NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61982 1 Première édition First edition 2006 09 Accumulateurs pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques – Partie 1 Paramètres d’essai Sec[.]
Précision des appareils de mesure
Tout appareil peut être utilisé à condition que les exigences de précision du présent paragraphe soient maintenues, conformément à la CEI 60051
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SECONDARY BATTERIES FOR THE PROPULSION
OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES – Part 1: Test parameters
This standard outlines the required parameters, including voltage, current, power, and temperature, for testing battery cells, monoblocs, and modules utilized in electric road vehicle propulsion It also establishes specific test conditions and procedures.
In its present form, the standard does not apply to high temperature batteries such as sodium/sulphur types
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document
For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
IEC 60051 (all parts), Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply
3.1 type testing measures the performance of the product under closely controlled conditions, largely free from environmental and self generated influences
Applications testing evaluates battery performance under specific criteria, allowing it to respond to influences from both the application and battery management systems.
Any instrument may be used on condition that the accuracy requirements of this subclause are met, in accordance with IEC 60051
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4.1.2.1 Plage des dispositifs de mesure
Les appareils utilisés doivent permettre de mesurer les valeurs de tension et de courant
La plage de ces appareils et méthodes de mesure doit être choisie afin d’assurer la précision spécifiée pour chaque essai
Pour les appareils analogiques, cela implique que les valeurs lues doivent être prises dans le dernier tiers de l’échelle graduée
Tout autre appareil de mesure peut être utilisé, à condition qu’il donne une précision équivalente
Les appareils utilisés pour la mesure de la tension doivent être des voltmètres d’une classe de précision supérieure ou égale à 0,5 La résistance des voltmètres utilisés doit être d’au moins 1 000 Ω/V
Current measurement devices must be ammeters with a precision class of 0.5 or higher The complete setup, including the ammeter, shunt, and wires, should also meet the same precision class requirement of 0.5 or greater.
When the electrolyte is accessible, the temperature of the element should be measured using a thermal probe immersed in the electrolyte above the plates The temperature measuring device must have an appropriate range, ensuring that the value of each graduated division does not exceed 1 K Additionally, the absolute accuracy of the device should be at least 1 K.
When the electrolyte is not accessible, the temperature of the element should be measured using a surface temperature measurement device that offers scale definition and calibration accuracy equivalent to those specified in Section 4.1.2 It is important to measure the temperature at a location that closely reflects the temperature of the electrolyte.
4.1.4 Mesure de la masse volumique de l’électrolyte
To measure the density of the electrolyte, hydrometers should be used with graduated scales such that the value of each division does not exceed 5 kg/m³ The absolute accuracy of the device must be at least 5 kg/m³.
Les appareils utilisés pour la mesure du temps doivent avoir une précision de ±1 % ou supérieure
NOTE N’importe quel instrument peut être utilisé à condition que les exigences de précision de 4.1 soient maintenues.
Echantillons d’essai
Each test condition requires a minimum of 5 samples, and when testing monoblocks, at least two test samples must be submitted, with each sample containing no fewer than 5 elements.
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The selected instruments must accurately measure voltage and current, with their range and methods tailored to meet the specified accuracy for each test.
For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall be taken in the last third of the graduated scale
Any other measuring instruments may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy
The instruments used for voltage measurement shall be voltmeters of an accuracy class equal to 0,5 or better The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 000 Ω/V
For accurate current measurement, ammeters must have an accuracy class of 0.5 or better Additionally, the complete setup, including the ammeter, shunt, and leads, should also meet the same accuracy standard of 0.5 or higher.
To measure the cell temperature where the electrolyte is accessible, a temperature probe should be immersed in the electrolyte above the plates The temperature measuring instrument must have an appropriate range, with each graduated division not exceeding 1 K, and an absolute accuracy of at least 1 K.
In situations where the electrolyte is inaccessible, it is essential to measure the cell temperature using a surface temperature measuring device that meets the calibration accuracy and scale definition outlined in section 4.1.2 The measurement should be taken at a site that best represents the temperature of the electrolyte.
To measure electrolyte densities, hydrometers must be utilized with scales graduated such that each division does not exceed 5 kg/m³ Additionally, the instrument's absolute accuracy should be a minimum of 5 kg/m³.
The instruments used for measuring time shall have an accuracy of ±1 % or better
NOTE Any instrument may be used on condition that the accuracy requirements of 4.1 are maintained
A minimum of 5 cells is required for each test condition, while monoblocs must be tested with at least two samples, each containing a minimum of 5 cells.
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When conducting application tests on a specific vehicle battery, either a complete battery or a representative section of the battery may be utilized, depending on the agreement between the battery manufacturers and the vehicle manufacturers.
Température d’essai
La température de la batterie au début de la décharge doit être la température d’essai spécifiée ±5 °C
La température des échantillons d’essai doit être maintenue à la température d’essai spécifiée ±5 °C au cours de la décharge complète
When the initial temperature of the element during discharge differs from the reference temperature and significantly affects the outcome, an appropriate correction factor must be applied to the resulting capacity.
L’équation suivante peut être utilisée pour corriger les valeurs de capacité par rapport à la capacité réelle
C a est la capacité réelle de l’échantillon à la température de référence;
C est la capacité mesurée à la température initiale; t 0 est la température initiale; t r est la température de référence (25 °C); λ est le facteur de correction de température (voir Tableau 1 pour les valeurs)
After discharge, the components/battery must be fully charged according to the manufacturer's recommendations and then stabilized at the specified test temperature for a period of 1 to 4 hours before the next discharge.
Les échantillons d’essai doivent être disposés selon une configuration représentative d’une batterie en service
Battery systems equipped with thermal management systems must be operational during testing All systems should be powered by the test battery as part of the standard procedure.
Lorsque la circulation d’air (souffle) en service est un facteur de refroidissement de la batterie, cela doit être simulé avec des ventilateurs.
Emplacement du capteur de température
The temperature measurement point should be as specified by the manufacturer, ideally located to closely reflect the electrolyte temperature If no specific point is indicated, it should be positioned at the center of the longest side of a single element or an element that is part of a monoblock.
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Applications tests for batteries tailored to specific vehicles may utilize either a complete battery or a representative section, as mutually agreed upon by battery and vehicle manufacturers.
The battery temperature at the start of the discharge shall be the specified test temperature ± 5 °C
The temperature of the test samples shall be maintained at the specified test temperature ± 5 °C, during the entire discharge
When the cell temperature at the start of discharge deviates from the reference temperature and significantly impacts the outcome, a suitable correction factor must be applied to the resulting capacity.
The following equation can be used to correct capacity values to the actual capacity
C a is the capacity of the test sample at the reference temperature;
C is the measured capacity at the initial temperature; t 0 is the initial temperature; t r is the reference temperature (25 °C); λ is the temperature correction factor (see Table 1 for values)
After discharge, it is essential to fully charge the cells or battery according to the manufacturer's guidelines Subsequently, the battery should be stabilized at the specified test temperature for a duration of 1 to 4 hours before proceeding to the next discharge.
The test samples shall be arranged in a configuration representative of a battery in service
Batteries provided with thermal management systems shall have these systems operational during the test All systems shall be powered by the test battery where this is the normal procedure
Where air movement (slipstream) in service is a factor in cooling the battery, this shall be simulated with fans
The temperature measuring point should be located as specified by the manufacturer to accurately reflect the electrolyte temperature If no specific point is provided, it should be positioned at the center of the longer side of the cell, whether it is a single cell or part of a monobloc assembly.
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Enregistrement des données
L’enregistrement des données doit inclure le temps, la température, la tension et le courant et les observations visuelles
Les données doivent inclure un enregistrement de toutes les opérations de maintenance effectuées sur les échantillons de batteries au cours de la séquence d’essais
It is essential to measure and store all parameters at an appropriate frequency to ensure that all actual deviations are recorded for later data analysis Additionally, for tests involving short-term transient conditions, proper monitoring is crucial.
(par exemple mesure de la puissance de crête), la fréquence d’échantillonnage
(généralement une fois par seconde) et la différence de temps entre les mesures de courant et de tension correspondantes (généralement 0,1 s ou moins) sont importantes pendant la période d’essai critique
Essai de capacité
Avant tout essai de capacité, l’échantillon d’essai doit être complètement chargé, conformément à la norme applicable.
Capacité assignée
This essay aims to assess the capacity, expressed in Ah, of battery elements/modules discharged at a constant current The rated capacity should be the 3-hour capacity at a temperature of 25 °C as declared by the manufacturer.
La batterie doit être déchargée à un courant constant: h 3
I jusqu’à une tension finale de U f3 ó
I n est le courant constant en ampères (A);
C n est la capacité assignée telle que déclarée par le fabricant, en ampères-heures (Ah);
U f3 est la tension finale spécifiée pour le type de batterie en volts (V) (Voir Tableau 1)
New batteries undergoing capacity testing require 20 cycles to achieve the assigned capacity The capacity test must be halted as soon as the assigned capacity is reached during the first cycle Batteries that do not meet the assigned capacity by the end of the 20th cycle are considered to have failed.
Des capacités supplémentaires considérées comme appropriées pour une utilisation en liaison avec les applications de véhicules routiers sont les capacités de 5 h, 1 h et 0,5 h
Les tensions finales appropriées pour les capacités C 5 , C 1 et C 0,5 , c’est-à-dire U 5 , U 1 et
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Data recording shall include time, temperature, voltage and current and visual observations
Data shall include a record of any maintenance performed on battery samples during the test sequence
To ensure comprehensive data analysis, all parameters must be measured and stored at a sufficient sample rate to capture relevant deviations Furthermore, for tests that involve short-term transient conditions, such as peak power measurement, it is crucial to maintain an appropriate sampling frequency.
(typically once per second) and the time difference between corresponding current and voltage measurements (typically 0,1 s or less) are important during the critical test period
Prior to any capacity test, the test sample shall be fully charged in accordance with the relevant standard
This test measures the ampere-hour (Ah) capacity of batteries, cells, or modules when discharged at a constant current The rated capacity is defined as the 3-hour capacity at a temperature of 25 °C, as declared by the manufacturer.
The battery shall be discharged at a constant current of h 3
I to a final voltage of U f3 where
I n is the constant current in amperes (A);
C n is the rated capacity as declared by the manufacturer, in ampere-hours (Ah);
U f3 is the final voltage specified for the battery type in volts (V) (See Table 1)
New batteries undergo capacity testing for up to 20 cycles to reach their rated capacity The testing process is halted as soon as the rated capacity is met during any cycle If a battery fails to achieve the rated capacity by the end of the 20th cycle, it is considered a failure.
Additional capacities considered appropriate for use in connection with road vehicle applications are the 5 h, 1 h and 0,5 h capacities The appropriate final voltages for C 5 , C 1 and C 0,5 capacities, i.e U 5 , U 1 and U 0,5 are contained in Table 1
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Lorsqu’elles sont appropriées au type de batterie, les températures d’essai d’éléments/de batteries suivantes pourraient fournir un profil utile de performance: 45 °C, 0 °C et –20 °C.
Essais de décharge dynamiques
Dynamic testing is designed to measure the performance of battery components/modules under dynamic discharge conditions that mimic the demands placed on electric vehicles during urban driving.
Les effets des courants de décharge de niveau élevé au cours de l’accélération sur les performances globales de la batterie résultant d’impulsions peuvent être déterminés
Although in practice the loads applied to the battery are typically at a constant power, it is deemed acceptable for this type of testing to use constant current discharges This approach also makes the testing more universally feasible regarding the testing apparatus.
5.3.2 Taux de variation du courant
The rate of change of current, defined as the time difference in seconds between one steady state and the next, during dynamic tests must be ≤ 1 second from one steady state to the following.
5.3.3 Essai d’endurance (essai de décharge dynamique)
La batterie doit être soumise à des cycles à l’aide du cycle d’essai désigné, jusqu’à ce que la capacité réelle chute à 80 % de sa capacité initiale
A battery is considered to be at the end of its life when it fails to charge to 80% of its initial capacity during two consecutive cycles This assessment is based on repeated reference cycles that deplete 80% of the energy or capacity obtained in the dynamic discharge test.
Conditions générales
Testing in this category is typically associated with specific applications and may utilize the vehicle's battery management system as a control mechanism during the testing process In cases where parameters are not predetermined, the specifications outlined in this document should be followed.
Les essais de décharge simuleront généralement l’application en utilisant une décharge à puissance constante.
Tolérances admissibles
Puissance: ±2 % de la valeur spécifiée
Taux de variation de la puissance: