select the optimal wagon exchange method

To determine the optimal method for the freight wagon exchange, it needs to meet the objectives of the wagon exchange which are the efficient exploitation of the general wagon scheme and saving resource for the railway sector and the society It also ensures the maximum gross profit of RTEs and participated enterprises have profits The choice of optimal method for wagon exchange needs to be based on mathematical models, finding the optimal method in the quickest way Supporting the transport operators to find the in-time method These solutions are considered the application of technology and building up searching software

2.6 Principles for the wagon exchange work

Based on the theoretical study of the freight wagon exchange and the practices of VNR, the author sets out the principles for the organization of the carriage exchange as follows:

- Must comply with the State policy on railway transport development as well as the basic principles prescribed in the Railway Law and the regulations of the railway sector

- Wagon exchange must be based on scientific basis in both theory and practice

- Inheriting the experiences of the freight wagon exchange in the previous periods

- To build a comprehensive technical and economic basis to serve the wagon exchange

- Pay attention to training human resources for the exchange of wagons

- Wagon exchange must achieve economic efficiency The exchange of wagons must ensure the social benefits and interests of railway consumers

Thus, when building the regulations, designing the document system, organizing the wagon exchange, organizing the communication at the communicative stations, building the information system, and building up as well as select the optimal methods should comply with these above principles

2.7 Necessary conditions for implementing wagon exchange

To implement wagon exchange works as well as ensure the rights of enterprises that participated in the exchange, there are necessary conditions as follows:

- First condition: Must have theoretical foundation of the freight wagon

exchange between RTEs

- Second condition: Must have document system and regulations of the freight

wagon exchange

- Third condition: Must have the conditions of apparatus of the exchange as well

as the communicative work for wagon at the communicative stations

- Fourth condition: Must have the conditions of technical and technological

aspects

- Fifth condition: Must have the conditions of capabilities and qualification of

staffs that participate in the wagon exchange

Carrying out the above conditions will ensure a good exchange of the freight wagons between RTEs Thus, the RTEs will effectively solve the problem of using wagons and meet the development requirements of the railway sector

2.8 International experiences of the freight wagon exchange

2.8.1 International union of railways (UIC)

The freight wagon exchange between members of UIC is based on Uniform Rules concerning Contracts of Use of Vehicles in International Rail Traffic (CUV), Regulation governing the reciprocal use of Wagons in International Traffic (RIV) The CUV and RIV rules clearly state the carved carriage code, liability in the case of loss of carriage damage, liability of the parties when causing loss of carriages, calculating the time of using carriages, and paying the rental wagons

2.8.2 The Organization of Railway Cooperation (OSZD)

This organization was established on 28th July 1956 in Sophia (Republic of Bulgaria) The freight wagon exchange between countries of OSZD is based on Agreement on International Railway Goods Transport (SMGS) and Rules for the Use

of Wagons in International Communication (PPV)

2.8.3 European Railway Freight Agency (ERFA)

The European Rail Freight Association (ERFA) was established in 2002 in Brussel (Belgium) ERFA's mission is to promote European rail freight and its stakeholders through full liberalization of the market ERFA develops common solutions for the railway business areas, regulations on safety, maintenance and exchange of wagons between RTEs The ERFA also makes recommendations to the European Railway Authority (ERA)

2.8.4 European Railway Freight Agency and infrastructure enterprises (CER)

CER was established in 1988 in Brussels The role of CER is to assist businesses in improving the regulatory environment for rail operators and European rail infrastructure businesses such as building regulations for applying technologies

of the freight wagon exchange

2.8.5 The US Railways

It is one of the largest railways in the world with regard to both network size transport and volume All US railways are privately owned by each capitalist enterprise and each enterprise has a certain number of wagons In order to carry out the work of the wagon exchange, the US Railways has developed a set of regulations

on the exchange of wagons

2.8.6 Russian Railways

Russian Railways is the second largest railway network in the world behind the United States with the world's third-largest carrier compared to China and the United States To carry out the exchange of wagons between RTEs, the Russian Railways Corporation establishes transportation service centers, state payment centers, and etc These centers organize the operation of the entire railway network, provide railway transport operation, and are the intermediations between the subsidiaries of the Russian Railways Corporation and private enterprises

2.8.7 Chinese Railways

The Chinese railway network ranks third in the world behide the United States and Russia, with the world's second-largest transport volume compared to the United States State-owned freight wagons are managed and operated by subsidiaries

of the China Railway Corporation The exchange of wagons with the State Railways, the Russian Railways through the agreement of the Organization of Railway Cooperation (OSZD) Thus, the exchange of wagons between the RTEs around the world is carried out through agreements, principles, standards, and applications of information technology These are the experiences for the author to develop regulations, principles and organization of the freight wagon exchange between RTEs

in Vietnam

EXCHANGE IN VIETNAM’S RAILWAYS

3.1 Introduction of the freight wagon exchange in Vietnam’s Railways

The freight wagon exchange in Vietnam’s Railway has changed along with the changes of organizational structure and is divided into four periods:

3.1.1 The period of prior to 1989

Prior to 1st April 1989, all freight wagons were owned by the State government and managed and operated by Wagon Management Department under Railway wagon Department - Railway Bureau The wagon exchange was taken place between Vietnam’s Railways and Chinese Railways following the agreement of OSZD and agreements signed between two nations

3.1.2 The period between 1989 and 2003

April 10th, 1990, the Ministry of Transport decided to change the Railway Bureau into the Vietnam Railway Union under the Decision No 575-QD / TCCB-

LD and reorganized the production in the spirit of the renovation of the Communist Party and the State government New economic management mechanism was regulated The railway sector formed three regional railway enterprises namely I, II and III under Decision No 336-QD / TCCB-LD by Ministry of Transport, conducting railway business according to the decentralization of Vietnam Railway Union The regional railway enterprises were independent accounting within the Railway Union In this period, the entire wagons were still owned by the State government and allocated to the independent cost-accounting business units for independent use and exploitation The exchange of wagons took place between the VNR and the CR, and between the regional railway enterprises Regulations, rules and communicative procedures had been developed These were experiences giving ideas to the author to complete the exchange of wagons between the RTEs

3.1.3 The period between 2003 and 2014

Following the Prime Minister’s Decision on March 4 2003 in relation to the establishment of Vietnam Railways, the wagon exchange was assigned to Freight Railway Transport Company The wagon exchange took place between VNR and

CR

3.1.4 The period from 2014 to present

Organizational structure of Vietnam Railways is presented in Figure 3.1

Figure 3.1 Organizational structure of Vietnam Railways

Locomotive branches, railway business branches

02 Railway transport JSCs Railway College

Project Boards

12 Railway transport exploitation branches locomotive exploitation branches

Office and professional Board Director Board

Control Board Council Members

Stations, locomotive shed

Railway

Operation center

Ministry of Transport

Table 3.1 Freight wagons exchange in Vietnam’s Railways

Owned

Type of exchange Number Owned

High-sided open wagon H 898 854 Hanoi Exchange between RTEs,

Depressed center flat car MVT 10 6 Hanoi

4 Saigon Low-sided open wagon N 313 290 Hanoi Exchange between RTEs,

and between CR

23 Saigon Low-sided open wagon 1435-

23 Saigon

20 Saigon Caboose 1435-meter gauge

Document system that regulates the freight wagon exchange: The wagon exchange on Vietnam’s Railways is done conforming to the National Technical standard on railway transport exploitation and wagon’s repair procedures The wagon exchange between VNR and CR is conducted based on agreements of OSZD

3.2 Freight Wagon exchange between Vietnam’s Railways and Chinese

Railways

3.2.1 Introduction about history of the development of Vietnam-China railway transport

At present, VNR is connected and operated railway transport to CR through two border gates, which are Dong Dang and Lao Cai Six freight trains are operated between two countries daily

3.2.2 Freight wagon exchange between Vietnam’s Railways and Chinese Railways

The freight wagon exchange between VNR and CR is operated conforming to the regulations of OSZD which is based on the annual protocol signed by Ministry of Transport of Social Republic of Vietnam and Chinese Railways of People’s Republic

Figure 3.7 Fluctuation in wagon exchange between VNR and CR throughout

Figure 3.15 Fluctuation in rented wagons of VNR from CR at Dong Dang

As shown in these above charts, the number of exported-imported wagons through two border gates – Dong Dang and Lao Cai fluctuated significantly from 2012 to

2017 This volume was very low in 2012, 2013, 2014 due to the economic crisis in both Vietnam and China The volume was bounced back since 2015, 2016, 2017 when Vietnam’s economy was recovered and stabilized As shown in the tables, VNR mainly imported Chinese wagons, thereby affecting considerably business production of railway transport sector

3.2.4 Freight wagon exchange between Vietnam’s Railways and Chinese

Railways

The freight wagon exchange with China has the following drawbacks: There is no official document on the exchange of wagons Lack of professional staffs, passive in the management of wagons which leads to the high number of wagons imported from China, the freight wagon exchange is only implemented in one-way Vietnam's wagons, including 1435-meter gauge wagons which was purchased from China, are also not allowed to operate on CR system This is due to many reasons such as technical barriers of the VNR, poor quality of the wagon of VNR, and differences in the repair process between the VNR and the CR

3.3 Introduction about railway transport joint stock company and the freight

wagon exchange in VNR

3.3.1 Introduction of railway transport joint stock company

Figure 3.20: Organizational structure of Hanoi Railway Transport JSC

GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

BOARD OF DIRECTOR Control Board

OPERATION BOARD

Freight wagon branch, Hanoi

and Vinh Freight wagon

branch

Hanoi railway attendant branch

Railway transport branches: Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Bac Giang, Dong Anh, Hanoi, Hai Phong, Bim Son, Vinh, Dong Hoi,

Hue,, the South

Advisory Departments (8 Departments)

General office and Party

Branches (15)

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document 20 Organizational structure of

Railway Transport and Trading Joint Stock Company

GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

BOARD OF DIRECTOR Control Board

OPERATION BOARD

- Sai Gon, Danang

Railway transport branches: Saigon, Song Than, Binh Thuan, Nha Trang, Da Nang, the

North

Advisory Department (7Departments) Party – Youth office

Branches (9)

Figure 3.21: Organizational structure of Saigon Railway Transport JSC

BOARD OF DIRECTOR CONTROL BOARD

ORGANIZATION &

ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT

TRANSPORT OPERATION DEPARTMENT

RATRACO TOURISM ONE MEMBER LIMITED COMPANY

LIEN VIET TRANSPORT

AND TRADING LIMITED

COMPANY

NR GREENLINES LOGISTICS LIMITED COMPANY

ITL RATRACO LIMITED COMPANY

YEN VIEN TRANSPORT OPERATION CENTER

GIAP BAT TRANSPORT OPERATION CENTER

VINH TRANSPORT OPERATION CENTER

ĐA NANG TRANSPORT OPERATION CENTER

SONG THAN TRANSPORT OPERATION

CENTER

Manage through representative

s of capital portions

TRADING CENTER

GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS