Khóa luận tốt nghiệp văn học ca dao nam bộ về lịch sử

Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Văn học: Ca dao Nam bộ về lịch sử được thực hiện với mục tiêu nhằm tìm hiểu về vùng đất Nam bộ nơi hình thành và truyền lưu những bài ca dao nói về nguồn gốc hình thành, phát triển cùng những nhân vật, sự kiện quan trọng ở Nam bộ. Tiến hành làm rõ giá trị nội dung và giá trị nghệ thuật cơ bản và tiêu biểu nhất có ở ca dao Nam bộ về lịch sử qua các phương pháp nghiên cứu. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo

TRU0NG Dfil HOC VO TRCtfNG TOflN

KHOA KHOA HOC CO BAN

KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP

CHUYEN NGANH VAN HOC

CA DAO NAM BO VE LICH SU"

Giang vien hirong dan:

TRAN VAN NAM

LOI CAM TA

De tai khoa luan tot nghiep nay duoc hoan thanh khong chi la nho vao cong sire

ciia ban than, ma do con co sir tan tinh giup do cua quy thay co Truong Dai hoc Vo

Truong Toan va nhat la sir tan tinh truyen dat kien thuc cung nhu nhirng kinh nghiem

cua giao vien huong dan.

Em xin chan thanh gui loi cam on sau s^c den thay Tran Van Nam, giao vienhuong dan da danh nhieu thoi gian truyen dat nhirng kien thuc Ian kinh nghiem quy

bao giup em hoan thanh tot khoa luan.

Em cung xin chan thanh gui loi cam on den quy thay co Khoa khoa hoc co ban

cung cac can bo cua Thu vien Truong Dai hoc Vo Truong Toan, luon quan tarn giup

do, tao moi dieu kien co the de giup em som hoan thanh tot khoa luan nay.

Sinh vien thuc hien

(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)

Ta Hoang Hai

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

LOI CAM DOAN

Toi xin cam doan rang de tai nay la do chinh toi thuc hien, cac so lieu thu thap

va ket qua phan tich trong de tai la trung thuc, de tai khong trung voi bat cu de tai

nghien cuu khoa hoc nao.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam

Sinh vien thuc hien

(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)

Ta Hoang Hai

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai

PHIEU DANH GIA LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP

{Giang vien hw&ng dan)

1 GIANG VIEN HU'CJNG DAN:

2 SINH VIEN THUC HIEN:

3. TEN DE TAI:

NHAN XET CUA GlANG VIEN HUOfNG DAN

Danh gia chung qua trinh lam luan van tot nghiep:

1.1 Chuyen can:

1.2 Thai do:

1.3 Khac:

2 Danh gia luan van:

2.1 Dat van de (theo 5 buoc):

2.2 Noi dung chinh:

GVHD: Tran Van Nam m SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

2.3 Chu thich, thu muc:

2.4 Hinh thuc trinh bay:

2.4.1 Dung lugng (trang):

2.4.2 Khuonkho:

2.4.3 In an:

2.4.4 Trinh bay:

2.4.5 Chinh ta, ngu phap:

3 Danh gia, xep loai:

TOM TAT KHOA LUAN

De tai nghien cuu nay duoc chung toi tien hanh thuc hien trong ba phan la: phan

mo dau, phan noi dung va phan ket luan.

+ 0 phan mo dau trong luan van, chu yeu noi ve li do chon de tai, muc tieunghien cuu, lich su van de pham vi nghien cuu cung nhu phuong huong va phuong

phap nghien cuu.

+ Ve phan noi dung, day la phan quan trong nhat ma de tai huong den (3 phan

nay, duoc chung toi tien hanh trong ba chuong:

- Chuong 1: Dua ra cac khai niem, gioi thuyet ve ca dao, ca dao Nam bo va ca

dao Nam bo ve Hch sir.

- Chuong 2: Lam ro ve noi dung va nghe thuat ciia nhirng bai ca dao Nam bonoi ve lich su Cu the la ve noi dung ciia nhirng bai ca ay, chung toi tien hanh dao saunham tim hieu sir phan anh, d6ng thai dua ra nhung nhan xet, danh gia qua sir phan anh

cua chiing Ve nghe thuat, chi ra nhirng dac diem nghe thuat tieu bieu nhat co o nhirngbai ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir.

+ Phan ket luan la phan due ket, he thong lai nhirng van de da duoc tien hanh

nghien cuu Qua do, dua ra nhung kho khan, tro ngai trong khi nghien cuu va nhirng y

kien, de xuat de cho viec nghien cuu sau nay duoc thuan loi hon.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

1.1 Cadao, ca dao Nam bo va ca dao Nam bo ve lich su 5

2.1 Cadao Nam bg ve lich sir khai pha vung dat Nam bo ' 23

CHUONG 3: NGHE THUAT TRONG CA DAO NAMB0"\ti LICH SIJ 49

3.1 The tho trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su ' ' 49

3.2.1 Dae diem cua ket cau ca dao Nam bo ve lich su 523.2.2 Mot so bien phap ket cau co ban ciia ca dao Nam bo ve lich su 53

3.3 Hinh anh, ngon ngu ciia ca dao Nam bo ve lich su 55

3.4 Thoi gian va khong gian nghe thuat trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su 663.4.1 Thoi gian nghe thuat trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su 67

3.4.2 Khong gian nghe thuat trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir 69

TAl LIEU THAM khAo ^'^ZZZZZ'Z'^ZZ^ZZ' 74

GVHD: Tran Van Nam V1 SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai

1 Li do chon de tai

Nam bg la vung dat cua nhung con nguoi anh hung, trai qua nhung bien dong

gay go ciia lich sir, co luc phai dung trudc nhirng bo vuc song con cua cac cuoc xamluge, vay ma vung dat ay van dung hien ngang, sung sung, tham chi no con ngay cang phat trien Lam dirge dieu do, tat ca la nho cong sue, xuong mau cua cha ong chung ta

ma nen Sinh ra va Ion len o vung dat nay, toi lay lam hanh dien va rat doi tu hao.

Ngay tu khi mdi lot long, toi da som tiep thu nhirng bai ca dao qua nhung loi runggt ngao ciia me, moi khi vao giac ngu Nhirng bai ca ay doi voi toi, no khong chi nhu

la nhung vien thuoc ngii giup toi vao mong dep, ma no con nhu la mon an tinh than voi

phan loi bai ca dao la com, nhirng gigng dieu hat ru nggt ngao ciia me nhu la thit denuoi tarn hon toi khon Ion tung ngay Khi Ion len, den tuoi di hgc, toi vao cap mot, cap

hai, cap ba roi hgc dai hgc, toi cang co nhieu dieu kien de tiep xuc cung nhu co mot sokien thuc de hieu ca dao hon.

Tu nhirng kien thuc gat hai dugc trong qua trinh hgc tap va trong cuoc song, voi

mong muon co nhung dong gop cho chinh que huong cua minh, toi da manh dang tienhanh nghien cuu, tim hieu nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo ve lich su Dl qua do, hieu sau

hon ve nhirng cai hay, cai dep co 6 nhung bai ca nay cung nhu ve dep ve lich su cua

Nam bo dugc ca dao phan anh.

Mat khac, de giup minh hieu sau hon Hch su coi nguon ve vung dat ma minhsinh song, tranh tinh trang "dan ta khong biet su ta", thi viec tim hieu "Ca dao Nam bo

ve lich su" la rat can thiet doi voi toi va cung nhu can thiet d6i voi tat ca mgi nguoi

No se la hanh trang quan trgng giup ta vung long khi phai luon duong dau voi cuoc

song day kho khan, thu thach.

2 Muc tieu nghien ciiu

Khi chgn de tai nay, chung toi mong muon va co gang dat dugc nhung muc dich

yeu cau sau:

- Tim hieu ve vung dat Nam bo - noi hinh thanh va truyen luu nhung bai ca dao

noi ve nguon goc hinh thanh, phat trien cung nhung nhan vat, sir kien quan trgng oNam bo De thuc hien muc dich nay, chung toi da tiep can nhung tai lieu co lien quan

ve lich sir, dia li, van hoa - xa hoi o Nam bo.

- Tien hanh lam ro gia tri noi dung va gia tri nghe thuat co ban va tieu bieu nhat

co o ca dao Nam bo ve lich su qua cac phuong phap nghien cuu.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

3 Ljch sir van de

Ca dao Nam bg noi chung da co rat nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu voi nhieu de tai

khac nhau Tuy nhien noi ve de tai "Ca dao Nam bo ve lich su" thi rat it cong trinh noi

den Khi nghien cuu nhirng cong trinh noi ve Hch su trong ca dao Nam bo ay, chung toi

thay o mot so cong trinh tieu bieu co nhung dieTn nhu sau:

- Khi soan quyen Viet Nam phong su; Nguyen Van Mai da trinh bay trong bai

"Tua" quan diem cua minh ve y nghTa phan anh lich su ciia ca dao dan ca Viet Nam

nhu sau: "Phong la cai gi? La tho o trong ca dao dan toe vay Su la cai gi? La cai

guong de khen che khuyen trung viec thj phi thien ac vay" "Quoc su" chinh la lich Sudan toe, o day quan niem ciia Nguyen Van Mai cung nhu cac nha nho truoc do, thuong cho "Quoc su" la lich sir cua cac nhan vat va cac sir kien quan trgng xay ra trong cac

trieu dai phong kien ma khi ghi chep lai cac nha viet su phong kien thuong nhan manh

y nghTa "khen che khuyen trung viec thi phi thien ac" Nhu vay, noi den sir phan anh

Hch sir dan toe cua ca dao dan ca, theo Nguyen van Mai chu yeu la su phan anh nhirng

nhan vat va nhirng su kien quan trgng trong lich su dan toe Diing la co nhung bai ca

dao dan ca phan anh Hch su dan toe hieu theo khia canh do Va Nguyen van Mai dasoan quyen "Viet Nam phong sir" trong muc dich tap hgp nhung cau ca dao phan anh

Hch sir dan toe theo khia canh do Dua vao mot so phuong phap bien soan co phan chu

quan ma ong da co noi ro trong bai "Tua", Nguyen Van Mai da co gang cac cau ca dao

vao tung thoi ki lich sir, tung sir kien va nhan vat lich su tu thoi kinh Duong Vuong

cho den thoi nha Nguyen.

Trong nhung cau ca dao dugc Nguyen Van Mai giai thich nhu sir phan anh cua

nhung sir kien nhat dinh, thuc ra co nhieu cau chi la do lien tuong xa xoi, khong co co

so chac chan Sir lien tuong nay thuong xuat phat tu sir tuong ung ngau nhien giua

hinh anh ciia cau ca dao voi mot sir kien lich su nao do Cho nen, co nhieu cau chi noi

ve sir viec va hien tugng ph6 bien trong doi s6ng thi lai dugc soan gia gan cho mot ynghTa lich su Voi phuong phap xac dinh noi dung cua ca dao thieu co so khoa hgc nhu

vay, nguoi ta co the gan ghep cho cung mot cau ca dao voi nhieu noi dung lich su khac

nhau ma khong phan biet noi dau la diing, dau la sai.

- Quyen Van hoc dan gian Viet Nam ciia Dinh Gia Khanh, Chu Xuan Dien va

Vo Quang Nhon, co de cap den van de ca dao ljch su, giai thich ro the nao la mot bai

ca dao co noi dung lich sir dung nghTa Tren co so do, cong trinh da tien hanh cac hoatdong phan tich, tong hop de giup cho nguoi dgc thay dugc nhung gia tri ma ca dao veHch sir phan anh Tuy nhien, viec dao sau vao nhirng bai ca dao ay con nhieu han che

Va mot trong nhung han che Ion cua quyen Van hoc dan gian Viet Nam la, cong trinh

chi noi chung chung ve ca dao Viet Nam co noi dung phan anh lich su, ma chua noi ro

den ca dao Nam bo.

- Den nam 1984, quyen Ca dao dan ca Nam bo dugc xuat ban, do Bao Djnh

Giang, Nguyen Tan Phat, Tran Tan VTnh va Bui Manh Nhj bien soan Cong trinh tiep tuc dao sau them ve viec phan anh Hch su ca ca dao Nam bo, tien hanh lam ro nhirng khia canh ve Hch su trong nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo Nhung that dang tiec, cong trinh

chi dung lai a thoi ki hinh thanh va thoi ki chong phap, con thoi ki chong MT cuu nuoc

ciia ca dao Nam bo, ta chua thay cong trinh de cap den

Thay dugc nhung uu diem va nhung han che cua cac cong trinh tren, o de tai

"Ca dao Nam bo ve Hch su" nay, chung toi tiep tuc tien hanh nghien cuu ve noi dung

cung nhu nghe thuat trong ca dao Nam bo ve Hch su voi hi vgng se khac phuc dugc

nhung nhugc diem ma cac cong trinh tren mac phai, cho ra doi mot cong trinh nghien cuu hoan chinh, dam bao tinh khoa hgc d£ phuc vu cho viec nghien cuu cua cac congtrinh co noi dung lien quan sau nay.

4 Pham vi nghien cuu

- Giai han doi tugng nghien cuu: ddi tugng ngien cuu ciia luan van la nhung bai

ca dao dugc suu tarn a vung dat Nam bo va co noi dung noi ve lich sir Nam bo (chu

yeu trong quyen Ca dao dan ca Nam bo ciia Bao Dinh Giang, Nguyen Tan Phat, Tran

Tan VTnh va Bui Manh Nhj, Nxb Tp.HCM, 1984 Ngoai ra, chiing toi con su dung mot

so quyen noi ve ca dao Nam bo, dugc suu tarn o cac tinh Nam bg nhu Van hoc dan gian Chdu Doc, Van hoc dan gian Bac Lieu, Van hoc dan gian Tien Giang) Ben canh

do, a bai viet nay, trong viec nghien cuu nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo noi true tiep noi ve Hch su (nhin vao ca dao ta biet ro dugc do la thoi ki, giai doan nao), chiing toi con su dung them mot so bai ca dao thuoc nhirng de tai khac nhung co noi dung gian tiep noilen Hch sir (gop phan phan anh thoi ki, giai doan) nham de ho trg, lam ro van de ma ca

dao Nam bg ve lich su true tiep noi den, dong thoi de dam bao tinh khoa hgc

- Giai han pham vi van de: Trong pham vi nghien cuu ciia de tai, chiing toi tien

hanh khao sat nhirng bai ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir Nhirng bai ca nay dugc ra doi, luu

truyen va ton tai gan lien voi cac nhan vat, sir kien xay ra trong hoan canh khong gian,thai gian cu the Tren co so do, chiing toi di sau vao nhirng noi dung va nghe thuat dacsac tieu bieu co a cac bai ca dao Nam bo ve Hch sir - do la nhiem vu trgng tarn ciia detai.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

5 Phuong huong va phirong phap nghien cthi

Khi thuc hien de tai nay, chiing toi sir dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu chii

yeu sau:

- Phuong phap thong ke: Chiing toi tien hanh tim kiem cac tai lieu co lien quan

den de tai dang nghien cuu Sau do tien hanh khao sat, thong ke ve tan so xuat hien cua

doi tugng phan anh, the tho, kieu ket cau, hinh anh trong ca dao De tu do tim ra nhirng hien tugng lap di lap lai, co tinh he thong, nham rut ra cac dac diem n6i bat trong ca

dao nghien cuu nay.

- Phuong phap so sanh: Nghien cuu, tim hieu ca dao Nam bo ve Hch su, chiing

toi dat chung vao boi canh lich su chung ciia ca dao Viet Nam va ca dao Nam bo hay boi canh Hch su a thai ki nay voi thai ki khac de tim ra nhung quy luat khach quan dan

den nhirng diem tuong dong va di biet trong ca dao Nam bo ve lich su.

- Phuong phap phan tich: Trong qua trinh nghien cuu, phuong phap phan tich da

giiip cho viec nghien cuu di sau hon ve cac nguyen nhan van de, dk tu do thay ro noi

dung, cai hay cua nghe thuat trong cac bai ca.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam 4 SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai

NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG

1.1 CA DAO, CA DAO NAM BO VA CA DAO NAM BO VE L|CH SU

1.1.1 Khai niem ca dao, dan ca

"Ca dao" va "dan ca" la hai thuat ngu dugc gioi nghien cuu van hgc va am nhac

dung song hanh voi nhau Song noi dung cua hai thuat ngu, hai khai niem nay (nhat lathuat ngu ca dao) thi lai dugc xac dinh la khong hoan toan giong nhau Tuy theo eachhieu, tuy theo quan diem ciia mgi nguoi ma noi dung cua hai thuat ngu nay dugc trinh

bay tuy theo net nghTa nay hay net nghTa khac.

Ve khai niem dan ca, each hieu tuong doi thong nhat Noi mot each ngan ggn va

don gian, dan ca la nhung bai hat do quan chiing nhan dan sang tac, dien xuong va luutruyen 0 dan ca, yeu to van hgc (loi ca) va am dieu (Ian dieu) cung thi thuc dien

xuong gan bo voi nhau trong mot chinh the thong nhat Co loai dan ca luu hanh chu yeu trong mot vung, mot mien va co quan he mat thiet voi sinh hoat van hoa - tinh than

cua vung dat da san sinh ra no (chang han dan ca Quan hg Bac Ninh, hat dam NgheTTnh ho Dong Thap ), co loai dan ca dugc luu hanh va pho bien rgng rai 6 nhieu noi

Khai niem ca dao (truoc kia ggi la phong dao) cung co nhieu quan niem khac

nhau Theo Duong Quang Ham: "Ca dao (ca: hat, dao: bai hat khong co chuong khuc)

la nhung bai hat ngan luu hanh trong dan gian, thuong ta tinh tinh, phong tuc cua nguoi

binh dan" Nhu vay theo each hieu nay thi ca dao va dan ca dong nghTa voi nhau,

chiing khong co ranh gioi phan biet Phai chang tu khi moi khoi sinh the loai, cac tacgia dan gian chi dung ca dao de hat nen thuat ngu ca dao moi dugc xac dinh la "nhung

bai hat ngan".

Thuat ngu ca dao dugc su dung rgng rai o nude ta tu dau the ki XX Nhung viec

xac dinh noi ham ciia no o cac nha nghien cuu, suu tarn, bien soan sach van hoc dan

gian nhung thap nien sau nay lai them noi dung moi, each hi6u moi.

Ngoai y kien dong nhat ca dao voi dan ca, hoac dung luon ca thuat ngu kep "ca

dao dan ca", con co hai huong y kien sau day:

- Ca dao co truyen chinh la phan loi ciia dan ca.

- Ca dao khong phai la toan bo phan ngon ngu cua cac bai hat dan gian, ma lanhung cau mang tinh chat tru tinh dam da nhat va sang tac theo mot phong each rieng

Neu xet kT tu hai huong y kien tren ta thay hoac phiem dien, chua day dii, hoac

co cho con mo ho, thieu tinh xac djnh Khai niem ca dao can phai dugc hieu mot each

trgn ven hon, cu the hon.

m-Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic

Vao thoi xa xua, de phuc vu cho sinh hoat van nghe, cac van nghe sT dan gian da

sang tac ra cac bai hat ngan da hat Nhirng bai hat do gom hai phan: loi ca va Ian dieu.

Dan dan theo thoi gian nhirng bai hat ay ngay cang phat trien manh lam cho loi bai hat

ciia no da tro thanh the tho Cac the he tiep theo, dua vao phong each, cau tao ciia thi

tho nay ma da dat them nhung loi ca moi, hoac de hat theo Ian dieu co san va nhirng

Ian dieu moi sang tac, hoac la de ngam, dk dgc Mot so tac pham ciia mot so nha tho,

nha van do sir dung phong each sang tac dan gian nen cung da di vao doi song dan gian

va cung tro thanh ca dao Do do, khai niem ca dao cung da mang mot noi dung moi

khong dong nhat voi dan ca nua.

Nhu vay: Ca dao la mot the loai cua van hoc dan gian, duoc tac gia dan gian sang tac va phat trien tren ca so cua nghe thuat ngon tu: No Id phan lai 6n dinh co

phong each dugc rut ra tic dan ca.

1.1.2 Ca dao Nam bo

Gioi thuyet: Ca dao Nam bo la ca dao dugc hinh thanh va phat triin a vung dat

Nam bo tren ca sophan anh nhung sir vat, su kien, con nguoi a noi nay va no mang

dau an rieng co a Nam bo.

1.1.3 Ca dao Nam bo ve ljch sir

Ca dao Hch su la nhung cau va nhirng bai ca ngan lay de tai tu nhung sir kien

Hch sir Nhung bien co Hch sir dugc ghi lai trong ca dao lich su la nhung bien c6 it

nhieu co anh huong den doi song nhan dan duong thoi Mac du chua xac djnh dugc ro

rang cau nao la dugc sang tac trong bien co lich su dang xay ra, cau nao la dugc sang

tac sau khi bien co da xay ra hay xay ra da lau, nhung noi dung cua ca dao lich su noichung da phan anh dugc nhung sir kien ciia lich su dan toe.

Ca dao Nam Bo ve lich sir do la cac cau ca dao con giu lai dugc nhung danh tu

rieng chi ten nguoi, ten dat, ten trieu dai, hay nhung bai ca phan anh nhung dac diem

rieng biet co the nhan ra ngay dugc ciia mot giai doan lich sir nhat dinh nao do.

Tu nhung tieu chi do co the hieu ca dao Nam bo ve Hch su nhu sau:

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic la mot khia canh ciia ca dao Nam bo, chuyen phan anh nhung con nguoi, nhung bien co, su kien lich sir xay ra a Nam bo.

1.2 SO LUOC VE LICH SU NAM BO

0 phan so luge ve lich sir Nam bg nay dugc chiing toi nghien cuu, tim hieu chii yeu trong hai cong trinh chinh la quyen Viet Nam su luge cua Tran Trgng Kim do nha

xuat ban Thoi dai xuat ban nam 2010 va quyen Sach giao khoa Ljch su - lop 9 ciia

Phan Nggc Lien (chii bien) do nha xuat ban Giao due Viet Nam xuat ban nam 2011 Tu

nhung nguon tai lieu tren, chiing toi tien hanh torn tac nhirng sir kien quan trgng nhat

va trinh bay ngan ggn lai, de khi nhin vao, mgi nguoi co the de dang nam ro Hch suNam bo cung nhu nam ro nhung van de se dugc trinh bay d cac phan sau.

Nhu chiing ta biet Nam bo ngay nay la mot trong ba vung chinh cua lanh thoViet Nam (gom Bac bo, Trung bo va Nam bo), la khu vuc co vj tri nam 6 phia Nam

ciia to quoc, phia Tay giap voi vinh Thai Lan, phia Dong va Dong Nam bo giap bienDong, phia Bac va Tay Bac giap Campuchia va mot phan phia Tay Bac giap Nam

Trung bo Voi dja hinh toan vung kha bang phang, khi hau quanh nam co hai mua kho

va mua mua la chii yeu (mua mua tu thang 5 den thang 11, mua kho tu thang 12 den

thang 4) cong voi he thong song ngoi day dac (co hai he thong song Ion nhat trongvung la song Dong Nai va song Ciiu Long) da giup cho Nam bo co nhieu thuan lgi

trong nhieu lTnh vuc Nhat la ve lmh vuc nong nghiep ma dang chu y hon ca la viec

trong liia nude Tu do ma vung dat moi nay da tung buoc khang dinh ve vi the va vai

tro ciia minh tren nhieu mat: kinh te, khoa hgc - kT thuat, giao due, y te cho den vanhoa.

The nhung, vung dat Nam bo giau dep ngay nay truoc day la vung dat hoang so

chim trong sinh lay, rung ram hang ngan nam sau khi de quoc Phu Nam tan ra vao the

ki VI do nhieu bien dong tu nhien Nhieu the ki troi qua, vung dat nay van ngu yen ma

khong chut khoi sac Nguyen nhan la do nguoi ban dia (chii yeu la nguoi Cham va

nguoi Khmer) o day qua thua that, lai lac hau ve khoa hgc kT thuat Mai den dau the ki

XVII, cu dan Viet tu Dang Trong, mien Trung roi den mien Bac vao noi day lap

nghiep ngay mot dong Tu the ki XVII, chua Nguyen - nguoi bao ho qua trinh khai pha

va thiet lap chii quyen o Nam bo da to chuc cac don vj hanh chinh, sap dat cac quan caitri, lap so sach quan li dan dinh, ruong dat va dinh ra cac loai thue Chua Nguyen con

mo dan tu nhieu noi ve sinh song Trong do chiia Nguyen tiep nhan mot doan nguoi

Hoa den quy thuan, cho hg den khai pha va dinh cu (chu yeu la nhung trung than cuanha Minh, am muu chong lai nha Thanh nhu Mac Cuu, Duong Ngan Dich, Tran

Thuong Xuyen ) Nhu vay khoang mot the ki troi qua thi Nam bo buoc dau dugc

djnh hinh, voi nhung dang ve gan giong nhu ngay horn nay

Tu cac dan toe, cac lop nguoi khac nhau den day chung song, mgi nguoi da

doan ket bat tay xay dung Nam bo Tu do ma da dien ra qua trinh giao luu van hoa

vung mien mang nhung net dac thu va nhirng dien mao moi doi voi cac vung van hoa

khac 6* Viet Nam.

Nam 1698, Phii Gia Djnh (tuc Nam bo ngay nay) dugc thanh lap gom hai dinh

Tran Bien (Bien Hoa) va Phien Tran (Gia Dinh) Nam 1802, Trieu Nguyen (vua Gia

Long) dugc thanh lap, tiep tuc cac sir nghiep ciia cac chua Nguyen; hoan thien he thong

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

hanh chinh va thong nhat quan li toan ven lanh tho Nam 1836, vua Minh Mang cho lap

so dja ba toan bo luc tinh Nam Ki Dudi thoi vua Minh Mang nam 1832, vung dat Nam

bo dugc chia thanh sau tinh nen cd ten la Nam ki luc tinh (Hay Luc tinh Nam ki) gom:Phien An (nam 1836 ddi thanh Gia Dinh), Bien Hoa, Dinh Tuong, VTnh long, An

Giang, Ha Tien Va Nam bo buoc dau dugc xay dung cac he thong don luy tran thu

dgc bien gioi de bao ve chii quyen quoc gia tren vung dat Nam bo

Tu nam Tu Due thu 4 (1851), ddi song nhan dan het sue kho khan Trong khi

do, mot so nha thuong gia va cac giao sT tu cac nude phuong Tay den Viet Nam de

giao luu buon ban, truyen giao Tuy nhien, do khu khu giu lay nhirng thoi cu, khong

biet theo thdi ma md cua cho hg vao buon ban de phat trien dat nude, khai hoa dan tri,

giiip cho nhan dan song am no tien bo, vua va cac quan lai da cam doan khong cho cactau thuong gia nude ngoai cap ben, bat toi nhirng nguoi di giang dao va nhung nguoi

theo dao, dua ra nhung to du cam dao Bdi nhirng loi lam ay da lam cai cd cho nude

Phap dung binh lire de danh chiem nude ta.

Theo Viet Nam sic luge ciia Tran Trgng Kim, thang 7 nam Mau Ngg (1858) la

nam Tu Due thu 11, trung tudng hai quan nude Phap la Rigault de Genouilli da man

lenh Phap hoang dem tau Phap va tau I-pha-nho (Tay Ban Nha) ca thay 14 chiec, cho

hon 3.000 quan cua hai nude (Phap va Tay Ban Nha) vao cua Da Nang, ban pha cac

don luy, roi len ha thanh An Hai va thanh Ton Hai.

Khi hay tin Phap danh chiem Da NEng, Trieu dinh lien sai quan Hun quan Le

Dinh Li lam tong doc dem 2.000 cam binh vao an ngu Sau cuoc chien khoc Het d xa

Cam Le Le Dinh Li bj thuong nang roi mat Trieu dinh tiep tuc sai quan Kinh luge su

la Nguyen Tri Phuong vao lam Tong d6c, ong Chu Phuc Minh lam De doc cung vdi

ong Dao Tri chong giu vdi quan Phap va quan I-pha-nho Nguyen Tri Phuong cho

quan lap don dien Lien Tri va cho dap IQy dai tir Hai Chau cho den Phuc Ninh, roi chia

quan ra phong giu Sau khi chiem Da Nang xong, djnh tien len danh Hul nhung thay

quan linh nude ta canh giu nghiem ngat, lai khong thong thuoc duong sa, cho nen ben

phia Phap khong dam tien cong len Hue ma quay lai danh chiem Gia Dinh - mot noi tru

phii ciia nude Nam.

Den thang gieng nam Ki Mui (1859) la nam Tu Due thu 12, trung tudng Rigault

de Genouilli cho mot so tudng sT d lai giu cac don dien tai Da NEng, con bao nhieu

binh thuyen dem vao Nam Ki Den cua Can Gid, hEn cho linh bEn pha cac phao dai d

hai ben bo song Dong Nai, roi tien len danh thanh Gia Dinh.

O Gia Dinh, do viec binh tran it dugc tap luyen, cho nen khi quan Phap danh

den ciia Can Gid, binh sT chong tra rat yeu dt Thay tinh the bat lgi, quan Hg doc la Vu

Duy Ninh voi vang tim binh ve cuu vien nhung cung chEng chdng cu noi Dugc haingay thi thanh vo Vu Duy Ninh tu tu Quan phap va quan I-pha-nho chiem thanh, thu

dugc nhieu vu khi, luong thuc

Sau chien thang d Gia Djnh, quan Phap tro ra Da NEng, danh don Phuc Ninh.

Quan phia Nguyen Tri Phuong phai lui ve giu don Nai Hien va don Lien Tri de tranthu Trudc tinh the chien thEng, tudng Phap la Rigault de Genouilli muon giang hoa (vi

nhieu nguyen nhan, trong do mot nguyen nhan quan trgng la quan Phap d Da NEngkhong quen khi hau noi day) nhung trieu dinh cu day dua, nguoi thi ban danh, nguoi

thi ban hoa, thanh ra viec giang hoa khong xong.

Den thang mudi nam Ki Mui (1859), thieu tudng hai quan Phap la Page (Ba du) den Nam bo, cho nguoi dua thu ban viec hoa, chi cot xin dung cam dao, de cho cac

-giao sT dugc tu do giang dao, dat lanh sir coi viec buon ban d cac cua be va dat su than

d Hue Nhung trieu dinh luc bay gid khong ai hieu chinh sach ngoai giao Cho nen tiep

tuc lam mat di dip hay cho ca hai nude.

Khi quan Phap va quan I-pha-nho sang danh nude ta d Da NEng va d Gia Dinh.

Thi quan nude Anh va quan nude Phap dang danh nude Tau d man Hoang Hai De

dam bao lire lugng cho cuoc chien, chinh phu Phap truyen lenh rut quan d Da NEng ve,

va chi de quan giu lay Gia Dinh, con bao nhieu thi dem sang danh nude Tau Cho nen

quan Phap va quan I-pha-nho d Sai Gdn luc bay gid chi cd khoang 1.000 nguoi ma

quan ciia Viet Nam thi cd den hon mot van nguoi Tuy nhien ve kT thuat quan sir cung

nhu vu khi ciia quan ta khong the nao djch n6i Thay dugc dieu do Nguyen Tri Phuong

cung quan Tham tan dai thEn Pham The Hien cho xay dEp don Ki Hoa (nguoi Phap ggi

don ay la don Chi Hoa)

Den thang 9 nam Nham Than (1860), nha Thanh ben Tau ki Hoa udc vdi nude

Anh va nude Phap bai bd chien sir Hoa udc do da giup Phap doc toan lire lugng danhchiem Nam Ki Thang gieng nam Tan Dau (1861), trung tudng Charner dem ca thay 70

chiec tau va 3.500 quan bo keo den Gia Dinh, danh don Ki Hoa Hai ben danh nhau rat

du doi trong hai ngay Do vu khi cua dich qua manh, quan ta danh nit ve don Bien

Hoa Ket qua tran chien, quan Phap chet hon 300 nguoi, thieu tudng luc quan Vasoigneciia Phap, dai ta cua quan I-pha-nho deu bj thuong Phia ta, Nguyen Tri Phuong bj

thuong, Nguyen Duy (em trai ciia Nguyen Tri Phuong) tu tran, quan Tham tan Pham The Hien bj thuong ve tdi Bien Hoa khong dugc bao lau thi mat.

Pha dugc don Ki Hoa roi, quan Phap tien hanh chiem lay Thu Dau Mot va TayNinh Bay gid bai quan ciia Nguyen Tri Phuong rut ve dong d Bien Hoa Thay vay,

quan Phap ben quay ve phia Tay danh tinh Djnh Tudng Mot mat quan Phap dem tau di

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

duong song, tien len danh cac don, mot mat thi cho quan di duong bien, theo cua song

Me Kong danh vao, hai mat cung tien len danh lay MT Tho Quan Ho doc la NguyenCong Nhan phai bd thanh chay.

Tu khi ha thanh MT Tho roi, quan Phap dat ddn luy vao nhirng noi hiem yeu,

trien khai dan ap cac phong trao n6i day dau tranh cua nghTa quan Tri huyen Toai, phd

Quan co Truong Djnh, Thien Ho Duong va chiing cd y djnh hoan binh de sua sang

viec cai trj trong hat dja da lay dugc.

Thang 10 nam Tan Dau (1861), chinh phii Phap sai thieu tudng hai quan Bonardsang thay cho trung tudng Charner ve nghi Thieu tudng Bonard thay quan quan tachong giu mai, ben quyet djnh lay tinh Bien Hoa va tinh VTnh Long Den thang 11 nam

ay, quan Phap chia lam bang 3 dao, cung tien len danh chiem thanh Bien Hoa, roi tien

len mat Dong Nam danh lay don Ba Rja Thang 3 nam Nham Tuat (1862), quan Phap

dem 11 chiec tau va hon 1.000 quan di danh VTnh Long Sau hai ngay thi thanh VTnhLong bj pha Tong doc Truong Van Uyen phai dem quan lui ve phia Tay song Me

Kong.

Luc bay gid d ngoai BEc ki cd nhieu ten giac cd gay roi, ma trong Nam ki quanPhap cu danh chiem mai, trieu dinh lay lam lo so, ben sai Phan Thanh Gian va Lam

Duy Tiep vao Gia Djnh giang hoa.

Den thang 4 thi su than nude ta theo chiec tau Forbin vao Sai Gdn Den ngay 9

thang 5 thi thieu tudng Bonard va su* than nude Nam ta la Phan Thanh Gian va Lam

Duy Tiep ki to hoa udc To hoa udc ay cd 12 khoan Trong do cd nhung khoan quantrong sau:

kil Nude Nam phai de cho giao sT nude Phap va nude I-pha-nho dugc tu* do vao giang

dao va de nguoi dan tu do theo dao.

2 Nude Nam phai nhudng dirt cho nude Phap tinh bien Hoa, tinh Gia Djnh va tinh

Djnh Tudng, va phai de cho chien thuyen cua Phap dugc ra vao tu* do d song Me

Kong.

3 Nude Nam khong dugc dem binh khi, thudc dan di qua nhung tinh da nhudng cho

Nude Phap.

4 He nude Nam cd giao thiep vdi nude nao khac thi phai cho chinh phu Phap biet, va

khi nao muon nhudng dat cho nude nao thi phai tuy y nude Phap cd thuan cho moi

dugc.

5 Nguoi nude Phap va nude I-pha-nho dugc ra vao buon ban tu do d cua Da NEng,

cua Ba Lat va cua be d Quang Yen.

6 Nude Nam phai tra tien binh phi 4.000.000 nguyen cho Phap, chia lam mudi nam.

Moi nam 40 van nguyen.

7 Nude Phap tra tinh VTnh Long lai cho Nude Nam, nhung quan Phap cu dong d tinh

lj cho den khi dep yen giac gia d tinh Gia Dinh va tinh Djnh Tudng mdi rut ve."[5,

tr.448]

Sau khi hoa giang xong, trieu dinh sai ong Phan Thanh Gian lam Tong doc tinhVTnh Long, ong Lam Duy Tiep lam tuan phii Khanh Thuan, de giao thiep vdi cac quannude Phap d Gia Djnh.

Bay gid nude I-pha-nho truyen lenh rut quan, nhudng quyen lay dat lam thuocdja cho nude Phap, chi nhan tien binh phi va quyen dugc cho cac giao sT di giang dao

ma thoi.

Thang 2 nam Qui Hgi (1863) la nam Tu Due thu 16, thieu tudng Bonard va dai

ta nude I-pha-nho la Palanca vao Hue trieu yet kien vua Due Tong de cong nhan sir

giang hoa ciia ba nude Tuy the bat dEc dT phai nhudng ba tinh Nam Ki cho nude Phap,

nhung luc nao vua Due Tong van muon co het sue dk chuoc lai, vi dat Gia Djnh la dat

khai nghiep cua nha Nguyen va lai la dat que ngoai cua ngai, nen hoa udc da ki roi mangai van sai quan thuong nghj vdi quan nude Phap ve viec chuoc lai dat Ma chii y

nguoi nude Phap luc bay gid thi khong chi giu lay ba tinh Nam ki ma con djnh md rong them dien tich chiem lmh nua Thay viec nay ban khong xong, ben sai quan hiep

bien dai hgc sT Phan Thanh Gian, quan ta tham tri Lai bg Pham Phu Thu va quan an sat

su tinh Quang Nam la Nguy KhEc Dan dem pham vat sang su nude Phap va nude

I-pha-nho Con viec giao thiep d trong Nam ki thi giao lai cho quan tong doc tinh VTnh

Long la Truong Van Uyen.

Trudc viec tau bay muon chuoc lai dat cua su than Nude Nam, chinh phu Phap

liic bay gid lay lam phan van, chua quyet hEn lay hay la tra dat Nam ki, ma Phap hoang

thi ngai duong sa xa xdi, ben sai trung ta hai quan Aubaret (Ha ba li) sang dieu dinhvdi trieu dinh d Hue ve viec cho chuoc lai ba tinh Nam ki.

Vua Due Tong lai sai quan Lai bo thugng thu la ong Phan Thanh Gian ra sung chiic toan quyen cung vdi Tran Tiln Thanh va Phan Huy Vjnh de thuong nghj vdi su

than nude Phap Ong Aubaret dua ban thao to hoa udc vdi noi dung chinh la: Nude

Phap tra lai ba tinh Gia Dinh, Bien Hoa va Djnh Tudng cho nude Nam, chi giu Sai Gdn, MT Tho va Thii Dau Mot de dong quan Nhung nude Nam phai de nude Phap

dugc quyen bao hg ca sau tinh Nam ki, Nude Nam lai phai chju moi nam la 2.000.000

nguyen tien thue.

GVHD: Tran Van Nam L^fiLnOCVO TROONCj TOfiN SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Su than cua hai nude cu ban di ban mai van khong xong, ma d ben Phap thi cd nhieu nguoi khong muon tra lai dat Nam ki Cuoi nam Giap Ti (1864) bo truong bo Hai quan la hau tudc Dechasseloup Laubat dang so tau vdi Phap hoang nhat djnh

khong cho nude Nam chuoc lai ba tinh Phap hoang nghe loi ay ben xuong chi truyen

cu chieu to hoa udc nam Nham Tuat (1862) ma thi hanh.

Nam At Suu (1865) bo trudng Dechasseloup Laubat trieu tap thieu tudng De la

Grandiere dang dNam ki ve nude, cot la muon biet ro tinh the ben Viet Nam luc nay ra

sao Khi hay viec cai trj d ba tinh Nam ki cua Phap da thanh nep roi, Chinh phu Phap quyet y lay not ba tinh phia Tay Nam ki, sura soan binh linh chuEn bj tien cong lay tinh

VTnh Long, tinh An Giang va tinh Ha Tien.

0 Hue, tuy trieu dinh biet ro tham vong ciia Phap, nhung cu mong chuoc lai dat

ba tinh phia Tay, cho nen nam Binh Dan (1866) lai sai ong Phan Thanh Gian vao lam

kinh luge su den tim ke chong giu.

Thang 6 nam Dinh Mao (1867) la nam Tu Due thu 20, quan Phap trieu tap hon1.000 quan d MT Tho, roi djnh ngay keo sang lay VTnh Long, An Giang va Ha Tien.Phan Thanh Gian biet the khong chong noi, bao cac quan danh chju nop thanh tri cho

khoi sir tai hai, roi ong uong thuoc doc tu tu.

Tu do trd di, dat Nam ki trd thanh thuoc dja cua Phap, thue ma, luat le, dieu gicung do siiy phu Sai Gdn quyet djnh ca.

Sau khi chien tranh the gioi thu nhat ket thuc (1914 - 1918), quan Phap tuy

thang tran, nhung ne kinh te nude nay bj tan pha nang ne Trong khi do tu ban doc

quyen Phap vua tang cudng bde lot nhan dan lao dong trong nude, vua dEy manh khai

thac thuoc dja de bu dap nhirng thiet hai do chien tranh gay ra Lam cho ddi song cacnude thuoc dja vd cung khd khan, trong do cd Viet Nam.

0 Nam bo, Phap tang cudng dau tu vao cac lmh vuc ndng nghiep (chii yeu ladon dien cao su), cong nghiep (mo nha may sgi Nam Djnh, nha may rugu Nam Djnh,

nha may xay xat gao Chg Ldn ) va khai thac khoang san (chii yeu la md than) Day la

nhung ITnh vuc cung cap nhung mat hang ma nude Phap va the gioi cd nhu cau ldn

Chinh sach khai thac thuoc dja ciia Phap van khong thay doi: han che cong

nghiep phat trien, dac biet la cong nghiep nang; tang cudng thu doan bde lot, va vettien ciia ciia nhan dan ta bang each danh thue nang (thue ruong, thue dat, the than, thue

rugu thue mudi ).

Tu sau chien tranh the gidi thu nhat, chinh sach boc lot cua bgn thuc dan Phap d

Viet Nam noi chung va d Nam bo noi rieng ngay cang da man, cho nen cac phong traodan toe, dan chii d Nam bo phat trien manh me, thu hut dugc nhieu tang lop tham gia

vdi nhieu hinh thuc phong phu va sdi ndi, nhat la d Sai Gdn Giai cap tu san dan toenhan da lam an thuan lai sau chien tranh, ho da phat dong cac phong trao chan hungnoi hoa, bay tru ngoai hoa (1919), dau tranh chong doc quyen cang Sai Gdn va doc

quyen xuat khau liia gao Nam ki cua tu ban Phap (1923) Giai cap tu san con dung ca

bao chi de benh vuc quyen lai cho minh Mot so tu san va dja chu ldn d Nam ki (dai

bieu la Bui Quang Chieu, Nguyen Phan Long ) con thanh lap ra Dang lap hien de tap hgp lire lugng, dua ra mot so khEu hieu ddi tu do, dan chii de tranh thu sir ung ho ciiaquan chung nhan dan gay ap luc vdi thuc dan Phap

Nam 1920, d Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn, Ton Due ThEng (ngudi thg may tung tham gia

vu binh bien tren tau Phap d Bien Den de phan doi de quoc Phap can thiep vao nude

Nga X6 viet) da bi mat thanh lap Cong hoi.

Tu cuoc dau tranh ciia cong nhan vien chuc cac so cong thuong ciia tu ban Phap

d Bac ki, da dan den nhieu cuoc bai cong ciia cac cong nhan nha may det, nha may rugu, nha may xay xat gao d Nam Djnh Quan trgng han la cuoc bai cong ciia thg may

xirdng Ba Son (xudng sua chua va dong tau cho hai quan Phap) d cang Sai Gdn vdi

muc dich ngan can tau chien Phap chd linh sang tham gia dan ap phong trao dau tranh

each mang cua nhan dan va thiiy thu Trung Quoc (8 - 1925)

Cuoc bai cong ciia thg may Ba Son thEng lai, da danh dau mot budc tien mdi

cua phong trao cong nhan Viet Nam - giai cap cong nhan nude ta tu day budc dau di

vao dau tranh cd to chuc va co muc dich chinh trj ro rang

Trong hai nam 1926 - 1927, lien tiep bung no nhieu cuoc bai cong ciia cong nhan, vien chuc, hoc sinh hgc nghe Ldn nhat la cuoc bai cong ciia cong nhan nha may

sai Nam Djnh, cong nhan hai don dien cao su Cam Tien (nay thuoc Dong Nai), Phu

Rieng (nay thuoc tinh Binh Phudc), nha may Ba Son.

Tu nam 1928 den dau nam 1929, phong trao dan toe va dan chii theo con duongeach mang vd san d nude ta dang tren da phat trien manh Trudc tinh hinh do, can phai

cd mot dang cong san de to chire va lanh dao nhan dan, giai cap cong nhan, giai cap

ndng dan cung cac luc lugng yeu nude va each mang khac de dau tranh chong de quoc

va phong kien tay sai, gianh doc tu do.

Tai dai hoi Ian thu nhat cua Hoi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien (5 - 1929),khi kien nghj thanh lap Dang Cong san khong dugc chap nhan, doan dai bieu BEc ki bd

ve va quyet djnh thanh lap Dong Duong Cong san dang (6 - 1929) Tiep do d Nam ki

cung quyet djnh thanh lap An Nam Cong san dang (8 - 1929) 6 Trung ki, cac dang

vien tien tien ciia Dang Tan Viet, tu lau chju tac dong cua Hoi Viet Nam Cach mangThanh nien, da quyet djnh li khai de thanh lap Dong Duong Cong san lien doan (9 -

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

1929) Sir ra ddi ciia to chuc An Nam Cong san dang da gdp phan lam cho cac phong trao dau tranh d Nam ki cang them manh me hon Cac phong trao cong nhan ket hop

chat che voi ndng dan chong suu cao thue nang, chong cudp rudng dEt, phong trao bai

khoa ciia hgc sinh, bai thj ciia tieu thuong da tao thanh mot Ian song dau tranh d Nam

ki.

Tuy nhien, do sir hoat dong rieng le ciia cac to chuc Dang, nen cac phong trao

dau tranh chua tao thanh mot khoi ldn de chien thEng ke thu Ngoai ra, sir hoat dong

rieng le ay con cd the dan den nguy co chia re ldn Thay ro dieu do, Nguyen Ai Quocvdi tu each la phai vien ciia Quoc te cong san da tien hanh hgp hgi nghj thong nhat ba

to chuc cong san, thanh lap mot chinh dang duy nhat Cac to chuc cong san Ian lugtnhat tri tan thanh viec thong nhat cac dang va lay ten Dang Cong san Viet Nam (3 - 2 -

1930) Sau dd ddi thanh Dang Cong san Dong Duong (10-1930)

Trong khi do, cuoc khiing hoang kinh te the gidi (1929 - 1933) tu cac nude tu

ban da lang sang cac nude thuoc dja va phu thuoc cua thuc dan Phap Von hoan toan

phu thuoc vao thuc dan Phap Nen kinh te Viet Nam phai chju nhung hau qua nang ne

cua cuoc khiing hoang: ndng nghiep va cong nghiep dieu bj suy sup, xuat nhap khau bj

dinh don, hang hda khan hiem, gia ca dEt do.

Nhan dan lao dong Nam ki - dac biet la ndng dan va cong nhan, phai ganh chju

nhieu tac hai nhat Cong nhan khong cd viec lam, nguoi that nghiep ngay mot dong,

ngudi di lam thi tien luong giam Nhan dan bj ban cung hda va bj pha san tren pham vi

ldn Cac tang lap tieu tu san thanh thj bj dieu dung; cac nghe thu cong bj sa siit nang

ne nha buon nhd phai dong ciia; vien chiic bj sa thay, sinh vien ra truong khong cd

viec lam Mot so dong tu san dan tdc lam vao canh gieo neo, sap tiem, budc phai dong

cua hieu.

Da the, suu thue moi ngay mot tang, han han, bao lut lien tiep xay ra Trong khi

do, thuc dan Phap day manh chinh sach khiing bo trEng hong dap tat cac phong trao

vua bung no.

Tuy vay nhung phong trao dau tranh van len cao Tu thang 2 - 1930, da no ranhieu cuoc bai cong ciia 3.000 cong nhan don dien cao su Phu Rieng Tiep do, trong thang 4 la cac cuoc bai cong ciia ciia 4.000 cong nhan nha may sai Nam Djnh, bai cong

cua cong nhan hang dau Nha Be (Sai Gdn), d6n dien cao su Dau Tieng Mot (nay thuoc

tinh Binh Duong) Phong trao dau tranh d Nam ki dac biet manh me tu thang 5 Nhanngay Quoc te lao dong (1 - 5 - 1930), tu thanh thj den ndng thon, da xuat hien truyen

don, cd Dang, mit tinh, bai cong, bieu tinh, tuan hanh cac cuoc dau tranh cua cong

nhan trong cac xi nghiep Nam Djnh, Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn cac cudc dau tranh cua ndng

dan no ra hau nhu tren khEp cac tinh Nam ki.

Hoang sg trudc nhung phong trao cua quan chiing len cao va trudc sir anh

hudng cua Dang Cong san d Nam ki ngay cang ldn manh, thuc dan Phap tien hanh

cuoc khiing bo cue ki tan bao, ra sue dot pha, triet ha lang mac, dung nhung thu doan

chia re, du dd va mua chuoc Nhieu co quan lanh dao cua Dang d nhieu dja phuong bjpha vd, dang vien va cac chien sT bj bEt, bj tu day hoac bj giet

Tuy nhien, bat chap sir khiing bo danh pha ac Het ciia djch, cac to chuc ciia co

sd Dang d cac dja phuong Nam ki van ton tai va kien tri bam chEc quan chiing de hoat dong, dong thai lai dung cac to chuc cong khai, hop phap ciia ke thu de day manh dau tranh Tai thanh phd Sai Gdn, mot so dang vien cong san da tranh thu cac kha nang dau

tranh hgp phap de tranh cu vao cac hgi dong thanh pho, lai dung dien dan cong khai de

tuyen truyen, cd dong quan chiing theo cac khau hieu cua Dang

Cudi nam 1934 den dau nam 1935, he thong to chuc dang d trong nude noi

chung da dugc khoi phuc Xu uy Nam ki, cac doan the Cong hoi, Ndng hoi va cac to chuc ciia cac lire lugng xa hoi khac cung dugc lap lai KhEp noi d Nam ki, phong trao

da dan dugc phuc hoi Nam 1936, Mat tran nhan dan Phap do Dang cong san Phap

lam ndng cot, thang cu* Nghj vien va len cam quyen Chinh phu Mat tran Nhan danPhap ap dung mot sd chinh sach tu* do dan chu cho cac nude thuoc dja Mot so tu chinhtrj dugc tha ra da nhanh chong tim each ve Nam ki hoat dong trd lai

Den dau nam 1937, nhan djp ddn phia vien Chinh phu Phap va Toan quyen

mdi( ' cua xu Dong Duong, nhieu cudc mit tinh, bilu tinh, dua "dan nguyen'\ da dien

ra Trong dd cong nhan va ndng dan la luc lugng dong dao va hang hai nhat Nam kiLuc nay, nhieu phong trao dau tranh ciia quan chiing vdi cac cudc bai cong, bai thi, baikhoa, mit tinh, bieu tinh da no ra manh me, nhat la cac thanh pho, khu mo va don dien

chiing.

Chinh phu Phap la Go-da va Toan quyen mai la Bre-vi-e.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic

Sau khi Phap dau hang quan Nhat d Lang San (9 - 1940), chiing da md cua choquan Nhat vao de bien Dong Duong thanh thuoc dja va can cu chien tranh cua chiing.Dudi hai ting ap buc, bde lot nang ne ciia Phap - Nhat, ddi song nhan dan Nam

bd bj day tdi tinh trang khd cue, dieu dung.

Tuy bj Nhat uc hiep, tudc doat mgi be, nhung thuc dan Phap van cd nhieu thu

doan gian xao de lam lgi cho chung Chiing thi hanh chinh sach "kinh te chi huy", tang

cac loai thue ma Dac biet khi bj quan Xiem khieu khich va gay xung dot dgc bien gidi

Lao - Campuchia, de chong lai, thuc dan Phap bit binh linh Viet Nam ra tran chet thay

cho chung Tu do lam cho nhan dan Nam ki rat bat binh, dac biet la nhieu binh linh phia Phap dao ngu, hoac bi mat lien lac vdi Dang bd Nam ki.

Trudc viec bat linh, nhan dan bat binh, Dang bd Nam ki da quyet djnh khdi

nghTa tuy chua cd sir dong y cua Trung uong Dang Lenh dinh chi viec khdi nghTa cuaTrung uong Dang tu BEc ki dua vao Nam ki do tdi cham, khi den noi thi cudc khdi

nghTa da no ra.

Theo nhu ke hoach da djnh, cudc khdi nghTa da no ra vao dem 22 rang sangngay 23 - 11 - 1940 hau khap cac tinh mien Nam NghTa quan triet ha mot so d6n bot giac Pha nhieu dudng giao thong; thanh lap chinh quyen nhan dan va tda an each

mang d nhieu noi thuoc cac tinh MT Tho, Gia Djnh La cd do sao vang Ian dau xuat

hien trong cudc khdi nghTa nay Do thuc dan Phap dan ap khoc Het, ca sd Dang bj tonthat nang, nhung mot sd nghTa quan da nit vao hoat dong bi mat chd ca hoi hoat dong

trd lai.

Dem 9 - 3 - 1945, Nhat dao chinh lat do Phap tren toan Dong Duong, quan Phap

chong cu rat yeu dt, chi sau mot vai gid da dEu hang Sau khi hat cEng Phap, chinh phu

Nhat tuyen bd se giup do nen doc lap ciia cac dan toe Dong Duong Nhung sau mot

thai gian rat ngan, bo mat gia nhan gia nghTa cua phat xit Nhat va bu nhin tay sai da bj bde tran Nhan dan ta ndi chung va nhan dan Nam bd ndi rieng ngay cang cam thu Nhat va chan ghet bgn bu nhin tay sai ciia chiing.

Chien tranh the gidi thu hai dang den nhung ngay cuoi 0 Chau Au, phat xit

Due da bj danh bai va budc phai dau hang khong dieu kien vao thang 5 - 1945 6 Chau

A, quan phiet Nhat da dau hang quan dong minh khong dieu kien (8 - 1945).

Khi hay tin Nhat dau hang, nhan dan Nam bo da noi len dEu tranh manh me hda

cung khong khi dau tranh chung cua ca nude Gdp phan lam cho ca nude di den thEng

lgi rue rd Ngay 2 - 9 - 1945, thay mat chinh phu lam thai, chii tjch Ho Chi Minh doe

ban tuyen ngon ddc lap khai sinh nude Viet Nam dan chu Cong hoa.

TF

Nhung chi 10 ngay sau Tdng khdi nghTa thang Tarn nam 1945 thanh cong, quan

ddi cua cac nude dong minh, vdi danh nghTa giai giap quan Nhat, da keo vao nude ta

Dugc sir giup do ciia quan ddi Anh, dem 22 rang sang 23 - 9 - 1945, thuc dan

Phap danh up sd Uy ban Nam bd va co quan Tu ve thanh pho Sai Gdn, md dau cho

cuoc chien xam luge nude ta Ian thu hai.

Quan va dan Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn anh dung danh tra quan xam luge bEng moi

hinh thuc va mgi vu khi co dugc, triet nguon tiep te cua djch trong thanh pho, tong bai cong, bai thj, bai khoa, dung chuong ngai vat, va chien luy tren khEp cac duong pho.

Mot sd nha may, kho tang ciia djch d Sai Gdn bj danh pha Dien mxat^hLckt Cac

flj$<feIQ€lh vua capchien sT vu trang ciia ta con dot nhap san bay 1

ben Sai Gon, phakham ldn r«iii*f liipKI I

DEu thang 10 - 1945, tudng La-clec dei| Sai 4<MJi4 nYielwXj bo! binh va

xe bgc thep mdi tu Phap ve tang vien Cd sir ho tra cuaXnhTNhit^ quan Phap pha vdng

vay xung quanh Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn, tien hanh danh chiem cac tinh Nam bo.

Trudc tinh hinh do, Trung uong Dang, Chinh phu va Chu tjch Ho Chi Minhphat dong phong trao ling hd Nam bd khang chien, dong thai tich cue doi phd vdi ammuu cua Phap muon quay trd lai xam luge nude ta Hang van thanh nien no nuc lenduong nhap ngu Nhan dan Bac bo, Trung bd thuong xuyen ung hd tien bac, quEn ao,

thuoc men cho dong bao Nam bd.

Sau khi chiem dong cac dd thj d Nam bo, thuc dan Phap da chuEn bj tien quan

ra mien Bac de thdn tinh nude ta Cung thai gian dd, d mien BEc, bgn Viet Quoc, Viet

Cach dugc quan Tudng sir dung de gay pha hang ngu lanh dao ciia Dang cong san,

chiing ddi ta phai cai to Chinh phii.

De tranh dung do vdi cung mot luc hai ke thu, ta chu dong dam phan vdi Phap,

tarn hda hoan vdi chiing de nhanh chong gat 20 van quan tudng ve nude va tranh thu

thai gian chuan bj luc lugng de budc vao cudc chien tranh vdi Phap sau nay Chu tjch

Hd Chi Minh thay mat cho Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hda ki vdi dai dien

chinh phu Phap la Xanh-to-ni ban Hiep djnh So bd (6 - 3 - 1946) Theo Hiep djnh,Chinh phii Phap cong nhan nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hda la mot quoc gia tu do,

cd chinh phu, nghj vien quan doi va tai chinh rieng nEm trong khoi Lien hiep Phap;

Chinh phii Viet Nam thoa thuan cho 15.000 quan Phap vao mien BEc thay quan tudng

lam nhiem vu giai giap quan ddi Nhat, so quan nay se rut dan trong thai han 5 nam; hai

ben thuc hien ngung bEn ngay d Nam bo, tao khong khi thuan lgi cho viec md cuocdam phan chinh thuc d Pari.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Tuy Hiep djnh So bd da dugc ki ket nhung d Nam bo Phap van tiep tuc gay

xung dot vu trang, lap Chinh phii Nam Ki tu trj, am muu tach Nam bd ra khdi Viet

Nam Quan he Viet - Phap ngay cang cang thEng va cd nguy co xay ra chien tranh.Trudc tinh hinh tren, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da ki vdi Chinh phu Phap ban Tarn udc

ngay 14 - 9 - 1946, tiep tuc nhugng bd cho Phap mot so quyen lgi kinh te, van hda d

Viet Nam de cd thai gian ciing cd lire lugng chuEn bj cudc khang chien chong Phap

Mac du da ki hiep udc So bd (6 - 3 - 1946) va Tarn udc (14 - 9 - 1946), thuc danPhap luon tim each pha hoai, nhEm tien hanh cudc chien tranh xam luge nude ta mot

Ian nua 0 Nam bg noi rieng va trong ca nude ndi chung, thuc dan Phap da tien hanh

nhieu cudc tien cong danh vao cac ca sd each mang, vung tu do, can cu dja cua ta

Trudc tinh hinh do Ban thuong vu Trung uong Dang hgp hai ngay 18 va 19

-12-1946 tai Van Phuc (Ha Ndi) quyet djnh phat dong toan quoc khang chien Ngay toi

19 - 12 - 1946, Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh thay mat cho trung uong Dang ra Loi keu goi

toan quoc khang chien Huong ling Loi keu goi toan quoc khang chien cua Chu tjch Ho

Chi Minh, nhan dan knap noi d Nam bd da diing len khang chien, dEy manh chien

tranh du kich, chan danh djch tren cac tuyen giao thong, pha co sd ha ting cua chiing

Tu sau nhirng that bai lien tiep d cac chien djch Viec BEc thu - dong (1947),

chiCm djch Bien gidi thu - dong (1950), thuc dan Phap rao riet tieu diet cho bEng dugc

dau nao khang chien quan ta cang sdm cang tot Tu do, chiing don lire lugng tan cong

vao trung tarn dau nao ciia Dang d mien BEc Nhd vay ma d mien Nam, quan dan ta cd

nhieu dieu kien phat trien phong trao chien tranh du kich, phoi hgp vdi mat tran chinh

dien de danh djch d nhieu hudng Cac phong trao chien tranh du kich cua nhan dan

Nam bo da gdp phan dua den thEng lgi d chien djch Dien Bien Phu, dEy Phap tdi viec

ki Hiep djnh Gio-ne-vo ngay 21 - 7 - 1954.

Hiep djnh gio-ne-vo (1954) ve Dong Duong dugc ki ket da cham diit cudc chien

tranh xam luge ciia thuc dan Phap doi vdi ba nude Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia

Nhung hoi nghj hiep thuong giua hai mien Nam va BEc de tien hanh Tong tuyen cu tu*

do thong nhat dat nude chua dugc tien hanh thi d mien Nam, MT lien nhay vao dua bon

tay sai (diing dau la Ngd Dinh Diem) len nam chinh quyen d niem Nam Vdi am muuchia cat dat nude Viet Nam thanh hai mien, bien mien Nam thanh thuoc dja kieu mdi

va can cu quan sir ciia MT d Dong Duong va Dong Nam A, bgn MT - Diem da tien hanh

khiing bd, dan ap, cho tay sai lung bat nhung ngudi yeu nude, cac chien sT each mang

Ngay tu nam 1954 nhan thay ro de qudc MT la trd lire chinh ngan can viec lap

lai hda binh d Dong Duong va la ke thu chinh, true tiep ciia nhan dan Dong Duong,

Trung uong Dang da de ra cho each mang mien Nam nhiem vu chuyln cuoc dau tranh

vu trang chong Phap trudc do sang dau tranh chinh trj chong MT - Diem, ddi chiing thihanh Hiep djnh Gio-ne-vo (1954), bao ve hda binh, gin giu va phat trien lire lugngeach mang.

Md dau la "Phong trao hoa binh" d Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn vao thang 8 - 1954 ciia

tri thuc va cac tang lap nhan dan Phong trao ra ddi vdi ban hieu hoan nghenh Hiepdjnh gio-ne-vo, ung ho hiep thuong Tong tuyen cu, dugc sir hudng ling rgng rai ciia

cac tang lap nhan dan Tai Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn, nhung "Uy ban bao ve hda binh dugc

thanh lap va hoat dong cong khai.

Trong nhung nam 1957 - 1959, MT - Diem md rdng chien djch "to cong", "diet

cong"; tang cudng khiing bd dan ap; ra sEc lenh "dat cong san ngoai vdng phap luat",thuc hien "dao luat 10 - 59" (5 - 1959) le may chem khEp mien Nam, giet hai nhirngngudi vd tdi.

Tren ca sd nhan djnh tinh hinh mien Nam dudi che do MT - Diem, Hoi nghjTrung uong Ian thu 15 ciia Dang (dau nam 1959) xac djnh con dudng ca ban cua each

mang mien Nam la khdi nghTa gianh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan bEng luc lugng

chinh trj ciia quan chiing la chii yeu, ket hgp lire lugng vG trang cua nhan dan

Cd nghj quyet ciia Dang soi sang, phong trao noi day cua quan chiing, tu cho le

te d tung dja phuong nhu cudc ndi day d VTnh Thanh - Binh Djnh, Bac Ai - Ninh

Thuan (2 - 1959), Tra Bong - Quang Ngai (8 - 1959), da Ian rdng khEp mien Nam

thanh cao trao each mang vdi cudc "Dong Khdi", tieu bieu d Ben Tre.

Ngay 17-1-1960, dudi sir lanh dao ciia tinh liy Ben Tre, nhan dan cac xa Djnh

Thuy, Phudc Hiep, Binh Khanh thuoc huyen Md Cay vdi nhieu loai vu khi trong tay,

da dong loat ndi day danh don bot, diet ac dn, giai tan chinh quyen djch Tu ba xadiem, cudc ndi day da Ian nhanh ra toan huyen Md Cay va tinh Ben Tre Quan khdi

nghTa da pha vd tung mang ldn bo may cai trj va he thong kirn kep cua djch d cac thdn

xa, lap ra nhirng Uy ban nhan dan tu quan Cung vdi do, luc lugng vu trang nhan dan

ra ddi va phat trien manh me Tu Ben Tre, phong trao "Dong Khdi" nhu nude vd bd,

Ian khap Nam bd.

Sau that bai trong phong trao "Dong Khdi", MT chuyen sang chien luge "Chien

tranh dac biet", mot chien luge thuc dan kieu mdi cua MT dugc tien hanh bEng quan

ddi tay sai, do cd van MT chi huy, dua vao vu khi, trang bj kT thuat, phuong tien chientranh ciia MT Dugc sir ho trg chien dEu bEng he thong co van MT, quan ddi Sai Gon,tien hanh nhieu cudc hanh quan cang quet, tiSn hanh thu gom dan vao "ap chien luge",tien hanh binh dinh mien Nam.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Budc vao nam thu ba ciia cudc chien dEu chong chien luge "Chien tranh dacbiet", quan dan Nam bg gianh thEng lgi ve vang trong tran Ap BEc (MT Tho) ngay 2 - 1

- 1963 6 Sai Gdn, ngay 11 - 6- 1963, Hda thuong Thich Quang Due tu thieu de phan

ddi chinh quyen Diem Ngay 16-6 -1963, mot cudc bieu tinh ldn ciia 70 van quanchiing Sai Gdn lam rung chuyen Sai Gdn Tinh the da budc MT thay Diem Ngay 1-11

- 1963 MT dao chinh lat do chinh quyen MT - Nhu, dua Duong Van Minh len namquyen Vdi nhirng thang lgi d6n dap, quan dan ta d mien Nam da lam pha san chien

luge "Chien tranh dac biet" ciia MT.

Sau that bai ciia chien luge chien tranh dac biet, MT chuyen sang chien luge

"chien tranh cue bd" - dugc tien hanh bEng quan ddi MT, quan dong Minh va quan ddiSai Gdn - luc cao nhat (vao nam 1969) len gEn 1,5 trieu quan Vdi lire lugng dong dao,

quan ddi MT tien hanh nhieu dgt hanh quan cang quet mien Nam nhu mua kho thu nhEt

(dong - xuan 1965 - 1966), mua kho thu hai (dong - xuan 1966 - 1967)

Ket qua sau hai mua kho, tren toan mien Nam, quan ta da loai khdi vdng chien

dau hon 240.000 ten djch, bEn rai 2.700 may bay, pha hiiy hon 2.200 xe tang va xe bgc

thep, horn 3.400 6 to.[8, 144].

Hau het d cac ndng thdn Nam bo, dugc sir ho trg cua lire lugng vu trang, quanchiing da dung len dau tranh chong ach kirn kep cua djch, pha tung mang ap chien

luge Nhieu phong trao dau tranh ciia cong nhan, ndng dan, cac tang lap lao ddng khac,hoc sinh, sinh vien, binh sT Sai Gdn nd ra.

Budc vao xuan nam 1968 quan ta chii truong md cudc Tong tien cong va noi

day tren toan mien Nam Dem 30 - rang 31 - 1- 1968, cudc Tong tien cong va noi day

da nd ra d khap cac do thj mien Nam Tai Sai Gdn, quan giai phong den tan cac vj tri

dau nao cua djch nhu tda Dai su MT, Dinh Doc lap, Bd Tong tham muu quan ddi Sai

Gdn, Dai phat thanh, san bay Tan Son Nhat

Cudc Tong tien cong va ndi day da lam lung lay y chi xam luge cua quam MT,

buoc MT tuyen bd "phi MT hda" chien tranh xam luge (tuc la thua nhan thEt bai d

"Chien tranh cue bg"), chain diit chien tranh pha hoai d mien BEc, chEp nhan dam phan

d Pari de ban ve viec cham diit chien tranh.

Vdi khi the thang lgi dd, quan dan Nam bd da phoi hgp vdi chien truong trong

ca nude tien hanh nhieu cudc tien cong, noi day, gay cho djch nhieu khd khan, trd ngai

khi thuc hien chien tranh pha hoai d mien BEc, gdp phan budc MT phai tuyen bo "MT

hda" trd lai chien tranh xam luge, thua nhan thEt bai cua chien luge "Viet Nam hoachien tranh" (1972) va day MT trd lai ban Hgi nghj Pari va ki Hiep djnh Pari ve vieccham dirt chien tranh lap lai hda binh d Viet Nam (27 - 1 - 1973).

Vdi Hiep djnh Pari nam 1973 ve Viet Nam, quan - dan Viet Nam ndi chung va

quan - dan Nam bo ndi rieng da "danh cho MT cut" Ngay 29 - 3 - 1973, toan linh MT

cudi cung nit khdi mien Nam Viet Nam Nhung MT van giu lai han 2 van co van quansir, lap ra bo chi huy quan sir, tiep tuc vien trg quan sir, kinh te cho chinh quyen SaiGdn Dugc cd van MT chi huy va nhan vien trg, chinh quyen Sai Gdn ngang nhien phahoai Hiep djnh Pari Chiing huy ddng gEn nhu toan bd lire lugng tien hanh chien djch

"tran ngap lanh tho", lien tiep md nhieu cudc hanh quan "binh djnh - Ian chiem" vung

giai phdng.

Tu dd, nhiem vu trudc mat ciia quan dan Nam bo la tiep tuc cudc each mang

dan toe, dan chu cua nhan dan, tiep tuc dung con duong each mang bao lire, kien quylt

dau tranh tren ca ba mat tran quan sir, chinh trj, ngoai giao

Tu cudi nhung nam 1973, quan dan Nam bd vua kien quyet danh tra djch trong

cudc hanh quan "binh djnh - Ian chiem", bao ve vung giai phdng, vua md rdng nhirng

cudc tien cong djch tai nhirng can cu xuEt phat cac cudc hanh quan ciia chiing, md rdngvung giai phdng.

Cudi nam 1974 dau nam 1975, phoi hgp vdi quan chii lire, quan dan Nam bg md

dgt hoat ddng quan sir ddng - xuan d dong bEng song Cuu Long va Ddng Nam bo Ketqua thu dugc nhieu thEng lgi ve vang trong chien djch danh dudng 14 - Phudc Long,

giai phdng dudng 14, thj xa va toan tinh Phudc Long vdi 50.000 dan.

Tu dau nam 1975, trong tinh hinh so sanh lire lugng d mien Nam thay doi mau

le cd lgi cho each mang Bo Chinh tri Trung uong Dang de ra ke hoach giai phdng

hoan toan mien Nam trong hai nam 1975 va 1976, nhung neu thai ca den dau hoac

cuoi nam 1975 thi lap tuc giai phdng mien Nam trong nam 1975.

Trudc khi bit dau chien djch Sai Gdn (mang ten chien djch Ho Chi Minh), quan

ta tien cong vao Xuan Ldc va Phan Rang - nhung can cu phdng thu chii yeu cua djch bao ve Sai Gdn tu phia ddng.

Trudc tuyen phdng thu bj chgc thiing (Phan Rang 16-4, Xuan Ldc 21 - 4), ndi

bd MT va quan ddi Sai Gdn cang them hoang loan Ngay 18-4, Tong thong MT ra lenh

di tan het nguoi MT ra khdi Sai Gdn Ngay 21 - 4, Nguyen Van Thieu tuyen bo tu* chuc

Tong thong.

5 gid chieu ngay 26 - 4, chien djch Ho Chi Minh bEt dEu Nam canh quan cung

luc vuot qua tuyen phdng thu vdng ngoai cua djch tien vao trung tarn Sai Gdn, danh chiem cac co quan dau nao ciia chiing 10 gid 45 phut ngay 30 - 4, xe tang ciia ta tien

thang vao Dinh Ddc lap, bat sdng toan bd Chinh phu Trung uong Sai Gdn Tong thong

Viet Nam Cong hda Duong Van Minh da tuyen b6 dEu hang khong dieu kien 11 gid

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

30 phut cung ngay, la cd each mang tung bay tren ndc Phu Tong thong, bao hieu cho

sir toan thang ciia chien djch Hd Chi Minh ljch su.

Sau khi giai phdng Sai Gdn, luc lugng vu trang va nhan dan cac tinh con lai

thua thang tien cong va noi day dong loat Den ngay 2 - 5, tinh cu6i cung cua Nam bodugc giai phdng la tinh Chau Doc Cudc tong tien cong va noi day Xuan nam 1975 ket

thuc thang lgi Nam bd dugc hoan toan giai phdng, dat nude dugc hoan toan dgc lap,thong nhat.

CHUONG 2

NOI DUNG LICH SU CUA CA DAO NAM BO

2.1 CA DAO NAM BO VE LICH SU KHAI PHA VUNG DAT NAM BO

Ngay nay, ndi den Nam bo ta nghT ngay den vung dEt ciia nhung con ngudi cd

tinh tinh hao hiep, cdi md, mang nang nghTa tinh, vung dat ma cd sir uu dai ciia tao hoa

ve tai nguyen, nhat la ve phong canh thien nhien Canh thien nhien d day xinh dep huu

tinh lai mang nhung sac thai ddc dao nen rat de dang phan biet vdi cac vung khac cua

dat nude Tu nhung canh dong liia chay hut mEt ngudi vdi sir phong phii ciia cac giongliia nhu: nang tham Chg Dao (trdng nhieu d Long An), nang huong, nang tham, tham

lai nhung vudn cay trai sum xue luon thay nhau dam hoa ket qua nhu chdm chdm, viisua, mang cut, sau rieng, mit, chudi, xoai, man cung he thong song ngoi chEng chjt

cap nude tudi tieu, sinh hoat, cho phu sa, cho con ngudi tdm ca that khd ma co thetudng tugng ndi, chinh vung dat tru phii nay trudc day vai ba the ki la mot vung dathoang vu, mot noi "*khi ho co gay".

Chieu chieu chim vjt keu chieTi

Rua bd dudi dat khi ngoi tren cay.

Nhu da trinh bay d tren, sau viec tan ra ciia de quoc Phii Nam vao the ki thu VIthi ngudi dan d vung dat nay vdn da thua that thi cang thua han Cd the xem day la

mot vung dat chet Vi cu dan song d day qua it gEn nhu khong thEy bdng dang ciia con

ngudi Tat ca da nhudng khong gian lai cho con vat, cd cay lam chu

Ca Mau khi khgt tren bung

Dudi song sau ldi, tren rung cgp um.

Khoang dau the ki XVII, cung vdi so cu dan ban dja it di va thua that nay,

nhirng lap ngudi Viet da xuat hien BEng nhieu con dudng nhu vuot bien, xuyen rung,

bang niii, cac lap ngudi ay da Ian luat den day Vdi nhung no lire phi thuong, hg da datchan den vung dat Nam bo nay sinh song, djnh cu Nhung cu dan Viet mdi den ay den

tu nhieu noi, cung nhu mang nhirng chi hudng, tain sir khac nhau.

Cd nhung cu dan den tu mien Trung, Mien BEc do khong chju noi sir ha khat,kirn kep ciia che dd phong kien da de nang, troi budc hg, dEy hg den con dudng cung.

Cung cd ngudi muon thoat khdi khdi lira phan tranh ciia tap doan phong kien Trjnh

-Nguyen de tim den mot noi yen dn, mot phuong trdi mdi de sinh ca lap nghiep.

Trai tu chieng, gai giang ho Gap nhau ta ndi co do cung nen.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Cd nhirng cu dan von da song ngheo kho d mien Trung, mien BEc nen theo

chinh sach dinh dien ciia nha Nguyen, hg da di vao mien Nam khai khEn.

Ngoai ra do con la nhung ngudi linh thu cung nhung ngudi tu tdi bj ap tai, xd

day den noi "'rung thien nude doc" d phia Nam nay de lap cac d6n dien, vua de tran giubien ai.

Gan khoang thai gian do, nhung lap ngudi Hoa cung Ian lugt den day lap nghiep

Ho vua la nhirng trung than ciia nha Minh din day tim noi an minh, am muu chong lai

nha Thanh, vua la nhung ngudi di khai hoang.

Bac Lieu nude chay Id do

Dudi song ca chdt, tren bd Trieu Chau.

Tu nhung con ngudi xa la, cd nguon goc xuat xu khac nhau, dan toe cung khac

nhau, vdi udc mo chung la den day de doi ddi nen nhieu lap ngudi da dat chan den

vung dat hoang so nay sinh song The nhung trong budi dau md dat, dung trudc nhirngthuc trang phu phang, con ngudi cam thay ghe sg.

Tdi day xu sd la lung Chim keu cung sg, ca vung cung ghe.

Cheo ghe sg sau can chun,

Xuong bung sg dia, len rung sg ma.

Thap Mudi nude man ddng chua Nua mua nang chay, mia mua nude dang.

[20,tr.l98]

Tiep xiic vdi mot noi la lung, thien nhien hoang vu khEc nghiet sdm nEng chieumua, dau dau cai chet cung luon rinh rap de dga mgi ngudi ma luc do dau cd vudn caybien liia, dau cd xdm lang, xung quanh chi la nhung bay thu quay quanh Dudi song thi

ca sau loi, tren bung bau thi dia, tren rung tarn toi thi nhieu ma quy Thu hdi nhung

cum ngudi thua that mdi den do sao cd the tranh khdi tarn li sg hai cho dugc Hon nua:

U Minh, Rach Gia thi hda son truong

Dudi song sau ldi tren rung cop dua.

Tu **san truong'" vdn la nhung trai don dien d nui rung Nd xuEt phat tu thai nha

Le Trudc kia, nha Le to chuc sang lap son truong de quy tu so luu dan va nhung toi

nhan bj luu dai den do de khai khEn Cau ca dao ndi len d vung dat U Minh, Rach Gia

trudc day nd con doc han ca vung son truong nua.

Do cd song ngoi chan chjt, lao say mgc urn turn, Nam bd trd thanh cho trii En an

toan ciia nhieu loai ran, ca sau, cgp, voi, dia vEt Nhung loai nay luon lam le xam

pham den tinh mang cua con ngudi.

Mudi keu nhu sao thdi

Dia loi nhu banh canh

Co mgc thanh tinh

Ran ddng biet gay.

[20, tr 195]

Rung thien nude ddc thu bay,

Mudi keu nhu sao thoi, Dia loi day nhu banh canh.

[20, tr 198]

Sau va cgp la hai loai vat nguy hiem vdi con ngudi nhat Nd tuong trung chosue manh hoang gia noi nay Sir xuat hien hai hinh anh nay trong van hgc dan gian la

khong it Tuc ngu ta cd cau "Xuong song hdt trung sau, len bd xia rang cgp'\ Trong

thanh ngu cung cd "Hum tha, sau bEt'\ Hinh anh ay da kha ph6 bien trong ldi an tieng

noi ciia nhan dan Nam bd cho den ngay nay Tren can thi cd cgp:

U Minh, Rach Gia thj hda son truong Dudi song sau ldi tren rung cop dua.

Ca Mau khi khgt ti*en bung Dudi song sau loi, tren rung cop um.

Neu tren can da co cgp thi dudi nude la khong gian ciia ca sau:

Thap Mudi sinh ngap phen chua

Hd may, ca sau thi dua vay vung.

[20, tr.198]

Chieu chieu ong Ngir di cau

Sau ldi ong Ngu cam dau xuong song.

(suu tarn d Phii Tan - An Giang)

Chieu chieu ong Lu di cau Sau can dng Lu biet dau ma tim.

(suu tarn d Ddng Thap)

Ong Ngu, ong Lu la nhung cai ten mang tinh tugng trung cho nhung con ngudi

tien phong di md dat gap khd khan, vEt va trong viec tim ke sinh nhai d noi nay Sir

nguy hiem ay cd the tra gia bang ca mang song.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Tu cudc song mdi vdi nhirng khd khan, nguy khon do, ngoai sg hai thi con

ngudi con mang ndi buon Chinh hoan canh da lam cho noi buon nhu tang len Do latarn trang buon trudc canh thien nhien hiu quanh, buon vi xa xii*, nhd nha, nhd ngudi

yeu.

U Minh, Rach Gia thj hda son truong

Gid dua bdng say da buon nhd ai

Troi xanh, kinh do dat xanh

Dia bu, mudi can lam anh nhd nang.

Menh mong troi nude mot mau

Nhdc nhen keu rd bat xau rudt gan.

[14, tr 16]

Cho nen, trong dieu kien bu6i ban dEu khong on dinh nhu the, nhirng cu dan

Viet da biet doan ket nhau lai tao nen sue manh, quen di noi buon dau ma quyet chi

lam an Vdi tinh than *'toi lira tEt den cd nhau" nhung con ngudi Ey budc dau da lapnen thdn ap, md rdng dan so, song tuong trg Ian nhau.

Chong chai, vg ludi, con cau, Chang re ddng day, con dau dat Id.

Hay:

Chieu chieu con qua Igp nha,

Con cu che lat, con ga dua tranh.

Khong chi la tuong trg nhung ngudi than quen, xu sd, nhirng cu dan Viet noi

nay con giiip dd Ian nhau DEu hg la ai, dan tdc nao, la ngudi ban dja hay khong phai la

ngudi ban dja, vdi tarn long phdng khoang va men khach ciia ngudi Viet da giup chotat ca mgi ngudi song gan bd vdi nhau, vdi manh dEt nay Trong sir gEn bd ay co cangudi Hoa, von tu mot noi xa xdi, ngudi Hoa da tim den nai nay de gdp mot phan cong

sue cung vdi ngudi Viet md mang bd cdi, de cung mgi ngudi nai day song doan ket

Tu dd ma nhung cai ten nhu: Duong Ngan Djch, Mac Cuu, TrEn Thugng Xuyen dugc cu dan ngudi Viet nhEc den nhu nhung nhan vat ljch sir

Doan ket la sue manh, nhd vay ma nhirng cu dan mdi d nai nay cd the song vaton tai tren manh dat "'rung thien nude ddc'\ Tu viec sg canh vat hoang da, con ngudi

da biet djnh cu, xay dung nha ciia Sg nhung con thu du, con ngudi da biet chong lai.Nhieu giai thoai dan gian ve chuyen giet sau, dau cgp van con luu truyen khEp nai

Bang sue manh ciia ddi tay, nghj luc phi thuong, y chi vuan len cung sir doan

ket ciia mgi ngudi, tu viec doi dEu, con ngudi da bEt dau chuyen sang chinh phuc thien

nhien, cai tao thien nhien trd thanh que huong, xdm lang, dong rudng, vudn cay

Gao Can Dude, nude Dong Nai

Het ciii da co Tan Sai(2) chd vd.

Hay:

Rudng cd bay dam dai Truong Cdc

Chau con dng Mdm Ian ldc co han

Md dau cho nhung ngudi lap nghiep dEu vung Truong Cdc (Don San - Go Cong

Tay - Tien Giang), vao dEu tht; ki XVII, dng Mdm tu Quang Ngai vao khai pha, djnh

cu djnh cu tren vung dat nay Nhd sue luc cong lao cua nhirng ngudi nhu dng ma vung

Truong Coc hoang so trd thanh mot nai "Rudng cd bay dam dai "

Chieu chieu qua ndi vdi dieu

Cu lao ong Chudng cd nhieu ca torn.

[2, tr.800]

Sd dT cu lao nay cd ten la cu lao dng Chudng bdi vi ngay xua nd da gEn lien vdi

bdng dang cua dng Chudng co Nguyen Huu Canh Khi do, tren dudng hanh quan,Nguyen Huu Canh da dat chan den mot cu lao ciia An Giang (huyen Chg Mdi ngay

nay) Dugc sir chi dao ciia dng, doan quan da tien hanh khai hoang, canh tac tren cu lao

nay.

Chinh nhirng cong sue ciia nhirng ngudi nhu dng Chudng, dng Mdm hay hinh

anh song gan bd vung dat mdi nay nhu ong Ngu, dng Lu da gop phEn lam nen langxom Nam bd Tuy bay gid, don vj van hda, dan vj hanh chinh ciia Nam bd chua dugc

chat che nhu d Bac bg, Trung bo nhung nhd ban tay ciia nhung con ngudi nay ma bo

mat hoang so ciia Nam bo da dugc thay ddi nhanh chong Va tu do, tain tinh cua conngudi noi day cung dugc chuyen bien, khong con cam giac sg hai nhu luc trudc nua,

ma thay vao do la niem tu hao, tinh yeu thuong tha thiet vdi xu sd mdi la nay Tir yeu

thuong, con ngudi xem sir hoang vu, khEc nghiet ciia noi nay nhu la nhirng thach thuc,

la cd sd de chung to ban linh ciia minh.

Lam trai cho dang than trai

Phii Xuan da trai, Dong Nai da tung.

La noi de an cu lap nghiep xay dung cudc ddi mdi:

Trai tu chieng, gai giang ho

'"'Tan Sai: thuoc tinh Dong Nai.

Ca dao Nam bi) ve lich sir

Gap nhau ta ndi ca do cung nen.

Cang yeu thuong que huong nay bao nhieu, con ngudi cang gEn sue lao ddng,

md mang dien tich canh tac bEy nhieu Vung dEt Nam bd nay dugc cu dan Viet dat

chan den trudc tien la d Dong Nam bd Hg den day lap nghiep vdi nghj lire:

Lam trai cho dang than trai

Phii Xuan da trai, Dong Nai da tung.

Dong Nam bd rdng khoang 26.000 km vudng, g6m cac tinh: Dong Nai, Binh

Duong Binh Phudc, Tay Ninh, Ba Rja - Vung Tau va Thanh pho Hd Chi Minh La

vung dEt cao, phu sa cd, it song rach Xen giua cac trien doi dEt dd hoac dEt xam la

nhung nggn mii thua that, lugn song nhap nhd Nhung vung rung bac ngan cua Tay

Ninh Ddng Nai da gdp phan hinh thanh nen bo mat tieu bieu cua Ddng Nam bo

Nhd ban tay gang sue lao ddng cua ngudi dan Ddng Nam bd ma nhieu loai san

pham noi nay da cd mat d khEp noi de phuc vu cho nhu cEu cua xa hoi Dd la nhieu

loai trai cay nhu budi (Bien Hda); chuoi, chdm chdm (Long Khanh); sEu rieng, mang

cut (Lai Thieu); dua hEu (Tay Ninh) Nhirng khu rung go, khu trong ca phe, cao su nditieng Tu dd da lam cho ngudi dan dja phuong rat doi tu hao.

Bien Hda budi chang dang the

An vao nggt ljm nhu che dau xanh

Bien Hda cd budi Thanh Tra(3)

Thii Due nem nudng, Dien Ba Tay Ninh.

Het gao thi cd Ddng Nai Het ciii thi cd Tan Sai chd vd.

Ben canh viec khai pha vung Dong Nam bd, thi vung dat Tay Nam bd cung

dugc cu dan Viet den md mang Tuy nhien, viec md mang khai pha vung dEt nay co

phan muon hon Ddng Nam bd Viec khai pha Tay Nam bd da gdp phEn phan anh dugcsue manh va y chi ciia cu dan Viet Neu nhu trudc day cu dan ban dja khong thi khaipha rdng rai va khong the cu ngu nai nay lau dai, hg phai thu minh vao nhung noi an

toan, thuan lgi cho viec sinh hoat, canh tac nhu tren giong dEt, go doi, thi sau nay,

nhung cu dan Viet da khang djnh minh, lam dugc nhung dieu trudc kia khong the Hg

da md rgng dugc vung dat Tay Nam bd vdi dien tich hon 40.000 km vudng Hien nay

(3).

rhanh Tra: thuoc xa Tan Trieu, huyen VTnh Cuu, tinh Dong Nai.

gom cac tinh: Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, VTnh Long, Tra Vinh, Dong Thap, An

Giang, Kien Giang, Hau Giang, Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu, Thanh phd Can Tho va Ca Mau

Von la san phEm boi tu ciia song Cuu Long nen dong bEng Tay Nam bo tuong

doi thap, bang phang lai rat phi nhieu Cung vdi song Cuu Long, cac kenh rach nai day

day dac ndi lien nhau tao thanh mot mang ludi song ngoi chEng chjt, hinh thanh nen

nhirng ddng chay tu nhien De phuc vu cho muc dich kinh te, van hda, quoc

phong theo thai gian, con ngudi da dan them vao he thong dudng thiiy tu nhien Ey

nhung kenh dao chitm luge nhu: kenh Bao Djnh, Kenh Thoai Ha, kenh VTnh Te

Dudng tu Chau Doc, Ha Tien

Cd kenh VTnh Te ndi lien hai noi.

Kenh VTnh Te nam sat bien gidi Viet Nam - Campuchia chay dai tu Chau Doc

(An Giang) den Ha Tien (Kien Giang) Trudc vai trd, tim quan trgng cua con kenh,vua Nguyen (vua Gia Long) va nhan dan da quyet tarn dao de cd dugc nd Dudi sir chihuy cua Thoai Nggc HEu, kenh VTnh Te da hoan thanh vao nam 1824 nhd vao con

kenh nay ma giao thdng dudng thiiy thuan lgi, thuong mai, ndng nghiep dugc phat

trien, quoc phdng dugc bao dam.

Tay Nam bd phat trien, ben canh nhd vao cac co sd ha tang, thi con nhd vao tinhthan, quyet tarn lao ddng cua ngudi dan noi nay Tu dd ma Tay Nam bd trd thanh vualiia ldn ciia Nam bo va ciia dat nude, trd thanh vua trai cay ndi tieng vdi nhieu hoa

thorn trai la Ghi them nhung trang su vang ve sir giau cd ciia vung dEt nay trong cadao Nam bd.

Anh ve Ba Vat, chg Tham(4)

Rudng mua liia tot, cay vudn xanh tuoi.

Xu can Tho gao trang nude trong

Ai ve xu bac thong dong cudc ddi.

Nhd ban tay chung sue ay da lam cho Tay Nam bd trd nen giau dep, huu tinh, lam cho ai nay deu mo udc den day.

Ben Tre dep lam ai ai,

Bau ve ben do cho tdi ve cung.

Cd chong ve dEt My Thanh(5) Nha ngoi to cot rdng xanh diing chau.

( 'Ba Vat, chgThorn: thuoc huyen Mo Cay, B£n Tre

("My Thanh: thuoc tinh Tien Giang.

7T

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sir

Mot khi da den nai day roi thi mgi ngudi khong muon ve nua

Can Tho gao trang nude trong

Ai di den do thai khong muon ve.

Song song vdi viec xay dung la viec giu gin que huong dat nude ciia cu dan

Viet Vung dat Nam bd nay sau khi hinh thanh chua lau da phai trai qua nhung bienddng ciia ljch sir Trong thai ki nay dang chii y han ca la tran chien vang lung ciia

nghTa quan lay Son.

Ban('] gie ddm dau sang ngoi,

Gach Gam soi dau muon ddi oai linh.

Cau ca dao da tai hien lai sir kien tran thuy chien ldn tren song thuoc khiic Gach

Gam - mot phu luu ciia song Tien thudc dja phan huyen Chau Thanh, tinh Tien Giang,dien ra giua lien quan Xiem - Nguyen va quan Tay Son Khi do, sau nhieu lEn chongngan nghTa quan Tay Son thEt bai, Nguyen Anh phai cEu vien quan Xiem sang giup

sue Mang trong long nhung tham vgng xam luge, vua Xiem lien dong y nhan ldi Vao

thang Chap nam 1785 cudc thuy chien ldn nd ra Vdi muu luge tai tinh, Nguyen Hue

da dua vao dja hinh, van dung chien thuat mot each linh hoat nen nghTa quan Tay San

da nhanh chdng danh tan 5 van quan Xiem xam luge va tap doan phong kien ban nude

Nguyen Anh Tu dd, lanh tho ca nude ndi chung va dEt dai Nam bd ndi rieng dugc giu

gin toan ven, lam cho nhan dan Nam bd song trong canh binh yen, mgi ngudi cd the

vui sudng hat ca - khiic hat khai hoan ciia nhung ngudi gan da trong khai hoang, anh

hung trong chien dau va cam cui lam an trong xay dung dat nude.

Chieu chieu con qua Igp nha

Con cu che lat, con ga dua tranh.

Chieu chieu dng Lir di cau

Ba Lu' di xiic, con dau di md

Vi dau ca bdng xich du Tdm cang hat boi, ca thu cam chau.

2.2 CA DAO NAM B0 VE CONG CUOC BAO VE DAT NUCfC

2.2.1 Thoi ki chong Phap

Tu mot vung dat Nam bd hoang so khEc nghiet, nhirng giot nude mEt, m6 hoiciia dng cha ta roi xuong da bien nd thanh mot vung dat mau md tru phii Nhung canh

<(,) Loai cay co qua an chua, cung co ten la thuy lieu, thuong moc a bai sinh ven song.

ddng liia vang rue, sdng bien day ca tdm tha ho ma bEt, ma an Nhan dan song trong

canh am em, hanh phuc.

Nha Be nude chay phan hai

Ai ve Gia Djnh, Ddng Nai thi ve.

Tu sau khi Nguyen Huu Canh dugc lenh vua Nguyen "chia lap them ap, lap bo

binh, bo dien'\ cac lang xdm, thdn ap d Nam bd da thuc sir trd thanh don vj hanh chinhnam dudi sir quan li ciia trieu Nguyen (Nguyen Phuc Chu - tuc Hien Tong Hieu Minhhoang de) The nhung trai qua nhirng bien dong ciia tu nhien va xa hoi, da lam cho ddi

sdng nhan dan co luc am no.

Cam an hat liia nang co

Ng nan tra het lai no tarn long.

Co luc ngudi dan Nam bo phai chju noi thdng kh6 chung vdi ngudi dan ca nude

Tu ngay Tu Dirc(7) len ngoi

Com chang day ndi tre khdc nhu ri.

[4,tr.l86]

Nhung nhin chung, ndi khd ciia ngudi dan bj trieu dinh phong kien nha Nguyen

bo chat van con do han su xam luge ciia Thuc dan Phap Vdi che do phong kien, d thai

Tu Due, mac du cam chang day noi nhung con cd cai de do vd n6i nEu Doi vdi sir

xuat hien got giay xam luge ciia thuc dan Phap thi con khiing kiep hon nhieu, ngudi

dan cd the mat mang luc nao Mang ban chEt bde lot, bgn thuc dan da bEt dan di vao

nhung noi khd ma cd ngay trd ve Neu dugc trd ve thi hg cung chEng con gi ca ngoai

ban tay trang.

Cao su di de khd ve

Khi di mat vg, khi ve mat con

Cao su di de khd ve

Khi di trai tre, khi ve biing beo.

Nudi dudng y djnh xam luge nude ta tir lau, nam 1858 thuc dan Phap da chinhthuc nd siing xam luge ban dao San Tra - Da NEng Trudc sir nhu nhugc ciia trieu dinh

nha Nguyen da lam cho bon quan xam luge tung budc Ian tdi, chiem dEn tung don luy,vung mien.

Bang nhirng thu doan, nhung hanh vi da man, bgn chii nghTa thuc dan Phap

cung be lu tay sai da ra sue bde lot ddi song nhan dan het sue tan nhan, chiing day mgi

ngudi vd kiep sdng nd le, lam cho ngudi dan song trong canh lam than, kh6 sd Trudc

Ty Due: tri vj tu nam 1847 - 1883.

Ca dao Nam bo ve lich sic

thuc trang dau khd ay, nhieu phong trao yeu nude da nd ra dau tranh gianh lai quyen tu chii Vdi nhirng gi cd dugc, nhung ngudi xong pha ra chien truong thi dung gay gdc,

giao mac chien dEu Ngudi chi thuc thi dung ngoi but ciia minh de dau tranh chdng

lai:

Chd bao nhieu dao thuyen khong khEmDam may thang gian but chEng ta

(Nguyen Dinh Chieu)

Ngoai nhirng thu vu khi tren thi mot so ngudi yeu nude cdn sir dung van hoc truyen mieng lam thu vu khi danh giac Dac biet trong thai ki sdi ddng nua sau the ki

XIX nay, nhung cau ca dao danh giac dugc cac tac gia dan gian sir dung nhu nhirng

nhac guom sat ben de chong lai bon xam luge da man; chong lai bgn tu ban ban xu bde

lot md hoi cong sue cua ngudi dan lao ddng de trd nen giau cd, xay nha may, lap don

dien ; chong lai cac cudc dan ap dam mau, cac cudc tham sat ngudi dan vd tdi, cac hanh vi ngang ngugc: bEt linh, bEt phu, bd tu ciia bgn thong trj.

Cung gidng nhu ca dao cua cac vung khac, ca dao Nam bd dugc hinh thanh va van ddng trong chieu van ddng chung ciia ca dao dan toe Trudc tinh hinh dEt nude dEy bien ddng, thuc dan Phap ra sue xam luge, va vet, bde lot , cdn trieu dinh nha Nguyen thi nhu nhugc, chdng chgi rat yeu dt va tung budc nhuong bd, ban re sau tinh Nam ki cho Phap, thi ca dao Nam bd da lam trdn xu menh ciia minh, phan anh lai nhung su

kien, nhung van de xay ra luc bEy gid mot each trung thuc.

Noi dung chinh cua ca dao Nam bd ve lich su thai ki nay xoay quanh nhung vEn

de ve tdi ac cua giac Phap y thuc danh giac va thanh tich chien cong cua nhan dan

Nam bo Ngoai ra mot so bai ca dao nd cdn ndi len thuc trang xa hoi Nam bd khi vanhoa phuong Tay gieo rEc vao.

Qua trinh xam luge ciia thuc dan Phap trong ca nude ndi chung va d Nam bo

ndi rieng da gay ra sir hon loan ve ddi sdng xa hoi, dao due chang con, tinh nghTa tan

bien Ca dao da phan anh lai tdi ac ciia chiing bEng mot gigng mia mai dEy chua xot.

Van minh gap buoi Lang-sa

Tri am thi it, trang hoa thi nhieu.

Hay nhirng chuyen len luc that nuc cudi ciia cac dng, cac ba da lam mat di nhung pham chEt cao dep ciia con ngudi Viet Nam bEy lau nay Tat ca dugc ca dao

chgn lam doi tugng de cham biem, da kich.

Mudi gid dng Chanh ve Tay

Cd ba d lai lay thay thdng ngon.

SVTH: Ta Hoang Hai

Ben canh viec phan anh thdi hu tat xau ma lu xam luge cho la '"van minh" de

"khai hda" nen van hda truyen thdng ciia nhan dan ta, thi ca dao vung dEt mdi nay cdn

len an chinh quyen thuc dan Phap tu khi chiing mdi dat ach thong trj d nude ta.

Tan Trao an d qua nghiem Nen khong dam gdi thu niem cho minh.

Ach thdng trj ciia thuc dan Phap da lam xao trdn ddi song ciia ngudi dan thuoc

dja, lam cho tinh cam vo chdng, tinh yeu nam nir bj khoang each Hon the nua, sir da

man ciia bd may cai trj ay cdn tudc doat di quyen song, quyen dugc lam ngudi ciia con

ngudi Budc con ngudi vao cho tan cung ciia dau kh6 - dua di lam phu

Cd di mdi biet Me Kong

Cd di mdi biet than dng the nay.

Me Kong chon xac thuong ngay

Cd di mdi biet bdi tay xu Bao.

Tu "xu'1 xuat phat tu chu Surveillant, chi bgn cai phu cho Phap, bgn nay dua

quyen cay the bat ep, danh dap hanh ha, bde lot phu phen vd cung tan nhan Com an

chang no, ao mac khong am lai lam vice qua sue nen sue khde cua nhirng ngudi phunay ngay mot suy kiet Tinh trang ngudi chet d day dien ra thuong xuyen.

Me Kong chon xac thudng ngay

Cd di mdi biet bdi tay xu Bao.

Mot trong nhung muc dich xam luge ciia Phap d Viet nam la kiem nguon tai

nguyen nhEm khai thac triet de de lam giau them cho chiing <3 Nam bd, chiing mdnhung ddn dien cao su, bat ngudi dan d nai nay - nguon lao ddng re mat doi vdi chiing

di lao ddng, cham sdc.

Cao su di de khd ve

Khi di trai trang, khi ve bung beo.

Canh ngudi di lam than d cung gidng nhu nhung ngudi di lam d don dien cao

su, vd cung khd cue.

Cay su cd quam, cay su cd queo

That lung cho chat ma theo anh ve

Ngoai nhirng canh bat di phu, di vao cac nha may, ham md, ta cdn bEt gap trong

ca dao Nam bd nhung hinh anh khong the thieu trong chien tranh ma bgn thuc danPhap tao nen - canh bEt linh Neu ngudi dan bj bgn thuc dan bEt di linh da kh6, thi viecdua di sang Tay lam linh, giu cai ket bac cho bgn tu ban thi cang khd va dau ddn hon

Bao canh chia ly, tan tdc khien me xa con, vo xa chong xay ra:

Tdi budc xuong tau nhd, ong khoi nhd, xup-le dong