NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61300 3 19 Première édition First edition 1997 03 Numéro de référence Reference number CEI/IEC 61300 3 19 1997 Dispositifs d’interconnexion et compo[.]
Domaine d’application et objet
This section of IEC 1300 outlines the test that assesses the impact of the state of polarization (SOP) of light passing through a component on the reflected power of a single-mode fiber Reflected power is defined as the absolute value of the decibel ratio of the total reflected power to the incident power in an optical fiber system or link.
The state of polarization (SOP) of light in a component is typically uncertain and often changes over time A component with polarization dependence will exhibit variable reflected power within a system This procedure is applicable to all passive single-mode components and interconnection devices, such as attenuators, isolators, couplers, switches, connectors, and splices, when relevant.
Méthode A
La méthode A permet de déterminer la sensibilité maximale à la polarisation dans toute la gamme des états de polarisation possibles La lumière est injectée dans la porte d’entrée du
The Device Under Test (DUT) allows for the application of linear, circular, and elliptical polarization states with varying orientation axes while measuring the emitted power from the outputs By applying both minimum and maximum powers through the DUT, the State of Polarization (SOP) can determine the minimum and maximum reflected powers of the DUT Method A is the preferred approach, especially for any device where the SOP of the light passing through the device changes.
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FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES AND
PASSIVE COMPONENTS – BASIC TEST AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES –
Part 3-19: Examinations and measurements – Polarization dependence of return loss of a singlemode fibre optic component
This section of IEC 1300 outlines a test to assess how the return loss of a singlemode fibre optic component is influenced by the state of polarization (SOP) of the light Return loss is defined as the absolute value of the decibel ratio of total reflected power to incident power in an optical fibre system Given that the SOP of light within a component is typically unpredictable and can fluctuate over time, components with polarization dependence will demonstrate varying return loss in a system.
This procedure can be applied to any singlemode passive component and interconnecting device, including attenuators, isolators, branching devices, switches, connectors, and splices, if applicable.
This normative document outlines provisions that are integral to IEC 1300 At the time of publication, the specified edition was current It is important to note that all normative documents may be revised, and parties involved in agreements related to IEC 1300 should consider using the latest edition of the referenced normative document Additionally, IEC and ISO members keep updated registers of valid International Standards.
IEC 875-1: 1996, Fibre optic branching devices – Part 1: Generic specification
The measurement is made by comparing the optical power incident on the device under test
The Device Under Test (DUT) reflects optical power along the incident path when light with a specific State of Polarization (SOP) is introduced This analysis is conducted under varying SOP conditions, typically using a pigtailed fiber optic component as the DUT To monitor both the input optical power and the reflected power, a polarization-independent branching device is employed to tap into the respective power levels Automated data acquisition systems are commonly utilized to streamline the comparison process.
Two methods for measuring the polarization dependence are described.
Method A identifies the peak polarization sensitivity across various polarization states Light is introduced into the input port of the Device Under Test (DUT), allowing for the adjustment of linear, circular, and elliptical polarization states with varying axes of orientation, while simultaneously monitoring the output power from the ports This process involves fine-tuning to achieve both maximum and minimum power readings.
The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) can lead to varying return loss levels in the Device Under Test (DUT), with Method A being the preferred choice This is especially true for devices where the SOP of light transmission is altered.
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Méthode B
Method B allows for the determination of the maximum sensitivity to polarization across the entire range of polarization states of light injected into the device It typically underestimates the polarization sensitivity of reflected power from equipment that is insensitive to linearly polarized light In this method, linearly polarized light is injected into the input port of the Device Under Test (DUT), with the linear State of Polarization (SOP) of the injected light generally rotated by at least 180° while measuring the reflected power from the DUT If the DUT's input port includes an integrated launch fiber or cable, it must be deployed in a straight line without external constraints such as bending, twisting, undulation, or tension, as these external stresses can alter the polarization state transmitted through the fiber.
Les appareillages et équipements suivants sont nécessaires pour effectuer cet essai:
Source optique
A laser source must be utilized that meets the specific spectral characteristics outlined in the particular specification, including wavelength and spectral width Unless otherwise stated, the spectral width should be less than 10 nm Additionally, the power of the source must be sufficient to meet the measurement dynamic range requirements when combined with the detector's sensitivity.
Power must be adjustable or fixed as specified in the particular specification The stability of power and wavelength must be adequate to achieve the desired measurement accuracy throughout the measurement process Unless stated otherwise, the power stability should be around 0.05 dB.
NOTE – ll est possible que les lasers multimodes ne présentent pas la stabilité de polarisation requise pour cette mesure.
Unité d'excitation E
This unit features a passive optical system that transmits optical power to the component Measures must be implemented to ensure that higher-order modes are adequately attenuated and that the Device Under Test (DUT) operates in single-mode at the measurement wavelength.
Régleur de polarisation PA
The installation of a fixed or processor-based system is essential for adjusting the SOP of the incident optical beam for measurement purposes It must be compatible with the measuring component Unless stated otherwise, the light source should be polarized with an extinction ratio of at least 10^{-2} If the source does not meet this polarization level, a polarizer should be employed to maintain the extinction ratio across the entire measurement wavelength range Two types of polarizers are recommended for optimal performance.
The article discusses the need for a reliable method to consistently adjust the SOP of injection across all possible states It emphasizes that the system's alignment must ensure the reproducibility of the injected power for the same polarizer orientation Figure 1 illustrates a linear polarizer (P), a half-wave plate (H), and a quarter-wave plate (Q) arranged on rotation stages within a collimated optical path created by two collimating lenses at the monochromator's output All components must be compatible with the source wavelength, BD, and the device under test (DUT).
1) Rashleigh, R.C., “Origins and Control of Polarization Effect in Single-Mode Fibre”, Journal of Lightwave
Technology, vol LTI #2, Juin 1983, pp 312-331.
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Method B assesses the maximum polarization sensitivity of linearly polarized light as it passes through the device under test (DUT) This approach may underestimate the polarization sensitivity of return loss in devices that do not rely on linearly polarized light In this method, linearly polarized light is introduced into the DUT's input port, with the linear state of polarization (SOP) rotated through at least 180° while measuring the reflected power It is crucial that if the DUT has an integral fiber or cable pigtail, it is deployed straight without any external stresses such as bends, twists, kinks, or tension, as these can alter the state of polarization within the fiber.
The following apparatus and equipment are required to perform this test:
A laser source must be utilized that meets the specified spectral characteristics, including both wavelength and spectral width Unless otherwise stated, the spectral width should be under 10 nm.
The source power shall be capable of meeting the dynamic range requirements of the measurement when combined with the detector sensitivity.
The power must be adjustable between modulated and unmodulated states as outlined in the detailed specifications To ensure accurate measurements, the source's power and wavelength stability should meet the required standards throughout the measurement process Unless stated otherwise, the power stability should not exceed 0.05 dB.
NOTE – Multimode lasers may not provide sufficient polarization stability required for this measurement.
This unit features a passive optical system designed to transmit optical power to the component It includes mechanisms to ensure that higher order modes are adequately attenuated, allowing the Device Under Test (DUT) to operate in single mode at the measurement wavelength.
This article discusses a fixture or processor designed to adjust the State of Polarization (SOP) of an incident optical beam for measurement applications It must be compatible with the component being measured, and unless stated otherwise, the optical source should achieve a polarization with a minimum extinction ratio of 10^{-2} If the source does not meet this polarization requirement, a polarizer should be employed to ensure the extinction ratio is maintained across the measurement's wavelength range Two recommended types of Polarization Analyzers (PA) are also mentioned.
To ensure reproducible adjustments of the SOP during the launch across all states, the system's alignment must guarantee consistent launched power for the same polarizer orientation Figure 1 illustrates an in-line PA featuring a linear polarizer (P), a half-wave retardation plate (H), and a quarter-wave retardation plate (Q), all mounted on rotation stages within a collimated optical path created by two collimating lenses at the monochromator's output It is essential that all components are compatible with the source wavelength, BD, and DUT.
1) Rashleigh, R.C., "Origins and Control of Polarization Effect in Single-Mode Fiber", Journal of Lightwave
Technology, vol LT1 #2, June 1983, pp 312-331.
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The P plate generates an initial linearly polarized beam with a high extinction ratio, regardless of the initial polarization degree of the light beam The Q plate alters the state of polarization (SOP) of the linearly polarized beam into elliptical or circular polarization The H plate then takes the SOP created by the Q plate and rotates it by any angle in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation, while preserving the degree of polarization.
The three optical blades must be properly aligned within the optical beam, with the rotation angles (e.g., θP, θQ, and θH) adjustable precisely around their common axis These angles should be repeatable and easy to read This combination of elements allows for the generation of any possible SOP Additionally, other methods for adjusting the polarization state are permitted, such as inline fiber polarization controllers or other polarization instruments as specified in the particular specification.
Figure 1 – Exemple de PA pour la méthode A
For method B, the apparatus must enable the injection of linearly polarized light and allow for a reproducible rotation of at least 180° The system alignment must be precise enough to ensure consistent power injection for the same polarizer orientation As illustrated in Figure 2, a linear polarizer (P) and a half-wave plate (H) are mounted on rotation stages and placed in the collimated optical path following the light source Other methods for reproducibly adjusting the polarization state are permitted, including inline fiber polarization controllers or other polarization instruments as specified in the particular specification.
Figure 2 – Exemple de PA pour la méthode B
Dispositif de couplage indépendant de la polarisation BD
This is a precisely mounted or selected 2 × 2 directional coupling device that can be utilized at the optical source wavelength for measurement purposes with known characteristics The directivity of the device must exceed 55 dB Additionally, its splitting ratio (SR) of the power accepted at the input port to the two output ports must be specified.
50 ± 2 % à cette longueur d’onde Les caractéristiques du BD doivent être indépendantes de la polarisation Sauf indication contraire, la stabilité de la polarisation doit être de DSR ± 1 % au maximum.
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The P plate generates a linearly polarized beam with a high extinction ratio, independent of the light beam's initial polarization state Meanwhile, the Q plate modifies the beam to achieve any desired polarization configuration.
SOP from linearly polarized through elliptical and circularly polarized The H plate takes the
SOP created by the Q plate and rotates it to any angle in the plane which is perpendicular to the direction of the propagation, while maintaining the degree of polarization.
The three plates must be precisely aligned within the optical beam, allowing for accurate adjustments of the rotation angles (θP, θQ, and θH) around their shared axis These angles should be easily readable and consistently repeatable, ensuring optimal performance of the system.
SOP can be generated, and alternative methods for consistently adjusting the state of polarization are allowed, such as in-line fiber polarization controllers or other specified polarization instruments.
Figure 1 – PA example for method A
Method B requires the PA to enable the reproducible launch of linearly polarized light, with the capability to rotate it through at least 180° The system's alignment must ensure consistent power output for the same polarizer orientation As illustrated in figure 2, a linear polarizer (P) and a half-wave retardation plate (H) are mounted on rotation stages within the collimated optical path from the source Additionally, other methods for adjusting the state of polarization, such as in-line fiber polarization controllers or specified polarization instrumentation, are acceptable.
Figure 2 – PA example for method B
3.4 Polarization independent branching device BD
The 2 × 2 directional branching device is specifically designed for measurement applications at the optical source's wavelength, featuring well-defined characteristics It boasts a directivity exceeding 55 dB, and the splitting ratio (SR) for power transfer from the input port to the two output ports is maintained at 50 ± 2% at the specified wavelength.
The characteristics of the BD shall be polarization independent Unless otherwise specified, the polarization stability shall be DSR ± 1 % maximum.
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Liaison temporaire TJ
A method, device, or fixed mechanical installation is used for the temporary alignment of two fiber ends in a reproducible connection with low attenuation and polarization-insensitive coupling Typically, a fusion splice is employed after the polarization adjuster, as mechanical splices may exhibit sensitivity to polarization if the end faces are not perpendicular to the fiber axis The stability of the temporary connection must align with the required measurement precision.
Fibre de référence RF
Fibre sélectionnée utilisée à des fins de mesure Elle doit être du même type que celle utilisée sur le DUT et de la longueur similaire.
Détecteur
Le détecteur doit être compatible avec la source optique et le DUT Le ou les détecteurs utilisés doivent avoir une gamme dynamique suffisante pour effectuer les mesures.
The detectors must maintain a linearity deviation of no more than 2% across the expected optical power range and have an adequate detection area They should be positioned close to the output to capture all transmitted light from the fiber of the tested component Additionally, the detector's resolution must exceed 0.05 dB, and precautions should be taken to ensure that the power density received by the detector remains at least 10 dB below its saturation level.
The detectors must be adequately insensitive to polarization to maintain measurement accuracy If needed, a depolarizer can be used after the test device and before the detector to achieve the required precision.
Dispositif de terminaison T
Les dispositifs de terminaison des fibres marquées T doivent avoir une puissance réfléchie élevée Trois types de dispositifs de terminaison sont recommandés:
– l’application d’un produit adaptateur d’indice sur l’extrémité de la fibre;
– affaiblissement dans la fibre, par exemple avec un mandrin de serrage.
Dispositifs d’acquisition/enregistrement/traitement des données
This device collects the transmitted power when the SOP is scanned, performs calculations, and generates result reports at the end of the test A computerized system can be utilized for data acquisition and analysis.
Précautions
4.1.1 L’appareillage et les dispositions nécessaires pour effectuer ces mesures doivent répondre à toutes les prescriptions spécifiées dans les paragraphes 3.1 à 3.9 et dans la spécification particulière.
The characteristics of PA, BD, DUT, and D are all dependent on the wavelength of the source, making it crucial to monitor both the wavelength and other attributes of the source.
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This method involves a device or mechanical fixture designed for the temporary alignment of two fiber ends, ensuring a reproducible and low-loss joint that is independent of polarization Following the use of a polarization adjuster, a fusion splice is typically employed, as mechanical splices can be sensitive to polarization if the endfaces are not aligned perpendicularly to the fiber axis The stability of this temporary joint must meet the necessary precision requirements for accurate measurements.
This is a selected fibre used for measurement purposes It is to be of the same type and similar length to that used on the DUT.
The detector shall be compatible with the optical source and the DUT A detector(s) shall be used which has sufficient dynamic range to make the measurement.
The detectors must maintain linearity within 2% across the anticipated range of optical power levels They should possess an adequate active area and be positioned close enough to the output to effectively capture all light emitted from the output fiber of the device being tested.
The detector must have a resolution exceeding 0.05 dB, and it is essential to maintain the power density at the detector at least 10 dB below its saturation level to ensure optimal performance.
The detectors must be designed to be polarization insensitive to ensure measurement accuracy If necessary, a depolarizer can be implemented between the device under test and the detector to enhance precision.
Fibre terminations marked T shall have a high return loss Three types of terminations are suggested:
– the application of an index match material to the fibre end;
– attenuation in the fibre, for example with a mandrel wrap.
3.9 Data read-out/recording/processing devices
This device enables the collection of transmitted power during the scanning of the SOP, allowing for calculations to be performed and results to be reported at the conclusion of the test A computer-based system can be utilized to carry out the data acquisition and analysis functions effectively.
4.1.1 The apparatus and arrangement necessary to make these measurements shall meet all of the requirements specified in 3.1 to 3.9 and in the detail specification.
The characteristics of the PA, BD, DUT, and D are dependent on the source's wavelength, making it crucial to ensure the proper wavelength and other source characteristics.
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The termination device is crucial for measurement accuracy Procedures should be implemented to reduce the reflected power from detectors and temporary connections to an acceptable level, as outlined in section 3.8.
Any movement of the fibers or equipment during measurement can impact the state of polarization and lead to measurement errors Therefore, it is essential to ensure that all movement of the fibers or equipment is prevented.
The duct modes must be extracted at the entry and exit ports of each equipment component If this is not done with fiber coating, duct extractors are required.
Voir aussi notes 1 et 2 de 4.3.9.
Méthode A – Tous les états de polarisation
To ensure compliance with the specifications outlined in section 3.4, it is essential to measure the transfer coefficients T23 (from port 2 to port 3), T12, and T14 of the coupling device, as detailed in Annex A of IEC 875-1 The same source used for measuring the influence of polarization on the reflected power of the Device Under Test (DUT) should be utilized for these measurements.
Figure 3 – Dispositif de couplage 2 × 2 insensible à la polarisation (BD)
Configure the measurement setup as shown in Figure 4, using the components specified in paragraphs 3.1 to 3.9 The structure of the PA is illustrated in Figure 1 Ensure that the precautions outlined in section 4.1 are followed during the configuration of the test setup and while conducting the measurements.
4.2.3 Après s’être assuré de la stabilité du montage expérimental, maximiser le signal détecté P 1 en tournant le polariseur linéaire Fixer l’angle de rotation de la lame P.
Rotate the quarter-wave retardation plate Q by 10° or another specified angle increment up to 180°, while measuring P2 as a function of θ and φ, which represent the respective angular orientations of Q and H.
4.2.5 Tourner la lame demi-onde de retardement H de 10° ou d’un autre incrément d’angle spécifié dans la spécification particulière.
4.2.6 Répéter les étapes 4.2.4 et 4.2.5 jusqu’à ce que la lame demi-onde de retardement ait tourné de 180°.
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4.1.3 The terminator is important for the measurement Procedures to reduce the reflected power from the detectors and temporary joints to an acceptable level shall be used as described in 3.8.
Any movement of the fibers or apparatus during measurement can alter the state of polarization, resulting in measurement errors It is crucial to ensure that both the fibers and apparatus remain stationary to maintain accuracy.
Cladding modes must be removed at the entry and exit ports of each apparatus element If the fiber coating does not achieve this, the use of cladding mode strippers is necessary.
See also notes 1 and 2 of 4.3.9.
4.2 Method A – All states of polarization
Measure the transfer coefficients T23 (from port 2 to part 3), T12, and T14 of the branching device, as outlined in annex A of IEC 875-1, to ensure compliance with the requirements specified in section 3.4 The measurements should be taken using the same source employed for assessing the polarization dependence of the return loss of the Device Under Test (DUT).
Figure 3 – 2 × 2 polarization independent branching device (BD)
4.2.2 Configure the measurement set-up as shown in figure 4 with the elements specified in
3.1 to 3.9 The structure of PA is shown in figure 1 The precautions described in 4.1 shall be followed in configuring the test set-up and in performing the measurements.
4.2.3 After ensuring the stability of the test set-up, maximize the detected signal P 1 , by rotating the linear polarizer Fix the rotation angle of the P plate.
4.2.4 Rotate the quarter-wave plate Q by 10° or some other incremental angle specified in the detail specification through 180° while measuring P 2 versus θ and ϕ, the angular orientations of Q and H respectively.
4.2.5 Rotate the half-wave plate H by 10° or some other incremental angle specified in the detail specification.
4.2.6 Repeat steps 4.2.4 and 4.2.5 until the half-wave plate has been rotated through 180°.
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4.2.7 Lire et enregistrer les valeurs détectées de P 2 et P1 aux mêmes valeurs de θ et ϕ.
4.2.8 Sans modifier les réglages ou perturber le dispositif expérimental, couper la fibre en
TJ 3 et retirer le DUT de l’essai.
4.2.9 Insérer la fibre de référence comme indiqué à la figure 5 Lire et enregistrer la puissance détectée P' 2 pour chaque valeur de θ et ϕ.
4.2.10 L’influence de la polarisation sur la puissance réfléchie est calculée comme suit:
Scope and object
This section of IEC 1300 outlines a test to assess how the return loss of a singlemode fibre optic component is influenced by the state of polarization (SOP) of the light Return loss, defined as the absolute value of the decibel ratio of total reflected power to incident power in an optical fibre system, can vary due to the typically indeterminate and time-varying SOP of light Consequently, components with polarization dependence will demonstrate fluctuating return loss within a system.
This procedure can be applied to any singlemode passive component and interconnecting device, including attenuators, isolators, branching devices, switches, connectors, and splices, if applicable.
Normative reference
This normative document outlines provisions that are integral to IEC 1300 At the time of publication, the specified edition was current It is important to note that all normative documents may be revised, and parties involved in agreements related to IEC 1300 should consider using the latest edition of the referenced normative document Additionally, IEC and ISO members keep updated registers of valid International Standards.
IEC 875-1: 1996, Fibre optic branching devices – Part 1: Generic specification
The measurement is made by comparing the optical power incident on the device under test
The Device Under Test (DUT) reflects optical power along the incident path when light with a specific State of Polarization (SOP) is introduced This analysis is conducted across various SOPs, typically involving a pigtailed fiber optic component as the DUT To monitor both the input optical power and the reflected power, a polarization-independent branching device is employed to tap into the respective power levels Automated data acquisition systems are commonly used to streamline the comparison process.
Two methods for measuring the polarization dependence are described.
Method A
Method A identifies the peak polarization sensitivity across various polarization states Light is introduced into the input port of the Device Under Test (DUT), allowing for the adjustment of linear, circular, and elliptical polarization states with varying axes of orientation, while simultaneously monitoring the output power from the ports This process involves fine-tuning to achieve both maximum and minimum power readings.
The Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) can lead to varying return loss levels in the Device Under Test (DUT), with Method A being the preferred choice, especially for devices where the SOP of light transmission is altered.
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Method B allows for the determination of the maximum sensitivity to polarization across the entire range of polarization states of light injected into the device It often underestimates the polarization sensitivity of reflected power from equipment that is insensitive to linearly polarized light In this method, linearly polarized light is injected into the input port of the Device Under Test (DUT), with the linear State of Polarization (SOP) typically rotated by at least 180° while measuring the reflected power If the DUT's input port includes an integrated fiber or launch cable, it must be deployed straight without external constraints such as bending, twisting, undulation, or tension, as these factors can alter the polarization state transmitted through the fiber.
Les appareillages et équipements suivants sont nécessaires pour effectuer cet essai:
A laser source must be utilized that meets the specified spectral characteristics, including wavelength and spectral width, as outlined in the particular specification Unless otherwise stated, the spectral width should be less than 10 nm Additionally, the power of the source must be sufficient to meet the dynamic measurement range requirements when combined with the sensitivity of the detector.
Power must be adjustable or fixed as specified in the particular specification The stability of power and wavelength must be adequate to achieve the desired measurement accuracy throughout the measurement process Unless stated otherwise, the power stability should be around 0.05 dB.
NOTE – ll est possible que les lasers multimodes ne présentent pas la stabilité de polarisation requise pour cette mesure.
This unit features a passive optical system that transmits optical power to the component Measures must be implemented to ensure that higher-order modes are adequately attenuated and that the Device Under Test (DUT) operates in single-mode at the measurement wavelength.
The installation of a fixed or adjustable processor is essential for calibrating the SOP of the incident optical beam for measurement purposes It must be compatible with the measuring component Unless stated otherwise, the light source should be polarized with an extinction ratio of at least 10^{-2} If the source does not meet this polarization level, a polarizer should be employed to maintain the extinction ratio across the entire measurement wavelength range Two types of polarizers are recommended for optimal performance.
The article discusses the need for a reliable method to consistently adjust the SOP of injection across all possible states It emphasizes that the system alignment must be precise to ensure the reproducibility of the injected power for the same polarizer orientation Figure 1 illustrates a PA setup that includes a linear polarizer (P), a half-wave plate (H), and a quarter-wave plate (Q), all mounted on rotation stages within a collimated optical path created by two collimating lenses at the monochromator's output Additionally, it is crucial that all components are compatible with the source wavelength, BD, and the device under test (DUT).
1) Rashleigh, R.C., “Origins and Control of Polarization Effect in Single-Mode Fibre”, Journal of Lightwave
Technology, vol LTI #2, Juin 1983, pp 312-331.
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Method B
Method B assesses the maximum polarization sensitivity of linearly polarized light as it passes through the device under test (DUT) This approach may underestimate the polarization sensitivity of return loss in devices that do not rely on linearly polarized light In this method, linearly polarized light is introduced into the DUT's input port, with the linear state of polarization (SOP) rotated through at least 180° while measuring the reflected power It is crucial that if the DUT has an integral fiber or cable pigtail, it is deployed straight without any external stresses such as bends, twists, kinks, or tension, as these can alter the state of polarization within the fiber.
The following apparatus and equipment are required to perform this test:
Optical source
A laser source must be utilized that meets the specified spectral characteristics, including both wavelength and spectral width Unless otherwise stated, the spectral width should be under 10 nm.
The source power shall be capable of meeting the dynamic range requirements of the measurement when combined with the detector sensitivity.
The power must be adjustable between modulated and unmodulated states as outlined in the detailed specifications To ensure accurate measurements, the source's power and wavelength stability should meet the required standards throughout the measurement process Unless stated otherwise, the power stability should not exceed 0.05 dB.
NOTE – Multimode lasers may not provide sufficient polarization stability required for this measurement.
Excitation unit E
This unit features a passive optical system designed to transmit optical power to the component It includes mechanisms to ensure that higher order modes are adequately attenuated, allowing the Device Under Test (DUT) to operate in single mode at the measurement wavelength.
Polarization adjuster PA
This article discusses a fixture or processor designed to adjust the State of Polarization (SOP) of an incident optical beam for measurement applications It must be compatible with the component being measured, and unless stated otherwise, the light source should achieve a polarization with a minimum extinction ratio of 10^{-2} If the source does not meet this polarization requirement, a polarizer should be employed to ensure the extinction ratio is maintained across the measurement's wavelength range Two recommended types of Polarizers (PA) are suggested for optimal performance.
To ensure reproducible adjustments to the SOP of the launch across all possible states, the system alignment must guarantee consistent launched power for the same polarizer orientation As illustrated in Figure 1, the in-line PA comprises a linear polarizer (P), a half-wave retardation plate (H), and a quarter-wave retardation plate (Q), all mounted on rotation stages within a collimated optical path created by two collimating lenses positioned at the monochromator's output It is essential that all components are compatible with the source wavelength, BD, and DUT.
1) Rashleigh, R.C., "Origins and Control of Polarization Effect in Single-Mode Fiber", Journal of Lightwave
Technology, vol LT1 #2, June 1983, pp 312-331.
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The P plate generates an initially linearly polarized beam with a high extinction ratio, regardless of the initial polarization degree of the light beam The Q plate alters the state of polarization (SOP) of the linearly polarized beam into elliptical or circular polarization The H plate then takes the SOP created by the Q plate and rotates it by any angle in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation, while preserving the degree of polarization.
The three optical blades must be properly aligned within the optical beam, with the rotation angles (e.g., θP, θQ, and θH) adjustable precisely around their common axis These angles should be repeatable and easy to read This combination of elements allows for the generation of any possible SOP Additionally, other methods for adjusting the polarization state are permitted, such as inline fiber polarization controllers or other polarization instruments as specified in the particular specification.
Figure 1 – Exemple de PA pour la méthode A
For method B, the apparatus must enable the injection of linearly polarized light and allow for a reproducible rotation of at least 180° The system alignment must be precise enough to ensure consistent power injection for the same polarizer orientation As illustrated in Figure 2, a linear polarizer (P) and a half-wave plate (H) are mounted on rotation stages and placed within the collimated optical path at the output of the source Other means of reproducibly adjusting the polarization state are permitted, such as inline fiber polarization controllers or other polarization instruments as specified in the particular specification.
Figure 2 – Exemple de PA pour la méthode B
3.4 Dispositif de couplage indépendant de la polarisation BD
This is a precisely mounted or selected 2 × 2 directional coupling device that can be utilized at the optical source wavelength for measurement purposes with known characteristics The directivity of the device must exceed 55 dB Additionally, its power division ratio (SR) from the input port to the two output ports must be specified.
50 ± 2 % à cette longueur d’onde Les caractéristiques du BD doivent être indépendantes de la polarisation Sauf indication contraire, la stabilité de la polarisation doit être de DSR ± 1 % au maximum.
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The P plate generates a linearly polarized beam with a high extinction ratio, independent of the light beam's initial polarization degree Meanwhile, the Q plate modifies the beam to achieve any desired polarization state.
SOP from linearly polarized through elliptical and circularly polarized The H plate takes the
SOP created by the Q plate and rotates it to any angle in the plane which is perpendicular to the direction of the propagation, while maintaining the degree of polarization.
The three plates must be precisely aligned within the optical beam, allowing for accurate adjustments of the rotation angles (θP, θQ, and θH) around their shared axis It is essential that these angles are easily readable and consistently repeatable This configuration of elements enables the exploration of every potential outcome.
SOP can be generated through various methods, including in-line fiber polarization controllers and other specified polarization instrumentation, ensuring reproducible adjustments to the state of polarization.
Figure 1 – PA example for method A
Method B requires the PA to enable the reproducible launch of linearly polarized light, allowing for rotation through at least 180° The system's alignment must ensure consistent power output for the same polarizer orientation As illustrated in figure 2, a linear polarizer (P) and a half-wave retardation plate (H) are mounted on rotation stages within the collimated optical path from the source Additionally, other methods for adjusting the state of polarization, such as in-line fiber polarization controllers or specified polarization instrumentation, are acceptable.
Figure 2 – PA example for method B
Polarization independent branching device BD
This article discusses a highly specialized 2 × 2 directional branching device designed for measurement applications at the optical source's wavelength It features a directivity exceeding 55 dB and a splitting ratio (SR) of 50 ± 2% for transferring power from the input port to the two output ports.
The characteristics of the BD shall be polarization independent Unless otherwise specified, the polarization stability shall be DSR ± 1 % maximum.
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A method, device, or fixed mechanical installation is used for the temporary alignment of two fiber ends in a reproducible connection with low attenuation and polarization-insensitive coupling Typically, a fusion splice is employed after the polarization adjuster, as mechanical splices may exhibit sensitivity to polarization if the end faces are not perpendicular to the fiber axis The stability of the temporary connection must align with the required measurement precision.
Fibre sélectionnée utilisée à des fins de mesure Elle doit être du même type que celle utilisée sur le DUT et de la longueur similaire.
Le détecteur doit être compatible avec la source optique et le DUT Le ou les détecteurs utilisés doivent avoir une gamme dynamique suffisante pour effectuer les mesures.
Detectors must maintain a linearity deviation of no more than 2% across the expected optical power range and should have a sufficiently large detection area They need to be positioned close to the output to capture all transmitted light from the fiber of the tested component Additionally, the detector's resolution should exceed 0.05 dB, and precautions must be taken to ensure that the power density reaching the detector remains at least 10 dB below the detector's saturation level.
The detectors must be sufficiently insensitive to polarization to maintain measurement accuracy If needed, a depolarizer can be used after the test device and before the detector to achieve the required precision.
Les dispositifs de terminaison des fibres marquées T doivent avoir une puissance réfléchie élevée Trois types de dispositifs de terminaison sont recommandés:
– l’application d’un produit adaptateur d’indice sur l’extrémité de la fibre;
– affaiblissement dans la fibre, par exemple avec un mandrin de serrage.
3.9 Dispositifs d’acquisition/enregistrement/traitement des données
This device collects the transmitted power when the SOP is scanned, performs calculations, and generates result reports at the end of the test A computerized system can be utilized for data acquisition and analysis.
4.1.1 L’appareillage et les dispositions nécessaires pour effectuer ces mesures doivent répondre à toutes les prescriptions spécifiées dans les paragraphes 3.1 à 3.9 et dans la spécification particulière.
The characteristics of PA, BD, DUT, and D are all dependent on the wavelength of the source, making it crucial to monitor both the wavelength and other attributes of the source.
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Temporary joint TJ
This method involves a device or mechanical fixture designed for the temporary alignment of two fiber ends, ensuring a reproducible and low-loss joint that is independent of polarization Following the use of a polarization adjuster, a fusion splice is typically employed, as mechanical splices can be sensitive to polarization if the endfaces are not aligned perpendicularly to the fiber axis The stability of this temporary joint must meet the necessary precision requirements for accurate measurements.
Detector
The detector shall be compatible with the optical source and the DUT A detector(s) shall be used which has sufficient dynamic range to make the measurement.
The detectors must maintain linearity within 2% across the anticipated range of optical power levels They should possess an adequate active area and be positioned close enough to the output to effectively capture all light emitted from the device's output fiber.
The detector must have a resolution exceeding 0.05 dB, and it is essential to maintain the power density at the detector at least 10 dB below its saturation level to ensure optimal performance.
The detectors must be designed to be polarization insensitive to ensure measurement accuracy If necessary, a depolarizer can be utilized between the device under test and the detector to maintain the desired level of precision.
Terminator T
Fibre terminations marked T shall have a high return loss Three types of terminations are suggested:
– the application of an index match material to the fibre end;
– attenuation in the fibre, for example with a mandrel wrap.
Data read-out/recording/processing devices
This device enables the collection of transmitted power during the scanning of the SOP, allowing for calculations to be performed and results to be reported at the conclusion of the test A computer-based system can be utilized to carry out the data acquisition and analysis functions effectively.
Precautions
4.1.1 The apparatus and arrangement necessary to make these measurements shall meet all of the requirements specified in 3.1 to 3.9 and in the detail specification.
The characteristics of the PA, BD, DUT, and D are dependent on the wavelength of the source, making it crucial to ensure the proper wavelength and other source characteristics.
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The termination device is crucial for measurement accuracy Procedures should be implemented to reduce the reflected power from detectors and temporary connections to an acceptable level, as outlined in section 3.8.
Any movement of the fibers or equipment during measurement can impact the state of polarization and lead to measurement errors Therefore, it is essential to ensure that all movement of the fibers or equipment is prevented.
The duct modes must be extracted at the entry and exit ports of each equipment component If this is not done with fiber coating, duct extractors are required.
Voir aussi notes 1 et 2 de 4.3.9.
4.2 Méthode A – Tous les états de polarisation
To measure the transfer coefficients T23 (from port 2 to port 3), T12, and T14 of the coupling device, refer to Annex A of IEC 875-1 to ensure that the BD complies with the specifications outlined in section 3.4 (see Figure 3) The source used for these measurements must be the same as that used for assessing the impact of polarization on the reflected power of the DUT.
Figure 3 – Dispositif de couplage 2 × 2 insensible à la polarisation (BD)
Configure the measurement setup as shown in Figure 4, using the components specified in paragraphs 3.1 to 3.9 The structure of the PA is illustrated in Figure 1 Ensure that the precautions outlined in section 4.1 are followed during the configuration of the test setup and while conducting the measurements.
4.2.3 Après s’être assuré de la stabilité du montage expérimental, maximiser le signal détecté P 1 en tournant le polariseur linéaire Fixer l’angle de rotation de la lame P.
Rotate the quarter-wave retardation plate Q by 10° or another specified angle increment up to 180°, while measuring P2 as a function of θ and φ, which are the respective angular orientations of Q and H.
4.2.5 Tourner la lame demi-onde de retardement H de 10° ou d’un autre incrément d’angle spécifié dans la spécification particulière.
4.2.6 Répéter les étapes 4.2.4 et 4.2.5 jusqu’à ce que la lame demi-onde de retardement ait tourné de 180°.
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4.1.3 The terminator is important for the measurement Procedures to reduce the reflected power from the detectors and temporary joints to an acceptable level shall be used as described in 3.8.
Movement of the fibers or apparatus during measurement can alter the state of polarization, resulting in measurement errors It is crucial to prevent any movement of these components to ensure accurate results.
Cladding modes must be removed at the entry and exit ports of each apparatus element If the fiber coating does not achieve this, the use of cladding mode strippers is necessary.
See also notes 1 and 2 of 4.3.9.
Method A – All states of polarization
Measure the transfer coefficients T23 (from port 2 to port 3), T12, and T14 of the branching device, as outlined in annex A of IEC 875-1, to ensure compliance with the requirements specified in section 3.4 The measurements should be conducted using the same source as that used for assessing the polarization dependence of the return loss of the Device Under Test (DUT).
Figure 3 – 2 × 2 polarization independent branching device (BD)
4.2.2 Configure the measurement set-up as shown in figure 4 with the elements specified in
3.1 to 3.9 The structure of PA is shown in figure 1 The precautions described in 4.1 shall be followed in configuring the test set-up and in performing the measurements.
4.2.3 After ensuring the stability of the test set-up, maximize the detected signal P 1 , by rotating the linear polarizer Fix the rotation angle of the P plate.
4.2.4 Rotate the quarter-wave plate Q by 10° or some other incremental angle specified in the detail specification through 180° while measuring P 2 versus θ and ϕ, the angular orientations of Q and H respectively.
4.2.5 Rotate the half-wave plate H by 10° or some other incremental angle specified in the detail specification.
4.2.6 Repeat steps 4.2.4 and 4.2.5 until the half-wave plate has been rotated through 180°.
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4.2.7 Lire et enregistrer les valeurs détectées de P 2 et P1 aux mêmes valeurs de θ et ϕ.
4.2.8 Sans modifier les réglages ou perturber le dispositif expérimental, couper la fibre en
TJ 3 et retirer le DUT de l’essai.
4.2.9 Insérer la fibre de référence comme indiqué à la figure 5 Lire et enregistrer la puissance détectée P' 2 pour chaque valeur de θ et ϕ.
4.2.10 L’influence de la polarisation sur la puissance réfléchie est calculée comme suit:
4.3.2 Configurer le montage de mesure comme indiqué à la figure 4 avec les éléments spécifiés dans les paragraphes 3.1 à 3.9 La structure du PA est illustrée sur la figure 2.
The precautions outlined in section 4.1 must be followed for setting up the test assembly and conducting measurements The launch fiber should be deployed in a straight-line configuration The length of fiber between the injection point and the Device Under Test (DUT) must be less than 1/8 of the fiber's interference length to ensure that the linear polarization state is preserved at the DUT If the interference length is unknown, the fiber length should be less than 3 meters.
4.3.3 Après s’être assuré de la stabilité du montage d’essai, maximiser le signal détecté, P 1 , en tournant le polariseur linéaire Fixer l’angle de rotation de la lame P.
The detected power, P2(ϕ), is recorded while the linear polarization state is rotated by 180°, where ϕ represents the angular orientation of the polarization state The incremental angular adjustment must be selected to ensure that the prescribed precision for determining the minimum and maximum transmitted power is achieved.
The input fiber must remain undisturbed throughout the measurement procedure to ensure that the polarization state injected into the Device Under Test (DUT) is not altered.
4.3.6 Sans modifier ou perturber le dispositif expérimental, couper la fibre en TJ 3 et retirer le
4.3.7 Insérer la fibre de référence comme indiqué à la figure 5 Lire et enregistrer la puissance détectée P' 2 (θ) et P'1(θ).
4.3.8 Enregistrer les valeurs minimale et maximale du rapport P 2 /P 1 Ces valeurs maximale et minimale du rapport sont toutes deux déterminées avec P 2 et P1 aux mêmes valeurs de ϕ.
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4.2.7 Read and record the detected values of P 2 and P1 at the same values of θ and ϕ.
4.2.8 Without adjusting or disturbing the test arrangement, cut the fibre at TJ 3 and remove the DUT from the test.
4.2.9 Insert the reference fibre as shown in figure 5 Read and record the detected power P' 2 for each value of θ and ϕ.
4.2.10 The polarization dependence of return loss is calculated as follows:
Method B – Linear polarization only
4.3.2 Configure the measurement set-up as shown in figure 4 with the elements specified in
The structure of the PA is illustrated in Figure 2 It is essential to adhere to the precautions outlined in section 4.1 when setting up the test configuration and conducting measurements All launch fiber must be arranged in a straight line To maintain the linear polarization state at the Device Under Test (DUT), the fiber length between the launch and the DUT should be less than 1/8 of the fiber beat length; if this value is unknown, the length must not exceed 3 meters.
4.3.3 After ensuring the stability of the test set-up, maximize the detected signal, P 1 , by rotating the linear polarizer Fix the rotation angle of the P plate.
The detected power, denoted as \$P_2(\phi)\$, is measured as the linear state of polarization rotates through 180° Here, \$\phi\$ represents the angular orientation of the polarization state To achieve the necessary accuracy in determining the maximum and minimum transmitted power, the incremental angular adjustments must be carefully selected.
4.3.5 The input fibre shall not be disturbed for the duration of the measurement procedure to ensure that the state of polarization launched into the DUT is not altered.
4.3.6 Without adjusting or disturbing the test arrangement, cut the fibre at TJ 3 and remove the DUT from the test.
4.3.7 Insert the reference fibre as shown in figure 5 Read and record the detected power
4.3.8 Record the maximum and minimum values of the ratio P 2 /P 1 These maximum and minimum values of the ratio are each determined with P 2 and P1 at the same values of ϕ.
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4.3.9 L’influence de la polarisation sur la puissance réfléchie est calculée comme suit:
1 La formule est valable si le rapport de division de BD T 12 est égal à T 14 , c’est-à-dire que la puissance P 1 est égale à la puissance, PD, qui est injectée dans le DUT.
2 On suppose que la puissance réfléchie du montage d’essai est indépendante de la polarisation et est beaucoup plus élevée que celle du DUT.
Les détails suivants doivent, le cas échéant, être spécifiés dans la spécification particulière:
– Longueur d’onde de crête et largeur spectrale de la source
– Description du régleur de polarisation
– Angle d’ajustement incrémentiel de la lame demi-onde
– Description du dispositif de couplage indépendant de la polarisation utilisé
– Description de la fibre de référence
– Ecarts par rapport à la procédure d’essai.
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4.3.9 The polarization dependence of return loss is calculated as follows:
1 The formula is effective provided that the splitting ratio of BD T 12 is equal to T 14 , i.e power P 1 equals the power PD, that is launched into the DUT.
2 It is assumed that the return loss of the test set-up is polarization independent and is much higher than that of the DUT.
The following details, as applicable, shall be specified in the detail specification:
– Source peak wavelength and spectral width
– Incremental adjustment angle of the half-wave plate
– Description of polarization independent branching device used
– Description of the reference fibre
– Any deviations from the test procedure.
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Méthodes de mesure des dimensions.
793-1-3 (1995) Partie 1: Spécification générique – Section 3: Méthodes de mesure des caractéristiques mécaniques.
Méthodes de mesure des caractéristiques optiques et de transmission.
Méthodes de mesure des caractéristiques d'environnement.
794-2 (1989) Deuxième partie: Spécifications de produit.
794-3 (1994) Partie 3: Câbles de télécommunication – Spéci- fication intermédiaire.
874-0 (1988) Connecteurs pour fibres et câbles optiques Partie zéro: Guide pour l'élaboration des spécifications intermédiaires.
874-2 (1993) Partie 2: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type F-SMA.
874-3 (1993) Partie 3: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type CFO3.
874-4 (1993) Partie 4: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type CFO4.
874-5 (1993) Partie 5: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type BAM.
874-6 (1993) Partie 6: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type LSA.
874-7 (1993) Partie 7: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type FC.
874-8 (1993) Partie 8: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type D.
874-9 (1993) Partie 9: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques de type OF-2.
874-10 (1992) Partie 10: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type BFOC/2,5.
874-11 (1993) Partie 11: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type OCCA-PC.
874-12 (1993) Partie 12: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type OCCA-BU.
874-13 (1993) Partie 13: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type CFO8.
874-14 (1993) Partie 14: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type SC.
793-1-1 (1995) Part 1: Generic specification – Section 1: General.
793-1-2 (1995) Part 1: Generic specification – Section 2: Measuring methods for dimensions.
793-1-3 (1995) Part 1: Generic specification – Section 3: Measuring methods for mechanical characteristics.
793-1-4 (1995) Part 1: Generic specification – Section 4: Measuring methods for transmission and optical characteristics.
793-1-5 (1995) Part 1: Generic specification – Section 5: Measuring methods for environmental characteristics.
794-3 (1994) Part 3: Telecommunication cables – Sectional specification.
874-0 (1988) Connectors for optical fibres and cables Part 0:
Guide for the construction of sectional speci- fications.
874-1-1 (1994) Part 1-1: Blank detail specification – Environmental categories.
874-2 (1993) Part 2: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type F-SMA.
874-3 (1993) Part 3: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type CFO3.
874-4 (1993) Part 4: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type CFO4.
874-5 (1993) Part 5: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type BAM.
874-6 (1993) Part 6: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type LSA.
874-7 (1993) Part 7: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type FC.
874-8 (1993) Part 8: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type D.
874-9 (1993) Part 9: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type OF-2.
874-10 (1992) Part 10: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type BFOC/2,5.
874-11 (1993) Part 11: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type OCCA-PC.
874-12 (1993) Part 12: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type OCCA-BU.
874-13 (1993) Part 13: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type CFO8.
874-14 (1993) Part 14: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type SC.
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874-15 (1994) Partie 15: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type DS.
874-16 (1994) Partie 16: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type MT.
874-17 (1995) Partie 17: Spécification intermédiaire pour connecteur pour fibres optiques – Type F-05
874-19 (1995) Partie 19: Spécification intermédiaire pour connec- teur pour fibres optiques – Type SC-D(uplex).
875:— Dispositifs de couplage pour fibres optiques.
875-2 (1992) Partie 2: Spécification intermédiaire: Dispositifs de couplage ne dépendant pas de la longueur d'onde.
875-3 (1992) Partie 3: Spécification intermédiaire: Dispositifs de couplage dépendant de la longueur d'onde.
1073: — Epissures pour câbles et fibres optiques.
1073-1 (1994) Partie 1: Spécification générique – Matériel de montage et accessoires.
1073-2 (1993) Partie 2: Spécification intermédiaire de répartiteurs et boợtiers pour fibres et cõbles optiques.
1073-3 (1993) Partie 3: Spécification intermédiaire – Epissures par fusion pour fibres et câbles optiques.
1073-4 (1994) Partie 4: Spécification intermédiaire – Epissures mécaniques pour fibres et câbles optiques.
1218 (1993) Fibres optiques – Guide de sécurité.
1269: — Jeux d'embouts pour fibres optiques.
1300:— Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs à fibres optiques – Méthodes fondamentales d'essais et de mesures.
1300-2-2 (1995) Partie 2-2: Essais – Durabilité de l'accouplement.
1300-2-3 (1995) Partie 2-3: Essais – Charge statique de cisaillement.
1300-2-4 (1995) Partie 2-4: Essais – Rétention de la fibre ou du câble.
1300-2-6 (1995) Partie 2-6: Essais – Résistance à la traction du mécanisme de verrouillage.
1300-2-7 (1995) Partie 2-7: Essais – Moment de flexion.
1300-2-10 (1995) Partie 2-10: Essais – Résistance à la compression.
874-15 (1994) Part 15: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type DS.
874-16 (1994) Part 16: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type MT.
874-17 (1995) Part 17: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type F-05 (friction lock).
874-19 (1995) Part 19: Sectional specification for fibre optic connector – Type SC-D(uplex).
875-2 (1992) Part 2: Sectional specification: Non-wavelength selective branching device.
875-3 (1992) Part 3: Sectional specification: Wavelength selective branching devices.
1073: — Splices for optical fibres and cables.
1073-1 (1994) Part 1: Generic specification – Hardware and accessories.
1073-2 (1993) Part 2: Sectional specification for splice organizer and closures for optical fibres and cables.
1073-3 (1993) Part 3: Sectional specification – Fusion splices for optical fibres and cables.
1073-4 (1994) Part 4: Sectional specification – Mechanical splices for optical fibres and cables.
1300:— Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components –
Basic test and measurement procedures.
1300-2-3 (1995) Part 2-3: Tests – Static shear load.
1300-2-4 (1995) Part 2-4: Tests – Fibre/cable retention.
1300-2-6 (1995) Part 2-6: Tests – Tensile strength of coupling mechanism.
LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.
61300-2-14 (1997) Partie 2-14: Essais – Puissance d’entrée maximale.
1300-2-15 (1995) Partie 2-15: Essais – Robustesse du mécanisme de verrouillage aux efforts de torsion.
1300-2-18 (1995) Partie 2-18: Essais – Chaleur sèche – Résistance à haute température.
1300-2-19 (1995) Partie 2-19: Essais – Chaleur humide (essai continu).
1300-2-21 (1995) Partie 2-21: Essais – Essai cyclique composite de température et d'humidité.
1300-2-22 (1995) Partie 2-22: Essais – Variations de température.
1300-2-23 (1995) Partie 2-23: Essais – Etanchộitộ pour les boợtiers non pressurisés de dispositifs à fibres optiques.
1300-2-25 (1995) Partie 2-25: Essais – Résistance de l'étanchéité pour les boợtiers.
1300-2-27 (1995) Partie 2-27: Essais – Poussière – Ecoulement laminaire.
1300-2-29 (1995) Partie 2-29: Essais – Basse pression atmosphérique.
1300-2-32 (1995) Partie 2-32: Essais – Résistance à la vapeur d'eau.
1300-2-33 (1995) Partie 2-33: Essais – Montage et démontage des boợtiers.
1300-2-34 (1995) Partie 2-34: Essais – Résistance aux solvants et aux fluides contaminants.
1300-2-35 (1995) Partie 2-35: Essais – Rotation du câble.
1300-2-36 (1995) Partie 2-36: Essais – Inflammabilité (risques d'incendie).
1300-2-37 (1995) Partie 2-37: Essais – Efforts de flexion sur le câble pour les boợtiers.
1300-2-38 (1995) Partie 2-38: Essais – Etanchộitộ pour les boợtiers pressurisés de dispositifs à fibres optiques.
61300-2-39 (1997) Partie 2-39: Essais – Sensibilité aux champs magnétiques externes.
1300-3-1 (1995) Partie 3-1: Examens et mesures – Examen visuel
1300-3-2 (1995) Partie 3-2: Examens et mesures – Dépendance de la polarisation d'un dispositif pour fibres optiques monomodes.
61300-3-3 (1997) Partie 3-3: Examens et mesures – Contrôle de la variation de l’affaiblissement et de la puissance réfléchie (voies multiples).
1300-3-8 (1995) Partie 3-8: Examens et mesures – Immunité à l'éclairement extérieur.
1300-3-10 (1995) Partie 3-10: Examens et mesures – Force de rétention du calibre.
1300-3-11 (1995) Partie 3-11: Examens et mesures – Force d'accou- plement et de désaccouplement.
61300-3-12 (1997) Partie 3-12: Sensibilité à la polarisation de l’affaiblissement d’un composant à fibres optiques monomodes: Méthode de calcul matriciel.
1300-3-13 (1995) Partie 3-13: Examens et mesures – Stabilité de contrôle d'un interrupteur pour fibres optiques.
1300-3-14 (1995) Partie 3-14: Examens et mesures – Précision et ré- pétabilité des positions d'affaiblissement d'un atté- nuateur variable.
61300-2-14 (1997) Part 2-14: Tests – Maximum input power.
1300-2-15 (1995) Part 2-15: Tests – Torque strength of coupling mechanism.
1300-2-18 (1995) Part 2-18: Tests – Dry heat – High temperature endurance.
1300-2-19 (1995) Part 2-19: Tests – Damp heat (steady state).
1300-2-21 (1995) Part 2-21: Tests – Composite temperature-humidity composite test.
1300-2-22 (1995) Part 2-22: Tests – Change of temperature.
1300-2-23 (1995) Part 2-23: Tests – Sealing for non-pressurized closures of fibre optic devices.
1300-2-25 (1995) Part 2-25: Tests – Sealing endurance for closures.
1300-2-27 (1995) Part 2-27: Tests – Dust – Laminar flow.
1300-2-28 (1995) Part 2-28: Tests – Industrial atmosphere (sulphur di-oxide).
1300-2-29 (1995) Part 2-29: Tests – Low air pressure.
1300-2-32 (1995) Part 2-32: Tests – Water vapour permeation.
1300-2-33 (1995) Part 2-33: Tests – Assembly and disassembly of closures.
1300-2-34 (1995) Part 2-34: Tests – Resistance to solvents and contaminating fluids.
1300-2-36 (1995) Part 2-36: Tests – Flammability (fire hazard).
1300-2-37 (1995) Part 2-37: Tests – Cable bending for closures.
1300-2-38 (1995) Part 2-38: Tests – Sealing for pressurized closures of fibre optic devices.
61300-2-39 (1997) Part 2-39: Tests – Susceptibility to external magnetic fields.
1300-3-1 (1995) Part 3-1: Examinations and measurements – Visual examination.
Polarization dependence of a single-mode fibre optic device.
Monitoring change in attenuation and in return loss (multiple paths).
61300-3-12 (1997) Part 3-12: Polarization dependence of attenuation of a single-mode fibre optic component: Matrix calculation method.
Control stability of a fibre optic switch.
Accuracy and repeatability of the attenuation setting of a variable attenuator.
LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.
1300-3-15 (1995) Partie 3-15: Mesures – Excentricité de la face terminale d'un embout poli convexe.
1300-3-16 (1995) Partie 3-16: Examens et mesures – Rayon de la face terminale des embouts polis sphériquement.
1300-3-17 (1995) Partie 3-17: Examens et mesures – Angle de la face terminale des embouts polis angulairement.
1300-3-18 (1995) Examens et mesures – Précision de clavetage d'un connecteur à face terminale angulaire.
61300-3-19 (1997) Partie 3-19: Influence de la polarisation sur la puissance réfléchie d’un composant à fibres optiques monomodes.
61300-3-22 (1997) Partie 3-22: Force de compression des embouts.
61300-3-25 (1997) Partie 3-25: Concentricité des embouts et des embouts avec fibre.
61300-3-26 (1997) Partie 3-26: Mesure de l’erreur d’alignement angulaire des embouts avec fibre.
1313:— Ensembles de câbles et composants passifs à fibres optiques.
1313-1 (1995) Partie 1: Spécification générique: Agrément de savoir-faire.
1314:— Systèmes d'éclatement pour fibres et câbles optiques.
1314-1-1 (1996) Partie 1-1: Spécification particulière-cadre – Caté- gories d’environnement 1, 2, 3, 5 et 99
1315:— Etalonnage des radiomètres pour sources fibrées.
1754:— Interfaces de connecteurs pour fibres optiques.
1754-2 (1996) Partie 2: Famille de connecteurs de type
1754-3 (1996) (Publiée en langue anglaise uniquement)
61754-4 (1997) Partie 4: Famille de connecteurs du type SC.
1754-5 (1996) (Publiée en langue anglaise uniquement)
1754-7 (1996) (Publiée en langue anglaise uniquement)
1754-8 (1996) Partie 8: Famille de connecteurs de type CF08.
1754-9 (1996) (Publiée en langue anglaise uniquement)
1300-3-15 (1995) Part 3-15: Measurements – Eccentricity of a convex polished ferrule endface.
Endface radius of spherically polished ferrules.
Endface angle of angle polished ferrules.
Keying accuracy of an angled endface connector.
61300-3-19 (1997) Part 3-19: Polarization dependence of return loss of a single-mode fibre optic component.
61300-3-25 (1997) Part 3-25: Concentricity of the ferrules and ferrules with fibre installed.
61300-3-26 (1997) Part 3-26: Mesurement of the angular misalignment between fibre and ferrules axes.
1313:— Fibre optic passive components and cable assemblies.
1313-1 (1995) Part 1: Generic specification: Capability approval.
Environmental categories 1, 2, 3, 5 and 99 1315:— Calibration of fibre optic power meters.
1754-2 (1996) Part 2: Type BFOC/2,5 connector family.
1754-3 (1996) Part 3: Type LSA connector family.
61754-4 (1997) Part 4: Type SC connector family.
1754-5 (1996) Part 5: Type MT connector family.
1754-7 (1996) Part 7: Type MPO connector family.
1754-8 (1996) Part 8: Type CF08 connector family.
1754-9 (1996) Part 9: Type DS connector family.
LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.