VietJack com Facebook Học Cùng VietJack PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) A LÝ THUYẾT I ĐỊNH NGHĨA Active voice là cách đặt câu trong đó S giữ vai trò chủ động/ chủ thể( essential part) hay S là người hay v[.]
Trang 1PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)
A LÝ THUYẾT
- Active voice: là cách đặt câu trong đó S giữ vai trò chủ động/ chủ
thể( essential part) hay S là người hay vật thực hiện hành động :
Eg : The workers built this house/ She bought a book
- Passive voice: là cách đặt câu trong đó S đứng vai trò bị động và O giữ vai
trò chủ động hay S nhận hành động do một chủ thể khác thực hiện
Eg: This house was built by the workers / A book was bought by her
- Bị động là hình thức nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể chịu tác động của hành động và chính hành động đó:
Bao gồm: + Chủ thể tạo tác động của hành động
+ Hành động ( Không quan tâm tới chủ thể thực hiện hành động )
I Form:
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
S V O
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
S be V3/ed by O
II CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE:
Ex: Active sentence: Peter took this book yesterday
Passive sentence: This book was taken by Peter yesterday
Trong câu chủ động:
- Peter → Subj ; took → động từ chính (Past simple)
Trang 2- this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Trong câu bi động:
- Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( Peter) →by Obj
- thêm was vì động từ chính (took) đang chia thì Past simple
A Tổng quát:
A Tổng quát: active sentence: Subject + V + Obj
Passive sentence: Subject + BE + V3 / VED (động từ chính) + by Obj
1- Chuyển: Obj -> Subj; Subj > by Obj (Có thể bỏ nếu by Obj không cần
thiết)
2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với thì câu chủ động.
Nghĩa là: Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “ To Be” phải chia ở thì đó
) Như vậy: trong câu bị động “ To Be” có vai trò chia thì, Động từ chính có chức
năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động (không chia thì)
3- Chuyển động từ chính sang -> V3 hoặc Vo ED
Một số công thức bị động cụ thể của các thì:
1 Present simple tense: S + is/ am/ are+ PII + by O
Eg: I drink coffee everyday -> coffee is drunk everyday
2 Present continuous tense: S + is/ am/ are+ being+ PII + by O
Eg: Lan is listening to music at the moment -> Music is being listened to by Lan at the moment
3 Present perfect tense: S + have/ has+ been + PII + by O
Trang 3Eg: We have hired this car since yesterday -> This car has been hired since yesterday
4 Past simple tense: S + was/ were + PII + O
Eg: They stole a lot of money in that bank two years ago -> A lot of money were stolen in that bank two years ago
5 Past continuous tense: S + was/ were + being+ PII + O
Eg: Ann was writing a letter yesterday morning -> A letter was written by Ann yesterday morning
6 Past perfect tense: S + had + been + PII + O
Eg: I had had dinner before I did my home work yesterday -> Dinner had been had before my homework was done yesterday
7 Simple future tense: S + will/ shall+ be +PII +O
Eg: My father will paint our house white tomorrow -> Our house will be painted white by my father tomorrow
8 Near future tense: S + is/ are/ am+ going to+ be +PII +O
Eg: Ann is going to work this tree -> This tree is going to be worked by Ann
9 Future perfect tense: S + will/ shall+ have been +PII +O
Eg: They will have sold their car by next Christmas -> Their car will have been sold by them next Christmas
10.Infinitive: S+ (to) + be+ PII + O
Eg: I have to finish my homework now -> My homework has to be finished now
11.Gerund : being + PII+ O
Eg: I remember my mother taking me to the cinema when I was I child -> I remember being taken to the cinema by my mother when I was a child
12.Modal V: modal V + Be + PII + O
Eg: You should type this term paper -> This term paper should be type
13.Modal V+ perfect: modal V + have Been + PII + O
Trang 4Eg: Somebody should have called the president this morning -> The president should have been called this morning
* Notes:
- Ta dùng V nguyên thể trong bị động : Be+PII để chỉ 1 ý định hay sự bắt buộc hay sự không thể đc
Eg: This exercise is to be done
This matter is to be discussed soon
- Sau những V: to have, to order, to get, to cause hay 1 V chỉ về giác quan hoặc cảm tính ta dùng PII bao hàm nghĩa như bị động:
Eg: We had your photo taken
We heard the song sung
We got tired after having walked for long
B Cụ thể như sau:
1 Xác định Subj, Obj, Verb của câu chủ động (trong động từ phải xác định cho được thì và động từ chính của câu chủ động)
2 Chuyển: Obj -> Subj; Subj > by Obj (Có thể bỏ by
him/them/me/you/people/ someone : nếu không cần thiết)
- Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ -> câu bị động thay by bằng with + Obj
Ex: Moss is covering this wall -> This wall is being covered with moss.
- Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody -> câu bị động bỏ by Obj và ở thể phủ định
Ex: No one helps me -> I am not helped.
3 Chuyển động từ chính sang -> V3 hoặc Vo ED
(Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động-không chia thì)
Trang 54 Thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động (Động từ chính của câu
chủ động ở thì nào thì To be phải chia ở thì đó )
5 Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động nếu có.
Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used
to,
Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + Vo + object
→Passive: S + will/would, shall/should + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs → These drugs will be destroyed by police.
6 Đặt trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có
Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used
7 Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có
8 Đặt trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn trước BY, trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau BY nếu có Place + by Obj + Time
Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year.
→ This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year
9 Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) as an Adjective, do đó động từ theo sau hầu hết là
To infinitive
Ex: She makes me cry → I am made to cry
III NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT:
1-Causative form (thể truyền khuyến):
a/ Active voice: -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vo
Ex: I have him repair my bicycle.
-S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi
Ex: I get him to repair my bicycle.
Trang 6b/ Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by him.
2 Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, think , believe, report, rumour, know, consider, claim
Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think ) (that) +S2+ verb2
Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2
Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) /
+ to have + V3 / Vo ED (verb 2) nếu V1 khác thì V2
Ex: People say that he was crazy
→ Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy Or
→ Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy ( to have been vì say và was khác thì).
Ex: People say that money brings happiness
→ Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness
→ Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng
thì)
3 Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel,
taste, watch, notice, make, help, bid.
Ex: I hear him come in -> He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming
thì giữ nguyên trong câu bị động)
4 Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh):
Ex: a Open the door -> Let the door be opened
b They let him go out -> He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out
Trang 75 Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope.
Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by
KHA
Ex: He does not like people laughing at him > He does not like being laughed at.
6 Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend,
determine, decide, demand, beg, urge, order, request
Ex: He advised me to accept this job
→ Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted
→ Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job
7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing
Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed / Your shirt needs ironing.
8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise
=>It is important for this exercise to be finished
- It is necessary to copy this lesson
=> It is necessary for this lesson to be copied
- It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed 9- Các trường hợp khác:
Ex Please enter this way -> You are requested to enter this way.
Dưới đây là vài ví dụ về cách thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động
a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es → S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED
Ex: She cleans the floor everyday → Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.
Trang 8b.The present continuous: S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing
→ S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr
Baker
c.The present perfect: S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED
→ S+ has/have + been + V3 / Vo ED
d.The simple past: S + Vo ED/ V2 → S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED.
Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
→Passive: Where were the drugs found ?
e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing )
→ S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday
→ Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.
f. The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm
→ Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m
g- Who + V + object ? Passive: - By whom ? - Who by ?
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
→ Passive: - By whom was this novel written ?
hoặc: Who was this novel written by
B BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Trang 9Ex 1: Choose the correct answer.
1 An old woman feeds the pigeons
The pigeons
A are fed
B were fed by an old woman
2 A burglar broke the window
The window _
A was broken
B is broken by a burglar
3 Someone has made a mistake
A mistake _
A was made
B has been made
4 Everyone is going to love her
She _
A is going to be loved
B was going to be loved by everyone
Trang 105 Cervantes wrote 'Don Quixote'.
'Don Quixote' _
A was written by Cervantes
B has been written by Cervantes
6 She is helping my sister
My sister
A is helped
B is being helped by her
7 Pamela will drive the bus
The bus
A will been driven
B will be driven by Pamela
8 I was watering the plants
The plants _
A were being watered
B are being watered by me
Đáp án
Trang 111 - A; 2 - A; 3 - B; 4 - A;
5 - A; 6 - B; 7 - B; 8 - A;
Ex 2: Sắp xếp từ thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1 has/ The/ door/ opened./ been
2 on/ is/ grass/ the/ prohibited./ Walking
3 Breakfast/ is/ at/ served/ 8.30
4 spoken/ in/ English/ is/ shop./ that
5 were/ flowers/ The / this / morning /watered/
6 meat/ been/ your/ The/ has/ cat!/ stolen/ by
7 is/ being/ Your/ hair/ brushed
8 if/ they/ naughty./ will/ be/ children/ punished/ The/ are
9 yet. / not/ car/ Your/ repaired/ is
10 because/ cake/ happy/ awful/ eaten!/ been/ am/ has/ I/ that
Đáp án
1 - The door has been opened
2 - Walking on the grass is prohibited
3 - Breakfast is served at 8.30
Trang 124 - English is spoken in that shop.
5 - The flowers were watered this morning
6 - The meat has been stolen by your cat!
7- Your hair is being brushed
8 - The children will be punished if they are naughty
9 - our car is not repaired yet
10 - I am happy because that awful cake has been eaten!
C BÀI TẬP RÈN LUYỆN
Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice:
1 People drink a great deal of tea in England.
2 Tom was writing two poems.
3 She often takes her dog for a walk.
4 People speak English all over the world.
5 A group of students have met their friends at the railway station.
6 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
7 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
8 How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
9 This well-known library attracts many people.
10.My mother used to make us clean the house.
11.He likes people to call him “Sir”.
12.They are going to have someone repair their car
13.People say that he is intelligent.
14.He can’t repair my bike.
15.Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
16.Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years.
17.They didn’t look after the children properly.
18.Nobody swept this street last week.
Trang 1320.You need to do this work.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive:
1 They will construct some new airports on islands
………
2 The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like
………
3 They are going to find out the mystery
………
4 You can buy videos like this one anywhere
………
5 Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor
………
6 They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive
………
7 Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day
………
8 When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
………
9 Where will your company send you next year?
………
10 They ought to have reported the accident to the police
………
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive:
1 Chris has good news The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer) ……… her a job soon
2 Good news! I (may + offer) ……… a job soon I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday
3 You (should + open) ……… the wine about three hours before you use it
Trang 144 You (mustn’t + move) ……… this man; he is too ill He (will + have to + leave) ……… here
5 You (must + take) ……… those books back to the library yesterday
6 We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open) ………
7 You (must + keep) ……… meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil
8 I (had better + wash) ……… my clothes today, or they will be very smelly
9 Someone (should + tell) ……… James the news
immediately
10 This application (be supposed to + send) ………… to the personnel
department soon
Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1 I shouldn’t ……… so much coffee last night I was wide awake till four in the morning
2 The profits are supposed ……… among the shareholders
A to divide B to be divided C dividing D being divided
3 When you are on duty, your uniform must ……… at all times
4 You promised her a letter; you ought to ……… days ago
A write B be writing C have written D be written
5 After the test papers ……… to the students in class tomorrow, the students ……… their next assignment
A will return – will be given B will be returned – are given
C are returning – are giving D are returned – will be given
6 The class for next semester is too large It ought to ……… in half
A be divided B divide C have divided D have been divided