TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT 1 CHAPTER I : OVERVIEW OF THE NIGHTTIME ECONOMY 2 1. Concept of the nighttime economy 2 2. History of the nighttime economy 2 3. Characteristics of nighttime economy 3 CHAPTER II: THE NIGHTTIME ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WORLD CITIES 5 1. The nighttime economy in European Union and the United Kingdom 5 2. Nighttime economy in Asia 6 CHAPTER III. THE NIGHTTIME ECONOMY IN VIETNAM 9 1.Evaluation of the potential for nighttime economic development in Vietnam 9 2. The situation of the nighttime economy in Vietnam 12 1.1. Achieved positive results 13 1.2. Limits of nighttime economic development in Vietnam 19 3.Nighttime economy leverage for economic development after COVID19….. ....................................................................................................................21 CHAPTER IV: SOLUTIONS 24 1. Develop clear growth strategy 24 2. Take safety and security measures 25 3. Improve public infrastructure 26 4. Attract more resources 27 5. Raise public awareness 27 CONCLUSION 28 REFERENCES 29 ABSTRACT In recent years, there has been a significantly increasing demand of the night service economy for domestic and international tourists. Despite the high growth in visitor numbers, a few want to return or the stay is also short, partly due to the lack of night services at tourist attractions. Many experts consider the nighttime economy will attract more tourists, especially foreign tourists. The nighttime economy is not a new concept in many countries around the world but it is still not popular in Viet Nam. The nighttime economy contributes significantly to the economic growth of a country, creating many jobs, and betterserving people’s lives. While the major destinations in the world, typically in the cities of Paris, Toulouse (France), Zurich (Switzerland) or Amsterdam (Netherlands), Tokyo (Japan),... earned many billions of dollars from developing the nighttime economy in association with tourism, in Vietnam, the nighttime economy is still small and has not been properly planned from the perspective of state management to peoples livelihood. In many places, the night service is spontaneous only at the request of residents and visitors. In VietNam today, the night economy is receiving the attention of many experts and policymakers, although this activity is still in its formative stage. Realizing the importance of the problem, our group decided to choose the topic: The nighttime economy an irresistible attraction for Vietnam to analyze the current situation of advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and challenges for cities of Vietnam in attracting tourists every year, and propose some measures to help develop the nighttime economy in Vietnam, especially in the post Covid 19 epidemic situation. 1 CHAPTER I : OVERVIEW OF THE NIGHTTIME ECONOMY 1. Concept of the nighttime economy Nighttime economy is services, business, and activities that are held from 6 pm to 6 am. The Nighttime economy is a subset of the cultural economy. Actors in the night economy include bars, dance clubs, karaoke establishments, parties, live music performances, and other forms of night entertainment (excluding the prostitution industry). These activities are entertainment business activities that satisfy the needs of tourists and also activities that take place at night to serve the business, consumption, and entertainment needs of local people. Economic development at night is increasingly concerned because it contributes to making the most of time, diversifying economic activities. In fact, it serves people’s lives better, attracts tourists, and creates more opportunities for economic growth from countries around the world. Moreover, from countries around the world, the night economy has brought great values: promoting economic and social life, creating surplus value, and contributing to attracting foreign currency. The diversified nighttime economic services require a large number of workers in many different job positions, thereby creating many jobs. Furthermore, the development of the nighttime economy could attract more investors into entertainment and shopping facilities, increasing economic resources for the local economy. Many big cities are also known as nonsleeping cities with vibrant activities at night as well as day. 2. History of the nighttime economy The concept of a nighttime economy or a 24hour city has been around since the late 1970s, especially in Europe. The series of cultural events in the summer evening in Rome (Italy) in 1977 was one of the first initiatives about the 24hour city (Binchini, 1995). In the 1990s, some major cities in the UK such as London, 2 Manchester did not consider the night as negative space (overconsumption of alcohol, crime, street violence) and turned to the beginning of estimating the value of the night economy. Contemporary nighttime economics began to emerge as early as in China in 1979 and caught the attention of policymakers and scholars in the West. But its growth was still slow in the 1980s and early 1990s. In the second half of the 1990s, the night economy expanded exponentially as urban Chinese tended to consume cultural products. Young people enthusiastically embraced the club culture, the nightlife culture that was dominating the globe at the time. After a brief period of harsh repression in 2000 and 2001, Chinas night economy entered another era of rapid growth. In contrast to the 1990s, the current period of growth enjoys significant support from all levels of government, is socially recognized, and receives a positive response in the mass media. Since the late 2000s, Chinas night economy has been commercially successful, culturally vibrant, and has a distinct nationwide presence. The nighttime economy in Vietnam developed quite late in the 2010s. In recent years, it has prospered, but in general, it is still poor and backward. 3. Characteristics of nighttime economy The form of the night economy is a model that includes food, art, music, entertainment programs, festivals, events to tourist attractions only at night. The night economy has a close relationship with the market economy, especially the tourism economy. This is a combination of the two main driving forces is economy and culture, in which the most popular types are relaxation, entertainment, services, and tourism. Whether in a major capital city or a small market town, there are key features of a great night time economy. First, it attracts every sector of the population, 3 regardless of age, race, gender, sexuality or physical or mental ability. Second, it caters to every interest, whether that is eating, drinking, dancing, music, performance or merely gathering. Third, it is attractive to all income groups. Nobody should be excluded from the night time economy on grounds of wealth. Fourth, it should be accessible, whether by public or private transport, or on foot, at all hours. Fifth, it should be safe and amenable, through good signage, lighting, access and security; for a diverse range of users throughout the day and night. The principles are easy to state. The goals can only be attained through partnership, planning, and investment. 4 CHAPTER II: THE NIGHTTIME ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WORLD CITIES 1. The nighttime economy in European Union and the United Kingdom As cities around the world begin to open out from lockdown, the predictions of how many nighttime venues will remain shuttered if government support is not forthcoming make for grim reading. Cities may value the money and jobs generated by their nighttime economies, but not always their cultural value, is the message from those in the industry. Too often, music, for example, is seen as entertainment rather than culture, apart from in more progressive cities such as Berlin. Closures of small venues in London, for example, have been happening for years, as venues are pushed over and out like dominoes, by skyrocketing rents and a dearth of government policies to support them. The outcome is a fragmented scene spread out across the city, even though a few new venues have opened, including the 6,000capacity in South London. PreCovid, the nighttime sector was delivering millions if not billions of dollars, pounds and euros to city economies. For New York City, the nighttime economy brings in US35.1bn a year and has created 300,000 jobs. In London, the nighttime economy accounts for 723,000 jobs, with a preCovid forecast of an additional 66,000 positions by 2026. The Sydney nighttime economy could grow by 60% to AU43bn if the city nurtured and supported nighttime infrastructure and activities more effectively. While lockdown slowly starts to ease, representatives of nighttime economies around the world have been regrouping digitally to share how to reopen and reimagine the role of nighttime economies in urban living. Where some people see closures, others see opportunities: the opportunity to add ‘content’ to the built environment. The nighttime economy is about looking at real estate as a platform, 5 with the need to create the content, rather than looking at real estate as an asset, which makes cities resilient. In the United Kingdom, the nighttime economy is a growing part of its economy. Nationally, it is the UKs fifthbiggest industry, accounting for at least 8% of the UKs employment and annual revenues of £66bn, according to the NightTime Industries Association. The nighttime economy is an opportunity to revitalize urban areas that become deserted at night. For instance, by organizing food festivals along with restaurants and bars in the city center, cities like London can retain more people in these commercial areas, reducing the number of commuters that return home right after work. This not only results in greater revenue for these businesses but also, helps alleviate rushhour congestion. According to TBR’s NightMix Index, the nighttime economy in the UK employs 1.3 million people and is worth £66bn a year. This index analyzes the composition of the nighttime economy in different areas of the city by measuring indicators such as the number, type and size of the businesses; the number of people that work during this time frame, the evolution of the area’s nighttime economy, and its growth in comparison to other sectors of the local economy. 2. Nighttime economy in Asia In China, the nighttime economy is now a significant part of urban commerce, demonstrating a citys characters and dynamism, is also an important barometer for a citys economic vitality. A report issued by the Ministry of Commerce this July said that 60 percent of consumption took place at night. The turnover of some major shopping malls between 6:00 pm and 10:00 pm accounted for over half of their daily sales volume. Statistics showed the Chinese nighttime economy exceeded 30 trillion yuan (4.64 trillion) in 2020 and is expected to expand to 36 trillion yuan this year. At the 2021 Beijing Catering Brand Conference held during the justconcluded China 6 International Fair for Trade in Services, the Beijing Municipal Commerce Bureau announced the operation of 10 featured night markets in Beijing and launched a dynamic map for the capitals consumer services for better development of the nightime economy. It marked a second time for the Bureau to announce featured night markets in the city. Besides, cities in China have also tailored their own golden signboards for nighttime economy, such as the light shows above the Yangtze River in Hubeis Wuhan, and the scenic belt featuring the Qinhuai River and Fuzimiao, or whats known as the Confucius Temple, in Nanjing, east Chinas Jiangsu province. The nighttime economy covers a wide range of businesses and diverse consumption scenarios, including business types that hold dear both day and night operations, such as restaurants and malls, as well as those that generally welcome only latenight customers, such as pubs and karaoke bars. In Japan, the country has seen a surge of tourists in recent years, welcoming 30 million in 2018, after crossing the 20 million thresholds for the first time in 2016. The government has recognized the cultural and economic benefits of tourism and aims to attract 40 million visitors in 2020 when Tokyo hosts the Olympics and Paralympics. Officials estimate this number would add up to 74 billion dollars in spending on sightseeing, dining, shopping, travel, and other activities. However, the average spending per traveler has fallen for three years in a row. Tourism officials believe one way to get visitors to once again splash the cash is to promote nighttime activities and make them more accessible. Japan is trying to become more tourismdriven by attracting tourists from abroad and through that, increasing spending. Tourists spend the most on transportation, and the second most on accommodations. After that comes money spent on food and leisure, but this amount is low. An incredible amount of shopping is done by tourists from other parts of Asia, but once this calms down, the issue will become how we increase spending. Looking at that, we can see that the pattern of how time is spent during the day has already been 7 decided to a certain extent, but the time before and after that, especially the night, has become a focus. For example, where you go next after dinner: to drink at a bar, to watch a show or to see some art. In these activities, there is another hour or two of inbound tourist spending that is possible. 8 CHAPTER III. THE NIGHTTIME ECONOMY IN VIETNAM 1.Evaluation of the potential for nighttime economic development in Vietnam An assessment of the potential for the development of the night economy in Vietnam shows that there are many advantages for development with the following advantages: Firstly, Vietnam has many conditions for developing the night economy, especially tourism. Tourism resources of Vietnam are quite diverse and rich. According to statistics, Vietnam currently has 28 heritages recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and is a favorite destination of many international tourists; Vietnam has a lot of potential for culture, art and unique cuisine. In a recent survey of the Insider Exclusive TV Show, in the Tourism industry, heritage tourism is considered the fastest growing segment. Heritage tourists typically spend more than regular tourists (about 1,319 per trip, compared with an average of 820 for tourism in general). Heritage tourists also make more trips than other forms of tourism on average (3.6 tripsyear versus 3.4 tripsyear). UNESCO statistics show that places with world heritage sites often attract large numbers of tourists and visitors stay 2.5 times longer than in other places. Second, in recent years, the number of international tourists to Vietnam is increasing. In 2020, Vietnams tourism aims to welcome about 20.5 million international visitors, but this goal has not been achieved due to the impact of the Covid19 pandemic. However, the trend of increasing tourists to Asia Pacific in general and Vietnam, in particular, will continue, when the Covid19 pandemic is under control. Recording the number of tourists worldwide, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) said that by the end of 2019, Europe received 50.8% of the 9 global tourist arrivals, Asia Pacific received 24.9%, America received 15%, Africa received 4.9% and the Middle East received 4.4%.
Trang 1FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS REPORT TOPIC: NIGHT-TIME ECONOMY – AN
IRRESISTIBLE ATTRACTION FOR VIETNAM
Trang 2TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT 1
CHAPTER I : OVERVIEW OF THE NIGHT-TIME ECONOMY 2
1 Concept of the night-time economy 2
2 History of the night-time economy 2
3 Characteristics of night-time economy 3
CHAPTER II: THE NIGHT-TIME ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WORLD CITIES 5
1 The night-time economy in European Union and the United Kingdom 5
2 Night-time economy in Asia 6
CHAPTER III THE NIGHT-TIME ECONOMY IN VIETNAM 9
1 Evaluation of the potential for night-time economic development in Vietnam 9
2 The situation of the night-time economy in Vietnam 12
1.1 Achieved positive results 13
1.2 Limits of night-time economic development in Vietnam 19
3 Night-time economy - "leverage" for economic development after COVID- 19…
21
CHAPTER IV: SOLUTIONS 24
1 Develop clear growth strategy 24
2 Take safety and security measures 25
3 Improve public infrastructure 26
4 Attract more resources 27
5 Raise public awareness 27
CONCLUSION 28
REFERENCES 29
Trang 3In recent years, there has been a significantly increasing demand of the nightservice economy for domestic and international tourists Despite the high growth invisitor numbers, a few want to return or the stay is also short, partly due to the lack
of night services at tourist attractions Many experts consider the night-time
economy will attract more tourists, especially foreign tourists
The night-time economy is not a new concept in many countries around the world but it is still not popular in Viet Nam The night-time economy
contributes significantly to the economic growth of a country, creating many
jobs, and better-serving people’s lives While the major destinations in the world,typically in the cities of Paris, Toulouse (France), Zurich (Switzerland) or
Amsterdam (Netherlands), Tokyo (Japan), earned many billions of dollars fromdeveloping the night-time economy in association with tourism, in Vietnam, the night-time economy is still small and has not been properly planned from the perspective of state management to people's livelihood In many places, the night service is spontaneous only at the request of residents and visitors
In VietNam today, the night economy is receiving the attention of many experts and policymakers, although this activity is still in its formative stage Realizing the importance of the problem, our group decided to choose the topic:
"The night-time economy - an irresistible attraction for Vietnam" to analyze the
current situation of advantages, disadvantages, opportunities, and challenges for cities of Vietnam in attracting tourists every year, and propose some measures to help develop the night-time economy in Vietnam, especially in the post - Covid 19epidemic situation
Trang 4CHAPTER I : OVERVIEW OF THE NIGHT-TIME ECONOMY
1 Concept of the night-time economy
Night-time economy is services, business, and activities that are held from 6
pm to 6 am The Night-time economy is a subset of the cultural economy Actors inthe night economy include bars, dance clubs, karaoke establishments, parties, livemusic performances, and other forms of night entertainment (excluding theprostitution industry) These activities are entertainment business activities thatsatisfy the needs of tourists and also activities that take place at night to serve thebusiness, consumption, and entertainment needs of local people
Economic development at night is increasingly concerned because itcontributes to making the most of time, diversifying economic activities In fact, itserves people’s lives better, attracts tourists, and creates more opportunities foreconomic growth from countries around the world Moreover, from countriesaround the world, the night economy has brought great values: promotingeconomic and social life, creating surplus value, and contributing to attractingforeign currency The diversified night-time economic services require a largenumber of workers in many different job positions, thereby creating many jobs.Furthermore, the development of the night-time economy could attract moreinvestors into entertainment and shopping facilities, increasing economic resourcesfor the local economy Many big cities are also known as "non-sleeping cities" withvibrant activities at night as well as day
2 History of the night-time economy
The concept of a night-time economy or a 24-hour city has been around sincethe late 1970s, especially in Europe The series of cultural events in the summerevening in Rome (Italy) in 1977 was one of the first initiatives about the 24-hourcity (Binchini, 1995) In the 1990s, some major cities in the UK such as London,
Trang 5Manchester did not consider the night as negative space (overconsumption ofalcohol, crime, street violence) and turned to the beginning of estimating the value
of the night economy
Contemporary night-time economics began to emerge as early as in China in
1979 and caught the attention of policymakers and scholars in the West But its growthwas still slow in the 1980s and early 1990s In the second half of the 1990s, the nighteconomy expanded exponentially as urban Chinese tended to consume culturalproducts Young people enthusiastically embraced the club culture, the nightlifeculture that was dominating the globe at the time After a brief period of harshrepression in 2000 and 2001, China's night economy entered another era of rapidgrowth In contrast to the 1990s, the current period of growth enjoys significantsupport from all levels of government, is socially recognized, and receives a positiveresponse in the mass media Since the late 2000s, China's night economy has beencommercially successful, culturally vibrant, and has a distinct nationwide presence
The night-time economy in Vietnam developed quite late in the 2010s Inrecent years, it has prospered, but in general, it is still poor and backward
3 Characteristics of night-time economy
The form of the night economy is a model that includes food, art, music,entertainment programs, festivals, events to tourist attractions only at night
The night economy has a close relationship with the market economy,especially the tourism economy This is a combination of the two main drivingforces is economy and culture, in which the most popular types are relaxation,entertainment, services, and tourism
Whether in a major capital city or a small market town, there are key features
of a great night time economy First, it attracts every sector of the population,
Trang 6regardless of age, race, gender, sexuality or physical or mental ability Second, itcaters to every interest, whether that is eating, drinking, dancing, music, performance
or merely gathering Third, it is attractive to all income groups Nobody should beexcluded from the night time economy on grounds of wealth Fourth, it should beaccessible, whether by public or private transport, or on foot, at all hours Fifth, itshould be safe and amenable, through good signage, lighting, access and security; for
a diverse range of users throughout the day and night The principles are easy to state.The goals can only be attained through partnership, planning, and investment
Trang 7CHAPTER II: THE NIGHT-TIME ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN
WORLD CITIES
1 The night-time economy in European Union and the United Kingdom
As cities around the world begin to open out from lockdown, the predictions
of how many night-time venues will remain shuttered if government support is notforthcoming make for grim reading Cities may value the money and jobsgenerated by their night-time economies, but not always their cultural value, is themessage from those in the industry Too often, music, for example, is seen asentertainment rather than culture, apart from in more progressive cities such asBerlin Closures of small venues in London, for example, have been happening foryears, as venues are pushed over and out like dominoes, by skyrocketing rents and
a dearth of government policies to support them The outcome is a fragmentedscene spread out across the city, even though a few new venues have opened,including the 6,000-capacity in South London
Pre-Covid, the night-time sector was delivering millions if not billions ofdollars, pounds and euros to city economies For New York City, the night-timeeconomy brings in US$35.1bn a year and has created 300,000 jobs In London, thenight-time economy accounts for 723,000 jobs, with a pre-Covid forecast of anadditional 66,000 positions by 2026 The Sydney night-time economy could grow
by 60% to AU$43bn if the city nurtured and supported night-time infrastructureand activities more effectively
While lockdown slowly starts to ease, representatives of night-time economiesaround the world have been regrouping digitally to share how to reopen and reimaginethe role of night-time economies in urban living Where some people see closures,others see opportunities: the opportunity to add ‘content’ to the built environment Thenight-time economy is about looking at real estate as a platform,
Trang 8with the need to create the content, rather than looking at real estate as an asset,which makes cities resilient.
In the United Kingdom, the night-time economy is a growing part of itseconomy Nationally, it is the UK's fifth-biggest industry, accounting for at least8% of the UK's employment and annual revenues of £66bn, according to the Night-Time Industries Association The night-time economy is an opportunity torevitalize urban areas that become deserted at night For instance, by organizingfood festivals along with restaurants and bars in the city center, cities like Londoncan retain more people in these commercial areas, reducing the number ofcommuters that return home right after work This not only results in greaterrevenue for these businesses but also, helps alleviate rush-hour congestion.According to TBR’s Night-Mix Index, the night-time economy in the UK employs1.3 million people and is worth £66bn a year This index analyzes the composition
of the night-time economy in different areas of the city by measuring indicatorssuch as the number, type and size of the businesses; the number of people that workduring this time frame, the evolution of the area’s night-time economy, and itsgrowth in comparison to other sectors of the local economy
2 Night-time economy in Asia
In China, the night-time economy is now a significant part of urban commerce,demonstrating a city's characters and dynamism, is also an important barometer for acity's economic vitality A report issued by the Ministry of Commerce this July saidthat 60 percent of consumption took place at night The turnover of some majorshopping malls between 6:00 pm and 10:00 pm accounted for over half of their dailysales volume Statistics showed the Chinese night-time economy exceeded 30 trillionyuan ($4.64 trillion) in 2020 and is expected to expand to 36 trillion yuan this year Atthe 2021 Beijing Catering Brand Conference held during the just-concluded China
Trang 9International Fair for Trade in Services, the Beijing Municipal Commerce Bureauannounced the operation of 10 featured night markets in Beijing and launched adynamic map for the capital's consumer services for better development of thenigh-time economy It marked a second time for the Bureau to announce featurednight markets in the city Besides, cities in China have also tailored their own
"golden signboards" for night-time economy, such as the light shows above theYangtze River in Hubei's Wuhan, and the scenic belt featuring the Qinhuai Riverand Fuzimiao, or what's known as the Confucius Temple, in Nanjing, east China'sJiangsu province The night-time economy covers a wide range of businesses anddiverse consumption scenarios, including business types that hold dear both dayand night operations, such as restaurants and malls, as well as those that generallywelcome only late-night customers, such as pubs and karaoke bars
In Japan, the country has seen a surge of tourists in recent years, welcoming 30million in 2018, after crossing the 20 million thresholds for the first time in 2016 Thegovernment has recognized the cultural and economic benefits of tourism and aims toattract 40 million visitors in 2020 when Tokyo hosts the Olympics and Paralympics.Officials estimate this number would add up to 74 billion dollars in spending onsightseeing, dining, shopping, travel, and other activities However, the averagespending per traveler has fallen for three years in a row Tourism officials believe oneway to get visitors to once again splash the cash is to promote night-time activities andmake them more accessible Japan is trying to become more tourism-driven byattracting tourists from abroad and through that, increasing spending Tourists spendthe most on transportation, and the second most on accommodations After that comesmoney spent on food and leisure, but this amount is low An incredible amount ofshopping is done by tourists from other parts of Asia, but once this calms down, theissue will become how we increase spending Looking at that, we can see that thepattern of how time is spent during the day has already been
Trang 10decided to a certain extent, but the time before and after that, especially the night,has become a focus For example, where you go next after dinner: to drink at a bar,
to watch a show or to see some art In these activities, there is another hour or two
of inbound tourist spending that is possible
Trang 11CHAPTER III THE NIGHT-TIME ECONOMY IN VIETNAM
1 Evaluation of the potential for night-time economic development
in Vietnam
An assessment of the potential for the development of the night economy inVietnam shows that there are many advantages for development with the followingadvantages:
Firstly, Vietnam has many conditions for developing the night economy,
especially tourism Tourism resources of Vietnam are quite diverse and rich.According to statistics, Vietnam currently has 28 heritages recognized by theUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and
is a favorite destination of many international tourists; Vietnam has a lot ofpotential for culture, art and unique cuisine
In a recent survey of the Insider Exclusive TV Show, in the Tourismindustry, heritage tourism is considered the fastest growing segment Heritagetourists typically spend more than regular tourists (about $1,319 per trip, comparedwith an average of $820 for tourism in general) Heritage tourists also make moretrips than other forms of tourism on average (3.6 trips/year versus 3.4 trips/year).UNESCO statistics show that places with world heritage sites often attract largenumbers of tourists and visitors stay 2.5 times longer than in other places
Second, in recent years, the number of international tourists to Vietnam is
increasing In 2020, Vietnam's tourism aims to welcome about 20.5 millioninternational visitors, but this goal has not been achieved due to the impact of theCovid-19 pandemic However, the trend of increasing tourists to Asia - Pacific ingeneral and Vietnam, in particular, will continue, when the Covid-19 pandemic isunder control Recording the number of tourists worldwide, the World TourismOrganization (UNWTO) said that by the end of 2019, Europe received 50.8% of the
Trang 12global tourist arrivals, Asia - Pacific received 24.9%, America received 15%,
Africa received 4.9% and the Middle East received 4.4%
Graph 1: Prospects for increasing the size of Vietnam's middle class by 2030
According to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report published bythe World Economic Forum in 2019, Vietnam's tourism ranks 6th out of 10countries and has the highest tourist growth rate Vietnam was also awarded the
"Asia's Leading Travel Destination" by the World Tourism Awards in 2018
Third, Vietnam's GDP per capita has significantly improved, with an
increasing rate average 8.22%/year in the period 2008-2019 (IMF, 2020).Compared to 2008, GDP per capita in 2019 (at real prices) increased 2.36 times(reaching 3,416 USD/person) Besides, income from the middle class iscontinuously increasing An average of 1.5 million Vietnamese has joined theglobal middle class each year since 2014
In 2016, the middle class in Vietnam accounted for about 13.3% of the totalpopulation and is forecast to reach a proportion of 25.7% of the total population in
Trang 132025 and 32.1% in 2030 (WB, 2018) According to the World Bank, the middleclass by international standards is those who live or spend more than 15 USD/day.With a living standard of 15 USD/day or more, the middle class is spending largebudgets and time to entertain and enjoy life.
A survey by The Conference Board and Niesel shows that 43% ofVietnamese consumers' idle money is used for entertainment purposes In which,consumption for entertainment comes most from middle-class youth or frommiddle-class families and above
Fourth, Vietnam has made many efforts in promoting urbanization Decision
No 445/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister approved on 7/4/2009 sets the target ofVietnam achieving an urbanization rate of 50% by 2025 The report of the WorldBank (June 2020) stated that the process of urbanization is always associated withthe movement of workers, from rural to urban areas; from the agricultural sector tothe industrial sector and urban centers This is a favorable condition to promote thedevelopment of the night economy in Vietnam
Fifth, foreign investors are increasingly interested in Vietnam and want to
establish/increase their presence in Vietnam Therefore, in recent years, Vietnamhas attracted a large amount of foreign direct investment Foreign investors are animportant customer group of the night economy, due to their high demand forexchange and consumption and their ability to spend large amounts of money
Sixth, Vietnam is accelerating access to new/modern economic trends and
models such as: sharing economy, e-commerce People's demand becomes moreflexible and can increase with the night economy Businesses will have to adapt tobetter meet the material and spiritual needs of the people, including providing goods
Trang 14and services during the night time frame Accordingly, the night economy has moredevelopment momentum from both the supply side and the demand side.
2 The situation of the night-time economy in Vietnam
In fact, Vietnam does not have a night economy, but only night activities areentertainment spots, night markets, convenience stores, pedestrian streets majorcities, tourist centers with end times at 23 or 24 hours Statistics from the Ministry
of Planning and Investment show that up to now, the country currently has about
20 night markets serving tourism and about 1,000 out of 2,300 convenience storesoperating 24 hours a day, mainly concentrated in tourist areas Hanoi and Ho ChiMinh City In which, the Circle K store system was present in Vietnam in 2008 and
2013 operated under the 24/7 model
In particular, after the Project on developing the night economy in Vietnam was
approved by the Prime Minister in Decision No 1129/QD-TTg dated July 272020, ministries, branches and localities have been integrating actively and boldly have
specific orientations and policies for night-time economic development
The Project on Developing the Night Economy in Vietnam, approved by thePrime Minister, aims at two main goals: promoting domestic consumption anddeveloping tourism, through focusing on developing the cultural service sector ,entertainment, food service, shopping and tourism services, taking place from 6 pmthe previous day to 6 am the next morning
According to the Draft Scheme, the goal is to build a system of diverse,unique, synchronous and quality night tourism products on the basis of takingadvantage of the time and space at night, promoting the advantages of tourismservices night service to contribute to changing the spending structure, prolonging
Trang 15the length of stay, improving competitiveness, and enhancing the attraction of domestic and international tourists to Vietnam.
Specifically by 2025: Forming a system of night tourism products in large urbancenters with large numbers of tourists such as: Hanoi, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, ThuaThien Hue, Da Nang, Hoi An, Nha Trang, Da Lat, Can Tho, Phu Quoc, Ho Chi MinhCity; Forming a separate night entertainment complex in Hanoi, Da Nang and Ho ChiMinh City; Attracting the active participation of all economic sectors, especially theprivate sector and leading economic groups in Vietnam; Increase the average spending
of tourists by 5-6%; Increase the proportion of tourists' spending on night tourismproducts in the visitor's spending structure by 30%; Increase the proportion ofspending outside the tourist program in the spending structure of tourists by 5-6%;Increase the average length of stay of tourists by 1/2 day
By 2030: Form a separate night entertainment complex in the cities of QuangNinh, Hai Phong, Thua Thien Hue, Da Nang, Hoi An, Nha Trang, Da Lat, CanTho, Phu Quoc; Synchronously develop a system of night tourism products inmajor tourist centers of the country; Forming Vietnam's night tourism brand
1.1 Achieved positive results
Although there are no complete statistics or official assessments, nighteconomic activities have been developing in many large cities, achieving somepositive results and making contributions a significant source of revenue to thestate budget and local economic development
The survey showed that, before the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic, touristattractions in major cities across the country such as Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, Da Nang,Sapa, Hue, Quang Ninh, Hoi An, Hue, Phu Quoc, Can Tho, Hai Phong have all
Trang 16developed night services to serve tourists Some night activities have become afamiliar cultural feature of a part of the local population and are a must-see fortourists Typically: Hoan Kiem Lake area, Hanoi Old Quarter, Bui Vien NightStreet, Ninh Kieu Night Market, Bach Dang Night Market, Hoi An Night Market,Nha Trang Night Market, Am Phu Market, Hai Phong Walking Street, Ky Luanight market…
Hanoi is the administrative, political, economic, and cultural center of thecountry Not only vibrant during the day, but Hanoi at night also possesses manypotentials and advantages for night-time economic development Referring to thecapital, domestic and foreign tourists will think of monuments such as One PillarPagoda, Uncle Ho's Mausoleum, Temple of Literature, etc When the night comes,night-time economic activities kick off with excitement in the city many streetssuch as Hang Ngang, Hang Dao, Hang Bong, Ta Hien, Ma May, Luong NgocQuyen, Hang Chieu especially on weekends with pedestrian streets erected in thecity center area
More specifically, Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street and the Old Quarter NightMarket are places that attract many people and tourists when coming to Hanoi A fewyears ago, it was just Hang Dao-Dong Xuan night market with stalls serving peopleand tourists shopping or Ta Hien beer street After that, the pedestrian street area wasincreasingly expanded, surrounding Hoan Kiem Lake area has a longer opening time,many cultural events, art shows attracting more and more people and tourists.According to statistics of the People's Committee of Hoan Kiem district, the number
of visitors to this area in the evening of the weekend is about 15,000 to 20000 people.Since 2016, when Hanoi city allowed Hoan Kiem district to pilot several bars andrestaurants open until 2 a.m with conditions that ensure environmental sanitation andsocial safety, the revenue of business has increased Hoan Kiem District is also