Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành thương mại ii english for business ii phần 2

C om plete the sentences below, using the adjectives given in brackets, as in the exam ple... Com plete the passage using the correct w ords from the box... Make three sentences, using t

U n i t 8 COM PARING INFORMATION

Objectives

• M asterin g co; ip a ra tiv e s and su p erla tives.

• Providing k n o w led g e on c o m p arin g in fo rm atio n

th e - est I th e m o st

Stress p attern s in w ords

Jo b s and o ccu p atio n s

S uffixes: -er /-e st

Match these headings to the correct graph, table or chart.

1 D esserts - sales by value

2 R eady m eals - sales by sector

3 Frozen foods - sales by secto r

V alue £0 0 0 V olu m e (to n n es)

III Listen to the first conversation again Are these statem ents true (T) or false (F)? C orrect the ones that are w rong {47}

1 Sales are lo w er th an last year

2 Ice-cream sales are higher

3 U nusual flav o u rs are popular

4 M u lti-p ack s w ere m o re p o p u lar in th e past

IV Listen to the second conversation again {48}

1 W hy are m eat an d po u ltry sales fallin g ?

2 W hat is the fastest g ro w in g m ark et?

V Listen to the third conversation again C om plete the missinc words {49}

1 T his is a n o th e r fast g ro w th m ark et but i t ’s than pizzas W e ’re o fferin g a rang*and c o n su m ers are b e c o m in g

2 But the m a rk e t’s b e c o m in g an d th e m an u factu rershave h ad to red u ce th e ir prices.

A re we g e ttin g m argins on th ese p ro d u cts now ?

Y es, slig h tly

1 th an N ew Y o rk / P aris

2

3

th an T o k y o / Paris th an N ew Y o rk th an T o k y o

III C om plete the sentences below, using the adjectives given in brackets, as in the exam ple.

I T he U SA h a s t h e b ig g e s t living area p er person, (big)

2 Jap an h a s living area per person, (sm a ll)

3 N ew Y ork is city to live in (ch ea p )

4 T okyo is city to live in (e xp en sive)

IV In your country which is:

1 the biggest city?

2 the highest b u ild in g ?

3 the m ost p opular to u rist attraction?

REA D IN G

I Com plete the passage using the correct w ords from the box.

b u sin e ss

W hich is b etter? A n ex citin g jo b

w here you (1 ) on

planes and fly first class around the

w orld o r a q u ite ro u tin e jo b w here

you on ly have to travel to the office

and back R ecen t (2 )

w ould p refer the seco n d option

(3 ) w orking

fo r British T eleco m in terv iew ed 75

in v estig atin g (4 ) that

too m uch tra v e llin g m ak es them

irritable and d ep ressed

the w orst H e w en t on a b u sin e ss trip

to Jersey an d his stre ss lev els were

tw ice as h ig h as th e fo llo w in g two

d ays w hen h e w o rk e d fro m his

III W hich activities were more stressful for the jew eller:

a m eetin g s at h o m e o r m eetings aw ay?

b ch eck in g in o r ru n n in g to catch a taxi?

c w aiting for a flight to take o ff or o rganizing invoices?

IV A jew eler is a person who makes or sells jew ellery, such as rings or necklaces Think of more jobs or professions that end with -er.

V A psychologist is a person who studies the way people behave

Think of more jobs or professions that end with -ist.

VI The article m entions two sym ptom s of stress W hat are they? Can you think of any m ore?

LAN GU AG E STUD Y

CO M PA R A TIV E FORM

W e add - er to the e n d o f the adjective, eg q u icke r, slo w er.

or W e put m o re b e fo re th e adjective, e.g m o re rela xin g , m o re tiring.

1 We use the C om parative form to com pare two things.

L o n d o n is m o re e x p e n siv e / c h ea p er than T okyo.

2 When we want to talk about things being the sam e, we use as as.

P a ris is a s e x p e n siv e a s London.

M a d r id is n o t a s big a s P aris.

SUPE R L AT IV E FORM S

W e add - est to the en d o f th e ad jec tiv e, eg q u ic k e st, slo w e st.

o r W e put the m o st b efo re the ad jec tiv e, e.g the m o s t re la x in g , th e m ost

tiring.

We use the superlative form to com pare three or m ore things.

M u n ich is th e m o st e x p en sive / th e c h e a p e st o f th e s ix cities.

sm a ll (th e ) s m a lle s t

I Think about travelling to work in yo u r own tow n or city Make three sentences, using the language below.

quicker/ slow er

m ore relaxing/ m ore tiring than traveling by train safer/ m ore dangerous

II How do you prefer to travel generally? U sing the adjective! below, w rite sentences com paring different form s of tran sp ort.

c h e a p

fa s t

re la x in g

c o m fo rta b le

Compare your sentences with a partner Ask extra questions if necessary.

E xam ple:

T ra vellin g b y b u s is m o re relaxing than tr a vellin g by car.

W hy do y o u th in k tra vellin g by c a r is m o re stressfu l?

B eca u se it 's very slo w - it ta kes 45 m in u te s to d riv e 5 kilo m etres.

III Read the inform ation and write sentences using the w ords in brackets.

1 In 2003, B ritish T eleco m m ade profits o f $ 3 ,5 5 7 m illio n

It is (n o 2 / p ro fitab le c o m p a n y / w orld) the se c o n d m o st p ro fita b le co m p a n y

in the world.

2 Y oshiaki T su tsu m i d eals in land, railw ay s, and reso rts, an d has a personal fo rtu n e o f $ 1 0 billion H e is (n o 2 / ric h / p e rso n / w orld)

3 Exxon had sales o f $ 1 0 3 ,2 4 2 m illion in 2004

It is (n o 3 / la rg e / in d u strial c o rp o ratio n / w orld)

4 Eviran H aub from G erm an y ow ns su p erm ark ets, an d is w orth $6.9 billion He is (n o 4 /w e a lth y / p erso n / w orld)

PRONUNCIATION

I Practise saying som e words below and put them in the right stress pattern box {50}

• • •

• • •

• • • • p sy c h o lo g ist

• • • •

II Listen and check your answers.

V O C A B U L A R Y

I Mach the jobs in the box with the descriptions below.

lab o rato ry tech n ician

1 1 organize training courses for m em bers o f staff - languages, com puters, etc

2 I set up the eq u ip m e n t and do e x p erim en ts an d tests

3 1 am the sen io r executive

4 I ch eck that p ro d u cts are m ade to the right stan d ard s

5 I visit c u sto m e rs and try to in crease b u sin ess

5 I w ork w ith the M an ag in g D irecto r I am re s p o n sib le fo r h is diary,

o rg an ize h is trav el, and tak e calls fo r him

7 1 bu y ev e ry th in g the c o m p an y n eed s, from raw m a te ria l to statio n ery

II Look at the jobs below and put them under the correct headings.

SP E A K IN G

S tudent A: Look at File 20 on page 220

Student B: L ook at the inform ation below

S itu a tio n 1

You n eed to have som e adv ertisin g b ro ch u res p rin ted fo r y o u r co m pany

A sk Student A for ad v ice about printing co m p an ies Fill in the table T hen

S tudent A w hich you think is best and why

M ax.'100 people - $200/ hour

15 m inutes’ drive from Melville Town Station

cheaper than

the cheapest

more convenient than the most convenient sm aller than

the smallest

larger than

the largest

II W hat things give you satisfaction in yo u r jo b ? Can you add anything to this list?

m ak in g m on ey

m eetin g people

c o m p letin g projects

h elp in g o th e r people

being part o f a team

h aving the p o w er to m ake things h appen

h aving freed o m to m ak e d ecisio n s

learn in g so m eth in g new

being creativ e

R ank th e d iffe re n t factors

IV C om pare yo u r answ ers with you r classm ates and explain your ranking.

IV Some jobs are more satisfying than others Do these jobs give people more than an average degree of satisfaction or less? Decide with a partner, tick the boxes, then turn to File 17 on page 219.

com pany d ire c to r

LESS SATISFYING THA N AVERAG E

(1) h as the h ig h e st rate o f in flatio n a n d (2) h as the low est.The rate o f in flatio n in (3) is h ig h e r than Italy , but lo w er th an in

A rgentina

C o m p an ies in (1 0 ) spend the m ost on rent and c o m p an ies in ( I I ) spend the least C o m p an ies spend less on ren t in (12) than N ewYork but m o re than they spend in Barcelona.

(1 7 ) h as the few est trad e union m em b ers a n d (1 8 ) h as the

m o s t (19) has few er m e m b e rs (2 0 ) D en m ark b u t m o re thanBelgium

Japan h a s (21) peo p le o u t o f w o rk and Spain

h a s (2 2 ) (2 3 ) p eo p le are u n e m p lo y e d in

B ritain (2 4 ) in G erm an y A n d (2 5 ) people areunem p lo y ed in F ra n c e (2 6 ) in Italy

What about you? Where would you like to work? W hich country in the world.

• has the h ig h e st living stan d ard s?

• has the n icest clim a te ?

• h as the m o st b e a u tifu l co u n try sid e?

• is the least p o llu ted ?

• is the safest?

• is the b est p lace fo r ch ild re n to g ro w up?

• is the b est co u n try to live in

Why?

W R IT IN G

I Read the inform ation about Poland, M exico, and Norway Use superlatives, write sentences com paring them (* = New York city)

incom e

p er capita

cost o f living as

% o f N YC*

co rp o rate tax rate

literacy rate

ri L

1 incom e p er c a p ita / hig h N o rw a y h a s the h ig h e st in c o m e p e r capita.

2 incom e p er c a p ita / low P o la n d has the lo w e st in c o m e p e r capita.

3 ex p en siv e / to live in

4 c h e a p / to live in

5 c o rp o rate tax ra te / h ig h

6 co rp o rate tax ra te / low

7 literacy ra te / go o d

8 literacy r a t e /b a d

II W rite a short paragraph com paring one of yo u r products or services with a product or service of one of yo u r com petito r^ ' Here is an exam ple.

I work f o r D a rlingtons, a law fir m that specializes in co m m ercia l p ro p erty, a n d our m ain co m p etito rs a re K enw orth a n d Brown W e a re n o t a s large a s they a re,

b u t we h a v e th e b e st ta x a tio n d e p a rtm e n t in the C ity B e c a u se w e a r e sm aller,

w e o ffe r o u r c lie n ts a b e tte r service, a n d o u r ch a rg es a r e s ig n ific a n tly low er.

N EW W O R D S

term o f paym ent

unrealistic d ead lin e

very tight budget

q u á ít thời gian

n gân sách q u á eo h ẹp bác sỹ thú y

U n i t 9 DEALING WITH PROBLEMS

Objectives

• M asterin g s e c o n d c o n d itio n a l.

• E x p lo rin g p o ssib le solution p ro b lem s in o rg an izatio n s

• H aving good attitu d e and b eh av io r in w ork, be c reativ e a n d active

III Listen again and make a note in the chart of all the possible solutions and consequences they discuss {52}

IV Study the sentence below.

If they broke into the car, it w ould set o ff the alarm

Use the chart to m ake m ore sentences with if

V W hat w ords are m issing from these extracts? Can you rem em ber? W rite them in and listen again to check yo u r answers.

A Can you b reak into it?

B I t - set o ff the alarm

A W e - p hone an d ask som eone to b rin g th em L e t’s see I t’s a

fifty-m in u te drive If t h e y _ now , th e y ’d -h e re b y tw o

B T h a t’s too late W e _ get to the airp o rt in tim e

B W e - call the police T h e y - be a b le to o p en it

L IS T E N IN G

I Listen to these workerd comments {53}

1 W e c a n ’t get the sta ff we need

2 O u r su p p liers are ch arg in g us a fortune

3 E v e ry th in g ’s g o in g up: rent, heat, light, salaries,

4 O u r ag en ts n ev er get it right E ith er they o rd e r too m any o r th ey o rd er too few

5 T hey are not in terested in the w ork T hey d o n ’t care w h eth er th ey d o a good jo b o r not

6 O u r stocks are g ettin g b ig g e r and bigger

7 If the m an ag e m en t told us w hat they w anted, w e ’d kn o w w hat to aim at

8 T he m a rk e t’s g e ttin g sm aller day by day

Match each com m ent to one o f these problems W hat problems are they complaining about?

a rising inventory co sts?

b poor sta ff m o tiv atio n

c increasing o v erh ead s

d personnel sh o rtag es

e high m aterials co sts

f un clear g o als an d strateg ies

g falling d em an d

h inaccurate sales fo recasts

Now listen again and check.

II You will hear three parts of a com pany m eeting Listen and complete the chart The first person you will hear talking is from the c o m p a n y 's head office The second person is from a foreign sales office {54, 55, 56}

W hat the h e a d o ffic e w ants

W hat the sales office w ants?

Do they agree on a

co m p ro m ise?

yes! no? yes/ n o? y e s / no?

W hat m isu n d e rsta n d in g did they have about th e sales sta tistic s?

III Listen to the first part again, then act out a similar conversation with a partner These boxes will help you {54}

IV Listen to the second part of the conversation again and answer these questions.

1 H ow do they c alc u late the sales targ ets?

2 W hy w ere last y e a r’s sales u n usual?

3 H ow d oes the w o m an ju s tify h er a rg u m en t? W h a t d o e s she say ?

V Listen to the third part of the conversation again and complete this question

C ould we go th ro u g h ?

W hich w ords are stressed in th ese se n te n c e s and w hy?

Y o u 're g o in g to s e n d us y o u r sa les fig u r e s ev e ry w eek.

A n d y o u 'r e g o in g to p a y f o r f o u r d a y s ' s e c r e ta ria l h e lp ea c h m o n th

N o W e a g re e d to p a y f o r on e day.

I tried to p h o n e you all m o rn n g , but your line w a s constantly en ga ge d Y esterday

¡evening væ to ok delivery o f 350 cham pagne glasses from yo u r com pany;

H ow e ver, w he n w e opened the boxes, at least a th ird o f them w ere broken As your c on fe re nce on stress m anagem ent starts to m o rro w I w o u ld be gra teful if you

c o u ld s en d s om e repla cem ent glasses today

P le a se gwe th is m atter your im m ediate attention

I lo o k fo rw a rd to he aring from you

1 In 2004, in c o n n e c tio n w ith a d ifferen t order, you sent O c e a n V iew this fax R ead it th ro u g h W hen w as d eliv ery p ro m ised for?

2 Now read this reply which you received from O cean V iew shortly afterw ards

W hat reaso n w as given fo r the d elay ?

FAX # 0097 05 / 06 / 2004

FROM Pacific International TO Fred Duvall, Ocean View Supplies

Re: Our order 678>

L a s t m onth we ordered from you 120 boxes o f y o u r a rtic le No 231 You promised delivery on 3 0 May 2 0 0 4 So fa r we have n o t received

th is shipm ent and have n o t heard from you

Please arrange fo r im m ediate sh ip m e n t and Inform us when th e shipm ent will arrive here

Thank you for your fax We are very sorry for the delay in shipping your order.

We normally pride ourselves on keeping to our delivery dates, but in this case our suppliers shipped to us late and the components did not arrive here till last Tuesday I am glad to be able

to say that your order is being packed for export now.

We will ship the goods on July 8 ex Newark to Rotterdam The shipment will arrive in London on July 16.

Again, we are very sorry, but it was beyond our control We greatly regret any inconvenience that may have been caused.

Best,

Ocean View Supplies

3 D ecide w hat you are g o in g to do:

• W hat w ill you tell Mr R obinson, your pro d u ctio n m an ag e r?

• W ill you telep h o n e O cean V iew , fax them o r send th em a letter?

• W hat w ill you say o r w rite?

4 D raft a letter o r fax - or m ake notes fo r a p hone call

• set up y o u r ow n b u sin ess

• speak b etter E n g lish

• have o n e m ore h o u r in the day

Explain why Say w hat the co n se q u e n c e s w ould be

II What w ould happen if you did som e of these thin gs?

I f I g o t up tw e n ty m in u te s earlier, I w o u ld n 't b e in a rush in the m o rn in g s

I f I p r e p a r e d f o r th e m o rn in g a t the n ig h t b efo re, I ' d sle e p b e tte r a t night.

III Com plete the sentences with your own ideas.

1 I w ould h ave to m ove h o u se if

2 If the traffic in the m o rn in g w a sn ’t so bad,

3 I w ould h an d in m y notice if

4 If I asked m y b o ss fo r a pay rise,

5 I w ould em ig rate if

6 If th ese m ac h in e s w ere not so ex p en siv e, w e

7 If we had e n o u g h m oney,

8 I w ould send h er a fax if

9 If I had as m uch m o n ey as Bill G ates o f M icro so ft,

10 If I got a jo b in L o n d o n , I

IV We use Supposing when we imagine hypothetical situations

Ask a partner what they would do in the following situations.

a Supposing y o u r b o ss w an ted you to spend y o u r s u m m e r v acatio n takinj

an E n g lish co u rse W h at w ould you do?

b Supposing you w an ted to start y o u r ow n b u sin e ss W h a t sort o f busines:

w ould it be?

c Supposing so m eo n e o ffered you a jo b in Iraq at tw ic e y o u r presen salary W o u ld you tak e the jo b ?

d Supposing the jo b w ere in the USA W hat w o u ld y ou do ?

e Supposing y o u r c o m p a n y gave you a large su m o f m o n e y to invest ii

y o u r d ep artm en t W h a t w ould you spend it on?

f Supposing you w ere m ad e red u n d an t W h a t w o u ld y ou d o ?

P R O N U N C IA T IO N

I You will hear someone saying a sentence seven tim es Each time he/ she stresses a different word Underline the word he/ sh stresses {57}

1 I d id n 't say w e w ould pay you five h u n d re d p o u n d s

2 I d id n 't say w e w ould pay you five h u n d re d p o u n d s

3 I d id n 't say w e w ould pay you five h u n d re d p o u n d s

4 I d id n 't say w e w o u ld pay you five h u n d re d p o u n d s

5 I d id n ’t say w e w ould pay you five h u n d red pounds.

6 I d id n ’t say w e w ould pay you five hund red pounds

7 I d id n ’t say we w ould pay you five hund red p o u n d s

II C hanging the w ords you stress in a sentence can change the meaning as well.

Listen again and m atch each sentence above to the correct explanation below

a I said we w ould pay you one hundred

b T he M an ag in g D irecto r said we w ould

c I said we w ould len d it to you

d I said five h u n d red dollars

e I said w e w ould pay o u r agent

f I ju s t said so m eo n e w ould

g I on ly said w e m ight

III. Now w ork with a partner Practise saying the sentences aloud stressing a different word each time Your partner should listen to which word you stress, then supply the right explanation.

4 B efore w e fin ish , c o u ld we ju s t go w hat w e ’ve ag re e d o n ce ag a in ? (7)

5 If a client d o e s n 't agree to a proposal, the n eg o tiato r w ill suggest

so m e (12)

6 W h a t w ill you give on the list p rice? (8)

7 T he p rice is re a s o n a b le and it fav o rab ly w ith o u r c o m p e tito rs (8)

8 A tw o-w eek cred it period is too short I ’m afraid w e c o u ld n ’t that (6)

9 If w e placed a large ord er, w ould y o u the d is c o u n t to 15% ? (8)

Down

1 T ry to reach an a g reem en t by d iscussion (9)

10M

A

MTADC

A

I

S P E A K IN G

RESPONDING TO COMPLAINTS

1 Giving bad news

missing ite m s here in our

3 Prom ising to do som ething

I’ll look in to th e problem

I’ll d is p a tc h th e m issing item s

to d a y

4 O ffering to do som ething

Would you like me t o send i t by express mail?

Shall I send i t to d a y ?

I Discuss these problems on the telephone with a partner Student A use the information below Student B, turn to File 21 on page 221.

1 A c lien t p h o n es you about an invoice A sk fo r in v o ice n u m b e r and date

P ro m ise to look into th e problem , and ask w hen you can call back

2 Call back A p o lo g ize-th e invoice is fo r $800, not $ 9 0 0 P ro m ise to send

2 M s G erald o p h o n es you back Y our ad d ress is 149 E ast R iv er D rive,

T renton, N ew Jersey A sk if it’s po ssib le to d eliv er tom orrow

II Work in pairs or sm all groups Read the situations below and discuss the problem s Try to find com prom ise solutions.

Before you b eg in , d e c id e w ho is g o in g to rep resen t th e h e a d o ffic e a n d w ho is going to rep resen t the sales staff.

1 one o f o u r cu sto m ers

T hey say th ey c a n ’t pay

us until next year

4 secu rity Som eone is

stealing sm all q u an tities

of office supplies

a n y w h ere as cen tral and

c o n v en ie n t as this

5 the chem ical treatm ent

plant I t’s not big

enough

take o u r custom elsew here

w e ’d o n ly g e t a sm all part o f the m o n ey they

ow e us

6 our landord H e w ants

to increase the office

rents by 30%

go back to stage one and redesign it

w ould w e p o iso n the

su rro u n d in g w ild life?

IV Think of more possible solutions and consequences fo r the

problems Make sentences beginning We could and B u t if we

did,

V Think of another business problem, real or imaginary Describe it

to your classmates and together, decide what to do about it.

1 we em p lo y u n tra in e d sta ff —> it e n ab le s us to red u c e o u r w age bill

2 we d o n 't ch e c k the invoices —» we pay them q u ick ly

3 we k eep la rg e r sto ck s —» w e d o n ’t run out o f any lines

4 we d o n ’t up d ate o u r co m p u te r system it saves a lot o f m o n ey

5 we em p lo y m o re peo p le —> we d o n ’t have to w ork so hard.

II This is a conversation between a hotel m anager and a guest Put the sentences in order, the first sentence has been done.

□ a M ay be it w as, but could you send so m eo n e to look at it ag ain ?

□ c I ’m very so rry about th at, sir I ’m su rp rised , b e c a u se th e system

w as c h eck ed last w eek

□ d Y o u ’re w elcom e Shall I send a p o rter to m ove y o u r lu g g a g e ?

□ e N o, it’s a little m ore, but we w o n ’t ask you to pay th e difference

□ f No, th a t’s O K , th an k s I can m anage

□ g I ’m afraid th a t’s not po ssib le on a Sunday W o u ld y ou like me to find you a n o th e r room for ton ig h t?

a h G ood m o rn in g , sir D id you sleep w ell?

□ j Let m e ch eck Y es, R oom 321 is free T h a t’s on the th ird floor

□ k N o, not really I think th e re ’s a p ro b lem w ith the air-co n d itio n in g

in m y room I t ’s very noisy

□ 1 T h an k you T h a t’s very kind o f yo.u

III Look at these extracts from four letters Com plete each sentence

Then decide w hat to write in your reply to each as if it was your

fault in each case.

W e a/ie concerned, th a t the o'uleA- we placed, luf, le tte r on 9 S e p m ay haue cfot lo it in th e p a il Gould, you p le a ie

the tyulefi hai n o t y e t avU oed a t oust wa/iehouie, euen though toe leceuted ashuce o^ ihippincj, ^uun you ten d a y s acfo W ould, you

aỉxxyiđùtỉỷ io tỷữUA- ioale- o ị ciuisuịeí tiie psùce ữị a iùtCỷle worn UMỈẤ

ItaiU U $4 0 incluttùtẹ tax Jioweoen., on cltecJedtKf m y acooiud laien a

¿¿ioaoened th at!)w & i cltatofe $59.50 peK nùỷiit hJdL ifou ọieaAe

3 U /1 vul&i to o l ịo l SO luyxei cantaúiúuị /3 0 item s each £ach iax we have- opened, i a ịa /1 oattiaitui o n ly to o item i W illIfau ọieaAe-

IV Think of an occasion when you were dissatisfied with the quality of a product or service received and w rite the type of reply you would have liked to receive.

h oàn toàn m ới/m ới toanh

C hất tạo bọt và m ùi thơm ch o bồn tắm

m u a h à n g với số lượng lớnphạt h uỷ bỏ hợ p đổng

tù nhỏ

sự th o ả h iệpchư ơng trình hành độngthời h ạn tín dụng

th eo tập quán

ch ữ viết (hình vẽ) ng u ệch n goạc

đ ổ xuốngbản sao, phiên bản

early settlem en t d isco u n t ch iết khấu do thanh to án trước thờ i hạn

sta ff sh are -o w n e rsh ip sch em e cơ c h ế bán cổ phần ch o n h â n viên tro n g công ty

support d o cu m e n ta tio n tài liệu h ỗ trợ

U n i t 1 0 DEVELOPMENTS

Objectives

• M astering a d je c tiv e s and a dverbs.

• P roviding k n o w led g e on d iscu ssin g im p ro v em en ts, c h a n g e s, grap h s

• F orm ing ap p ro p riate m an n er

V erb s o f change: rise, fa l l, etc

A d jectiv es and adverbs

W o rd s w ith silent letters

C harts and graphs

I Com plete the graphs.

1 The rate o f unemployment increased 2 Interest rates decreased by 2% in May.

to 11% in September.

F*t> Marc* Apr« May

3 Inflation went down from 5.5% in

II C om plete the sentences below about the sales figures Use a

preposition (at, to, from, by, etc.)

1 Sales stay ed _ 5,000 units in January

2 T h ey in c r e a s e d - 8 ,0 0 0 in M arch - 9 ,0 0 0 in M arch

3 T h ey d e c r e a s e d - 4 ,0 0 0 in M ay

4 T hey f e l l - 5 ,0 0 0 in July

5 T hey rose _ 5 ,0 0 0 7,000 in S eptem ber

6 T hey in creased _ 8 ,0 0 0 betw een S ep tem b er and N ovem ber

7 T hey rem ain ed stead y - 8,000 in D ecem ber

III Com plete these sentences with the correct preposition.

II Listen again and note why these things h appened {58}

1 Sales in creased in M arch

2 Sales fell in M ay

3 Sales ro se in July

4 Sales in c re a se d in S eptem ber

5 Sales w ent d o w n in N ovem ber

READING

|ễ W hat do you know about the Coca-Cola C om pany? Do you know the story of:

• the in v en to r o f C oke?

• the fam o u s C o ca-C o la c o n to u r bottle?

• the secret fo rm u la?

• C oke and W o rld W ar II?

• ‘N ew C o k e ’?

T-H6 STORV o v CỠK6

Dr John Styth P em b erto n m a d e it in his b ack y ard , took it to his local pharm acy, and they put it on sale at 5

cents a glass H an d -p ain ted signs

saying ‘C o ca-C o la’ appeared outside the store and inside signs invited custom ers to ‘D rin k ’ But sales d id n ’t

take off In the first y ear they

averaged ju st 9 d inks a day

He thought it w ould n ev er be very successful an d he stead ily sold h is sh a re s

in the b u sin ess to d iffe re n t p artn ers In 1888, ju s t befo re he d ied , h e sold his last shares to A sa G C a n d le r, a b u sin essm an fro m A tlan ta

He d istrib u ted th o u s a n d s o f co u p o n s fo r a co m p lim e n ta ry g lass o f C oca-

Cola and he p ro m o ted th e d rin k w ith so u v en ir fans, c a le n d a rs, c lo c k s, and novelties Sales rose d ra m a tic a lly and by 1892, th ey w ere ten tim e s th eir

1888 level

C oca-C ola had to d e v e lo p a b o ttlin g system and set u p p lan ts T he first

bottling p la n t o p e n e d in V ick sb u rg in 1894 an d ov er the n ex t 25 y ears, the

num ber o f p lan ts ro se from tw o to ov er a th o u san d O th e r soft d rin k com panies tried to im itate (he C oca- C ola taste so the c o m p a n y k ep t the

d rin k ’s fo rm u la secret an d search ed for a d istin ctiv e pack ag e In 1916, th ey

introduced the first b o ttle w ith the fam o u s C o ca-C o la sh a p e.