Khoá luận tốt nghiệp: NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁC THUẬT NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THƯƠNG MẠI SỬ DỤNG TRONG GIÁO TRÌNH “MARKET LEADER PREINTERMEDIATE”

khoá luận ngành Ngôn ngữ Anh, nghiên cứu về các thuật ngữ tiếng Anh qua giáo trình tiếng Anh thương mại New Market Leader Preintermediate. Market Leader is a multilevel business English course for business English students and business English students. It has been developed in conjunction with the Financial Times, one of the leading sources of business information in the world. However, there are many students who have learned to have problems with communication skills, when they use business English terms. This study aims to analyze business English terms in books, factors affecting learners and offer solutions to help learners overcome difficulties in learning terms. Questioning method to analyze and find solutions for terms. Subjects are terms used in Market Leader Preintermediate course book,

HUNG YEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

GRADUATION PAPER: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS

A STUDY ON BUSINESS ENGLISH TERMINOLOGIES

USED IN THE COURSE BOOK

“MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE”

NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁC THUẬT NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THƯƠNG MẠI SỬ DỤNG TRONG GIÁO TRÌNH

“MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE”

SUPERVISOR: NGUYỄN THỊ BÍCH HẠNH

STUDENT: NGUYỄN THỊ THÁI HÒA STUDENT NUMBER: 11318083

Hung Yen, 2022

HUNG YEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

GRADUATION PAPER: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS

A STUDY ON BUSINESS ENGLISH TERMINOLOGIES

USED IN THE COURSE BOOK

“MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE”

NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁC THUẬT NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THƯƠNG MẠI SỬ DỤNG TRONG GIÁO TRÌNH

“MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE”

SUPERVISOR: NGUYỄN THỊ BÍCH HẠNH

STUDENT: NGUYỄN THỊ THÁI HÒA STUDENT NUMBER: 11318083

Hung Yen, 2022

Thanks!

Hung Yen, 2022

Nguyen Thi Thai Hoa

First of all, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor – Mrs Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh, the English teacher of the Faculty of Foreign Language, who has always been willing to give me valuable advice and suggestions so that I can complete successfully this study

I also would like to take this opportunity to show my sincere thanks to all

my teachers at the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, who have handed me basic knowledge to complete this study

I would like to acknowledge my thanks to all the authors of the books, magazines, and the other materials listed in the reference part for their ideas that have been reflected and developed in the study

I am equally indebted to my classmates for their suggestions and encouragement in the process of my study

Last but not least, my particular thanks are given to my parents for their encouragement and support which played an important role in my graduation paper

ABSTRACT

Market Leader is a multi-level business English course for business English students and business English students It has been developed in conjunction with the Financial Times, one of the leading sources of business information

in the world However, there are many students who have learned to have problems with communication skills, when they use business English terms This study aims to analyze business English terms in books, factors affecting learners and offer solutions to help learners overcome difficulties in learning terms Questioning method to analyze and find solutions for terms Subjects are terms used in the UTEHY "Market Leader Pre-intermediate" course book, belonging to the FFL The data obtained are based on the terminology used in the course book “Market Leader Pre-intermediate” The results of the analysis

of factors affecting the use of business English terms by learners show that business English is the most difficult subject for them It is based on factors of difficulty affecting learners related to terms translation skills, speaking skills, listening skills, reading skills and writing skills To solve these problems and wish to improve the current situation, the researcher offers a solution so that students can learn better terms and develop business skills such as using technical terms They able to use business terms to write letters or reports, talk with friends, negotia and using English in social situations

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

ABSTRACT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Rationale of the study 1

1.2 Aim and objectives of the study 1

1.3 Research question(s) 2

1.4 Subjects of the study 2

1.5 Scope of the study 2

1.6 Significance of the study 2

1.7 Structure of the study 2

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE………4

2.1 Overview of terminology 4

2.1.1 Definition of terminology 4

2.1.2 The authors 4

2.1.3 Structural characteristics 5

2.2 Type of terms 7

2.3 Functions of terms 7

2.4 Writing file 8

2.4.1 E-mails 8

2.4.2 Proposals 9

2.4.3 Letter 11

2.4.4 Reports 13

2.4.5 Investment plans 15

2.4.6 Notices 17

2.5 Learners have difficulty with terminology 18

2.6 Common terms problem 18

2.6.1 Time management 18

2.6.2 Lack of terminology 18

2.6.3 Lazy.…….… ………19

2.6.4 Psychological factors 19

2.7 Criteria of good terms 20

2.7.1 Time management 20

2.7.2 Learn terminology 21

2.7.3.Practice hard and regularly………23

CHAPTER 3: THE STUDY 24

3.1 Medthodoly………24

3.2 Research setting 24

3.3 Data collection process………24

3.4 Factors affect when studying the book Market Leader 25

3.4.1 Difficulties translating meaning of English to Vietnamese terms 25

3.4.1.1 The meaning of terms……….25

3.4.1.2 Fear of mistake 25

3.4.1.3 Arrange word 26

3.4.2 Speaking Skills 26

3.4.2.1 Pronunciation 27

3.4.2.2 Influence 27

3.4.2.3 Practice thinking in English………27

3.4.2.4 Lack of Confidence 28

3.4.3 Listening skills 28

3.4.3.1 Lack of vocabulary 28

3.4.3.2 Pronunciation 28

3.4.3.3 Concentration 29

3.4.3.4 Listening methods 29

3.4.5 Writing skills 30

3.4.5.1 Lack of vocabulary………31

3.4.5.2 Mistake grammar……… …… 31

3.4.5.3 Incorrect translation ……… 31

3.5 Suggest the way to solve to improve business English terms 33

3.5.1 Translating English to Vietnamese terms 33

3.5.1.1 The meaning of terms 33

3.5.1.2 Fear of mistake 37

3.5.1.3 Arrange word 37

3.5.2 Speaking skill 37

3.5.2.1 Pronounce 38

3.5.2.2 Influence 38

3.5.2.3 Practice thinking in English 38

3.5.2.4 Confidence 39

3.5.3 Listening skills 40

3.5.3.1.Lack of vocabulary 40

3.5.3.2 Pronunciation 40

3.5.3.3 Concentration 40

3.5.3.4 Listening method 41

3.5.4 Reading skills 41

3.5.5 Writing skills 42

3.5.5.1 Lack of vocabulary 42

3.5.5.2 Mistake grammar 43

3.5.5.3 Incorrect translation……….43

3.6 Summary 44

CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION 45

4.1 Summary of the study 45

4.2 Limitations of the study 46

4.3 Suggestions for further study 47

REFERENCES 48

APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY I APPENDIX 2 GRAMMAR XII

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

STT Abbreviations English

1 UTEHY Hung Yen University of Technology and

Education

8 V-ing V continues

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale of the study

Market Leader is a multi-level business English course for business English students It has been developed in conjunction with the Financial Times, one

of the leading sources of business information in the world This third edition

of the Pre-Intermediate level features completely updated content and an enhanced range of authentic resource materials that reflect the latest trends in the business world The course will greatly improve your ability to use professional English terminology in a variety of business situations

But with the advancement of terminology for learners, learners also face many difficulties

Firstly, Learners do not understand what the term is

Second, Learners encounter a term for the first time when they will have difficulty with the meaning of the word In addition, external and psychological factors also greatly affect the learning process of learners

Finally, business English often requires mastery of skills So they don't know what terms will help improve their skills? Therefore, the application of the term being used is still limited To help learners better understand the terminology

The researcher will ask questions and point out the mistakes that learners often make in the skills and provide solutions for each part

1.2 Aim and objectives of the study

The aim of the study

Factors affect when learners are studying the book Market Leader Suggestion the way to solve to improve business English terms

The objectives of the study: Business English terminologies used in the Textbook “Market Leader Pre-intermediate”

1.3 Research question(s)

In order to meet the aim of the study, the following research questions are generated:

1 What is the meaning of terminology?

2 How to write file in the course book Market Leader Pre-intermediate?

3 What difficulties do the terms cause for learners?

4 What are suggest to the way to solve improve skills for learners?

1.4 Subjects of the study

The subject of the study is the study of Business English terminologies used

in the course book “Market Leader Pre-intermediate”

1.5 Scope of the study

Business English is a very difficult subject It has a lot of complicated terms and must be understood in different meanings in each situation Therefore, I cannot study all the meanings of words and analyze every case in communication Therefore, I only analyze the difficulties of learners in the

"Market Leader Pre-intermediate" course book and offer solutions to help students improve their business English level In addition, I will only use some difficult terms in the book to analyze and translate English to Vietnamese terms in the solution section such as appeal, agency, boost and bully, etc Based on the information in the book, ask questions and analyze personal experiences to complete your research

1.6 Significance of the study

Leaners want to use the business English terms fluently They need to good at

4 skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation Commonly used words in business English have different meanings in each situation So learners need time and focus on learning the term Proficient use of sentence patterns makes work simpler, more efficient and easier

1.7 Structure of the study

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Review of Literature

Chapter 3: The Study

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Overview of terminology

2.1.1 Definition of terminology

Terminology is specialized vocabulary It consists of 12 units based on topics of great interest to everyone involved in international business This third edition of the Pre-intermediate level features completely updated content and a significantly enhanced range of authentic resource material, reflecting the latest trends in the business world

2.1.2 The authors

David Falvey has over 25 year‟s teaching and managerial experience in the UK, Japan and Hong Kong He has also worked as a teacher trainer at the British Council in Tokyo and was previously Head of the English Language Center and Principal Lecturer at London Metropolitan University

David Cotton has over 40 year‟s experience teaching and training in FFL, ESP and English for Business, and is the author of numerous business English titles, including Agenda, World of Business, International Business Topic and Keys to Management He also one of the authors of the best-selling Business Class He was previously a Senior Lecturer at London Metropolitan University

Simon Kent has over 20 year‟s teaching experience, including three years as an in-company trainer in Berlin at the time of German reunification

He is currently a Senior Lecturer in business and general English, as well as having special responsibility for designing new courses at London Metropolitan University

2.1.3 Structural characteristics

In the units is including Starting Up, Vocabulary, Reading, Listening, Language Review, Skills, Case Study, Working across Cultures and Revision Units

DVD-ROM also contains practice exercises A good business dictionary, such as the Longman Business English Dictionary, will also help you increase your business vocabulary

Reading

You will read authentic articles on a variety of topics from the

Financial Times and other newspapers and books on business You will

develop your reading skills and learn essential business vocabulary You will also be able to discuss the ideas and issues in the articles

Listening

You will hear authentic interviews with businesspeople and a variety of scripted recordings You will develop listening skills such as listening for information and

None-taking You can also watch the interviews and find further practice exercises on the DVD-ROM

Language Review

This section focuses on common problem areas at Pre-intermediate level You will become more accurate in your use of language Each unit

contains a Language review box which provides a review of key grammar items A Grammar reference section can be found at the back of the book and

on the DVD-ROM It also provides extra grammar practice

Skills

You will develop essential business communication skills, such as making presentation, talking part in meetings, negotiating, telephoning and using English in social situations Each Skills section contains a Useful language box, which provides you with the language you need to carry out the realistic business tasks in the book The DVD-ROM supplements the Course Book with additional activities

Case Study

The case studies are linked to the business topics of each unit They are based on realistic business problems or situation and allow you to use the language and communication skills you have developed while working through the unit They give you the opportunity to practice your speaking skills in realistic business situations Each Case study ends with a writing task After you‟ve finished the Case study, you can watch a consultant discussing the issues it raises on the DVD-ROM

Working across Cultures

These four units focus on different aspects of international communication They help to raise your awareness of potential problems or misunderstandings that may arise when doing business with people from different cultures

Revision Units

Market Leader Pre-intermediate third edition also contains four revision units, each based on material covered in the preceding three Course Book units Each revision unit is designed so that it can be completed in one session or on a unit-by-unit basic

2.2 Type of terms

After reading the book, I noticed that the terms used in the course book include single terms and phrase terms But single terms are used more frequently Beside, there are three main contexts in which the business terms

in the Market Leader book appear These are business articles, focused activities, and business conversations Economic and business articles and conversations are the two contexts in which the term appears most often

language-In other hand, the data demonstrate that the term is used more often in dialogue and communication than in text formats

2.3 Functions of terms

The function of terms helps learners to grasp specialized vocabulary Specialized vocabulary is words that are used only in a certain field It has a deeper meaning that reveals the problem in that field

The term is also used interchangeably with long, complex words It makes the sentences shorter and more coherent

The term used to speak makes it easier for learners to develop themselves

when learning about a certain industry

To celebrate the signing of the agreement between our two companies

We would like to invite you to participate in our annual sales meeting, which

is taking place this year in Honolulu, June 7-10

Please feel free to bring another person with you as our guest if you would like to join us

I hope this will be possible Please let us know

“Best wishes “This semi-formal style is similar to a standard business

letter, but less formal and usually shorter The ending is Best wishes rather than yours sincerely This style is best used when you are sending an e-mail to

somebody who is outside your company, or whom you do know very well The focus is on giving or asking for information quickly

“Hi Tony “

€4 million over the next two years

Options and benefits

The Board of Directors has agreed the following investment plan

Market research needs to be carried out in Asia and the USA to in defy the best country to move into

Research and development is necessary because we are developing a new range of cosmetics for the international market

An international marketing campaign is needed to increase awareness

of our brand At the moment, the company is not known outside Europe Cost

Summary

A presentation to the board of directors on April 19th to discuss target markets

Heads of department for market research, R&D and marketing to have monthly progress meetings during the project and present regular reports to the board of directors

Introduction: The introduction gives useful background information for the proposal

Objectives: The objectives say what you want to achieve

Options and benefits: This section gives details about the plan and the reasons why the actions are necessary

Cost: Information about how much money is needed, and how it will be spent

Schedule: This shows the dates when key stages are expected to start/finish

Summary: This explains how progress is reported or checked

There is no set layout for proposals It is a good idea to use headings to organize the information in a clear and logical order

Dear Mr von Trotta

Re: Invitation to speak at next conference

On behalf of European Business Associates, we would like to invite you to be a keynote speaker at our „Responsible Technologies for the Global Economy‟ conference planned for 19-20 Octobers NeXT‟s year

European Business Associates is Europe‟s leading business-oriented media production company We board cast business programmers for television and radio throughout the European Union, including Business Today every morning from 7.00 on CNM

We would be very pleased if you would present for us at the conference As Europe‟s leading manufacturer of environmentally friendly high-tech equipment, we believe you could help many other companies move

in the same direction

We hope this invitation is of interest and look forward to hearing from you

Cc: Jean Thornett-Smith

Senior Director

Analysis

Salutation

When you know the name of the recipient:

Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./ Missvon Trotta

Note: In AmE, Mr., Mrs And Ms Include a full stop/ period, e.g Mr.von Trotta

When you don‟t know the name of the recipient:

Dear Sir or Madam (Brea)

Dear Sir or Madam (AmE)

Brigitte Sea: Sign the letter with both your first and second names Then print

your name and position under the signature

This report will look at:

The hardware manufacturer and their equipment

Software that could be used on their mobile phones

The advantages of working together

Recommendations for action

Findings

Lenz has been developing cheap, small-scale electronic devices for 35 years In the last five years, they have focused on more expensive mobile phones for businesspeople These have been very successful One in four mobile phones for the business market is a Lenz

Our new „Eruptive Organizer‟ software has a lot of attractive features for the travelling businessperson (e.g address book, e-mail ware, voice recorder, etc.)

Market research shows that there is a big interest in our products being used

on machines apart from computers

putting our software onto their mobile phones

- The introduction shows the points that will be looked at

- The findings are the facts discovered

- The conclusion is what you think about the facts and how you

- Recommendations are practical suggestions to deal with the situation and ideas for making sure future activities run more easily

2 Objectives

To remedy the problem outlined above and make Tressel a more competitive business internationally, an investment of €2.5million was proposed

3 Options and benefits

The Board of Directors has agreed the following investment plan

Firstly, we need to invest in market research This should give us a better understanding of our target customer „changing needs and desires Which can then guide product development?

Product research and development is the second area that we need to develop,

as we have relied heavily on the success of our traditional products While these will probably continue to account for more than 50% of our turnover in the next two or three years, we will not stay ahead of the competition if we do not vary our range

Finally, setting up online sales should widen our customer base, increase sales, and make us more competitive

4 Cost

Investment in market research €900.000

Investment in research and development €1.300.000

Setting up online sales €300.000

5 Timeline

Market research: to be completed in three months „time, i.e by the end

of June

R&D: on going process to be speeded up from July

Online sales: website up and running by September

6 Evaluation

The heads of the departments concerned will hand in a monthly progress report The Broad will then meet to assess the progress made in all three areas

There is no set layout for an investment plan, but the information should be well organized The various sections should have a clear heading and be in a logical order

Rationale: The rationale gives background information relevant to the reasons for the plan

The Objectives: are the goals which your investment will enable you to achieve

Options and benefits: This section gives details of the areas you have chosen to invest in and of the benefits they are likely to provide

Cost: Breakdown of the total amount of money invested

Timeline: The timeline shows the period of time during which you expect the various stages of the plan to be reached

Evaluation: This section gives information about the mechanism you have put in place to assess the progress made

STAFF NOTICE: Notices need a clear heading

New York: Notices are used to inform people about changes of plan or

to give instructions or warnings

Joanna Grey: The name and position of the person who wrote the notice and date must be included

2.5 Learners have difficulty with terminology

Terminology is terms used to refer to individual concepts used in economics, as opposed to conventional terms The value of economic terms is that it contains a certain amount of information Or to put it simply, it is an abbreviation, a way of expressing precise depth in a sentence However, learning terminology is not easy Learners often make mistakes when translating the meanings of English terms into Vietnamese In addition, learners often use simple words like one by one, so when applying terms to the 4 skills, learners have difficulty in using the terms In addition, external factors and psychology of learners also become barriers during the semester

So the following quote will clearly analyze this topic

2.6 Common terms problem

2.6.2 Lack of terminology

Economic terms are terms used to denote each of the distinct concepts used in economics, as opposed to common terms, each of which is not expressive Learners are often confused when encountering specialized words Most of them misinterpret the meaning of the word A teacher once said that

“when learning terms, if they are not careful and do not learn the terms They can ruin a good translation Because they are translating so constantly, they can't clarify the topic in depth Some translators go too far with flowery words compared to the " It is because the learners lack the vocabulary of terms They do not clearly define their Vietnamese meaning So when translating terms, they often get off topic To translate terms in a translation is not easy but if you prepare well and learn more about the terms The translation will be perfect

2.6.3 Lazy

Laziness is a very common state Firstly, Leaners often think that Market Leader Pre-intermediate is just a sub-subject that doesn't need to be paid too much attention; they don't spend time learning the words in the book Second, learners never prepare and think on their own, and they often abuse the use of translation dictionaries when they encounter difficult words Therefore, learners often rely on translation applications The reality is that a word in each situation will have a different meaning However, the app will only be able to provide generic meanings For example, the word "health" in the context of a person or animal it means "health" while "health" is used in production or objects it means "something is work well " So applications are often automated, so there are things that don't translate properly Plus, being lazy to learn new words and relying on translation apps will slow you down After all, if they don't have a translator app, they won't be able to figure out the meaning of words

2.6.4 Psychological factors

In every given period, Leaners have a different mentality Psychology greatly influences learning When faced with a topic that interests us, there is interest first As for the subjects that are difficult compared to their own abilities, learners will have a fear and avoidance mentality So when learning

the term, many people find it very new and attractive On the contrary, some people feel that this subject is just a secondary subject, boring and full of words In addition, the problems outside of studying cause bad psychology, sometimes in learning, having fun and excitement will stimulate learning more Science explains, when there is a happy mentality, the human brain processes information quickly and has a high receptivity Psychological factors also affect the way the problem is viewed Good psychology makes us see learning as a pleasure, more enthusiastic about learning On the contrary, when psychologically bored, people have many negative thoughts, mental stress, ability to concentrate decreases; terminology becomes heavier, negatively affecting learning results They all have a fear of being wrong This limits self-expression The truth is that if we do something wrong in the learning process and when it is corrected, we will remember that knowledge much longer and a lot easier However, the fear of being wrong and being ridiculed by everyone still exists and is affecting their own learning

2.7 Criteria of good terms

2.7.1 Time management

Learners can use 5 methods for effective time management

Proceed to define goals and destinations Awareness is the first as well as important step to knowing your goal and destination That is, learners have to answer the question what do they do? Where to go? How will? List it clearly

on paper and analyze its importance At that time, setting goals is the most scientific and effective way to manage time When they're clear you'll know what you need to do to get there At the same time, you need to make a plan

as well as a specific timetable for each hour, day, week, and month Only then, can you master your time, control the work you have and cannot do

Detailed analysis and planning They can ask analytical questions such as: How do they spend time studying? , How long do they sleep during the day? , Learn effectively? Then they write down the diary or timetable that

their achieve Plan specifically for each work segment day, week, month, year they need to know the appropriate time allocation This helps them not to miss

or forget other important work

Discipline them In the process of implementation, to avoid delay in the goal, learners should create for they discipline Also, make their own rules and force them to follow Although at first you will find it difficult, even giving up However, if they get used to it a little bit each day, the lead will change This is also one of the scientific and rational uses of time As a result, learning efficiency is improved In particular, it helps their practice discipline

to successfully complete the set goals They need to focus Because when they focus, it will help their not to waste time in vain Concentrating energy as well

as wisdom for learning brings high efficiency and saves considerable time

Take priority and do scientific research They can make a schedule to prioritize their studies more effectively

2.7.2 Learn terminology

There are 6 most popular ways to learn vocabulary words effectively Learn terms by unit in the book In the book Market Leader, the author has broken down each part in each unit So they can divide academic words into small parts to avoid word confusion Learning vocabulary by topic will help they learn words that are related to each other, and about the topic that they are interested in

Learn terminology with charts Learners can make a diagram for each unit and divide the meaning of terms into small branches This can help they feel that learning new words does not become boring

Learn business jargon through articles on world politics or listen to economic presentations They can easily see how foreigners use the terms in

it Use flashcards and vocabulary learning programs Flashcards are one of the tools for learning vocabulary, usually small pieces of paper that are punched and strung together and then strung again on the items they often use every day Learners can write down single terms or phrases on flashcards In

addition, they can save the words you are learning on a website

Use newly learned vocabulary in sentences If they just memorize the word, they will probably forget it soon after However they know how to use

it to create a sentence and practice pronunciation They will remember longer

They should find a friend to talk to using the terms more often Speaking often can increase their reflexes and help they absorb new terms

2.7.3 Practice hard and regularly

I once saw a saying on the internet that “talent does not guarantee success, but if they practice hard and regularly, it will certainly be the key to success If they haven't tried, how can they guarantee failure? Through this sentence, they can understand that in order to translate a good report and need

to practice learning the terms every day So they can refer to the above ways

To create their own effective study method they can combine the two ideas above to form their own proposal Then they can apply time management to establish free time for themself and study time reasonable

In addition, drawing mind maps for each unit and sub-branch will keep you excited during the semester For example, after they draw the unit diagram, they would aim to study 2 hours a day Then they set a reward for each completion Gradually they will get used to studying every day Terms are no longer difficult for their Learners will enjoy learning

2.8 Summary

In chapter 2, the study shows an overview of the Market Leader book and terminology In addition, the book also shows how to write files in the book to help learners understand more about how to write files Also, cover the issues and factors that are important for learning good terminology The thesis presents the next part, which is an overview of research methods to clarify the main issues such as difficulties and solutions for learners of

terminology

CHAPTER 3: THE STUDY 3.1 Medthodoly

The study was conducted as a case study of the terms used for a number of reasons

First, the study will focus on factors affecting learners The research point here is the terminology used in the Course Book Market Leader Pre-intermediate

Second, the research focuses on translating difficult English terms that have been mentioned and giving specific solutions for the 4 skills to learners Case studies can expand experience and add strength to the problem being studied through analysis of the literature in the book Analysis of business terms will add additional information for learners

3.2 Research setting

As the study was conducted as a terminology case study, the context of the study was to use terms from the Market Leaders course book written by David Cotton, David Falvey, and Simon Ken and published in 2012 Use the

questioning approach used to analyze the basis for the case study findings 3.3 Data collection process

The data collection process involves collecting the terms in the intermediate book of the Market Leader course In addition, the study uses observation and the real situation of learning the terms provided in the Market Leader textbook at the Faculty Therefore, the data collection steps are:

Step 1: Collect the terms in the book of the Market Leader course

Step 2: Conducting the aim of the study:

Factors affect when studying the book Market Leader

Suggest the way to solve improve business English terms

Step 3: Analyze the data

3.4 Factors affect when studying the book Market Leader

3.4.1 Difficulties translating meaning of English to Vietnamese terms

Most English words have many different meanings They have difficulty in converting from English to Vietnamese Factors they encounter when translating include not understanding the meaning of terms, fear of making mistakes, and not knowing how to arrange words correctly

3.4.1.1 The meaning of terms

Learners often have difficulty in translating the meanings of English words and terms into Vietnamese Firstly, because before going to school, learners can only learn common and common words So when they start translating into English, they will have a hard time translating difficult words and terms To prove it most clearly, anyone can see that the student's translation is quite wrong or off topic Some translations use overly flowery words Because Vietnamese is a rather difficult language because of its descriptive words and metaphors, etc., while English only uses letters Therefore, you need to determine the exact meaning when translating Second, people overuse dictionaries and automatic translation apps Result to learning becoming lazy to think and eager to learn On the other hand, automatic translation applications are very likely to be wrong because it is just

an automatic operating system The application cannot distinguish the terms according to the circumstances For example, if you want to say I bought a pen, but in translation I buy a pen You may find that you are wrong about the word grammar so its meaning will change from time to time

More special than a term phrase when two words put together have completely different meanings For example, “turnover” if the usual word-for-word translations “turn” is to replace, rotate, and “over” to refer to something But if we translate the whole phrase “turnover” it means the amount of business done during a particular period

3.4.1.2 Fear of mistake

Fear of mistake is when you start to want to do something but you are always worried and don't know if you should continue doing it It can be seen that almost all learners are afraid of being wrong So when learners hold a copy of the translated term they become confused and nervous Being ignorant is not so much a shame, as being unwilling to learn (Benjamin Franklin)As the above reason, they use a lot of words, so it is difficult for thinking to guess the meaning of the terms The higher the anxiety, the more the term learners feel pressured and tired Every time they see the translation, they will find a way to avoid it and find a way to hide from it “Being ignorant

is not so much a shame, as being unwilling to learn (Benjamin Franklin)” 3.4.1.3 Arrange word

Word arrangement is one of the ways to use to make the translation better However, Vietnamese is often written in rhymed, while English is often written in reverse That makes it very difficult for the translator to locate the word For example:

Dan Scarfed, Chief Executive of Windsor-based software development company Dot Net Solutions, says that he has never written a business plan for the company he founded in 2004 Now, it is one of Microsoft‟s five key pertness in the UK and a leading player in the hot new are of cloud computing and to Scarfed, that is proof that setting fixed objectives is a complete waste

of time

Learners able to make mistakes in translating word by word Dan Scarfed Giám Đốc Quản Lý phần mềm Windsor phát triển công ty In the first sentence you can transle such as Dan Scarfed là Giám đốc quản lý sự phát triển phần mềm Windsor công ty It will be better

the last consonant, thinking that Vietnamese translated word by word has incorrect grammar, fluency and lack of confidence in communication

3.4.2.1 Pronunciation

Most people who learn economic terminology find the term difficult to pronounce Especially, the last consonant they often skip and don't read makes the words similar, making it difficult for listeners to understand the story Henry David Thoreau said, "Success often comes to those who are too busy looking for it." Just like learning, if you want to improve, you have to practice harder I will give a few examples of mispronouncing words and consonants

E.g.1: Employees in large multinationals have excellent career opportunities if they are willing to travel => The underlined part of the example sentences shows that most students do not read the final consonant

E.g.2: The Company needs to be more innovative to compete with rival firms => Some people are used to spelling Vietnamese instead of pronouncing the word “innovation” according to /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv / They pronounce /‟ɪnɒveɪtɪv /

3.4.2.2 Influence

Fluency is defined as the ability to speak communicatively, fluently and accurately Fluency is often assessed by the communication ability and vocabulary that learners have But most of them just understand the word in the usual sense Therefore, a sentence that is often said to be quite long causes the following sentence to be interrupted Also in terminology it will be difficult to use the term if you don't practice For example: I'm contemplating whether to buy a phone because I don't have money? On the contrary, when you are thinking to use, I am considering buying the phone because I do not have money Your sentences will be shorter and more fluent

3.4.2.3 Practice thinking in English

We often have the habit of thinking Vietnamese and then translating