Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the important roles of vocabulary expansion in improving English skills, the challenges and approaches to learn English vocabulary amon
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the research
Learning a language has become more accessible yet remains a significant challenge for learners A crucial aspect of mastering a foreign language is focusing on vocabulary, which serves as the foundation for sentence construction The ability to combine words effectively allows learners to express their thoughts clearly Therefore, expanding vocabulary is vital for enhancing English language skills.
Moreover, in the process of expanding their vocabulary, learners may face a number of difficulties that make learners feel frustrated when they do not achieve the results they want
Many learners focus more on grammar exercises than on enhancing their vocabulary This study aims to identify challenges in vocabulary expansion, enabling learners to overcome these obstacles and improve their learning effectiveness.
Expanding vocabulary is crucial for learners, as the methods they choose significantly impact their success With numerous options available, many learners feel overwhelmed and struggle to select the most effective strategies This study aims to guide learners towards efficient vocabulary expansion techniques that meet their needs.
This study seeks to provide learners with diverse insights into the significance of vocabulary expansion for enhancing English skills It addresses the challenges faced by learners and presents effective strategies for enriching their vocabulary.
This study aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations to enhance English vocabulary acquisition for language learners, particularly for English majors at the Faculty of Foreign Language at the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City.
Research objectives
This study explores the crucial role of vocabulary expansion in enhancing English skills for English majors at FFL of IUH It also examines the various challenges these students encounter while learning vocabulary Furthermore, the research proposes several strategies to assist English majors at FFL of IUH in broadening their vocabulary and improving their overall English proficiency.
Research questions
This study aims to explore the significance of expanding English vocabulary in enhancing the language skills of English majors at the Faculty of Foreign Languages (FFL) of IUH It also investigates the challenges these students encounter while learning vocabulary and offers recommendations on effective strategies for vocabulary expansion.
Scope of the research
This study aims to identify the vocabulary expansion needs of English majors at the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, from freshmen to seniors Due to the researcher's time constraints and limited resources, the study focuses on a specific group, acknowledging that the findings may not encompass all aspects of vocabulary enhancement for improving English skills.
A survey conducted with 300 students at the Faculty of Foreign Languages, IUH, aims to gather personal insights on two key aspects: the significance of vocabulary expansion in enhancing English language skills and the challenges faced in learning new words, along with effective strategies for vocabulary growth.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Learning vocabulary is the essential first step in mastering a language Vocabulary comes in various forms and levels of difficulty, and as learners acquire more advanced words, they find it easier to access and understand external knowledge and information.
Vocabulary encompasses all the words within a specific language or subject, serving a vital role in effectively conveying thoughts to others It is characterized by its diversity and richness, and can be categorized into expressive vocabulary, used in speaking, and receptive vocabulary, utilized in listening.
Vocabulary refers to the total number of words in a language, encompassing both their meanings and usage According to Hornby (1995), it is essentially a collection of words, while Hatch and Brown (1995) emphasize that vocabulary serves as a reference for language speakers, allowing them to utilize specific words effectively.
Kaufmann (2017) noted that ―passive vocabulary refers to words that learners understand but are not yet able to use‖ a Listening vocabulary
Vocabulary encompasses the words we hear and understand According to Montgomery (2007), fetuses can recognize sounds, and children learn their native language by listening and imitating the sounds of their parents and others around them This auditory learning process continues throughout our lives as we acquire additional languages By adulthood, most individuals recognize and comprehend nearly 50,000 words (Stahl, 1999; Tompkins, 2005).
Montgomery (2007) defines reading vocabulary as the words we comprehend while engaging with any text, including those we may not frequently use in conversation Through reading, individuals can acquire advanced and complex vocabulary pertinent to the subject matter This type of vocabulary is considered the most extensive, as it encompasses the other three categories of vocabulary.
Active vocabulary refers to the words that learners comprehend and utilize in their speaking and writing, as noted by Kaufmann (2017) These words are familiar, well-known, and commonly used in everyday life, forming an essential part of one's speaking vocabulary.
Effective communication relies on the words we choose, with adults typically using only 5,000 to 10,000 words in daily conversations, despite having a vocabulary of around 50,000 words (Montgomery, 2007) A person's speaking vocabulary encompasses the words they can actively use in speech, often favoring simple and familiar terms for ease of understanding.
Montgomery (2007) highlights that vocabulary used in writing consists of words we select to express our ideas and opinions These words are often less common in spoken language, making oral communication easier due to the support of facial expressions and intonation Consequently, finding the precise words for written communication can be more challenging Additionally, our writing vocabulary is significantly shaped by our spelling abilities.
2.2.1 The importance of enriching English vocabulary
Vocabulary knowledge is essential for learners to express their viewpoints effectively According to Schmitt (2000), lexical knowledge plays a crucial role in communicative competence and the learning of a second language Wilkins (1972) also emphasized the importance of vocabulary in language acquisition.
Vocabulary is essential for language production and comprehension, as it allows learners to effectively convey meaning According to Widdowson (1989) and McKeown (2002), a strong vocabulary is fundamental to understanding and using a language Therefore, to master a language, learners should prioritize expanding their vocabulary, as language comprehension can be evaluated by the number of words they memorize and utilize Ultimately, possessing a rich vocabulary is crucial for effective communication.
2.2.1.1 Expressing ideas through verbal and written communication a Expressing ideas through verbal communication
According to Hubbard (1983), a strong vocabulary enhances learners' ability to express themselves accurately, making it essential for effective communication Cardenas (2001) further emphasizes that vocabulary proficiency is a key indicator of speaking ability, highlighting its critical role in communication A robust vocabulary equips learners with the knowledge necessary for fluent speech, while a lack of vocabulary knowledge hinders their ability to convey feelings and ideas effectively.
Vocabulary is not only used through words but it is also available in written form Ediger
Variety in word selection is essential for accurately conveying meanings in both speaking and writing, as highlighted by (1999, p 1) Vocabulary plays a crucial role in writing, enabling learners to express their ideas and emotions effectively The flexibility in word choice allows for more elaborate and coherent works Research by Allen, Snow, and McNamara (2014, p 304-307) indicates a connection between literacy skills and essay quality, emphasizing the importance of cohesive word usage over time Thus, writing not only encourages learners to expand their vocabulary but also positions vocabulary as a fundamental element in expressing opinions through written communication.
2.2.1.2 Strengthening English reading and listening comprehension a Strengthening English reading comprehension
To comprehend a text effectively, learners must understand at least 97% of its vocabulary (Nation, 2001) A lack of lexical knowledge can hinder their ability to grasp the text's meaning and content Numerous authors and researchers have highlighted the importance of combining vocabulary acquisition with the enhancement of reading skills.
In 2013, it was emphasized that students must grasp the meanings of critical words to enhance their reading comprehension A strong vocabulary, combined with background knowledge, significantly improves students' ability to understand texts Consequently, learners acknowledge the vital role of vocabulary in reading comprehension, and expanding their vocabulary can further boost their reading skills Additionally, enhancing English listening comprehension is essential for overall language proficiency.
Listening comprehension is essential for learning a foreign language, as highlighted by Alderson (2005), who emphasizes the importance of vocabulary knowledge in this process Goh (2005) also notes that a strong vocabulary is vital for successful listening comprehension across various skill levels Learners with an extensive vocabulary can grasp the content of different topics more easily, even if their grammar skills are lacking, leading to increased fluency in listening comprehension over time.
2 2.1.3 Enhancing translation and interpretation skills a Enhancing translation skills
RESEARCH DESIGN
The Faculty of Foreign Languages at the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (IUH) is a leading institution in Southern Vietnam, known for its high-quality facilities and diverse student body Offering 12 university courses, 10 college courses, and 7 vocational college courses, the faculty plays a crucial role in providing skilled human resources amid international integration In 2019, IUH achieved AUN-QA accreditation from the ASEAN University Network, underscoring its commitment to quality education Currently, the faculty serves around 5,000 students with varying English-language backgrounds, who are actively engaged and passionate about their learning and contributions to faculty activities.
This study involved 300 voluntary and anonymous students from the Faculty of Foreign Languages (FFL) at IUH, encompassing all English majors from freshmen to seniors Participants were asked to share their insights on the significance of vocabulary expansion, the challenges they encounter in enhancing their English vocabulary, and the strategies they employ for vocabulary enrichment With their extensive experience in learning English vocabulary, these students provided objective opinions on the subject.
3.3 Research methodology and research methods
This study utilized quantitative research to gather an overview of English majors' opinions on enhancing vocabulary at FFL of IUH The choice of quantitative analysis allows for the rapid and precise generation of statistics, making it an efficient methodology for surveying a large population while ensuring the objectivity of the data collected.
This study included a questionnaire to obtain quantitative data about students’ opinions about the important roles of expanding vocabulary to improve English skills, difficulties in learning
Effective methods for learning English vocabulary include utilizing both paper and online questionnaires to quickly gather data The researcher opted for questionnaires due to their efficiency in collecting large amounts of information in a short time Standardized and logical questions ensure that all participants respond in the same order, eliminating discrepancies in responses and maintaining consistency in the data collected.
The questionnaire comprised 12 questions, featuring 7 closed-ended and 5 open-ended items Students were allotted 5-10 minutes to thoughtfully read and respond The closed-ended questions were categorized into multiple-choice and ranking types, where students circled their most suitable answers and ranked their preferences based on personal opinions.
Participants rated their responses on a five-point scale: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree Additionally, for questions 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11, respondents not only selected their answers by circling them but also provided additional comments.
The questionnaire aimed to assess the English learning experiences of English majors at FFL of IUH, beginning with general inquiries about their situation It then explored the significance of vocabulary expansion in improving English skills, followed by questions addressing the challenges learners encounter with vocabulary Additionally, the survey examined the types of vocabulary being studied and the methods employed to enhance both passive and active vocabulary Finally, it sought to gather insights on the perceived effectiveness of these vocabulary expansion methods.
The researcher developed a questionnaire aligned with the survey's research questions and revised it based on supervisor feedback Subsequently, 300 students from the Faculty of Foreign Languages at IUH were approached to complete the questionnaire, which was distributed both online and offline The online version was shared via a link in the Dai Hoc Anh Van 13A Facebook group, with a specified validity period for data collection For the offline distribution, questionnaires were handed out in eight different classes during students' free time to minimize disruption and allow for thoughtful responses The data collection process spanned three days, after which data analysis commenced immediately.
A survey was conducted at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Industrial University of HCM City from April 19 to 22, 2021, involving 300 students who completed questionnaires The researcher meticulously screened the responses to ensure accuracy before analyzing the data Utilizing Google Form, a web-based application for data collection, the researcher entered both paper and digital responses After data entry, Google Form generated various charts to summarize the findings, which the researcher then interpreted to draw conclusions.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 General situation of learning English among the English majors at FFL of IUH
Question 1: How long have you been learning English?
Figure 4 1 The time period that the English majors learning English
Question 1 illustrates the proportion of the period of time that the English majors at FFL of IUH have been learning English This question covered six different time periods for the students to choose from less than one year to more than seven years From the data in the chart above, 73.3% of participants spent more than seven years learning English In contrast, 16.7% of the students chose that they have been learning English for about 5 to 7 years Besides, there is no student learn English for less than a year
Most respondents possess over seven years of experience in learning English, equipping them with substantial knowledge and insights Their extensive background enables them to share varied perspectives on enhancing English vocabulary.
Question 2: How much time do you spend a day to learn English vocabulary?
Figure 4 2 Frequency of learning English vocabulary in a day
The pie chart illustrates the frequency of English vocabulary learning among respondents Notably, 37% of students dedicate less than 30 minutes daily to vocabulary expansion, while 32.7% spend under one hour on this activity Conversely, only a small fraction, 4.3%, report investing more than 2 hours each day in learning new words.
The study revealed that English majors at FFL of IUH dedicate insufficient time to vocabulary acquisition, which hinders their language proficiency Despite daily efforts to learn new words, the limited time spent is inadequate for effective use in daily communication, studies, and professional settings Therefore, it is crucial for students to reassess their vocabulary learning strategies and manage their time more effectively.
Question 3: How would you rate your English language proficiency?
Figure 4 3 Self-assessment of students’ English proficiency
The chart illustrates students' self-assessment of their English proficiency, revealing that over 77% consider their skills to be merely average Responses to the open-ended question about their ratings indicate that many students feel they have wasted time on unproductive activities, struggle with vocabulary selection in speaking and writing, or have received low test scores Conversely, only a small number of students rate their English ability as excellent, citing their ease in using vocabulary and communicating effectively.
Many students perceive their English proficiency as average and are dissatisfied with their current skills A significant challenge they face, as noted by Zimmerman (2009), is the difficulty in defining words that often have multiple meanings This confusion can lead to challenges in selecting the appropriate words for various contexts.
4.2 The roles of expanding English vocabulary in improving English skills
Question 4: Do you think it is important to enrich your English vocabulary?
Figure 4 4 Students’ perspectives on the importance of enriching English vocabulary
Question 4 illustrates the percentage of respondents’ opinions on how crucial the English vocabulary expansion is According to the data above, nearly a half of the students felt that enriching vocabulary is important in learning English (46.3%) Remarkably, 45.7% of the students agreed that it is absolutely important to have a large vocabulary size In addition, there is no respondent found that vocabulary expansion is not important or a little important Moreover, there are some perspectives given by the students about the significance of enriching English vocabulary They reported that they cannot convey any information or ideas without vocabulary Also, some students said that vocabulary knowledge plays an important role in communication and promotes them an understanding of a foreign language
Research supports the idea that vocabulary knowledge is fundamental to language acquisition, as noted by Schmitt (2000) Wilkin (1972) also emphasizes that vocabulary is crucial for learners to express their opinions effectively It serves as a vital tool for communication, enabling individuals to articulate their thoughts and ensuring mutual understanding Consequently, a limited vocabulary can hinder effective communication Nonetheless, some students still fail to recognize the significance of expanding their vocabulary.
Question 5: Which of the following skills requires English learners to enrich vocabulary if they want to improve it? (You can choose more than one option)
Figure 4 5 Skills that require the enrichment of English vocabulary
The survey aimed to explore students' perspectives on the importance of expanding English vocabulary for various skills Respondents were given six options to choose from, revealing that 53.3% (160 participants) viewed vocabulary enrichment as essential for listening skills, significantly more than the 37.3% (112 students) who prioritized it for interpretation Following listening, reading and speaking skills were also highlighted, with 158 and 154 responses respectively Additionally, 137 students recognized the need for vocabulary in translation skills, while around 130 respondents indicated that enhancing vocabulary is crucial for improving writing skills.
English majors at FFL of IUH emphasize the importance of expanding their vocabulary across four key skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing A strong vocabulary enhances proficiency in all areas of English, encouraging students to look beyond basic skills To improve their overall language abilities, both learners and English majors must recognize the significance of enriching their English vocabulary.
Question 6: What roles does English-vocabulary expansion play in improving English skills?
(You can choose more than one option)
Table 4 1 The roles of expanding English vocabulary in improving English skills
Expressing ideas through verbal communication
Expressing ideas through written communication
The table highlights the significant impact of English vocabulary expansion on the development of English skills among English majors at FFL of IUH Utilizing a Likert scale from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree, the researcher assessed students' perceptions regarding the importance of vocabulary enrichment The results indicate that a majority of students believe that expanding their vocabulary enhances reading comprehension (63%) and speaking abilities (58%) Additionally, students noted similar benefits in written communication (55.3%) and listening comprehension (56%) Furthermore, students acknowledged that vocabulary knowledge also improves their translation and interpretation skills.
The survey revealed that 50.3% and 53% of students responded positively to the statements, while a small percentage disagreed Additionally, approximately 20% of the students selected a neutral stance.
The quantitative data from the questionnaire reveals that most students concur with previous studies, highlighting that vocabulary expansion significantly enhances their English skills Nevertheless, some students remain unaware of the impact that vocabulary growth has on their overall English development.
4.3 Difficulties in learning English vocabulary faced by the English majors at FFL of IUH
4.3.1 Difficulties that come from the vocabulary itself
Question 7: What difficulties that comes from the vocabulary itself do you face when expanding English vocabulary? (You can choose more than one option)
Figure 4 6 Difficulties that come from the vocabulary itself
The bar chart illustrates the challenges learners face with English vocabulary Over 150 students reported difficulties in understanding the meanings of words they have learned Additionally, many participants found it hard to acquire new vocabulary due to the complexity and length of the words, with around 150 responses indicating this struggle Conversely, a smaller group of respondents disagreed with these challenges, while nearly 90 students selected a "Neutral" stance.
In conclusion, the findings indicate that learners encounter significant challenges related to vocabulary, including complex pronunciation, length, and multiple meanings of words These results support Zimmerman's (2009) assertion that many students struggle to recognize the precise meaning of words due to their varied interpretations Furthermore, the statistics presented in the bar graph reveal that these difficulties are still prevalent, as confirmed by a majority of English majors.
4.3.2 Difficulties that come from the learners themselves
Question 8: What difficulties that comes from learners themselves do you face when expanding English vocabulary? (You can choose more than one option)
Figure 4 7 Difficulties that come from the learners themselves
CONCLUSION
5.1.1 The roles of expanding English vocabulary in improving English skills among the English majors at FFL of IUH
The FFL English majors acknowledged the significance of vocabulary expansion in enhancing their English skills, with approximately 80% of participants recognizing its positive impact on their language development However, 20% of students remain unaware of the crucial role that vocabulary expansion plays in improving their English proficiency.
5.1.2 Difficulties in learning English vocabulary among the English majors at FFL of IUH
The study revealed that students encounter significant challenges in vocabulary acquisition, with around 75% struggling to grasp the multiple meanings of words Furthermore, approximately 70% of English majors identified a lack of motivation as a primary obstacle in their efforts to expand their vocabulary.
5.1.3 Approaches of enriching English vocabulary among the English majors at FFL of IUH
The study revealed that approximately 60% of English majors acquire more passive vocabulary than active vocabulary Notably, around 60% of students enhance their passive vocabulary through watching movies and listening to music, while only 20.4% utilize bilingual dictionaries for this purpose In contrast, 55.6% of students prefer mobile apps to learn active vocabulary, and 45.2% engage in conversations to enrich their vocabulary However, only 13.5% of students choose to keep a journal as a method for learning active vocabulary.
From the above conclusions, the researcher suggests the following recommendations:
-First, the FFL English majors should raise their awareness of vocabulary expansion and make a specific plan to learn new words as well as review them regularly
-Second, the FFL English majors ought to learn words in different contexts so as not to fail to recognize the multiple meanings of words
English majors should regularly maintain a journal to enhance their active vocabulary, which aids in long-term retention and enriches their language skills Additionally, utilizing a bilingual dictionary can effectively expand their passive vocabulary, providing quick access to word meanings and facilitating better comprehension.
-Fourth, the English majors should learn both types of words including passive and active vocabulary as they all have distinct advantages
English majors should transform their passive vocabulary into active vocabulary by regularly listing words, crafting sentences that incorporate these terms, and using them in conversations promptly.
A significant limitation of the study is that it was conducted at a university with only 300 student participants, which may affect the representativeness of the results.
This study focuses on specific aspects of English vocabulary expansion due to the researcher's limited capacity and time Future research can delve into various topics that this study does not address.
This study identifies several challenges students encounter in enriching their vocabulary, but it does not encompass all the obstacles faced by English majors Future research should investigate additional aspects of the difficulties these students experience in vocabulary acquisition, considering both objective and subjective perspectives.
This research has identified gaps in understanding the methods learners can utilize to acquire vocabulary Consequently, future studies should investigate and propose more effective vocabulary learning strategies.
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1 How long have you been learning English?
2 How much time do you spend a day to learn English vocabulary?
3 How would you rate your English language proficiency?
4 Do you think it is important to enrich your English vocabulary?
5 Which of the following skills requires English learners to enrich vocabulary if they want to improve it? (You can choose more than one option)
6 What roles does English-vocabulary expansion play in improving English skills? (You can choose more than one option)
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Expressing ideas through verbal communication
Expressing ideas through written communication
7 What difficulties that comes from the vocabulary itself do you face when expanding English vocabulary? (You can choose more than one option)
Failure to recognize multiple meanings of words
8 What difficulties that comes from learners themselves do you face when expanding English vocabulary? (You can choose more than one option)
Inefficiency in applying old learning style
Lack of common ground between cultures
9 What types of English vocabulary do you usually learn?
Active vocabulary là những từ mà chúng ta thường xuyên sử dụng trong giao tiếp và viết lách Vốn từ vựng này thường ít hơn so với những từ mà chúng ta có thể hiểu Active vocabulary bao gồm các loại từ như tiếng lóng, thuật ngữ khoa học, từ vựng chuyên ngành, từ ngữ trang trọng, từ cổ, và collocations Chẳng hạn, khi hai người trò chuyện bằng tiếng Anh, những từ họ sử dụng trong cuộc hội thoại chính là active vocabulary.
Passive vocabulary là những từ vựng mà chúng ta có trong bộ nhớ nhưng không thể sử dụng ngay lập tức Chúng chỉ xuất hiện khi nghe hoặc đọc, giúp ta nhớ lại và hiểu ngay Chẳng hạn, khi bạn học từ mới qua một bộ truyện tranh tiếng Anh, những từ này chính là passive vocabulary.
C More passive vocabulary than active vocabulary
D More active vocabulary than passive vocabulary
10 What methods do you usually apply to learn English passive vocabulary*? (You can choose more than one option)
A Reading via multiple sources of information
11 What methods do you usually apply to learn English active vocabulary*? (You can choose more than one option)
12 Do you think the vocabulary learning methods that you apply are effective?
INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Student’s name: NGUYỄN NGỌC TRÚC Student ID No.: 17018381
Supervisor’s name: HOÀNG THỊ PHONG LINH, M.A
Performance (3) Time management (10 minutes) (2) Response to questions (2)
Coherence and Organization (4) Grammar mistakes (3)
Introduction Rationale and research objectives
Definitions of key terms/concepts
Relevance between research findings and goals (Findings) (5) Evaluating and discussing the findings (Discussion) (5)
Roles & Distribution Establish Goals Meeting Minutes
Contribution to the team project Taking responsibility
Supervisor’s Appraisal (10) Communication skills (2) CLO 7
Student’s name: NGUYỄN NGỌC TRÚC Student ID No.: 17018381
Performance (6) Time management (10 minutes) (4) Response to questions (4)
Coherence and Organization (4) Grammar mistakes (3)
Introduction Rationale and research objectives (5) CLO 2
Definitions of key terms/concepts (5) Review of previous studies (10)
Collecting and analyzing data (5) CLO 3
Relevance between research findings and objectives (Findings) (5)
Evaluating and discussing the findings (Discussion) (10)
INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Rubrics for Written Graduation Thesis (70%)
Item/ Weight Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Exemplary
There are consistent mistakes in the required format
There are several mistakes in the required format
There are minor mistakes in the required format
There are hardly any mistakes in the required format
The development of paper is vague; no apparent logical order of presentation
The paper is presented with connected concept and ideas, clear transitions
The paper is presented in logical sequence and well organized
The paper is clearly stated, well- developed and well organized
There are consistent spelling and grammar mistakes in the paper
There are several spelling and grammar mistakes in the paper
There are minor spelling and grammar mistakes in the paper
There are hardly any spelling and grammar mistakes in the paper
Rationale and objectives of research
The research topic area is unclearly described Little evidence shows the significance and objectives of the research topic
The research topic is presented, and the significance and objectives of the paper is justified
The research topic is adequately defined The significance and objectives of the paper is well justified
The research topic is introduced in a coherent and interesting manner The significance and objectives of the paper is well justified
Research questions are not successfully defined
Research questions are coherently and clearly defined
Research questions are scientifically meaningful and challenging
Definition s of key terms/con cepts (5)
The literature is defined in an unclear manner
Definition of key concepts is insufficient
The literature is linked with the research topic
The literature is linked with research topic The key concepts related to the research topic are defined
The literature is intricately linked with the research topic and appropriate ly explained The key concepts related to the research topic are also clearly defined
The previous studies are inadequately relevant with the research topic and inappropriatel y summarized
The previous studies are relevant with the research topic and summarized
The previous studies are quite relevant with the research topic and appropriately summarized
The previous studies are adequately relevant with the research topic and appropriate ly summarize d
The author displays such a low level of research methodology that it can be regarded as unacceptable
The author correctly presents the research methods and shows good organization and application of research methodology
The author justifies his/her choice of analysis methods and demonstrates effective application of relevant research methodology
The author justifies his/ her choice of research methods systematical ly and demonstrate s a deep understandin g in the application of relevant research methodolog y
The author describes the data collecting and analyzing stages, but the description does not form a coherent and logical whole
The analysis methods are mainly chosen to answer the research questions, but the author has an insufficient command of the methods
The author correctly presents the data collecting and analyzing stages and outlines the analysis The analysis demonstrates a good command and reliable use of the method
The author presents the data collecting and analyzing stages clearly
The author makes good use of the data in the analysis The author chooses the methods sensibly to summarize the information provided by the data
The author effectively outlines the stages of data collection and analysis, utilizing the data to enhance the analysis significantly By selecting appropriate methods, the author successfully summarizes the information derived from the data.
Relevance between research findings and objective
The author demonstrates a poor level of understanding in the analysis of the research findings The research findings are inadequate in meeting objectives of study
The author demonstrates satisfactory understanding in the analysis of the research findings The research findings may be adequate but not as described
The author demonstrates adequate levels of understanding in the analysis of the research findings
The research findings are adequate relevant to the objectives of the study
The author demonstrates advanced levels of understandin g in the analysis of the research findings The research findings are relevant to the objectives of the study
Evaluating and discussing the findings
The thesis fails in making contribution to the knowledge base of the
The research findings make a minor contribution to the knowledge
The research findings make a good contribution to the
The research findings make a significant contribution
The knowledge base of a discipline and field of study is essential for understanding its core principles and practices This foundation supports the development and advancement of the discipline, ensuring that it remains relevant and effective in addressing contemporary challenges.
No logical conclusions are reached
The article highlights a significant gap in addressing research questions, with discussions lacking coherence and relevance to the study's objectives Additionally, the concluding summary fails to effectively convey the study's purpose and findings The author also shows a limited understanding of the strengths and weaknesses inherent in their own research.