NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 60695 11 5 Première édition First edition 2004 12 Essais relatifs aux risques du feu – Partie 11 5 Flammes d''''essai – Méthode d''''essai au brûleur aigu[.]
Brûleur
The test flame burner must consist of a tube that is at least 35 mm long, with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm ± 0.1 mm and an outer diameter not exceeding 0.9 mm.
The tube specified in ISO 9626 [1] meets the standard requirements with a normal or thin wall thickness of 0.8 mm, featuring an inner diameter of 0.5 mm ± 0.1 mm and an outer diameter not exceeding 0.9 mm.
Le brûleur est alimenté avec du gaz butane ou propane ayant une pureté d'au moins 95 %
De l'air ne doit pas être admis dans le tube du brûleur.
Flamme
With the burner axis in a vertical position, the gas supply is adjusted to achieve a flame length of 12 mm ± 1 mm, observed under dim light against a black background (see Figure 1a) The flame must be verified using the equipment and method outlined in Appendix A The testing duration for the temperature to transition from 100 °C ± 5 °C is crucial for accurate measurements.
Hotte de laboratoire/enceinte
The laboratory hood or enclosure must have a minimum internal volume of 0.5 m³ It should provide a draft-free environment while allowing normal air circulation around the sample The enclosure must enable observation of ongoing tests, and the interior surfaces should be dark in color.
2 Les chiffres entre crochets renvoient à la bibliographie
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4 General description of the test
Precautions shall be taken to safeguard the health of the personnel conducting tests against:
– the risks of explosion or fire;
– the inhalation of smoke and/or toxic products;
The test is conducted to ensure that the test flame does not ignite any components under specified conditions If a combustible part does ignite, it must have a restricted burning duration and limited extent, preventing the spread of fire through flames or falling glowing particles from the test specimen.
This test evaluates the impact of a small flame on the test specimen, simulating potential ignition from other components The relevant product specifications will outline the duration of flame exposure and the acceptance criteria.
5 Description of the test apparatus
The burner to produce the test flame shall consist of a tube at least 35 mm long with a bore of
0,5 mm ± 0,1 mm and an outer diameter not exceeding 0,9 mm
The tubing outlined in ISO 9626 (0.8 mm normal or thin walled) satisfies the standard's criteria, featuring an internal diameter of 0.5 mm ± 0.1 mm and an external diameter not exceeding 0.9 mm.
The burner is supplied with butane or propane gas having a purity of at least 95 % There shall be no air admitted to the burner tube
Adjust the gas supply to achieve a flame length of 12 mm ± 1 mm, ensuring the burner is positioned vertically and observed in subdued light against a dark background.
Figure 1a) The flame shall be confirmed using the apparatus and procedure detailed in Annex
A The test time for the temperature to increase from 100 °C ± 5 °C to 700 °C ± 3 °C shall be
The laboratory fume hood or chamber must have a minimum internal volume of 0.5 m³, ensuring a draught-free environment that allows for normal thermal air circulation around the test specimen Additionally, the design of the chamber should facilitate observation of the ongoing test.
The inside surfaces of the walls shall be of a dark colour
2 Figures in square brackets refer to the bliography
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For safety and convenience, it is advisable for this fully enclosed space to be equipped with an extraction system, such as a fan, to remove potentially toxic combustion products The extraction system should be turned off during testing and restarted immediately after timing A backdraft damper may be required.
NOTE Il a été jugé utile de placer un miroir dans l'enceinte pour avoir une vue arrière de l’éprouvette.
Couche spécifiée
To assess the potential for fire spread, such as from burning or glowing particles falling from the test tube, a layer of material or components is placed beneath the test tube This layer is positioned at a distance equal to that between the test tube and adjacent materials or components when the test tube is installed in its normal usage.
If the test specimen is a subset or component of the material and is tested separately, a flat, smooth wooden panel approximately 10 mm thick, covered with a single layer of muslin paper, is positioned at a distance of 200 mm ± 5 mm below the location where the flame is applied to the specimen, unless otherwise specified in the particular specification The muslin paper, as specified in 4.215 of ISO 4046-4, is a soft, durable, and thin paper with a grammage ranging from 12 g/m² to 30 g/m².
Si l'éprouvette est un matériel complet auto-portant, elle est placée dans sa position normale d'utilisation sur un panneau en bois recouvert de papier mousseline dépassant d'au moins
100 mm la base du matériel dans toutes les directions
Si l'éprouvette est un matériel mural complet, elle est fixée dans sa position normale d'utilisation à 200 mm ± 5 mm au-dessus du panneau en bois recouvert de papier mousseline
Des dispositifs pour maintenir l'éprouvette et le brûleur en place peuvent être nécessaires.
Dispositif de chronométrage
Le dispositif de chronométrage doit avoir une résolution n’excédant pas 0,5 s
Si possible, l'éprouvette doit être un matériel, un sous-ensemble ou un composant complet
When removing parts of an envelope or cutting an appropriate section for testing, it is crucial to ensure that the testing conditions remain similar to normal operating conditions This includes maintaining the shape, ventilation, and accounting for thermal stresses, potential flames, and the risk of burning or glowing particles falling near the test specimen.
When using a test specimen cut from a larger material, it is crucial to avoid incorrect application of the test flame, particularly on edges created during the cutting process.
S'il n'est pas possible d'effectuer l'essai sur un sous-ensemble ou un composant lorsqu'il est à l'intérieur du matériel, l'essai est effectué sur une éprouvette prélevée sur le matériel
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For enhanced safety and convenience, the enclosure should be equipped with an exhaust fan to eliminate potentially toxic combustion products The extraction device must remain off during testing and activated immediately after timing measurements are completed Additionally, a positive closing damper may be required.
NOTE Placing a mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of the test specimen, has been found to be useful
To assess the potential for fire spread due to burning or glowing particles from the test specimen, a layer of material or components is positioned beneath the specimen This layer is placed at a distance that matches the typical spacing between the test specimen and the surrounding materials during normal usage.
When testing a sub-assembly or component separately, position a flat, smooth wooden board approximately 10 mm thick, covered with a single layer of wrapping tissue, 200 mm ± 5 mm below the needle-flame application point on the test specimen, unless specified otherwise The wrapping tissue, as defined in ISO 4046-4, should be a lightweight, soft, and strong material with a weight of 12 g/m² to 30 g/m².
When testing a complete free-standing equipment specimen, it should be positioned in its normal usage orientation on a tissue-covered wooden board, ensuring that it extends at least 100 mm beyond the base of the equipment in all directions.
If the test specimen is a complete wall-mounted equipment, it is fixed in its normal position of use 200 mm ± 5 mm above the tissue covered wooden board
Means to fix the test specimen and the burner in position may be necessary
The timing device shall have a tolerance of not more than 0,5 s
For testing, the specimen should ideally be a complete piece of equipment, sub-assembly, or component If modifications are required, such as removing parts of an enclosure, it is crucial to maintain test conditions that closely resemble normal usage This includes considerations for shape, ventilation, thermal stress effects, and the potential presence of flames or burning particles near the test specimen.
When testing a specimen cut from a larger unit, it is crucial to apply the test flame correctly, avoiding edges created by the cutting process.
If it is not possible to conduct the test on a sub-assembly or component within the equipment, the test is conducted on a test specimen removed from the equipment
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Les valeurs préférentielles de la durée d'application (t a ) de la flamme d'essai sont les suivantes:
La tolérance pour toutes les valeurs est de
NOTE Il convient que la durée d'application de la flamme d'essai soit choisie en fonction des caractéristiques du produit final
Unless otherwise specified, the test specimen, wooden panel, and muslin paper must be kept for at least 24 hours in an environment with a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity of 45%.
Position de l'éprouvette
Unless otherwise specified, the test specimen should be positioned in a normal usage orientation to facilitate ignition during the test The specimen's fixation devices must not influence the test flame's effect or flame propagation, except as they would under normal usage conditions.
Application du brûleur-aiguille
The test flame is applied to the area of the specimen's surface that is most likely to be impacted by flames resulting from normal use or fault conditions Examples of these positions are illustrated in Figures 1b and 1c.
La durée d'application de la flamme d'essai doit être celle prescrite dans la spécification particulière
The test flame is positioned so that its tip makes contact with the surface of the specimen The test flame is removed after the specified duration.
If molten or flaming material flows from the test specimen during flame application, the burner can be tilted up to 45° from the vertical This adjustment helps prevent the material from flowing into the burner tube while maintaining a gap of 8 mm ± 1 mm between the center of the burner tip and the remaining portion of the test specimen, disregarding any molten material flow.
If the specific requirement mandates it, the test is conducted at an additional point on the same sample In this case, it is essential to ensure that any deterioration caused by previous tests does not impact the results of the current test.
Burner
The burner to produce the test flame shall consist of a tube at least 35 mm long with a bore of
0,5 mm ± 0,1 mm and an outer diameter not exceeding 0,9 mm
The tubing outlined in ISO 9626 (0.8 mm normal or thin walled) satisfies the standard's criteria, featuring an internal diameter of 0.5 mm ± 0.1 mm and an external diameter not exceeding 0.9 mm.
The burner is supplied with butane or propane gas having a purity of at least 95 % There shall be no air admitted to the burner tube.
Flame
Adjust the gas supply to achieve a flame length of 12 mm ± 1 mm, ensuring the burner is positioned vertically and observed in subdued light against a dark background.
Figure 1a) The flame shall be confirmed using the apparatus and procedure detailed in Annex
A The test time for the temperature to increase from 100 °C ± 5 °C to 700 °C ± 3 °C shall be
Laboratory fumehood/chamber
The laboratory fume hood or chamber must have a minimum internal volume of 0.5 m³, ensuring a draught-free environment that facilitates normal thermal air circulation around the test specimen Additionally, the design should allow for clear observation of the ongoing test.
The inside surfaces of the walls shall be of a dark colour
2 Figures in square brackets refer to the bliography
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For safety and convenience, it is advisable for this fully enclosed space to be equipped with an extraction system, such as a fan, to remove potentially toxic combustion products The extraction system should be turned off during testing and restarted immediately after timing A backdraft damper may be required.
NOTE Il a été jugé utile de placer un miroir dans l'enceinte pour avoir une vue arrière de l’éprouvette
To assess the potential for fire spread, such as from burning or glowing particles falling from the test tube, a layer of material or components is placed beneath the test tube This layer is positioned at a distance equal to that between the test tube and adjacent materials or components when the test tube is installed in its normal usage.
If the test specimen is a subset or component of the material and is tested separately, a flat, smooth wooden panel approximately 10 mm thick, covered with a single layer of muslin paper, should be positioned at a distance of 200 mm ± 5 mm below the point where the flame is applied to the specimen, unless otherwise specified in the particular specification The muslin paper, as defined in ISO 4046-4 section 4.215, is a soft, durable, and thin paper with a grammage ranging from 12 g/m² to 30 g/m².
Si l'éprouvette est un matériel complet auto-portant, elle est placée dans sa position normale d'utilisation sur un panneau en bois recouvert de papier mousseline dépassant d'au moins
100 mm la base du matériel dans toutes les directions
Si l'éprouvette est un matériel mural complet, elle est fixée dans sa position normale d'utilisation à 200 mm ± 5 mm au-dessus du panneau en bois recouvert de papier mousseline
Des dispositifs pour maintenir l'éprouvette et le brûleur en place peuvent être nécessaires
Le dispositif de chronométrage doit avoir une résolution n’excédant pas 0,5 s
Si possible, l'éprouvette doit être un matériel, un sous-ensemble ou un composant complet
When removing parts of an envelope or cutting an appropriate section for testing, it is crucial to ensure that the testing conditions remain similar to normal operating conditions This includes maintaining the shape, ventilation, and accounting for thermal stresses, potential flames, and the risk of burning or glowing particles falling near the specimen.
When using a test specimen cut from a larger material, it is crucial to avoid improper application of the test flame, particularly on edges created during the cutting process.
S'il n'est pas possible d'effectuer l'essai sur un sous-ensemble ou un composant lorsqu'il est à l'intérieur du matériel, l'essai est effectué sur une éprouvette prélevée sur le matériel
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For enhanced safety and convenience, the enclosure should be equipped with an exhaust fan to eliminate potentially toxic combustion products The extraction device must remain off during testing and activated immediately after timing measurements are completed Additionally, a positive closing damper may be required.
NOTE Placing a mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of the test specimen, has been found to be useful.
Specified layer
To assess the potential for fire spread due to burning or glowing particles from the test specimen, a layer of material or components is positioned beneath the specimen This layer is placed at a distance that matches the typical spacing between the test specimen and the surrounding materials during normal usage.
When testing a sub-assembly or component separately, position a flat, smooth wooden board approximately 10 mm thick, covered with a single layer of wrapping tissue, 200 mm ± 5 mm below the needle-flame application point on the test specimen, unless specified otherwise The wrapping tissue, as defined in ISO 4046-4, should be a lightweight, soft, and strong material with a weight range of 12 g/m² to 30 g/m².
When testing free-standing equipment, it should be positioned in its typical usage orientation on a tissue-covered wooden board, ensuring that it extends at least 100 mm beyond the base of the equipment in all directions.
If the test specimen is a complete wall-mounted equipment, it is fixed in its normal position of use 200 mm ± 5 mm above the tissue covered wooden board
Means to fix the test specimen and the burner in position may be necessary.
Timing device
The timing device shall have a tolerance of not more than 0,5 s
For testing, the specimen should ideally be a complete equipment, sub-assembly, or component If modifications are required, such as removing parts of an enclosure, it is crucial to maintain test conditions that closely resemble normal usage This includes considerations for shape, ventilation, thermal stress effects, and the potential presence of flames or falling burning particles near the test specimen.
When testing a specimen cut from a larger unit, it is crucial to apply the test flame correctly, avoiding edges created by the cutting process.
If it is not possible to conduct the test on a sub-assembly or component within the equipment, the test is conducted on a test specimen removed from the equipment
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Les valeurs préférentielles de la durée d'application (t a ) de la flamme d'essai sont les suivantes:
La tolérance pour toutes les valeurs est de
NOTE Il convient que la durée d'application de la flamme d'essai soit choisie en fonction des caractéristiques du produit final
Unless otherwise specified, the test specimen, wooden panel, and muslin paper must be kept for at least 24 hours in an environment with a temperature between 15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity of 45%.
Unless otherwise specified, the test specimen should be positioned in a normal usage orientation to facilitate ignition during the test The specimen's fixation devices must not affect the test flame's behavior or flame propagation, except as they would under normal operating conditions.
The test flame is applied to the area of the specimen's surface that is most likely to be impacted by flames resulting from normal use or fault conditions Examples of these positions are illustrated in Figures 1b and 1c.
La durée d'application de la flamme d'essai doit être celle prescrite dans la spécification particulière
The test flame is positioned so that the tip of the flame makes contact with the surface of the specimen The test flame is removed at the end of the prescribed duration.
If molten or flaming material flows from the test specimen during flame application, the burner can be tilted up to 45° from the vertical This adjustment helps prevent the material from flowing into the burner tube while maintaining a gap of 8 mm ± 1 mm between the center of the burner tip and the remaining portion of the test specimen, disregarding any molten material flow.
If the specific requirement mandates it, the test is conducted at an additional point on the same sample In this case, it is essential to ensure that any deterioration caused by previous tests does not impact the results of the current test.
Sauf exigence contraire dans la spécification particulière, l'essai est effectué sur trois éprouvettes
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Preferred values of duration of application (t a ) of test flame are as follows:
The tolerance for all values is 0 1 s
NOTE The duration of application of the test flame should be chosen in relation to the characteristics of the end product
Before conducting the test, it is essential to condition the test specimen, wooden board, and tissue paper for a minimum of 24 hours in an environment with a temperature ranging from 15 °C to 35 °C and a relative humidity between 45% and 75%.
Position of test specimen
The test specimen must be positioned in a way that reflects normal usage to maximize the likelihood of ignition during testing Additionally, the method used to secure the test specimen should not affect the behavior of the test flame or the spread of flames beyond what would occur under typical usage conditions.
Application of needle-flame
The test flame is directed at the area of the test specimen most susceptible to flames during normal use or under fault conditions, as illustrated in Figures 1b and 1c.
The duration of application of the test flame shall be as specified in the relevant specification
The test flame is placed in direct contact with the surface of the test specimen, and it is removed after a predetermined duration.
During flame application, if the test specimen drips molten or flaming material, the burner can be tilted up to 45° from vertical This adjustment helps prevent dripping material from entering the burner tube while ensuring an 8 mm ± 1 mm distance is maintained between the burner’s top center and the test specimen, excluding any molten material strings.
When specified, the test must be conducted at multiple points on the same specimen It is crucial to ensure that any damage from prior tests does not influence the outcome of the current test.
Number of test specimens
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specification, the test is performed on three test specimens
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En cas d'allumage de l'éprouvette et/ou des parties de la couche spécifiée et/ou des parties qui l'entourent, la durée de combustion (t b ) est mesurée et consignée
The combustion duration refers to the time interval between the removal of the test flame from the sample and the moment when the last flames extinguish, as well as when the incandescence of the sample and its surrounding specified layers is no longer visible.
Unless otherwise specified in the particular specification, a test specimen is deemed to have successfully passed the needle burner test if one of the following conditions is met: a) There is no flame or glowing of the specimen, nor ignition of the specified layer or muslin paper b) The flames or glowing of the specimen and surrounding areas extinguish within 30 seconds after removal from the needle burner, meaning that \( t_b < 30 \) seconds Additionally, the surrounding areas must not have burned completely, and there should be no ignition of the specified layer or muslin paper.
12 Renseignements devant figurer dans la spécification particulière
The specific specification must detail the following points: a) any packaging that differs from that in Article 8; b) the number of test specimens if it differs from that in 9.3; c) the position of the specimen (refer to 9.1); d) the surface to be tested and the point of application (see 9.2); e) the specified layer to be used for assessing the impact of burning or glowing particles falling from the specimen (refer to 5.4); f) the degree of severity.
– la durée d'application de la flamme d'essai (t a ) (voir l'Article 7); g) les exigences si elles différent des Articles 10 et 11:
The acceptable limits for combustion duration and burned length must consider the design and arrangement of various components, including screens and barriers within the equipment.
– si les critères spécifiés sont suffisants pour vérifier la conformité aux exigences de sécurité ou s'il convient d'introduire des critères supplémentaires
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In the case of ignition of the test specimen and/or the specified layer and/or the surrounding parts, the duration of burning (t b ) is measured and reported
The duration of burning refers to the time taken from when the test flame is removed from the specimen until all flames have extinguished and any visible glowing of the specimen, its specified layer, or surrounding areas has ceased.
The test specimen passes the needle-flame test if it meets specific criteria: a) there is no flame, glowing, or ignition of the specified layer or wrapping tissue; or b) any flames or glowing extinguish within 30 seconds after the needle-flame is removed, with no complete burning of surrounding parts and no ignition of the specified layer or wrapping tissue.
12 Information to be given in the relevant specification
The relevant specification must detail any conditioning variations from Clause 8, the number of test specimens differing from Section 9.3, the position of the test specimen as outlined in Section 9.1, the surface to be tested along with the point of application referenced in Section 9.2, the specified layer for assessing the impact of burning or glowing particles from the test specimen as per Section 5.4, and the level of severity.
– the duration of application of the test flame (t a ) (see Clause 7) ; g) requirements if different from Clauses 10 and 11:
– the permissible duration and extent of burning, considering the design and arrangements of the various parts, shields and barriers inside the equipment;
– whether the criteria specified are sufficient to check compliance with the safety requirements, or whether further criteria should be introduced
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The test report must include the following information: a) the type and description of the specimen; b) the preparation method; c) any conditioning of the specimen; d) the number of specimens; e) the severity level, including the duration of the test flame application; f) the surface to be tested and the point of application of the needle burner; g) the specified layer used to assess the effect of burning or glowing particles falling from the specimen; h) whether the test flame was applied at multiple points on the same specimen; and i) the test results.
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The test report must detail the type and description of the test specimen, the method of preparation, any conditioning applied to the test specimens, the number of test specimens, and the level of severity.
The test flame application duration (t a) is crucial, as outlined in Clauses 7 and 12 It is important to consider the tested surface and the specific point of needle-flame application (refer to 9.2) Additionally, the designated layer for assessing the impact of burning or glowing particles from the test specimen is specified in section 5.4 The application of the test flame at multiple points on the same specimen should also be noted (see 9.2), along with the comprehensive test results detailed in Clauses 10 and 11.
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Figure 1a Réglage de la flamme
Figure 1b – Position d’essai (exemple) Figure 1c – Position d’essai (exemple)
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Figure 1b Test position (example) Figure 1c Test position (example)
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A.1 Vérification de la flamme d'essai – Principe
Lorsque le dispositif d'essai de vérification de la flamme de la Figure A.2 est utilisé, le temps pour que la température du bloc de cuivre, décrit à la Figure A.1 passe de 100 °C ± 5 °C à
NOTE Des informations de base détaillées pour la vérification de la flamme d'essai peuvent être trouvées dans la
Le brûleur doit être conforme à 5.1
Une vanne de commande est exigée pour régler le débit de gaz
Le matériau constituant le bloc de cuivre doit suivre les spécifications suivantes: Cu-ETP UNS
C11000 (voir ASTM-B187) Le diamètre du bloc de cuivre doit être de 4 mm ± 0,01 mm avec une masse de 0,58 g ± 0,01 g aprốs usinage et polissage complets mais avant perỗage, voir la Figure A.1
Le thermocouple est constitué d'un fil mince gainé de type K (NiCr/NiAl) d'un diamètre à l'extérieur de la gaine de 0,5 mm
The preferred method for securing the thermocouple to the copper block involves compressing the copper around the thermocouple, ensuring that it is inserted to the maximum depth of the hole as shown in Figure A.2.
A.2.5 Dispositifs d’indication, d'enregistrement de la température et du temps
These devices must be designed to measure the time required for a copper block to transition from a temperature of 100 °C ± 5 °C to 700 °C ± 3 °C, with a temporal uncertainty of 0.1 seconds The timing device will have a tolerance that does not exceed
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A.1 Confirmation of the test flame – Principle
The time for the temperature of the copper block, described in Figure A.1 to increase from
100 °C ± 5 °C to 700 °C ± 3 °C shall be 23,5 s ± 1,0 s, when the flame confirmatory test arrangement of Figure A.2 is used
NOTE Detailed background information for the confirmation of a test flame can be found in IEC 60695-11-40 [2]
The burner shall be in accordance with 5.1
One control valve is required to set the gas flow rate
The copper block material must be designated as Cu-ETP UNS C11000 in accordance with ASTM-B187 standards It should have a diameter of 4 mm ± 0.01 mm and a mass of 0.58 g ± 0.01 g when fully machined and polished, but undrilled, as illustrated in Figure A.1.
A sheathed fine wire type K (NiCr/NiAl) with an outer sheath diameter of 0,5 mm
To securely fasten the thermocouple to the copper block, compress the copper around the thermocouple after ensuring it is fully inserted to the depth of the hole, as illustrated in Figure A.2.
A.2.5 Temperature indicating, recording and timing devices
The timing devices must accurately measure the duration required for a copper block to heat from 100 °C ± 5 °C to 700 °C ± 3 °C, with a time uncertainty of 0.1 seconds Additionally, these devices should maintain a tolerance of no more than 0.5 seconds.
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