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Đặc điểm điều trị suy gan cấp ở trẻ em tại khoa hồi sức tích cực bệnh viện nhi đồng 1

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Tiêu đề Đặc điểm điều trị suy gan cấp ở trẻ em tại khoa hồi sức tích cực bệnh viện nhi đồng 1
Trường học Bệnh viện Nhi Đồng 1
Chuyên ngành Pediatrics / Pediatric Intensive Care
Thể loại Nghiên cứu
Năm xuất bản 2022
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Định dạng
Số trang 10
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Bài viết Đặc điểm điều trị suy gan cấp ở trẻ em tại khoa hồi sức tích cực bệnh viện nhi đồng 1 trình bày việc xác định nguyên nhân, đặc điểm điều trị, kết quả và các yếu tố liên quan tử vong của bệnh nhân bị suy gan cấp được điều trị tại khoa Hồi sức Tăng cường – Chống độc bệnh viện Nhi đồng 1 từ 1/2018 đến 6/2021.

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