VietJack com Facebook Học Cùng VietJack MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ (ADVERBIAL CLAUSE) A LÝ THUYẾT 1 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (adverbial clause of place) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn được bắt đầu bằng w[.]
Trang 1MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ (ADVERBIAL CLAUSE)
A LÝ THUYẾT
1 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (adverbial clause of place)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn được bắt đầu bằng where (nơi mà)
và wherever (bất cứ nơi nào).
Ví dụ:
She will go where you tell her (Cô ta sẽ đi nơi mà bạn bảo cô ta.)
You can go wherever you like (Bạn có thể đi bất cứ nơi nào mà bạn thích.)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn có chức năng của một phó từ
2 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự tương phản (adverb clause of concession)
a Although/Even though/Though + clause (mặc dù, cho dù)
Ví dụ:
Although he was ill, he wasn’t absent from school.
Although/Though/Even though được dùng để chỉ sự tương phản Chúng ta không được dùng Although/Though/Even though và But trong cùng một
lúc
Ví dụ:
Although it rained heavily, but they arrived at the airport on time
(incorrect)
Although it rained heavily, they arrived at the airport on time (correct)
b No matter: cho dù, có ý nghĩa tương tự như Although/Though/Even though Theo sau nó là how, what, who, where.
No matter how = however
No matter who = whoever
No matter what = whatever
No matter where = wherever
Ví dụ:
Trang 2No matter what you say, I won’t believe in that story.
= Whatever you say, I won’t believe in that story.
c Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng Despite và In spite of (mặc dù) để diễn đạt
sự tương phản.
In spite of + V-ing/Noun
Ví dụ:
In spite of the interesting film, she felt sleepy.
Sau despite có hai cách dùng:
Despite + N/V-ing
Ví dụ:
Despite the bad weather, they continued to play football.
Despite the fact that + clause
Ví dụ:
Despite the fact that they played well, they didn’t win the game.
3 Mệnh đề chỉ trạng ngữ chỉ lý do và cụm từ chỉ lý do (adverbial clause and phrases of reason)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do thường bắt đầu bằng:
Because/Since/As/Seeing that + clause: vì
Ví dụ:
Because it rained, we stayed at home.
Chú ý: Chúng ta cần tránh các lỗi sai sau:
Because it rained, so we stayed at home (incorrect)
Because it rained, we stayed at home (correct)
Ở ví dụ thứ nhất chúng ta dùng hai liên từ chỉ nguyên nhân - kết quả Chúng
ta không có cách dùng như vậy trong tiếng Anh mặc dù tiếng Việt vẫn
thường dùng lối nói như thế
Cụm từ chỉ lý do: Because of + N/V-ing
Trang 34 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích (adverbial clauses of purpose)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích thường bắt đầu bằng:
So that = in order that: Cốt để, để mà
So that/ In order that + S + may/might/shall/should/can/could/will/would + V-bare infinitive
Ví dụ:
He studies hard so that he can pass the examination.
They started the journey early in order that they would get there on time.
5 Cụm phó từ chỉ mục đích (adverbial phrases of purpose)
Cụm phó từ chỉ mục đích thường bắt đầu bằng:
So as to= in order to = to + V-bare infinitive (để mà, cốt để)
Ví dụ:
She went to the bookstore to buy some books.
We kept silent in order to see the film.
6 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (adverbial clauses of the time)
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường được bắt đầu bằng:
When: khi
Ví dụ:
When he came, I had gone out.
After: Sau khi
Ví dụ:
After he had had breakfast, he went to school.
Before: trước khi
Ví dụ:
I’ll study English before I fly to England.
While: trong khi
Trang 4Ví dụ:
While they were watching TV, the telephone rang.
Till/Until: cho đến khi
Ví dụ:
Don’t leave here until I come back.
As soon as: Ngay khi
Ví dụ:
I will call you as soon as I arrive at the place.
Since: Từ khi
Ví dụ:
We haven’t seen her since we left for Hanoi capital.
Whenever: Bất cứ lúc nào
Ví dụ:
You can use my computer whenever you like.
Just as: Ngay khi
Ví dụ:
She turned the light off just as she entered the room.
Chú ý: Chúng ta không được sử dụng thì tương lai trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ
chỉ thời gian
Ví dụ:
When it will rain, I usually stay at home (incorrect)
When it rains, I usually stay at home (correct)
7 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách As và As if (adverbial clauses of
manner with As and As if)
As: Như là
Ví dụ:
They acted as she was asked.
Trang 5As if: Như thể là
Diễn tả việc người nói tin có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai (dùng với các thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
Ví dụ:
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
Diễn tả việc người nói tin là khó hoặc không có thật ở hiện tại (dùng với thì quá khứ đơn hoặc với were)
Ví dụ:
He said as if he were my father
Diễn tả việc người nói tin là khó hoặc không có thật ở trong quá khứ (dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
Ví dụ:
He looks as if he had known what happened.
B BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian
1 I have studied English _ I was 10 years old (Đáp án: Since)
1 Because
2 when
3 Since
4 As
2 I finish studying, I will go abroad (Đáp án: When)
1 As
2 As if
3 When
4 Where
3 _she finishs the homework, she will go to sleep (Đáp án: As soon as)
1 As soon as
2 As if
Trang 63 When
4 Seeing that
4 Someone called me _ I was taking bath (Đáp án: As)
1 Where
2 When
3 As
4 So that
5 she got married, Marry changed completely (Đáp án: After)
1 Before
2 After
3 When
4 So
f, The Lilas will move to a new flat the baby is born (đáp án: when)
1 Where
2 Since
3 Because of
4 When
6 she came back Japan, she went to office (Đáp án Just as)
1 While
2 When
3 Just as
4 by the time
Bài 2: Bài tập về trạng từ chỉ kết quả
1 She is _ (so/such) intelligent that she can do all the difficult
exercises. (Đáp án: So)
2 The road is (so/such) stuck that we can’t move. (Đáp án: So)
3 She is not a good student; _(therefore/because), she cannot get
good marks (Đáp án therefore)
4 It was (So/such) a cold day that I just want to stay at home (Đáp
án Such)
5 There are _(so/such) many people in the room that there are not
enough chairs (Đáp án: So)
Bài 3: Bài tập trắc nghiệm rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ
1 _ she always did well on his English tests, her parents were
not surprised that she got on an A (Đáp án B)
a When b Since c. Although d While
Trang 72. _ his father has high blood pressure, he has to watch what he eats (Đáp
án B)
a Before b Because c. As long as d In order that
3. _he could not ruin the carpet, he took off his shoes (Đáp án A)
a So that b In order to c. Due to d Thanks to
4. _ I have finished my studying in law, I intend to work abroad (Đáp án B)
a Before b After c. Until d Wherever
5. _I will keep learning Vietnamese I am upper intermediate (Đáp án B)
a as soon as b until c. everywhere d once
6.Since June Day is a holiday, have to go to work (Đáp án B)
a so we do not b we do not c. as a result,we do not d thus, we do not
7.She went back to Korean _ to take care of some business in his
company (đáp án D)
a and she needed b because she need c. which she needed d because she needed
8. _is important since most professional jobs require writing skills (Đáp án B)
a Learn how to write b Learning how to write c. Learning how write d Learning how to write it is
C BÀI TẬP RÈN LUYỆN
Exercise 1
1 Last Sunday was _ wet _ we couldn't go to the movies
a so - that b as - as c less - than d more - than
2 I did it _ they asked me to
a because b because of c the reason d since
3 The corresponding sentence "There are so many things for me to do that…" is _
a have so many things to do that b nobody has so many…
c so many things are on me d I do many things
4 He was _ tired that he slept all day
Trang 85 The boy was happy _ he had done a good job.
6 Although he tried hard, _
a but he failed b yet he failed c however he failed d he failed
7 It was _ that we had gone for a walk
a such a beautiful weather b such a ice weather
night
8 Last yeas I earned _my sister, who has a better position
a twice as much as b twice more than b twice as many
9 _ the room, the man was no longer there
10 It looks as if the game _ unless the rain stops
a will cancel b would be cancelled c will be cancelled
d would cancel
11 _ Mrs Richards was entering the dining-room, there was a knock
on the front door
a At the very moment b So long as c Only when d During the time
12 When did you eat? As soon as he came, we _ our dinner
had eaten
13 How can we measure the price and things? However much _ it will
be worth it
a it cost b it costs c does it cost d costs it
14 "The new mathematics teachers seems very pleasant"
a a such nice b a so nice c such nice d such a nicw
15 "I find the local newspaper to be _ uninformative"
"Yes, there is hardly any international news"
16 "Here, I brought you some flowers from my garden"
"Thank you They're _ beautiful colors"
17 "Do you know why Erica failed the test?"
"I don't know She spent _ time studying"
Trang 9a so b such much c so much d much
18 "Wendy is really tall for her age"
"She is so tall _ her friends make fun of her"
19 Some people are tall, _ others are short
20 In some nations coffee is the favourite beverage, _ in others it is tea
Exercise 2
1 After Jessica _ her agree, she intends to work in her father's company
a will finish b will have finished
2 By the time I go to bed tonight, I _ my work for the day
a will finish b have finished c will have finished d finish
3 When my parents _ for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby
of the first time
a will arrive b arrived c will have arrived d arrived
4 Fatemah looked down to discover a snake at her feet When she saw it, she _
a was screaming b had screamed c screamed d screams
5 By the time Alfonso finally graduated from high school, he _ seven different schools because his parents moved frequently
a attended b was attending c had attended d had been attending
6 Until you learn to relax more, you _ your ability to speak English
a haven't improved b aren't improving c don't improve
d won't improve
7 I borrowed four books on gardening the last time I _ to the library
8 Before I stated the car, all of the passengers _ their seat belts
a will buckle b had buckled c buckle d have buckled
9 It seems that whenever I travel abroad I _ to take something need
a for got b am forgetting c forget d had forgotten
10 When I see the doctor this afternoon, I _ him to look at my throat
Trang 10a will ask b asked c will have askedd ask
11 After ancient Greek athletes won a race in the Olympics, they _ a simple crown of olive leaves
a received b had received c were receiving d have received
12 After the race _, the celebration began
a had been won b is won c will be won d has been won
13 I'll return Bod's pen to him next time I _ him
a see b will see c will have seen d have seen
14 I _ all of the questions correctly since I began this grammar exercise
on verb tenses
a am answering b answer c have answered d answered
15 A small stone struck the windshield while we _ down the gravel road
a drive b were driving c had driven d had been driving
16 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _ the fire department
a was telephoning b telephoned c had telephoned
d telephones
17 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she _ any kind of contest
a hasn't entered b didn't enter c wasn't entering d hadn't entered
18 Every time Prakash sees a movie made in India, he _ homesick
a will have felt b felt c feels d is feeling
19 Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I _ to visit friends and family several times
20 While he was washing his new car, Mr de Rosa _ a small dent in the rear fender
a has discovered b was discovering c is discovering
d discovered
Exercise 3
1 "What did you do on Sunday?"
"It was _ day that I went to the lake"
a such nice b such a nice c so nice d very nice
2 "Did you hear the phone ring last night?"
"I didn't here anything, I was _ that I didn't wake up"
a very tired b such tired c so tired d enough tired
Trang 113 "Why wasn't Mr Fitzgerald offered a better room in the hotel?".
"I don't know It's surprising how _ important person is treatd"
4 "How many your trip to Panama?"
"Wonderful, except that we spent _ money"
a so much b such much c many d so many
5 "What is your opinion of the Smiths?"
"They are _ people"
a such an interesting b so interesting a
c so interesting d such interesting
6 "Did you like the band last night?"
"Yes, _ I bought their record"
a such much b so much that c very much that d too much that
7 "That's a beautiful dress jean has on"
"She always wears _ clothes"
a such a lovely b so lovely c such lovely d so much lovely
8 "Paul is a very competent salesperson"
"He's _ good that I am going to give him a raise and a promotion
a definite b definitely c so d so much
9 "I enjoy this particular radio station"
"So do I It always has _ music"
a so good b such a good c such good d a so good
10 "I hear that Mrs Saunders has a lot of money"
"She's _ rich that she takes a helicopter to work"
11 "These new trains are fantastic!"
"They move _"
a so quick b such quickly c so quickly d so much quick
12 "Where were you yesterday?"
"It was _ hot day that I went to an air-conditioned movie"
13 "You made a lot of long distance calls last month"
"And now I'm faced _ a huge bill"
14 "What kind of job is Adrienne looking for?"
"She's interested _ a career in TV"
Trang 1215 "The dance was fun".
"But there were _ there"
people
16 "Main Market is a nice place"
"They have _ we recommend it to all our fiends"
a such good food that b such a good food that
food as
17 "How much does a gold ring cost"?
"It depends _ the quality of the gold"
18 "Who is in class today?"
"Everyone _ Sam, who is sick"
a except b without c except from d not
19 "I'm building a table"
"How far have you gotten _ it?"
20 "When did you get married?"
" _1983"