Assessment and experience of environmental situation in new rural construction in duong quang and nong thuong communes in bac kan city, bac kan province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY HOANG HONG SON ASSESSMENT AND EXPERIENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN DUONG QUANG AND NONG TH

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

HOANG HONG SON

ASSESSMENT AND EXPERIENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN DUONG QUANG

AND NONG THUONG COMMUNES IN BAC KAN CITY,

BAC KAN PROVINCE

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2017 - 2021

Supervisor : Nguyen Thanh Hai

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree program Bachelor of Science and Environmental Management

Student code DTN1854390004

Subject Name

Assessment and Experience of Environmental Situation

in New Rural Construction in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong Communes in Bac Kan City, Bac Kan Province Instructor Mr Nguyen Thanh Hai

Instructor's signature

Summary: This study assesses the environmental protection work under the national target program in new rural construction With criterion 17 on environmental protection and food safety and hygiene, it is proposed to aim at sustainable rural development, socializing, and greening the countryside In addition, specific measures in each aspect of new rural construction are also suggested so that people, ministries, and agencies have particular methods in environmental protection The study also clearly shows the implementation of Criterion No 17 of the new rural office in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes, thereby evaluating and drawing lessons from experience to build, add and implement new measures The new law on environmental protection in new rural construction

Keywords Environment, rural, criterion No 17

Date of Submission

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

After six months of practicing and completing my graduation thesis, I have experienced many difficulties and problems But with the support and support from family, teachers, and friends, I could overcome difficulties to complete the idea First of all, I would like to thank my family for always being there to encourage and support me during difficult times during the completion of the course., It also allowed me to go to school

Secondly, I would like to thank Mr Nguyen Thanh Hai for always guiding, giving suggestions and ideas to make my thesis more scientific and professional Also, thank you for the love he have given me

Special thanks to the IFAD project director in Vietnam, Mr Hoang Van Giap, for helping and allowing me to complete the thesis

Thank you to the teachers at the advanced Program for teaching me helpful knowledge and always supporting me during my study period

Special thanks also to the class of 49 advanced programs for accompanying

me during the past years Finally, I wish you good health, success, and happiness

in your teaching career Bring useful knowledge and continue to nurture future bachelors and masters

Thai Nguyen, day…month…year

Hoàng Hồng Sơn

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLE 1

LIST OF FIGURE 3

PART I INTRODUCE 4

1.1 Research institution 4

1.2 Research subjects 5

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses: 6

1.3.1 Research question 6

1.3.2 Hypothesis 6

1.4 Limit 6

1.5 Definition 7

PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 8

2.1 Overview of the rural environment 8

2.1.1 General concept of the rural environment 8

2.1.2 Origins of the rural environment 8

2.1.3 National target on new rural construction 8

2.2 The organizational structure of the new rural management apparatus 27

2.3 Environmental situation in new rural construction in Vietnam and in the world 28

2.3.1 In the world 28

2.3.2 In Viet Nam 28

PART III: RESEARCH METHOD 30

3.1 Time and scope of research 30

3.2 Research content 30

3.3 Study Area 30

3.4 Research Methods 33

3.4.1 Primary data 33

3.4.2 Secondary data 33

3.5 Data analysis 33

3.6 Treatment method 33

PART IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 34

4.1 There is a percentage of households that have access to hygienic and clean water 34

4.2 Production-business establishments, aquaculture, craft villages ensure environmental protection 36

4.3 Meet the standards of the landscape, the environment is assessed as green - clean – beautiful 36

4.4 Burial in accordance with regulations and according to the plan 37

4.5 Solid waste in the area and wastewater in concentrated residential areas, production, and business establishments shall be collected and treated according to regulations 37

4.5.1 About wastewater 37

4.5.2 About solid waste 38

4.5.3 About collection and transportation of plant protection drug packages 39

4.5.4 About agricultural by-products 39

4.6 Households have latrines, bathrooms, and water tanks that are hygienic and clean 40

4.7 Percentage of livestock households with livestock barns that ensure environmental hygiene 40

4.8 Households and food production, and business establishments comply with regulations on ensuring food safety 41

PART V: CONCLUSION 59

REFERENCE 60

APPENDICES 62

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 Sanitary Water Standards 11

Table 2 Values of pollution parameters as the basis for calculating the maximum allowable value in domestic wastewater 13

Table 3 Maximum allowable limits for mineral mixtures 15

Table 4 Maximum allowable limit for vitamin mixture 15

Table 5 Maximum allowable limits for mineral-vitamin mixtures 15

Table 6 Maximum allowable limit of pesticide residues in soil 18

Table 7 Basic technical parameters of medical solid waste incinerator 21

Table 8 Maximum allowable values of pollution parameters in the exhaust gas 22

Table 9 Standards for dry latrines 23

Table 10 Standards for latrines 24

Table 11 Standards of hygienic stables 26

Table 12 Livestock wastewater standards 26

Table 13 Number of population in two communes 32

Table 14 Sampling locations 42

Table 15 Test results 42

Table 16 Sampling locations 43

Table 17 Test results 44

Table 18 Amount of solid waste 47

Table 19 Amount of Medical Waste 48

Table 20 Number of households meeting barn standards 50

Table 21 Total number of households with water consumption 50

Table 22 Total number of households with bathrooms 51 Table 23 Total number of households with domestic water tanks 52 Table 24 Number of households guaranteed 3 Clean 52 Table 25 Current status and environmental criterion number 17 in the new

countryside 2011 53 Table 26 Current status and environmental criterion number 17 in the new

countryside 2020 54 Table 27 Results of interviews with local people 56

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1 Organization chart of the new rural management apparatus from province

to village 27 Figure 2 Map of Duong Quang commune 31 Figure 3 Map of Nong Thuong commune 32 Figure 4 Women in Nong Thuong commune clean village roads and alleys 46 Figure 5 Officials and people organize the distribution and cleaning of village roads 46 Figure 6 Waste incinerator in Na Ban commune – Nong Thuong 48 Figure 7 Officials and people clearing sewage drains in residential areas 49

PART I INTRODUCE 1.1 Research institution

The environment is a combination of natural and social factors surrounding

a system or individual or thing Or more clearly, the environment is a collection

of natural and man-made factors surrounding people, affecting life activities and affecting people such as water, air, humidity, human social organisms, and human beings In addition, it also provides natural resources such as soil, rock, ire, biological resources The environment is a place to store and assimilate human waste in the process of use and exploitation Resources after being exploited will be released into the environment as solids Over time these wastes are decomposed by physical, biological, and microbiological impacts and returned to serve humans As a place to store waste, but it also has limits; if exceeded, it will cause imbalance and environmental pollution In the trend of development and integration, as an agricultural country, Vietnam is very focused

on developing and promoting agricultural investment In recent years, Vietnam has grown strongly in agriculture with many luxury points, such as the GDP growth rate of the whole industry exceeding 2.71%/year Total export turnover exceeded the target, many communes met new rural standards, and the total income

of rural farmers was estimated at 43 million VND/person Besides the economic benefits that agriculture brings This activity also leads to the exploitation and destruction of forests or the reclamation and destruction of land, increasing rural environmental pollution, but many cities and provinces have not developed

socio-environment Bac Kan is a difficult province located in the northeast; communes and districts mainly rely on agriculture for economic development and development In recent years, Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes have risen up in agricultural development and reached new rural standards, bringing many economic benefits as well as jobs for local people, contributing to promoting the development

of rural areas Local economic development Besides the benefits of economic development and employment for Bac Kan province, these two communes still maintain their responsibility to protect the village/commune environment based on sustainable development in agriculture Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and learn from experience on environmental management in new rural development in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes

Stemming from the above fact, and with the enthusiastic guidance of teachers, I have carried out the topic "Report on assessment and experience of environmental management in new rural development in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communess in Bac Kan city, Bac Kan province’’ order to still apply theoretical knowledge in practice To draw lessons from experience and propose management methods in environmental management in new rural development

1.2 Research subjects

- Determining the rural environment in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes

- Assessment of environmental status upon completion of new rural areas in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong

- Propose solutions to improve the efficiency of environmental management and contribute to environmental protection

1.3 Research questions and hypotheses:

Issues on collection and sanitation:

In fact, the collection of waste and pesticide packaging in Duong Quang and Nong Thuong communes has not worked effectively; there are many places

in the two communes where there is still littering and indiscriminate packaging

On the farms and living environment in the two communes, there is still a lot of waste, plastic bags, packaging of pesticides, pesticides, many rivers and streams are still stagnant, the soil in some places is still alum

Management and handling:

Agricultural waste on the farm has not been properly and thoroughly treated

by people, and the situation of burning and littering is not in the right place,

Environmental awareness:

Propaganda and advocacy for environmental protection in general and agricultural waste management and treatment have not been paid much attention and attention Propaganda campaigns are mainly carried out through word of mouth or through loudspeakers Many people have not participated in activities campaigning and propagating to protect the rural environment

1.5 Definition

The environment is the combination of natural and social factors surrounding the outside of a system or an individual; in biology, environmental can be defined as a combination of climatic, ecological, Societies, and soils that affect living organisms and determine their modes of existence

New rural development is a revolution and a great movement for rural communities to build their villages, communes, and families clean and beautiful

At the same time, with the comprehensive development of agriculture, industry, and services, people have a guaranteed cultural lifestyle, environment, and rural security, and their income and material and spiritual life are improved

PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of the rural environment

2.1.1 General concept of the rural environment

The rural environment is a place to live, a place of production, and a place

to store national culture and identity to inspire and motivate rural development However, the rural environmental landscape is becoming very fragile before the pressures of life, economy, and society

2.1.2 Origins of the rural environment

The root of human life has only three things, including oxygen, drinking water, and food These three things are very closely associated with the landscape and the rural environment If well maintained to create a source of livelihood, ensure good health – that is the real quality of life Other physical conditions such as electricity, roads, schools, stations, houses are complementary conditions, helping to increase quantitative factors for human life

2.1.3 National target on new rural construction

The National Target Program on New Rural Areas is a comprehensive program on socio-economic development, politics and security, and defense developed by the Vietnamese government and deployed on a nationwide rural scale The Program is set out with the common goal of building a new rural area with a step-by-step modern socio-economic infrastructure; economic structure, and reasonable production forms linking agriculture with the rapid development of industry and services; to associate rural development with the rapid development of

ecological environment is protected; security and order are maintained; people's material and spiritual life is increasingly improved; socialist orientation

The National Target Program on building new rural areas is quantified and concretized through the set of criteria for new rural communes with 19 criteria;

In which criteria 17 on environment and food safety are worthy of attention because it is the criterion of environmental protection in parallel with the step-by-step construction of new rural areas

Content of criterion 17 on environment and food safety in new rural development:

The promotion of rural development so that the agricultural economy in Vietnam in general and villages, in particular, is something that the Vietnamese government is always interested in and aims at; besides focusing on promoting the economy, the government is also very important The focus on the environment in the construction of new rural areas is aimed at sustainable development in agriculture Specifically, the eight indicators of environmental criteria are as follows:

17.1 Percentage of households using hygienic and clean water according to

regulations

17.2 Percentage of production - business establishments, aquaculture, craft

villages meeting regulations on environmental protection

17.3 Building landscape, green - clean - beautiful, safe environment

17.4 Burial in accordance with regulations and according to the plan

Targets Content

17.5 Solid waste in the area and wastewater in concentrated residential

areas, production, and business establishments shall be collected and treated according to regulations

17.6 Percentage of households with latrines, bathrooms, and clean water

tanks

17.7 Percentage of livestock households with livestock barns that ensure

environmental hygiene

17.8 Percentage of households and food production and business

establishments that comply with regulations on ensuring food safety

2.1.3.1 Sanitary water and clean water

Sanitary water is water that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, does not contain ingredients that can affect human health, can be used for drinking after boiling Domestic wastewater is the type of water discharged from the daily activities of people in areas: urban areas, commercial centers, amusement parks, restaurants, offices, residential communities

Accordingly, following the instructions No 337/HD-BCD dated September

7, 2017, and 606/HD-BCD of the Steering Committee for the implementation of the National Target programs and additional documents regulating the implementation of the National Target Programs environmental protection

Table 1 Sanitary Water Standards

No Target name Unit

No Target name Unit

9222

A

(Source: National regulation on drinking water)

Table 2 Values of pollution parameters as the basis for calculating the

maximum allowable value in domestic wastewater

8 Animal and vegetable fats and oils mg/l 10 20

(Source: National regulation on drinking water)

2.1.3.2 Production-business establishments, aquaculture, craft villages ensure environmental protection

Thereby also in the guidance No 377/HD-BCD for production and business establishments, aquaculture, agricultural establishments, medical facilities, food and food processing organizations, Households also need to follow these steps:

• Having an environmental impact assessment report or an environmental protection plan as prescribed in Clause 3, Section 1, Appendix to Decree No

40/2019/ND-CP on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the decrees detailed regulations, guiding the implementation of the law on environmental protection

• Certificate of completion of environmental protection works for production and business establishments specified in column 4, List of Clause 3, Section 1, Appendix No 40/2019/ND-CP

• Production, processing, and service establishments that generate hazardous wastes, which are specified in Article 12, Circular 36/2015/TT-BTNMT, must declare and register hazardous waste source owners submit it to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment for consideration and grant of a register of hazardous waste source owners

• Production, processing, and service establishments engaged in underground water extraction and wastewater discharge into water sources subject to regulations

in Decree No 201/2013/ND-CP and Circular 27/2017/ TT_BTNMT must carry out procedures to apply for a license to exploit underground water and apply for a permit to discharge wastewater into water sources

• For production, business, and service establishments that have records on environmental protection, they must fully comply with the contents of environmental protection committed in the results of environmental protection documents Segregation and treatment of waste For establishments that are not subject to the above-mentioned documents still have to fully implement environmental protection during their operation

Table 3 Maximum allowable limits for mineral mixtures

(Source: National technical regulation on aquaculture)

Table 4: Maximum allowable limit for vitamin mixture

1 Salmonella CFU/25g (ml) Not detected

(Source: National technical regulation on aquaculture)

Table 5: Maximum allowable limits for mineral-vitamin mixtures

2.1.3.3 Burial in accordance with regulations and according to the plan

• The Burial, Burial, and cremation shall comply with the provisions of

Circular No -2/2009/TT_BYT of the Ministry of Health, guiding hygiene in Burial and cremation activities

• Eliminate superstitious, outdated customs and other cumbersome rituals,

do not perform Burial in the field

2.1.3.4 Solid waste in the area and wastewater in concentrated residential areas, production, and business establishments shall be collected and treated

• For dispersed residential areas, difficult terrain, households must have wastewater collection and treatment facilities such as septic tanks or manholes for sedimentation before discharging into the environment Household wastewater does not overflow, dump waste indiscriminately into village roads, alleys, and do not form stagnant water puddles or ponds

About solid waste:

Solid waste from households should be classified at source according to the following principles: waste capable of being reused and recycled; Food waste; Other

domestic solid waste After sorting, daily-life solid waste is managed as follows:

• Encourage the maximum use of food waste to make organic fertilizer,

animal feed

• Solid waste capable of being reused and recycled shall be transferred to organizations, individuals for reuse, recycling, or functional establishments that

collect and transport domestic solid waste

• Food waste that cannot be utilized must be transferred to an establishment

that has the function of collecting and transporting domestic solid waste

• Other solid wastes must be contained, packed in prescribed packages, and transferred to establishments having the function of collecting and transporting

daily-life solid wastes

Regarding the collection and transportation of plant protection drug packages:

• Accordingly, the issues related to the transportation of plant protection drug packages are clearly shown in the guiding document No 436/SNN-TT&BVTV of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Bac Kan province

Table 6: Maximum allowable limit of pesticide residues in soil

The main purpose of use

1 Atrazine (C 8 H 14 ClN 5 )

Atra 500 SC, Atranex 80 WP, Co-co 50 50 WP, Fezprim 500

FW, Gesaprim 80 WP/BHN,

500 FW/DD, Maizine 80 WP, Mizin 50 WP, 80 WP, Sanazine 500 SC

0,10

Except for grass

3

Cypermethrin

(C 22 H 19 Cl 2 NO 3 )

Antiborer 10 EC, Celcide 10 EC

0,10

Preservation

of forest products

4 Cartap (C 7 H 15 N 3 O 2 S 2 )

Alfatap 95 SP, Cardan 95 SP, Mapan 95 SP, 10 G, Padan 50

0,10

Except for grass

6

Diazinon (C 12 H 21 N 2 O 3 PS)

Agrozinon 60 EC, Azinon 50

10

Fenvalerate

(C 25 H 22 ClNO 3 )

Cantocidin 20 EC, Encofenva

20 EC, Fantasy 20 EC, Pyvalerate 20 EC, Sumicidin

Đạo ôn linh 40 EC, Caso one

40 EC, Fuan 40 EC, Fuji - One

0,10

Except for grass

Except for grass

15 Simazine (C 7 H 12 ClN 5 )

Gesatop 80 WP/BHM, 500 FW/DD, Sipazine 80 WP, Visimaz 80 BTN …

0,10

Except for grass

16

Trichlorfon (C 4

-H 8 Cl 3 O 4 P)

Địch Bách Trùng 90 SP, Sunchlorfon 90 SP

0,05 Insecticides

17 2,4-D(C 8 H 6 Cl 2 O 3 )

A.K 720 DD, Amine 720 DD, Anco 720 DD, Canton 80 WP, Desormone 60 E.C., 70 E.C.,

Co Broad 80 WP, Sanaphen

600 SL, 720 SL …

0,10

Except for grass

19 Captan (C 9 H 8 Cl 3 NO 2 S)

Captain 75 WP, Merpan 75 W.P…

0,01 prohibited use

0,01 prohibited use

23 DDT (C 14 H 9 Cl 5 )

Neocid, Pentachlorin, Chlorophenothane…

0,01 prohibited use

27 Heptachlor (C 10 H 5 Cl 7 ) Drimex, Heptamul, Heptox… 0,01 prohibited use

28

Hexachlorobenzene

(C 6 Cl 6 )

monohydrate

Copas NAP 90 G, PMD 4 90 bột, PBB 100 bột

0,01 prohibited use

(Source: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment)

About medical waste:

Medical waste is solid waste arising from medical activities, including hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste

A medical, solid waste incinerator is a medical, solid waste treatment system by incineration with an exhaust gas treatment system

Medical solid waste incinerator is a medical solid waste treatment system by

incineration with an exhaust gas treatment system

Table 7: Basic technical parameters of medical solid waste incinerator

value

1 Primary combustion zone temperature °C ≥ 650

2 Secondary combustion zone temperature °C ≥ 1.050

3 Burning time in secondary combustion zone s ≥ 2

4 Residual oxygen (measured at sampling point) % 6 - 15

5 Outside temperature of furnace shell (or

6 Exhaust gas temperature to the environment

(measured at the sampling point) °C ≤ 180

(Source: Ministry of Health)

Table 8: Maximum allowable values of pollution parameters in the exhaust gas

value

1 Primary combustion zone temperature °C ≥ 650

2 Secondary combustion zone temperature °C ≥ 1.050

3 Burning time in the secondary combustion zone s ≥ 2

4 Residual oxygen (measured at sampling point) % 6 - 15

5 Outside temperature of furnace shell (or

6 Exhaust gas temperature to the environment

(measured at the sampling point)

(Source: Ministry of Health)

About agricultural by-products (straw, straw, dried plants):

Organize the collection and treatment of agricultural by-products; households and production facilities must collect and process agricultural by-

products for use as fertilizer, fuel, animal feed, mushroom production add

2.1.3.5 Households have latrines, bathrooms, and water tanks that are hygienic

and clean

A latrine is a system for collecting and on-site treatment of human feces and urine; a hygienic latrine is a latrine that ensures the isolation of human feces, preventing untreated feces from contacting animals Insect Capable of killing pathogens in feces without causing unpleasant odors and polluting the surrounding environment

Toilets are classified into two types:

+ Dry latrines are latrines that do not use water to flush after each bowel movement Manure is stored and handled under dry composting conditions

+ Septic latrine is a flush latrine, closed fecal storage and treatment tank, non-permeable wastewater, feces, and urine stored in a storage tank and treated

in the water environment

Thereby, the content in guide No 377/HD-BCD also clearly stated the standards of hygienic latrines and bathrooms to ensure three cleanliness

Table 9 Standards for dry latrines

Do not build in a place that is often flooded or waterlogged

10m or more away from drinking and living water sources

The crater is at least 20cm higher than the surrounding ground

Do not let rainwater overflow into the manure pit

The floor of the latrine and the drains for collecting urine are smooth, not

stagnant, not slippery, not cracked, broken, or subsided; Urine is drained to the

container, not into the fecal pit

Has a lid to close the drain holes

There is a roof to prevent rainwater; The door and around the latrine are

discreetly covered, ensuring aesthetics

The vent pipe has an inner diameter of at least 90mm, is at least 400mm higher

than the roof of the latrine, and has an insect screen and rain cover

(Content of criteria 17.6 )

Table 10 Standards for latrines The storage and treatment tank does not sink, sink, crack, or leak

The lid of the storage tank and the fecal treatment tank is sealed, no cracks The floor of the toilet is smooth, flat, and does not stagnate, slippery

The toilet has a watertight stopper

There is a roof to prevent rainwater; The door and around the latrine are

discreetly covered, ensuring aesthetics

The vent pipe has an inner diameter of at least 20mm, at least 400mm higher

than the latrine roof

Wastewater from the treatment tank of the septic tank must be drained into the

drain or seepage pit, not overflowing to the ground

Livestock wastewater is wastewater generated from livestock activities and discharged into a receiving water source

The issue of livestock barns must have sufficient documents and procedures for environmental protection as prescribed in guidance No 377/HD-BCD and the List of Clause 3, Section I of the Appendix of Decree No 40/2019/ ND-CP :

cattle or from 5,000 to less than 20,000 heads of cattle and poultry, and environmental protection plan must be formulated

• For households with a scale of fewer than 100 cattle or less than 5,000 poultry, they are not required to make an environmental protection plan but must fully implement environmental protection measures as prescribed

• Livestock and poultry cages are located far from water sources, separate from people's living quarters, periodically cleaning, disinfecting, and disinfecting cages and livestock equipment, applying collection measures for treatment livestock waste such as digging pits, composting, composting machines, using biological products, treating waste by biogas tanks

• Households have measures to treat manure, wastewater, livestock emissions to ensure environmental hygiene and not affect people around and can apply one of the following methods to treat livestock waste: rearing: treated with biogas cellar, treated with biological buffer, or treated with an organic compost pit Particularly for the form of composting pits: the pits are built with two compartments, the bottom is smooth with cement, the walls of the pits are built to prevent water from penetrating the manure, the compost pits must have a lid and

a roof to prevent rain from carrying the manure overflow, the size of the compost pit depends on the household size

• Animals that die from diseases and other hazardous wastes must be treated

in accordance with the law on veterinary medicine and environmental protection

Table 11 Standards of hygienic stables

Low amount of toxic gas

Ensure proper temperature and humidity

Tall, cool, suitable for the weather

Other equipment in the barn should be arranged reasonably

The cage should be facing the direction to avoid sunlight

The floor of the barn is high, avoiding slippery and wet in the rainy season

Choose a location that must be far from residential areas within the prescribed distance

Walls should be built of bricks to keep pets warm, and roofs should be sloped for quick drainage

(Content of criteria 17.6 )

Table 12 Livestock wastewater standards

Wastewater receiving area

2.1.3.7 Households and food production, and business establishments comply

with regulations on ensuring food safety

Regarding food safety goals, households and business establishments must strictly comply with instructions No 377/HD-BCD and No 606/HD-BCD of the Steering Committee for the implementation of national goals And supplementary documents on environmental criteria implementation

2.2 The organizational structure of the new rural management apparatus

Figure 1 Organization chart of the new rural management apparatus from

province to village

Provincial People's Committee National Target Program Steering Committee (new rural construction and sustainable poverty reduction)

Provincial New Rural Construction

Coordination Office

DISTRICT People's Committee National Target Program Steering Committee (new rural construction and sustainable poverty reduction)

District New Rural Construction Coordination Office

Commune People's Committee National target program management board (new rural construction, sustainable poverty

VILLAGE LEVEL Village Development Board

2.3 Environmental situation in new rural construction in Vietnam and in the world

2.3.1 In the world

New rural construction is an issue that countries in Asia have focused on for many years Depending on conditions and internal resources, each country sets different goals; besides building new rural areas, Asian countries also aim at environmental protection and sustainable development

In Japan in the 1950s and 60s of the twentieth century, Japan introduced 30 different laws and revised the law on agricultural land and the law on sustainable agriculture All of the above laws have been unified into a complete apparatus to create a legal corridor for environmental management as well as sustainable development

Thailand to promote sustainable development and environmental management, Thailand has adopted a number of strategies such as: Strengthening the role of individuals and organizations operating in the environment; promoting the learning movement, raise the level of individuals and groups by opening classes and professional activities

2.3.2 In Viet Nam

There are still many pressing environmental problems in rural areas; for example, product development has not paid attention to environmental protection, businesses and investors have only focused on economic development yet Paying due attention to environmental protection has not yet invested in

waste collection units The waste being packaging of plant protection chemicals has not been controlled yet; the collection still faces many limitations, difficulties

in controlling environmental pollution in craft villages, and environmental management in rural areas is still intertwined , lack of a focal point to manage, many areas are still left open Understanding the above issues, in recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has proposed national criteria for environmental protection and management in new rural development, especially criteria 17 talk about social, cultural, and environmental issues The criteria have been approved by the government, so in recent years, rural development along with environmental protection has achieved many remarkable achievements, many villages have improved the waste problem Businesses in the communes also focus on sustainable development, protecting the environment, ensuring air and water sources