IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005 1 2012, Utility connections port Part 1 HIgh Voltage Shore Connection (HVSC) Systems General requirements IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005 1 Edition 1 0 2012 07 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD STANDARD Ut[.]
System description
A typical HVSC system described in this standard consists of hardware components as shown in Figure 1
Figure 1 – Block diagram of a typical described HVSC system arrangement
Distribution system
General
Typical distribution systems used on shore are given in IEC 61936-1 Typical ship distribution systems are given in IEC 60092-503
NOTE IEEE Std 45™ provides additional information on typical ship distribution systems.
Equipotential bonding
An equipotential bonding between the ship’s hull and shore earthing electrode shall be established
The verification of equipotential bonding is essential for the safety circuit, as outlined in section 7.2.5 Any loss of equipotential bonding will trigger a shutdown of the high voltage switchgear (HVSC) system, prompting the ship to enter power restoration mode, as detailed in section 8.6.
NOTE The terms earth(ing) and ground(ing) are used interchangeably throughout this standard and have the same meaning (see IEC 60050-195:1998,195-01-08).
Compatibility assessment before connection
Compatibility assessment shall be performed to verify the possibility to connect the ship to shore HV supply Compatibility assessment shall be performed prior to the first arrival at a terminal
The assessment of compatibility will evaluate compliance with the standard's requirements and identify any deviations from the recommendations It will also determine the minimum and maximum prospective short-circuit current, as well as the nominal ratings for the shore supply, ship-to-shore connection, and ship connection.
The article discusses important considerations for ship electrical systems, including de-rating factors for cable coiling, acceptable voltage variations at ship switchboards between no-load and nominal ratings, and the steady state and transient load demands when connected to a high voltage shore supply.
The high voltage (HV) shore supply must effectively respond to step changes in load, as outlined in section 5.2 A comprehensive system study and calculations are necessary, as detailed in section 4.8 It is crucial to verify the impulse withstand voltage of ship equipment and ensure compatibility between shore and ship side control voltages where applicable Additionally, the communication link must be compatible, and an assessment of the distribution system compatibility, particularly regarding the shore power transformer neutral earthing, is essential Finally, the functionality of the ship's earth fault protection, monitoring, and alarms should be confirmed when connected to shore power.
When addressing HV supply systems, it is essential to ensure sufficient cable length and compatibility of safety circuits as per section 9.1 Additionally, total harmonic distortion (THD) must be considered, along with any hazardous areas outlined in section 4.6.4 It is crucial to implement measures to mitigate current in-rush and prevent the starting of large loads that could lead to failures or overloads Furthermore, attention should be given to electrochemical corrosion from equipotential bonding, utility interconnection requirements for load transfer parallel connections, and the monitoring of equipotential bonds.
HVSC system design and operation
System design
The design and construction shall be integrated and coordinated among the parties responsible for shore and ship HVSC systems
The integration of high voltage shore connection (HVSC) systems for both shore and ship operations will be overseen by a single designated party This process will adhere to a clearly defined procedure that outlines the roles, responsibilities, and requirements for all parties involved.
System operation
During the operation of HVSC systems, PIC(s) shall be identified at the shore facility and on board the ship for the purposes of communication
The PIC(s) shall be provided with sufficient information, instructions, tools and other resources for safety and efficiency of these activities.
Personnel safety
The construction of high voltage (HV) equipment and the implementation of safety procedures are essential to ensure personnel safety during ship supply connections, routine operations, failure events, disconnections, and periods of inactivity.
The term "safe" does not imply that complete safety can be ensured in every situation or through adherence to the recommended practices outlined in this document Phrases like "safe," "intrinsically safe," and "electrically safe work practices" are used to convey important safety concepts, but they do not guarantee absolute safety.
Safe work conditions, environments, designs, distances, methods, areas, and uses refer to practices and circumstances that significantly reduce safety risks, although they do not completely eliminate them, meaning that absolute safety cannot be guaranteed.
Design requirements
General
Protection and safety systems shall be designed based on the fail safe principle
Suitable warning notices shall be provided at locations along connection equipment routes including connection locations.
Protection against moisture and condensation
Effective means shall be provided to prevent accumulation of moisture and condensation, even if equipment is idle for appreciable periods.
Location and construction
HVSC equipment shall be installed in access controlled spaces
Equipment shall be suitable for the environment conditions in the space(s) where it is expected to operate Ship equipment shall comply with the applicable requirements of
The strategic placement of the HVSC system is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of a ship's cargo and mooring operations It is crucial to consider various factors, including the cargo handling and mooring equipment used both on the ship and at the shore, as well as the necessary clear areas for their operation and the ship's movement along the pier Additionally, traffic management must be prioritized to prevent interference with other vessels' operations and to maintain clear fire lanes Finally, implementing personnel safety measures, such as physical barriers, is vital to restrict unauthorized access to HVSC and cable management equipment.
When determining the connection point of the HVSC system, all tidal conditions and ship operations affecting ship’s free board shall be considered.
Electrical equipment in areas where flammable gas or vapour and/or
combustible dust may be present
HVSC equipment must be positioned outside hazardous areas of ships and shore facilities during normal operations, unless it is proven that placement within these areas is essential for safety purposes.
HVSC equipment located in hazardous areas of the terminal during emergency situations, such as the inadvertent movement of a ship from its berth, must either be certified according to IEC 60079 for compatibility with flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dust, or be automatically isolated and discharged prior to entering these potentially dangerous zones.
Control equipment located within hazardous areas shall not present an ignition hazard
HVSC systems should be installed away from areas that could become hazardous if the required air changes per hour are not maintained during cargo loading, offloading, or normal operations.
When a tanker is docked at a berth, a safe area on the tanker, as defined by IEC 60092-502, may overlap with hazardous zones at the terminal In such cases, if the area contains electrical equipment that is not certified as safe for the encountered gases, it may need to be isolated while the tanker is berthed It is essential to consider IEC 60079 during the compatibility assessment.
Electrical requirements
For all HVSC system components type and routine tests shall be performed according to relevant standards
NOTE See IEEE Std C37.100.1™ for additional recommendations
To allow standardisation of the HV shore supply and link nominal voltage (6,6 kV a.c or
11 kV a.c.) in different ports, any equipment requiring conversion to nominal voltage shall be installed on board
The HV shore distribution system's short-circuit contribution level is capped at 16 kA rms, unless specified differently in the ship-specific annexes.
The onboard induction motors and operational generators must limit their prospective short-circuit contribution to a maximum of 16 kA rms, unless otherwise stated in the specific annexes for the ship type.
Electrical systems and equipment must be rated to handle the maximum prospective short-circuit fault current Specifically, equipment should have a minimum rating of 16 kA rms for 1 second and 40 kA peak, unless otherwise indicated in the specific annexes for the ship.
System study and calculations
The evaluation of the shore-connected electrical system is essential, focusing on two key aspects: first, the assessment of the electrical load during the shore connection, and second, the calculation of short-circuit currents in accordance with IEC 61363-1, which must consider both the prospective contribution from the shore supply and the ship's installations.
The following ratings shall be defined and used in these calculations:
1) for shore supply installations, a maximum and minimum prospective short circuit current for visiting ships;
2) for ships, a maximum and minimum prospective short circuit current for visited shore supply installations c) the calculations may take into account any arrangements that:
1) prevent parallel connection of HV shore supplies with ship sources of electrical power; and/or
2) restrict the number of ship generators operating during parallel connection to transfer load;
To ensure safe and efficient operations, it is essential to restrict the load connected to the system The calculation of the system charging (capacitive) current must take into account both the shore power system and the anticipated ship power, including any online generators Additionally, an analysis of the shore power transformer neutral earthing resistor is necessary, along with a transient overvoltage protection analysis.
The calculated values will guide the selection of appropriately rated shore connection equipment and facilitate the choice and configuration of protective devices, ensuring effective fault clearance for the maximum on-board load during connection.
The system study shall be made available to all involved parties
For ships utilizing low voltage main distribution, it is essential to assess the connection between the low voltage side of the on-board transformer and the main switchboard Additionally, overload protection must be implemented between the on-board transformer and the receiving switchboard to ensure safety and reliability.
Documented alternative proposals that take into account measures to limit the parallel connection to short times may be considered where permitted by the relevant authorities
Documentation should be made available to relevant ship and shore personnel.
Emergency shutdown including emergency stop facilities
Emergency shutdown facilities shall be provided When activated, they will instantaneously open shore connection circuit-breakers on shore and on board ship
Fail-safe, hard-wired circuits shall be used for emergency shut-down This does not preclude emergency shut-down activation commands from programmable electronic equipment, e.g programmable protection relays
The relay contacts of the safety circuit shall be designed according to IEC 60947-5-1 and for a rated insulation voltage of U i = 300 V, a.c 5 A, d.c.1 A.
To ensure the safety of personnel from high-voltage connection cables that have not been discharged, it is essential to implement one of two measures: a) automatically earth the high-voltage power connections to make them safe to touch immediately after isolating from ship and shore electrical power supplies, particularly in areas where connection equipment may move into hazardous zones; or b) arrange for manual earthing while ensuring that personnel are kept away from live connection cables and points through barriers or sufficient distances under normal operational conditions, avoiding this option in potentially hazardous areas.
To ensure safety, operational procedures must be implemented to establish barriers and maintain appropriate distances that restrict unauthorized access to High Voltage Supply Chain (HVSC) spaces and control personnel access when the HV connection is active.
Locking arrangements may be considered; and e) arrange for the safe discharge of HV conductors
In areas where connection equipment may enter potentially hazardous zones—such as those with flammable gas, vapor, or combustible dust—due to a ship unintentionally departing from its berth, all non-intrinsically safe electrical powered High Voltage Shore Connection (HVSC) equipment must be automatically isolated Additionally, the high voltage equipment should be automatically discharged to eliminate any ignition hazards.
Emergency shutdown facilities will be triggered in several critical situations, including the loss of equipotential bonding detected by monitoring relays, mechanical stress causing overtension on flexible cables, and the failure of any safety circuit Additionally, activation of manual emergency stops, protection relays detecting faults in high-voltage connections or connectors, and the disconnection of power plugs from live socket-outlets will also activate these shutdown systems to ensure safety.
Emergency stop push buttons must be installed to activate emergency shutdown systems at key locations, including attended onboard ship control stations during high voltage shore connection (HVSC), near socket outlets, at active cable management system control points, and at both shore side and ship circuit-breaker locations.
Additional emergency push buttons may also be provided at other locations, where considered necessary
The means of activation shall be visible and prominent, prevent inadvertent operation and require a manual action to reset
An alarm to indicate activation of the emergency shutdown shall be provided to advise relevant duty personnel when connected to HV shore supply
For reliable operation of safety circuits the pilot cable length shall be considered
5 HV shore supply system requirements
Voltages and frequencies
To allow standardization of the HV shore supply and link nominal voltage in different ports,
HV shore connections shall be provided with a nominal voltage of 6,6 kV a.c and/or
11 kV a.c galvanically separated from the shore distribution system
Galvanic separation on shore may be omitted if it is provided on board
The operating frequencies (Hz) of the ship and shore electrical systems shall match; otherwise, a frequency convertor may be utilized on shore
Where ships undertake a, repeated itinerary at the same ports and their dedicated berths, other IEC voltage nominal values may be considered (see IEC 60092-503)
At the connection point, looking at the socket/connector face, the phase sequence shall be
L1-L2-L3 or A-B-C or R-S-T A phase sequence indicator must indicate correct sequence prior to energizing or paralleling HVSC (see Figure 2) Figure 3 illustrates the balanced three- phase voltages in time domain
For a fixed observer viewing a phase sequence rotation diagram, phasors must rotate counterclockwise to indicate a clockwise direction on the phase sequence indicator.
Figure 2 – Phase sequence rotation – Positive direction
Figure 3 – Balanced three-phase variables in time domain
Quality of HV shore supply
The HV shore supply system shall have a documented voltage supply quality specification
Ship electrical equipment must only be connected to shore supplies that can sustain the specified distribution system voltage, frequency, and total harmonic distortion characteristics To ensure compliance, the compatibility assessment outlined in section 4.3 must verify the continuous voltage and frequency tolerances.
1) the frequency shall not exceed the continuous tolerances r5 % between no-load and nominal rating;
2) for no-load conditions, the voltage at the point of the shore supply connection shall not exceed a voltage increase of 6 % of nominal voltage;
3) for rated load conditions, the voltage at the point of the shore supply connection shall not exceed a voltage drop of -3,5 % of nominal voltage b) voltage and frequency transients:
The voltage and frequency response of the shore connection must be defined and documented for each high-voltage (HV) shore supply installation when subjected to a suitable range of step changes in load.
The maximum expected step change in load when connecting to a high voltage (HV) shore supply must be clearly defined and documented for each vessel It is essential to identify the system component that will experience the most significant voltage dip or peak during the connection or disconnection of the maximum step load.
3) comparison of 1) and 2) shall be done to verify that the voltage transients limits of voltage +20 % and í% and the frequency transients limits of r10 %, will not be exceeded c) harmonic distortion:
– for no-load conditions, voltage harmonic distortion limits shall not exceed 3 % for individual harmonic and 5 % for total harmonic distortion
NOTE Additional recommendations are provided in IEEE Std 519™ and MIL STD 1399-680
The above parameters shall be measured at the supply point (see 3.12)
The HV shore supply shall include appropriate rated surge arrestors to protect against fast transient overvoltage surges (e.g spikes caused by lightning strikes or switching surges)
Voltage and frequency tolerances set by the owners or authorities of the shore supply system must be taken into account during the compatibility assessment to ensure that the impact on the connected ship load is acceptable.
When a ship is connected to a high-voltage shore supply, it is crucial to consider how various loading conditions may affect the quality of the supply, as outlined in IEC 60092-101:2002, 2.8 This consideration is essential for ensuring optimal equipment performance.
General
Shore connection equipment and installations shall be in accordance with IEC 61936-1
NOTE Local Authorities may have additional requirements
The rating of the HVSC system shall be adequate for the required electrical load as calculated by 4.8
Each ship must have a dedicated high-voltage (HV) shore supply installation that is galvanically isolated from other ships and consumers However, this requirement may be waived if the HV shore supply exclusively serves ships equipped with onboard galvanic isolation A risk assessment is essential to ensure safety and compliance.
System component requirements
Circuit-breaker, disconnector and earthing switch
In order to have the installation isolated before it is earthed, the circuit-breaker, disconnector and earthing switch shall be interlocked in accordance with the requirements of
The rated making capacity of the circuit breaker and earthing switch must meet or exceed the prospective peak value of the short-circuit current (I P) as calculated.
The rated short-circuit breaking capacity of the circuit-breaker shall not be less than the maximum prospective symmetrical short-circuit current (I AC(0,5T) ) calculated in accordance with IEC 61363-1
An automatic operated circuit-breaker shall be provided.
Transformer
In the event adjustments are required to maintain the HV supply voltage within tolerances under load, then these adjustments shall be automatically controlled (see 5.2)
Transformers shall be of the separate winding type for primary and secondary side The secondary side shall be star-configuration with neutral bushings (Dyn)
NOTE Dyn = Delta connected HV winding, star connected LV winding, with provision to connect to the neutral point
The temperature of supply-transformer windings shall be monitored
In case of overheating, an alarm signal will be sent to the ship via the data-communication link, as outlined in section 7.8 This alarm will trigger a notification on board to alert the appropriate duty personnel.
Each supply transformer must have short circuit protection implemented through circuit-breakers or fuses in the primary circuit, along with a circuit breaker in the secondary circuit Furthermore, overload protection is essential for both the primary and secondary circuits.
Neutral earthing resistor
The neutral point of the HVSC system transformer supplying shore-to-ship power receptacles must be grounded either through a neutral earthing resistor or, in cases where frequency conversion of the shore supply is necessary, by using a neutral earthing resistor or an earthing transformer with a resistor on the primary side to ensure equivalent earth fault impedance.
NOTE For HVSC systems dedicated to tankers or liquefied natural gas carriers (LNGC) ship types, refer to ship specific annexes
When selecting an equivalent earth fault impedance for frequency conversion of shore supply, it is essential to conduct studies to ensure the effectiveness of earth fault protection and alarm systems (refer to sections 4.8 and 8.2.2) The use of a secondary delta winding in conjunction with an earthing transformer and resistor on the primary side is allowed, as long as it meets the criteria outlined in sections 4.8 and 8.2, to mitigate potential circulating currents.
The neutral earthing resistor rating in amperes shall not be less 1,25 times the preliminary system charging current The rating shall be minimum 25 A continuous
The continuity of the neutral earthing resistor shall be continuously monitored In the event of loss of continuity the shore side circuit breaker shall be tripped
An earth fault shall not create a step or touch voltage exceeding 30 V at any location in the shore to ship power system.
Equipment earthing conductor bonding
A system earthing conductor must connect the neutral earthing resistor's earthing connection to a nearby system earthing electrode Additionally, a system bonding conductor should link the neutral earthing resistor's earthing connection to the earthing bus of the primary shore power switchboard, following the guidelines outlined in section 8.2.3 of IEC 60204-11:2000.
Equipment earthing conductors at shore power outlet box receptacles must be connected to the ship to establish an equipotential bond between the shore and the vessel This connection may involve bonding to the ship's switchgear earthing bus or directly to the ship's hull.
Shore to ship electrical protection system
The high-voltage circuit-breaker on the transformer's secondary side is designed to disconnect all insulated poles under specific conditions, including overcurrent (such as short-circuits), over-voltage or under-voltage situations, and reverse power scenarios.
To meet the necessary requirements, it is essential to implement protective devices or equivalent measures, including a synchrocheck or voltage sensing device for dead bus verification, undervoltage protection, reverse power protection, load unbalance and negative phase sequence overcurrent protection, instantaneous overcurrent protection, phase time overcurrent protection, earth fault overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, and directional phase overcurrent protection.
Standard device designation numbers are shown in brackets above, as per IEEE Std C37.2™
Alarms shall be communicated to the ship as common alarm (see 7.8)
The protection systems shall be provided with battery back-up adequate for at least 30 min
Upon failure of the battery charging or activation of the back-up system, an alarm shall be communicated to the ship (see 7.8).
HV interlocking
General
Operating personnel shall be protected from electrical hazard by an interlocking arrangement while plugging and unplugging of HV plug and socket-outlet connections
Operational procedures and interlockings to verify that non-fixed high-voltage cables are discharged before disconnection shall be established
An independent means of voice communication should be provided between the ship and facility PIC (e.g two way radios).
Handling of HV plug/socket-outlets
Handling of HV plug/socket-outlets shall only be allowed when the associated earthing switches on both ship and shore sides are closed
Handling of the ship-side connector/inlets shall only be possible when the ship-side earthing switch is closed
Handling of the shore-side plug/socket-outlets shall only be possible when the shore-side earthing switch is closed.
Operating of the high-voltage (HV) circuit-breakers, disconnectors
Circuit-breakers must be designed to prevent closure under specific conditions, including: a) when any earthing switch is closed; b) if the pilot contact circuit is not established; c) when emergency stop facilities are activated; d) if diagnostics from the ship or shore control systems detect errors affecting safe connection; e) when the communication link between the shore and ship is non-operational; f) if permission from the ship is not activated; g) when the high voltage supply is absent; and h) if equipotential bonding is not established through monitoring relays.
Safety measures must ensure that the disconnector remains open and the circuit breaker cannot be engaged when certain conditions are present These conditions include: i) a closed earthing switch on either the shore side or ship side; j) the absence of an established pilot contact circuit; k) a non-operational communication link between the shore and the ship, if applicable; and l) the lack of equipotential bonding, which should be monitored through equipotential bond monitoring relays.
Arrangements shall be provided so that the earthing switches can only be opened when all of the conditions in 7.4 are fulfilled.
Shore connection convertor equipment
General
When applicable, the construction of converting equipment, including transformers, rotating frequency converters, and semiconductor converters, for connecting high voltage shore supplies to a ship's electrical distribution system must comply with IEC 60076 standards for transformers and IEC 60146-1 series standards for semiconductor converters.
NOTE Refer to IEEE Std 1662™ for additional recommendations on testing HV power electronics
Rotating convertors shall be designed and tested in accordance with IEC 60034
The effect of harmonic distortion and power factor shall be considered in the assignment of a required power rating
Transformer winding and semiconductor or rotating convertor temperatures shall be monitored and an alarm shall be activated to warn relevant duty personnel if the temperature exceeds a predetermined safe value
The use of frequency convertors shall not reduce the selectivity of the largest on-board load while connected.
Degree of protection
The protection for electrical equipment shall be in accordance with IEC 61936-1, as applicable.
Cooling
In systems utilizing forced or closed circuit cooling, whether through air or liquid, an alarm must be triggered when the cooling medium surpasses specified temperature and flow thresholds.
Semiconductor-converter equipment must be designed to prevent loading unless effective cooling is ensured Alternatively, the system may automatically decrease the load to match the available cooling capacity.
Liquid-cooled converter equipment must be equipped with leakage alarms, and an effective containment system should be in place to prevent any leaked liquid from the cooling system from causing electrical failures.
In transformer-cooling circuits utilizing liquid-cooled heat exchangers, it is essential to implement leakage detection measures Additionally, the cooling system must be designed to prevent any entry of cooling liquid into the transformer.
In semiconductor converters, it is essential to monitor the conductivity of the cooling liquid that comes into direct contact with the semiconductors and other current-carrying components An alarm should be triggered if the conductivity falls outside the manufacturer's specified limits to ensure optimal performance and safety.
The alarms shall be activated to warn relevant duty personnel.
Protection
In the event of overload, an alarm signal shall be activated to warn relevant duty personnel
The alarm shall be activated at a lower overload level than the circuit-breaker protection
Alarms from the onshore protection equipment shall be transmitted to the ship, see 7.8
7 Ship to shore connection and interface equipment
General
Ship to shore connection and interface equipment includes standardized HVSC systems, cables, earthing and communications between ship and shore
The installation of a ship to shore connection cable must ensure sufficient movement compensation, effective cable guidance, and secure anchoring or positioning during standard operational conditions and planned connections.
The shore-side of the connection cable shall be fitted with a plug if a socket outlet will be used on shore The body shall be arranged to protect all contacts
The ship-side of the connection cable shall be fitted with a connector, if an inlet will be used on board
Ship to shore connection cable extensions shall not be permitted
The suitability of plugs and sockets with regard to peak short-circuit withstand capability, shall be verified during the compatibility assessment (see 4.3)
The ship specific annexes provide additional requirements
If a different configuration for the cable and high-voltage plug and socket outlets is implemented, the installation may face challenges in connecting to a compliant shore supply or ship, necessitating substantial additional equipment and modifications.
Cable management system
General
The cable management system must effectively facilitate the ship-to-shore connection by ensuring the cable can reach between the socket-outlet and inlet while maintaining an optimal length to minimize slack and prevent exceeding tension limits It should include independent monitoring devices, such as limit switches, to oversee maximum cable tension and pay-out Additionally, the design must mitigate the risk of submersion and be strategically positioned to avoid interference with ship berthing and mooring systems, even for vessels not connected to shore power The system must also uphold the manufacturer's recommended minimum bending radius during deployment, steady operation, and stowage, while supporting cables across varying ship draughts and tidal ranges Finally, it should efficiently retrieve and stow cables after operations conclude.
In cable management systems utilizing cable reels, the rated power of the HVSC system must be determined based on the maximum number of cable wraps stored on the reel during standard operations Additionally, when necessary, cable sizing should incorporate suitable de-rating factors.
Monitoring of cable tension
The cable management system shall not permit the cable tension to exceed the permitted design value
A system for detecting maximum cable tension must be implemented, or if an active cable management system is in place that restricts cable tension, there should be a mechanism to identify insufficient available cable length This detection should include threshold limits established in two stages.
Stage 2: activation of emergency shutdown facilities (see 4.9)
Monitoring of the cable length
The cable management system must accommodate the movement of cables in response to the ship's motions across all draughts and tidal variations, as well as the maximum permissible motion in the forward, aft, or outward directions from the dock.
Where the cable length may vary, the remaining cable length shall be monitored and threshold limits are to be arranged in two stages:
Stage 2: activation of emergency shutdown facilities (see 4.9)
Consideration may be given to equivalent alternative measures (automatic break-away release, connectors with shear bolts and pilot lines, connection with ship/shore emergency shutdown system, etc.).
Connection conductor current unbalance protection
The ship and shore HV circuit-breakers must be designed to simultaneously open all insulated poles when there is a harmful current imbalance among the various phase conductors, including separate and parallel power cables and connectors.
The following protective devices, or equivalent protective measures shall be provided: a) current balance between cables in parallel (46) b) directional earth fault (67N)
Numbers in brackets refer to standard device designation numbers, as per IEEE Std C37.2
Protective relays to satisfy this requirement shall be installed on board and/or ashore provided the connection is isolated in the event of unbalance detection.
Equipotential bond monitoring
The equipotential bond established by ship-to-shore connection cables must be continuously monitored and designed for self-monitoring An equipotential bond monitoring device should be installed either onshore or onboard, depending on the location of the cable management system Additionally, equipotential bond monitoring termination devices, when used, should be positioned on the opposite side.
Slip ring units
Slip ring units must undergo testing in accordance with IEC 62271-200, which includes the following essential evaluations: high voltage test, impulse voltage withstand test, insulation resistance measurement, heat run test at nominal current, short circuit withstand test, arc test (if accessible under energized conditions), and ingress protection test (IP rating).
Other testing standards may be considered.
Plugs and socket-outlets
General
Plugs and socket-outlets shall be in accordance to IEC 62613-1 and IEC 62613-2 and the following
The plug and socket-outlet arrangement shall be fitted with a mechanical-securing device that locks the connection in the engaged position
The pin assignment of power plug and socket-outlet shall be according to applicable ship annexes
The plugs and socket-outlets shall be designed so that an incorrect connection cannot be made
Socket-outlets and inlets shall be interlocked with the earth switch so that plugs or connectors cannot be inserted or withdrawn without the earthing switch in the closed position
Handling of plug and socket outlets shall be possible only when the associated earthing switch is closed
Plugs and socket-outlet connections must be located in areas that ensure personnel safety during an arc flash caused by internal faults This can be achieved through the implementation of barriers and access control measures, which should be reinforced by established access control procedures.
Plugs must be engineered to ensure that no stress is applied to the terminals and contacts The contacts should only endure the mechanical load required to maintain adequate contact pressure during both connection and disconnection.
Each plug must include pilot contacts to verify the continuity of the safety circuit, as detailed in the relevant ship annexes For single plug connections, at least three pilot contacts are necessary When multiple cables are installed, an interlocking mechanism should be implemented to ensure that no cable is left unused.
Contact sequence shall be in the following order: a) connection:
Minimum electrical and mechanical ratings for plugs and socket-outlets are given in the annexes
Support arrangements are required so that the weight of connected cable is not borne by any plug or socket termination or connection.
Pilot contacts
Pilot contact connections must be established before the required level of protection is compromised during the disconnection of an HV plug or connector, as these pilot contacts are integral to the safety circuit.
Earth contact
The current-carrying capacity of the earth contact shall be at least equal to the rated current of the other main contacts.
Fibre optical plug/socket
The ship plug will feature an integrated fibre optical connection, with a fibre optical receptacle installed at both the plug and the adjacent socket-outlet A separate cable with two plugs will facilitate the connection between these components.
Fibre optical receptacle and plug shall be: a) receptacle type box mounting according to MIL-DTL-38999K series III, class H, size
15, polarization N Insert type 15-5 according to MIL-STD-1560A (5 contacts) F.O terminals according MIL-PRF-29504/5C (socket type) plug; b) type plug straight without spring finger according to MIL-DTL-38999K series III, class
H, size 15, polarization N; c) insert type 15-5 according to MIL-STD-1560A (5 contacts); and d) F.O terminals according to MIL-PRF-29504/4C (plug type).
Interlocking of earthing switches
HV power contacts must stay earthed until all connections are established and the pilot contact circuit is closed, no emergency stop switch is engaged, the communication link between the shore and the ship is functional, the self-monitoring systems of both ship and shore confirm that there are no safety risks, and permission from both the ship and shore is granted.
Ship to shore connection cable
Cables must meet flame-retardant standards as specified in IEC 60332-1-2 Additionally, the outer sheath should be resistant to oil, sea air, seawater, and solar radiation (UV), while also being non-hygroscopic The temperature class of the cables should be at least specified standards.
The maximum operating temperature for insulation is set at 90 °C, as specified in Annex A, with a correction factor for ambient air temperatures exceeding 45 °C, according to IEC 60092-201:1994, Table 7 It is crucial to ensure that the operating temperature does not surpass 95 °C, considering potential heating effects, such as those caused by cable coiling.
Due consideration should be given to requirements for smoke emission, acid gas evolution and halogen content for cables installed or stored in accommodation spaces and passenger areas
Guidance for HV connection cable electrical ratings and specification is given in Annex A.
Independent control and monitoring cable
Control and monitoring cables must meet flame retardant standards as specified in IEC 60332-1-2 Additionally, the environmental specifications for the cable sheath should align with those outlined for ship to shore connection cables in section 7.5.
The control and monitoring cables, if integrated with the power cable assembly, shall be able to withstand internal and external short-circuits
For details and further guidance, see Annex A.
Storage
Proper stowage arrangements must be implemented to ensure that shipboard equipment is stored in dry areas, while shore-based equipment adheres to national standards Removable equipment should be stowed and removed without risk of damage, and all equipment must not pose hazards during regular ship operations Additionally, during storage, it is essential that plugs, socket-outlets, inlets, and connectors retain their IP ratings.
NOTE Temporary coverings are not considered to satisfy this requirement.
Data communication
For specific ship types, the data-communication link between the ship and shore must be utilized to transmit essential information, including: a) high-temperature alarms from the shore transformer; b) activation of HV shore supply circuit-breaker protection; and c) authorization for operating HV circuit-breakers during the HV ship-to-shore connection.
The safety of the connection is ensured through various monitoring systems, including ship or shore control and alarm systems that detect errors (refer to sections 6.4.3 and 4.9) Additionally, the activation of the emergency stop and the emergency disconnection of the shore supply are critical indicators (see section 4.9) Shore control functions must comply with Clause 9, and any failure in battery charging or activation of backup systems is also monitored (see section 6.3).
The communication protocol for communication link between ship and shore shall be defined
Functionality, performance and design shall be based on IEC 60092-504
General
The instrumentation described shall be at all locations where load transfer and synchronization are performed
On vessels lacking high-voltage (HV) power generation systems, it is essential to ensure that the personnel responsible are well-informed about safe HV operating practices and the functionality of the ship's high-voltage switchgear (HVSC) system.
Ship electrical distribution system protection
Short-circuit protection
The maximum prospective short-circuit current rated for HV-shore supply or ship electrical systems must not be exceeded at any installation point when connecting to HV-shore supplies This requirement is essential and should be included in the compatibility assessment as outlined in section 4.3 and relevant ship annexes.
To ensure safety in installations with multiple high-voltage (HV) shore supplies, it is crucial to implement measures that prevent parallel connections This is particularly important if the maximum prospective short-circuit current is exceeded at any point in the system.
Earth fault protection, monitoring and alarm
Earth fault protection, monitoring, and alarm devices must be specifically designed to function effectively with a high voltage supply connected to a distribution system that adheres to the requirements of subclause 6.2.3 This subclause stipulates that the earthing of the distribution system may differ from that of the ship.
When connected to a HVSC supply, it is essential to provide means for personnel to easily change device settings Additionally, the protection settings in use must be clearly displayed at the control station.
Shore connection switchboard
General
A shore connection switchboard shall be provided at a suitable location, as close as possible to the receiving point
The distance between supply point and receiving point shall be as short as possible
The shore connection switchboard shall be in accordance with IEC 62271-200, service continuity LSC1
The switchboard shall include a circuit-breaker to protect the ship electrical equipment downstream In no case shall the protection at the shore connection switchboard be omitted.
Circuit-breaker, disconnector and earthing switch
In order to have the installation isolated before it is earthed, the circuit-breaker, disconnector and earthing switch shall be interlocked in accordance with the requirements of
The rated making capacity of the circuit breaker and earthing switch must meet or exceed the prospective peak value of the short-circuit current (I P) as determined by calculations.
The rated short-circuit breaking capacity of the circuit-breaker shall not be less than the maximum prospective symmetrical short-circuit current (I AC(0.5T) ) calculated in accordance with IEC 61363-1
An automatic operated circuit-breaker shall be provided.
Instrumentation and protection
The shore connection switchboard must include essential components such as a voltmeter for all three phases, short-circuit devices with tripping and alarm functions, overcurrent devices with tripping and alarm capabilities, an earth-fault indicator for alarm purposes, and unbalanced protection for systems that have multiple inlets.
Protection systems must include a battery backup capable of sustaining operations for a minimum of 30 minutes, as specified in IEC 60092-504:2001, 9.6.2.5 In the event of battery charging failure or backup system activation, an alarm will be triggered to alert the appropriate personnel.
Alarms and indications shall be provided at an appropriate location for safety and effective operation.
On board transformer
Transformers, if any, shall be of the separate winding type for primary and secondary side
The secondary side shall be star configuration
If the transformer supplies LV-systems, a shield winding shall be provided between HV and
The neutral point of the transformer shall be connected to the main switchboard according to the earthing method used for the main distribution system
Galvanic separation between the shore and on board systems shall be provided
An onboard transformer may be unnecessary if the ship's network is compatible with the shore supply voltage, the neutral point treatment aligns with the ship's systems, and galvanic separation is performed onshore.
To mitigate transformer current in-rush and prevent the starting of large motors or the connection of significant loads when a high voltage (HV) supply system is engaged, appropriate measures must be implemented.
On board receiving switchboard connection point
General
A panel shall be provided as an on board receiving switchboard
Where parallel connection of the HV-shore supply and ship sources of electrical power for transferring of load is arranged, synchronising devices shall be provided
NOTE An on-board receiving switchboard connection point is normally a part of the main switchboard (see
Circuit-breaker and earthing switch
The rated making capacity of the circuit breaker and earthing switch must meet or exceed the prospective peak value of the short-circuit current (I P) as calculated.
The rated short-circuit breaking capacity of the circuit-breaker shall not be less than the maximum prospective symmetrical short-circuit current (I AC(0.5T) ) calculated in accordance with IEC 61363-1
An automatic circuit-breaker shall be provided
An earthing switch shall be installed if the main switchboard rated voltage exceeds
Instrumentation
For load transfer through a parallel connection, the required instrumentation includes two voltmeters, two frequency meters, one ammeter with a switch for reading current in each phase or an ammeter for each phase, a phase sequence indicator, and a synchronizing device.
A voltmeter and frequency meter will be connected to the switchboard busbars, while an additional voltmeter and frequency meter will measure the voltage and frequency of the shore connection.
When selecting load transfer through blackout, the required instrumentation includes at least one voltmeter, one frequency meter, one ammeter with a switch for reading current in each phase or an ammeter for each phase, and a phase sequence indicator.
The voltmeter and the frequency meter shall enable the voltage and frequency of the shore connection to be measured (see 9.2).
Protection
Tripping and alarm criteria for the circuit-breaker shall be: a) short-circuit: tripping with alarm, b) overcurrent in two steps:
2) tripping with alarm, c) earth fault:
2) tripping if required by the type of isolation system used, d) over-/under-voltage in two steps:
2) tripping with alarm; e) over-/under-frequency in two steps:
2) tripping with alarm; f) reverse power: tripping with alarm*, and g) phase sequence protection with alarm and interlock
To meet the necessary requirements, the following protective devices or equivalent measures must be implemented: synchrocheck (25), undervoltage (27), reverse power (32), phase sequence voltage (47), overload (49), instantaneous overcurrent (50), overcurrent (51), earth fault (51G or 59N), overvoltage (59), and frequency protection (81) for both under and over conditions.
NOTE The phase sequence protection protects the ship’s system against wrong phase connection
Numbers in brackets refer to standard device designation numbers as per IEEE Std C37.2
Tripping of unessential consumers and restoration of ship power should be considered where these measures could prevent complete power loss
Protection functions marked with an asterisk (*), may be omitted when load transfer via blackout is chosen.
Operation of the circuit-breaker
Circuit-breakers must be designed to prevent closure under specific conditions, including: a) when any earthing switch is closed; b) if the pilot contact circuit is not established; c) when emergency-stop facilities are activated; d) if self-monitoring systems detect safety-related errors; e) when the data-communication link between shore and ship is non-operational; f) if the high-voltage supply is absent; g) when equipotential bonding is not established; and h) if an earth fault is detected in the ship's distribution system.
It is recommended to have one PIC on the ship and one facility PIC PICs should have high- voltage training and HVSC system specific training
An independent means of voice communication should be provided between the ship and facility PIC (e.g two way radios)
For ships on a regular service trade, PIC may be responsible for both ship and shore HVSC operations
Where HVSC operations are conducted concurrently with cargo transfer operations the PIC responsible for cargo operations should not also be responsible for HVSC operations
If synchronization is established from shore, interlocking may be different.
Ship power restoration
When the ship main source of electrical power is shut down and failure of the connected
In the event of HVSC supply failure, the shore connection circuit-breakers will automatically open, initiating the emergency power supply for essential services as per SOLAS regulations This process includes the automatic activation of the emergency power source, followed by the connection of a transitional power source to emergency services Additionally, the main power source will be started and connected to the main switchboard, ensuring the sequential restart of critical services as quickly as possible, all of which occurs automatically during an emergency shutdown.
Failures include loss of HV power or disconnection (including activation of emergency shutdown or electrical system protective device activation)
Consideration should be given to relaxing the requirements for the automatic starting and connection of electrical power sources on existing ships built before the implementation of SOLAS 2009 CH II-1/D, Regs 42 or 43 In these instances, it is essential to provide alternative measures for restoring ship power that are acceptable to the relevant authorities.
An alarm shall be provided to advise relevant duty personnel The alarm shall indicate the failure that caused the activation
9 HVSC system control and monitoring
General requirements
Ship equipment shall be protected and controlled by the ship’s own protection and control systems
If the shore supply fails for any reason, supply by the ship’s own generators is permitted, after disconnecting shore supply
Load transfer shall be provided via blackout or automatic synchronization.
Load transfer via blackout
Interlocking mechanisms must be implemented to ensure that the shore supply is exclusively connected to a dead switchboard These interlocking systems are designed to prevent any connection to a live switchboard during normal operations or in the event of a fault, such as an issue within the blackout monitoring circuit.
The simultaneous connection of a HV-shore supply and a ship source of electrical power to the same dead section of the electrical system shall be prevented (see 8.5.3 and 8.5.4).
Load transfer via automatic synchronization
General
HV shore supply and ship sources of electrical power must adhere to specific guidelines when connected in parallel Firstly, the load must be automatically synchronized and transferred between the HV shore supply and the ship's power sources upon connection Secondly, this load transfer should occur as quickly as possible to prevent any machinery or equipment failures, with the transfer time limit defined accordingly Lastly, any systems or functions involved in paralleling or controlling the shore connection must not affect the ship's electrical system when the shore connection is not in use.
The transfer time limit must be clearly defined and communicated to the responsible personnel This limit should be adjustable to align with the capacity of an external electrical power source to manage load acceptance and shedding Additionally, the procedure for establishing this limit should be included in the operating instructions.
For safe load transfer between a high-voltage shore supply and designated ship sources of electrical power, it is essential that the arrangements meet the necessary requirements both prior to and during the parallel connection.
The instrumentation and protection requirements contained in 8.5.3 and 8.5.4 shall be met for parallel transfer.
Protection requirements
If the transfer time limit for switching between HV-shore supply and ship electrical power sources is exceeded, an automatic disconnection of one source will occur, accompanied by an alarm to notify the duty personnel It is crucial to ensure that the maximum permissible load steps of the generator sets are not exceeded.
Where load reductions are required to transfer load, this shall not result in loss of essential services for ship’s safety
General
All HV systems components shall have passed type tests and routine tests according to relevant standards
The HV system, including control equipment, shall be tested according to a prescriptive test program
Before the electrical system, along with its control, monitoring, and alarm systems, is put into service, thorough tests must be conducted to ensure proper installation and functionality These tests should be realistic, minimizing the use of simulations whenever possible.
If the equipment has not been used for a period of 30 months, the initial tests shall be repeated
It is important to note that these tests are designed to reflect the overall condition of the installation However, achieving satisfactory test results does not guarantee that the installation meets all standards and requirements.
Initial tests of shore side installation
General
These tests shall verify that the shore side installation complies with this standard to achieve a certificate of conformity
Tests shall be performed after completion of the installation.
Tests
The following tests shall be performed: a) visual inspection; b) power frequency test for HV switchgear assemblies and voltage test for cables (see
The testing procedures outlined in IEC 62271-200 and IEC 60502-2 include essential measurements such as insulation resistance and earthing resistance Additionally, function tests must be conducted to verify the correct settings of protection devices, the interlocking system, and control equipment A phase-sequence test is also required, along with a function test of the cable management system when applicable Furthermore, any additional tests mandated by national regulations should be performed.
Initial tests of ship side installation
General
These tests shall verify that the ship side installation complies with this standard The target is to achieve a test certificate
Tests shall be performed after completion of the installation
These tests shall be conducted as witness tests together with the appropriate authorities.
Tests
The following tests shall be performed: a) visual inspection; b) power frequency test for HV switchgear assemblies and voltage test for cables (see
The article outlines essential testing procedures for electrical installations, including compliance with IEC 62271-200 and IEC 60502-2 standards Key tests involve measuring insulation resistance and earthing resistance, as well as conducting function tests to ensure the correct settings of protection devices, interlocking systems, and control equipment Additionally, a phase-sequence test is performed, along with function tests of the cable management system where applicable Finally, integration tests are crucial to verify that shipside installations, such as the power management system and integrated alarm, monitoring, and control systems, operate effectively with the new installation.
Tests at the first call at a shore supply point
General
A compatibility assessment study according to 4.3 shall be performed
Upon completion of the tests in 10.2.2 and 10.3.2, the tests of 10.4.2 shall be conducted.
Tests
The integration test of the complete HVSC system will include a visual inspection, a power frequency test for HV switchgear assemblies, and a voltage test for cables.
The article discusses essential testing procedures for electrical installations, including compliance with IEC 62271-200 and IEC 60502-2 standards Key tests include insulation resistance measurement, earthing resistance measurement, and function tests for protection devices, interlocking systems, and control equipment Additionally, it covers equipotential bond monitoring, phase-sequence testing, and function tests for cable management systems Finally, integration tests are conducted to ensure proper functionality between shore and shipside installations.
Power frequency tests for HV switchgear assemblies, voltage tests for cables, insulation resistance measurements, and earthing resistance measurements should only be conducted if either the shore side or ship side installation has been out of service or unused for over 30 months.
General
A record of annual maintenance, repair, equipment modifications and the test results shall be available for the shore and ship side HVSC system.
Tests at repeated calls of a shore supply point
General
If the interval between port calls is less than 12 months and no modifications have been made on either the shore side or the ship side, the verification outlined in section 11.2.2 must be carried out.
If this time is exceeded, the tests according to 10.4.2 shall be performed
NOTE The time between port calls means same ship at the same shore supply point.
Verification
The process includes conducting a visual inspection, verifying the absence of earth faults, stating the voltage and frequency, and following an authorized switching and connection procedure or its equivalent.
Procedures should include an approved “Lock-out, Tag-out” system that is jointly controlled by the ship and shore PIC
General
The manufacturer must provide comprehensive documentation for the HVSC system and its control apparatus, including operational principles, technical specifications, installation instructions, startup or commissioning procedures, troubleshooting guidelines, maintenance and repair information, as well as lists of essential testing facilities and replaceable components.
System description
A complete system description, including circuit diagrams, specifying set points and operation instructions, shall be prepared by parties responsible for shore and ship HVSC systems
The parties responsible for shore and ship HVSC systems, shall provide a testing and verification program for the whole installation that will demonstrate compliance with the specification
Ship to shore connection cable
The standard rated voltages U 0 /U (U m ) of the cables considered are as follows:
U 0 /U (U m ) = 6/10 (12) kV r.m.s The standard rated voltages U 0 /U (U m ) of the neutral cables considered are as follows:
U 0 is the rated voltage between phase conductor and earth or metallic screen for which the cable is designed;
U is the rated frequency voltage between phase conductors for which the cable is designed;
U_m represents the maximum value of the highest system voltage that can be maintained under normal operating conditions at any point in the system This value does not account for transient voltage conditions or the rapid disconnection of loads.
The cables must consist of power cores featuring copper conductors, a conductor screen, insulation, and an insulation screen Additionally, the power cores should be arranged with earth cores that include a copper conductor and a semi-conducting layer If required by the relevant ship annexes, pilot and fiber-optic elements should be placed in the spaces between the power cores.
NOTE IEC 60092-350:2008, 4.6, provides further information regarding the use of inner coverings
IEC 60092-350:2008, 4.7 provides further information regarding the use of inner sheathing
The neutral cables are constituted as follows: core with copper conductor, insulation and outer sheath
When proposing an alternative to the recommendations of Annex A, it is crucial to recognize that the installation may not be compatible with a compliant shore supply or ship Documentation of the alternative must be provided and accessible to personnel responsible for conducting the compatibility assessment.
All conductors should be flexible (class 5 of IEC 60228 or Table 11 of IEEE Std 1580™-2001)
The conductors should be plain or metal-coated copper conductors
A.2.3 Insulation of power cores and neutral core
The insulating compounds should be extruded cross-linked solid dielectric designated as
EPR, HF EPR, HEPR or HF HEPR in IEC 60092-351 or IEEE Std 1580
Electrical and non-electrical characteristics of the insulation system should be as specified in
IEC 60092-351 or IEEE Std 1580 for the type of insulating compound used
Insulation thickness should be in accordance with IEC 60092-354, or IEEE Std 1580 for the standard rated voltages
Insulation thickness for the neutral core should be in accordance with IEC 60092-353 for the standard rated voltages
Screening of individual power cores should consist of a conductor screen and an insulation screen
The conductor screen must be non-metallic, made from an extruded semi-conducting compound or a blend of this compound with semi-conducting tape It is essential that the conductor screen is securely bonded to the insulation.
The insulation screen should consist of a non-metallic semi-conducting layer and, if necessary to fulfil the cable test requirements within this annex, in combination with a metallic layer
The metallic layer, if any, should be applied over the individual cores and should comply with the requirements of Clause 12 of IEC 60092-354:2003, or IEEE Std 1580
National authorities having jurisdiction may require a metallic component in the insulation screen
Earth conductors should be flexible copper conductors according to class 5 of IEC 60228 or
Table 11 of IEEE Std 1580 forming together at least 50 % of the power core cross section
A.2.5.2 Conductor screen of earth conductors (optional)
The conductor screen, when used, should be non-metallic and should consist of an extruded semi-conducting compound, according to IEC 60092-354 or IEEE Std 1580
A.2.6 Pilot element with rated voltage U 0 / U ( U m ) = 150/250 (300) V
Pilot conductors should be flexible, plain or metal-coated copper conductors according to
IEC 60228 class 5 or Table 11 of IEEE 1580-2001; with a minimum cross section area of
The insulation of pilot conductors should be extruded cross-linked solid dielectric of one of the types indicated in A.2.3
Electrical and non-electrical characteristics of the insulation system should be as specified in
IEC 60092-351 or IEEE 1580 for the relevant type of insulating compound used
Thickness of insulation should be in accordance with IEC 60092-376 or IEEE 1580 for the relevant insulation type
Pilot cores must be laid up according to the specific requirements outlined in the ship type annex It is acceptable to use a wrapped covering with tapes or an extruded covering over the laid-up cores, while screening remains optional.
Optical fibres should consist of at least six 62,5/125 gradient fibres Optical fibres should be according to IEC 60793-2-10 product specification A1b
There should be no breakage of the optical fibres after conclusion of the mechanical bending test (see A.3) of the cable
The three power cores, the earth core(s), the pilot element and the optical fibres should be laid up
If separator tape is used it should be wrapped around the assembled cores and should consist of a suitable, non-hygroscopic material
The outer sheathing material should have a high level of mechanical properties per
IEC 60092-359 or IEEE 1580 Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in accordance with
EN 50363-10-2 is a recognized material standard, requiring all sheath materials to have a minimum tensile strength of 15 N/mm² and a minimum elongation at break of 300% Additionally, the extruded outer sheath must maintain a minimum thickness of 6 mm for high voltage cables and 2.5 mm for separate neutral cables.
Cables sheaths should be permanently marked repeatedly throughout their length with an indication of origin with the manufacturer’s name and/or registered trademark, rated voltage
(U 0 /U), construction (number of cores and cross sectional area of power conductors, earth conductors, pilots and fibre type of fibre optics) and the relevant standard
EXAMPLE Manufacturer’s name or trademark” 3x185/95 + 3x1.5 + 6x 62.5/125 6/10 kV IEC/ISO/IEEE 80005-1
Continuity should be in accordance with IEC 60092-354, (IEC 60092-353, for neutral cable) or
Durability should be in accordance with IEC 60092-354, (IEC 60092-353, for neutral cable) or
Legibility should be in accordance with IEC 60092-354, (IEC 60092-353, for neutral cable) or
For these tests, reference is made to the relevant clauses of IEC 60092-350 or
For test methods for insulation and sheaths reference should be made to the appropriate part of IEC 60811
Routine tests, special tests and type tests should be conducted in accordance with
IEC 60092-354 or IEEE Std 1580 with the following additions or modifications: a) Bending test (see Figure A.1):
1) The test should consist of 5 000 cycles of operation
2) After 2 500 cycles, the cable should be rotated 180 degrees b) The diameter of the bending reels should be 10 D r5 %; where:
1) D is the actual external diameter of the cable sample, in millimetres
2) Tensile force should be 15 N/mm 2 of power cores
3) Maximum % of broken wires for each conductor and metallic screen, if required, should not exceed 20 %
4) Maximum % of broken optical fibres to be 0 %
On completion of this test, the sample should be subjected to a partial discharge measurement The magnitude of discharges at 1,73 U 0 should not be higher than 10 pC
Figure A.1 – Bending test arrangement c) Sunlight-resistance test on outer sheath (duration of test 720 h):
1) The test should be performed in accordance with ISO 4892-2:2006, Table 3, test method A, cycle no 2.
2) Maximum permissible change: tensile strength r 40 %, and elongation at break r 40 %. d) Abrasion test on outer sheath:
1) The test should be performed in accordance with ISO 4649:2010, test method A.
2) Relative volume loss, 'V rel : max 300 mm 3 e) Flame propagation test:
The test should be performed in accordance with IEC 60332-1-2 f) Behaviour of completed cable at low temperatures:
The test should be performed in accordance with IEC 60092-350:2008, 8.9.1, 8.9.2, and Annex E, or IEEE Std 1580 The test should be conducted at -40 °C r 2 °C g) Resistance between earth conductor and semi-conductive layer:
The resistance between earth conductor and semi-conductive layer should be maximum 500 ohm before and after bending test
Additional requirements for Roll-on Roll-off (Ro-Ro) cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships
This annex describes the additional requirements on HVSC systems of Ro-Ro cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships, excluding pure car carriers
This annex maintains the same numbering as the main text, which means the sequence may not be continuous Any content not specifically referenced remains applicable without changes For instance, section B.4.1 corresponds to section 4.1 in the main body.
The general system layout is shown in Figure B.1
Figure B.1 – Example for general system layout
B.4.6.4 Electrical equipment in areas where flammable gas or vapour and/or combustible dust may be present
HVSC systems must not be installed in potentially hazardous areas, such as car decks, where a failure to maintain the required air changes per hour during cargo loading, offloading, or normal operations could occur.
The nominal voltage shall be 11 kV a.c
Nominal voltage of 6,6 kV a.c may be used in regional waterborne transportation services
Where a shore side transformer is used, the star point shall be earthed, through a neutral earthing resistor of 335 ohm continuous rated
Nominal voltage of 6,6 kV will require a 200 ohm continuous rated resistor
B.7 Ship to shore connection and interface equipment
One cable shall be used for HVSC system up to a power demand of 6,5 MVA
The cable management system shall be fitted at the shore side facility for Ro-Ro passenger ships and Ro-Ro cargo ships (see Figure B.1)
Figure B.2 shows an example of safety circuits
Figure B.2 – Example of a safety circuit
The equipotential bond termination device must adhere to specific requirements, including a Zener diode characteristic with a Zener voltage of 5.6 V ± 0.03 Vdc at 100 mA It should have a forward voltage of 0.5 V ± 0.1 Vdc at the same current, a maximum impedance of 20 mOhm at 100 mA, and an operating temperature range from -40 °C to 60 °C Additionally, the device must support a current range of 2 mA to 25 A and a frequency range of 0 kHz to 20 kHz with a -3 dB point.
General arrangement of plug and socket-outlet shall be in accordance to IEC 62613-2:2011,
Annex FF and Figure B.3 below
Figure B.3 – Power plug and socket pin assignment
The maximum short-circuit current is 16 kA / 1 s and a maximum peak short-circuit current of
Each plug and socket outlet shall be fitted with three pilot contacts
Design and dimensions of a power plug, see IEC 62613-1 and IEC 62613-2
Pilot contacts are part of the safety circuit (see 4.9 and Figure B.2)
Additional requirements for cruise ships
This annex describes the additional requirements for high-voltage shore connection systems of cruise ships
This annex maintains the same numbering as the main text, meaning the sequence may not be continuous Any content not specifically referenced remains applicable without changes For instance, section C.4.1 corresponds to section 4.1 in the main body.
The general system layout is shown in Figure C.1
To supplement general system layout provided in Figure C.1, Figure C.2 is provided to show a detailed representation of an example of a cruise ship HVSC system single line diagram
Figure C.2 – Cruise ship HVSC system single line diagram
Figure C.3 shows an example of safety and control circuits
Figure C.3 – Example of safety and control circuit
Assessment that the ship provides effective earthing
C.4.4 HVSC system design and operation
Periodic verification of the earthing system is required
Personnel conducting verification and maintenance should be suitably qualified and experienced
The HVSC system shall be rated for at least 16 MVA (but 20 MVA is recommended where practical) at nominal ship system voltages of 11 kV a.c and/or 6,6 kV a.c
Consideration may be given to a HVSC system with a lower rating where only ships with lower power demands will be required to connect
Measures shall be taken so that ships with power demands higher than the HVSC system rating will reduce their power demand prior to connecting
An analysis of the 2009 cruise ship fleet indicates that ports frequently visited by various cruise ships will need a minimum shore supply rating of 20 MVA at the specified nominal system voltages in the near to medium term Furthermore, it has been determined that most cruise ship electrical systems operate at a nominal frequency of 60 Hz.
Designers should consider rating connection equipment for 6.6 kV a.c HVSC systems based on 11 kV a.c characteristics, as the accidental connection of the ship's socket-outlet and connection switchboard to an 11 kV a.c shore supply is a foreseeable risk.
Some ships may require on board isolation transformer
The prospective short-circuit contribution level from the HV shore distribution system shall be limited by the shore-sided system to 25 kA rms
The prospective short-circuit contribution level from the on board running induction motors and the generators in operation shall be limited to a short circuit current of 25 kA rms for 1 s.
Neutral continuity check with trip function shall be provided
The shore side transformer star point shall be earthed, through a neutral earthing resistor of
540 ohms continuous rated, and bonded only to the shipside (see Figure C.2)
Modern cruise ship high voltage (HV) distribution systems utilize high resistance earthing resistors connected to each generator's star point This earthing method effectively limits earth fault current based on the resistor's size Conversely, when connected to shore power, the HV earth fault current can exceed the ship's installation rating.
General arrangement of connector located ashore shall be according to Figure C.4
Each 3-phase HV plug or socket-outlet shall have: a) 3 phase current carrying contacts, (L1, L2, L3); b) one earth contact (see Figure C.4 below); and c) one pilot contact for ground-check monitoring
Figure C.4 – Shore power connector pin assignment
General arrangement of power plug and socket-outlet shall be in accordance to IEC 62613-
2:2011, Annex GG, and Figure C.4 The neutral plug and socket-outlet shall be in accordance to IEC 62613-2:2011, Annex HH
Size, quantity and rating of cables shall be sufficient to meet the maximum power rating and voltage that the terminal can supply to the ship
NOTE Typically (2009), cruise ships utilize four (4) power 3-phase couplers, each rated 500 A and one neutral single pole connector rated 250A
The maximum short-circuit current is 25 kA / 1 s and a maximum peak short-circuit current of
Power plugs and neutral plugs must be equipped with fail-safe limit switches that activate only when the plug is correctly connected to the socket-outlet.
These fail safe limit switches shall be part of, and activate the emergency shutdown, if the plug is moved from the mated position while live, see 4.9
Figure C.5 – The power inlet fitted with fail-safe limit switch C.8.1 General
Connection between the neutral and ship’s hull shall be robust and durable for proper bonding
Additional requirements of container ships
This Annex describes the additional requirements on HVSC systems of container ships
This annex maintains the same numbering as the main text, which means the sequence may not be continuous Any content not specifically addressed here remains applicable without changes For instance, section D.4.1 refers to section 4.1 in the main body.
The general system layout is shown in Figure D.1
Figure D.1 – General system layout D.5.1 Voltages and frequencies
The nominal voltage of the HVSC shall be 6,6 kV
The shore side transformer star point shall be earthed, through a neutral earthing resistor of
D.7 Ship to shore connection and interface equipment
Two parallel cables with three pilot conductors each shall be used for HVSC systems up to a maximum power demand of 7,5 MVA
The cable management system shall be located on board ship