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Trang 1MUST – CAN’T
1 Cách sử dụng Must
Must (phải) có hình thức phủ định là Must not (Mustn’t), được dùng để:
a Diễn đạt sự cần thiết, sự bắt buộc
Eg: You must get up ealier in the morning
(Bạn nên thức dậy sớm hơn vào buổi sáng.)
b Đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc yêu cầu được nhấn mạnh
Eg: You must be here before 8 a.m tomorrow
(Bạn phải ở đây trước 8h sáng mai.)
c Đưa ra một suy luận có tính chắc chắn cao
Eg: You must be tired after a long walk
(Sau chuyến đi bộ dài chắc là bạn mệt rồi.)
d Mustn’t dùng để chỉ sự cấm đoán
Eg: You mustn’t use the office phone for private calls
(Bạn không được sử dụng điện thoại công ty vào việc riêng.)
2 Cách sử dụng Can’t
Can’t là hình thức phủ định của Can, được dùng để:
a Nói về khả năng (không biết làm gì)
Trang 2Eg: I can’t swim (Tôi không biết bơi.)
b Từ chối lời xin phép
Eg: You can’t sit there Those seats are reserved
(Bạn không thể ngồi ở đó Những chỗ đó đã được đặt trước rồi.)
c Chắc chắn một điều không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
Eg: Harry can’t know how to ride a bike He’s never been on one
(Harry không thể nào biết đi xe đạp Anh ấy chưa bao giờ ngồi trên xe đạp cả.)
3 Cấu trúc Must/ Can + have VpII
a Must + have + VpII được dùng để diễn đạt điều gì đó hầu như chắc chắn đã xảy ra
trong quá khứ
Eg: I’ve lost one of my gloves I must have dropped it somewhere
(Tôi bị mất một chiếc găng tay Chắc hẳn là tôi đã đánh rơi đâu đó.)
b Can’t + have + VpII được dùng để diễn đạt điều gì đó chắc chắn không thể xảy ra
trong quá khứ
Eg: Daniel can’t have caught the bus It doesn’t run on Sundays
(Daniel chắc chắn đã không bắt được xe buýt Nó không chạy vào Chủ Nhật.)
4 Bài tập Must, Can’t
Exercise 1 Hoàn thành những câu dưới đây theo các động từ: might, might not, must, mustn’t, can, can’t
0 Don’t stand up in the boat! You might fall in the river!
1 You really ……… start spending more time on your work
2 That’s a really stupid idea! You ……… be serious, surely!
3 Don’t be silly You ……… expect me to believe you!
4 I learn to fly! You ……… be joking!
5 Sue says she’s stuck in traffic and she ……… be late
Trang 3Đáp án:
1 must
2 can
3 can’t
4 must
5 might
Exercise 2 Điền vào chỗ trống với các modal verb: must have been, can’thave been, have to/had to (be), didn’t have to (be)
0 John didn’t have to be at the bank until 10, so he arrived here five minutes ago
1 He knows a lot about flying plane He ……… a pilot when he was young
2 We had enough foreign currency left at the end of the holiday, so I ……… buy any more
3 There ……… an accident on South Street because the road is closed off
4 You ……… waiting long After all, I’m only five minutes late
5 Vera ……… at the supermarket this morning I didn’t see her there
Đáp án:
1 must have been
2 didn’t have to
3 must have been
4 didn’t have to be
5 can’t have been
Exercise 3 Choose MUST or CAN’T
0 The baby has just had his bottle of milk He must be hungry
1 You have lived here for so many years You know a lot of people!
2 He has been on duty all night He be exhausted
3 She always makes people repeat She be a bit deaf
Trang 44 I wonder who is at the door It _ be Doris, she is still at work
5 He knows a lot about biology He be fond of the subject
6 The people next door _ be absent Their shutters have been closed for two weeks
7 It has been raining for weeks The tourists enjoy their time!
Đáp án:
1 must
2 must
3 must
4 can’t
5 must
6 must
7 can’t
Exercise 4 Choose MUST or CAN’T
0 You've been travelling all day You must be tired
1 That restaurant be very good It's always full of people
2 That restaurant be very good It's always empty
3 I'm sure I gave you the key You have it Have you looked in your bag?
4 You're going on holiday next week You be looking forward to it
5 It rained every day during their holiday so they have had a very nice time
6 Congratulations on passing your exam You be very pleased
7 You got here very quickly You have walked very fast
8 Bill and Sue always travel business class so they be short of money
Đáp án:
1 must
2 can't
Trang 53 must
4 must
5 can't
6 must
7 must
8 can't
Exercise 5 Read the situations and use the words in bracket to write sentences with must have and can't have
0 The phone rang, but I didn't hear it (I/asleep) I must have been asleep
1 The jacket you bought it very good quality (it/very expensive)
2 I haven't seen the people next door for ages (they/go away)
3 I can't find my umbrella (I/leave/it in the restaurant last night)
4 Dave,who is usually very friendly, walked past me without speaking (he/see/me)
5 There was a man standing outside the café (he/wait/for somebody)
Đáp án:
1 It must have been very expensive
2 They must have gone away
3 I must have left it in the restaurant last night
4 He can't have seen me
5 He must have been waiting for somebody
Exercise 6 Make sentences using can or must
0 Ha / play games in the afternoon / do his homework in the evening
Ha can play games in the afternoon, but he must do his homework in the evening
1 Loan / play badminton on Sundays/ do the housework first
2 Ba watch television in the evening / go to bed early
Trang 63 Lan / go out in the afternoon / do her homework in the evening
4 They / go to school at 6.30 / have breakfast at six o’clock
5 He / go to work at 6 o’clock / get up at 5.30
Đáp án:
1 Loan can play badminton on Sundays but she must do the housework first
2 Ba can watch television in the evening, but he must go to bed early
3 Lan can go out in the afternoon, so she must do her homework in the evening
4 They can go to school at 6.30, so they must have breakfast at six o’clock
5 He can go to work at 6 o’clock, so he must get up at 5.30