Iec 61097 2 2008

IEC 61097-2Edition 3.0 2008-01 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Global maritime distress and safety system GMDSS – Part 2: COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRB – Satellite emergency position indicating radio b

Compliance

(A.810(19)/A.1) The satellite emergency position-indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) shall, in addition to meeting the requirements of the Radio Regulations, the relevant ITU-R

Recommendations and the general requirements set out in resolution A.694(17) comply with the following performance Standard

In addition to this performance Standard, the satellite EPIRB shall comply with the requirements of COSPAS-SARSAT documents C/S T.001, C/S T.007 and C/S T.012

The radio frequency of operation of the equipment shall at all times be within the limits defined by the Radio Regulations.

General

The satellite EPIRB must be manually releasable and portable by one person into a survival craft It is required to transmit distress alerts to the COSPAS-SARSAT satellites operating in the 406 MHz band Additionally, the EPIRB should function effectively while floating in the sea, as well as on board a ship and within a survival craft Furthermore, it must be of an automatic float-free design.

The equipment and its mounting and releasing arrangements must be dependable and function effectively under the harshest maritime conditions Float-free release and activation systems are designed to automatically release the satellite EPIRB from a sinking vessel and activate it Table 1 outlines the appropriate control function combinations to manage activation effectively.

Control position EPIRB condition EPIRB-mount or release mechanism status Transmitter status

ON READY WET* DRY OUT IN ON OFF

* Floating or immersed in water f) (A.694(17)/1.2) Where a unit of equipment provides a facility which is additional to the minimum requirements of this standard, such as an internal navigation device (Global

Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver) or the possibility of connecting external

The satellite EPIRB must function effectively without compromising equipment performance, adhering to minimum standards as outlined in IEC 60945 Any additional navigation facilities should not interfere with the EPIRB's compliance during normal operations Furthermore, all internal or external navigation devices connected to the EPIRB must meet the requirements specified in Annex B Importantly, the satellite EPIRB is designed as a single integral unit, with no detachable parts that can be removed without tools.

Operational

Prevention of inadvertent activation

The satellite EPIRB shall: a) (A.810(19)/A.2.3.1) be fitted with adequate means to prevent inadvertent activation and deactivation; b) not automatically activate when water washes over it while in its release mechanism See

Table 1; c) be designed to limit any inadvertent continuous 406 MHz transmission to a maximum of 45 s.

Immersion, buoyancy and drop into water

The satellite EPIRB must be designed to ensure that its electrical components are watertight at a depth of 10 meters for at least 5 minutes, while also withstanding temperature variations of 45 °C during transitions from mounted positions to immersion It should be resilient against the harmful effects of marine environments, including condensation and water leakage, which should not impair the beacon's performance Additionally, the EPIRB must float upright in calm water, demonstrating positive stability and sufficient buoyancy in all sea conditions, and it should be able to withstand being dropped into the water from a height of 20 meters without sustaining damage.

Activation

The satellite EPIRB is designed to automatically activate when it floats free or is in water, regardless of control settings (A.810(19)/A.2.3.3) Additionally, it allows for repetitive manual activation and deactivation (A.810(19)/A.2.3.4).

Manual deactivation of the satellite EPIRB does not inhibit its automatic activation when released from its mechanism or when it is in water According to regulation A.810(19)/A.2.3.11, the satellite EPIRB must be equipped with a low-duty cycle white light, producing a minimum effective intensity of 0.75 candela This light should operate in darkness and various lighting conditions, flashing 20 to 30 times per minute, with a flash duration between 10 microseconds and 0.1 seconds, to assist nearby survivors and rescue teams in locating it.

The light must be installed to achieve an effective output of 0.75 candela (cd) or higher across as much of the upper hemisphere as feasible Additionally, the average light output throughout the entire upper hemisphere should not fall below an effective 0.50 cd.

LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.

When using a satellite EPIRB, it's important to note that lower intensity areas may exist around the device, particularly at higher elevations where mounting obstructions can affect performance Upon manual activation, the low-duty cycle light will start flashing within 2 seconds, but no distress signal will be transmitted until at least 47 seconds and no more than 5 minutes later After the distress signal begins, the low-duty cycle light must operate as specified Additionally, the satellite EPIRB must include a feature to indicate that signals are being emitted, with the low-duty cycle light serving as an acceptable indicator Furthermore, it is required to have a 121.5 MHz beacon for aircraft homing purposes.

Self-test

The satellite EPIRB shall (A.810(19)/A.2.3.8) be capable of being tested, without using the satellite system, to determine that the satellite EPIRB is capable of operating properly

When activated, the self-test mode of the satellite EPIRB emits a single modulated burst that includes the beacon's 15 Hex ID The frame synchronization pattern is "011010000," ensuring that the test burst is not processed by satellite equipment, with a burst duration of 440 ms.

For location protocol beacons, the self-test message must contain the default values outlined in C/S T.001, and successful test completion should be indicated The test facility will automatically reset upon activation During the self-test, a 121.5 MHz auxiliary radio-locating device signal will be transmitted, limited to a maximum of 3 audio sweeps or 1 second, whichever is greater Additionally, the self-test function will conduct an internal check to confirm that RF power is being emitted at both 406 MHz and 121.5 MHz.

Colour and retro-reflecting material

The satellite EPIRB shall (A.810(19)/A.2.3.9) be of highly visible yellow/orange colour and be fitted with retro-reflecting material

The minimum area of retro-reflective material visible above the water-line of the satellite

EPIRB shall be at least 25 cm 2 This shall be achieved by retro-reflective material, at least

25 mm wide, with at least 5 cm 2 viewable from every angle on the horizon

The retro-reflective material shall also meet the performance requirements of IMO Resolution

Lanyard

The EPIRB satellite must be equipped with a securely attached buoyant lanyard, designed for use as a tether for survivors or from a survival craft in the water This lanyard should be arranged to prevent it from becoming trapped in the ship's structure when it is floating freely.

The buoyant lanyard shall have a length of 5 m to 8 m The breaking strength of the lanyard and its attachment to the satellite EPIRB shall be at least 25 kg.

Exposure to the marine environment

The satellite EPIRB shall not (A.810(19)/A.2.3.12), including the labelling, be unduly affected by sea water or oil or both; and (A.810(19)/A.2.3.13) be resistant to deterioration in prolonged exposure to sunlight

Ergonomics

The satellite EPIRB must feature controls that are adequately sized for easy operation, allowing use by individuals in immersion suits as per the IMO Lifesaving Appliance Code (Resolution MSC.48(66), section 2.3) This includes the ability to remove the EPIRB from its bracket, manually activate and deactivate the control functions, and deploy the lanyard.

Indication of previous activation

The satellite EPIRB must include a feature that indicates prior activation, alerting users to a potential decrease in battery capacity This feature should be non-resettable by the user.

For example, manual activation of the satellite EPIRB requires the breaking of a seal, which shall not be replaceable by the user

This indication of operation shall not be activated when using the self-test facility.

Distress function

(A.810(19)/A.3.1) When the satellite EPIRB is manually operated a distress alert shall be initiated only by means of a dedicated distress alert activator (see Table 1)

The dedicated activator shall: a) (A.810(19)/A.3.2.1) be clearly identified; and b) (A.810(19)/A.3.2.2) be protected against inadvertent operation

(A.810(19)/A.3.3) Manual distress alert initiation shall require at least two independent actions neither of which on its own shall activate the satellite EPIRB

The following actions shall not be counted as one of the two independent actions required to activate the satellite EPIRB

– breaking a seal or other means provided to comply with 3.3.9;

– manual removal from the bracket; or

(A.810(19)/A.3.4) The satellite EPIRB shall not be automatically activated after being manually removed from the release mechanism (dry EPIRB condition).

Float-free arrangements

General

The float-free arrangement must be designed to ensure that the release mechanism operates before reaching a water depth of 4 meters, regardless of orientation Additionally, any hydrostatic release unit utilized in the float-free release mechanism must adhere to the IMO Lifesaving Appliance Code as outlined in IMO Resolution A.662(16)/2.1.

According to MSC.48(66) paragraph 4.1.6.3 and ISO 15734, the unit must be designed to prevent release during sea washovers and should include a release mechanism that is safeguarded against accidental activation Additionally, it is essential that the unit is made from non-corrosive materials to avoid deterioration that could lead to malfunctions It is important to note that galvanizing or any metallic coatings on the float-free release mechanism are not permissible.

MECON Limited is licensed for internal use at the Ranchi and Bangalore locations, with supplies provided by the Book Supply Bureau The materials, as specified in document A.662(16)/2.5, must be labeled appropriately and should not be adversely impacted by seawater, oil, or extended exposure to sunlight.

External power or data connection

For satellite EPIRBs that require an external power or data connection, it is essential that the connection method does not obstruct the release from the mechanism or the activation of the satellite EPIRB.

Ability to check the automatic release

The automatic release mechanism of satellite EPIRBs, excluding disposable hydrostatic release units, can be evaluated for proper functioning through a straightforward method that does not require activation.

Manual release

(A.662(16)/5) It shall be possible to release the satellite EPIRB manually from the float-free mechanism, without tools.

Environment for satellite EPIRB

Temperature and icing

a) Ambient temperatures of –40 °C to +55 °C for class 1 b) Ambient temperatures of –20 °C to +55 °C for class 2 c) Icing.

Wind speed

(A.810(19)/A.2.5.3) Relative wind speeds up to 100 knots (52 m/s).

Stowage

After stowage at temperatures between –40 °C and +70 °C for class 1 and between –30 °C and +70 °C for class 2

In this standard, the term "Stowage" typically refers to the temperature ranges for non-operational equipment However, in certain standards like IEC 60945, the term "Storage" is utilized It is important to note that these terms are interchangeable within the context of this standard.

Shock and vibration

(A.810(19)/A.2.6.2) Be capable, while mounted on board, of operating properly over the ranges of shock and vibration and other environmental conditions normally encountered above deck on sea-going vessels.

Environment for float-free arrangement

The float-free arrangement shall: a) (A.662(16)/2.2) be capable of operating throughout the temperature range of –30 °C to

+65 °C for all classes of satellite EPIRB b) (A.662(16)/2.6) be capable of operating properly after exposure to shock and vibration and other severe environmental conditions encountered above deck on seagoing vessels

The ship must be designed to minimize ice formation and its effects on the release of the satellite EPIRB in areas where icing is expected Additionally, it should withstand stowage conditions within a temperature range of -30 °C to +65 °C for all classes of satellite EPIRB.

NOTE It should be noted that the Stowage and Operating temperature ranges for the satellite EPIRB are different to those of the float-free arrangement.

Interference – electromagnetic compatibility

All feasible measures must be implemented to guarantee electromagnetic compatibility between the equipment in question and other radiocommunication and navigational devices onboard, adhering to the pertinent requirements outlined in chapters III, IV, and V of the SOLAS Convention.

Refer to the appropriate subclauses of Clause 5 of this standard and IEC 60945 for the requirements.

Maintenance

Despite employing various methods, it is essential to acknowledge that shore-based maintenance will always play a crucial role in ensuring the functional requirements of the GMDSS are met.

As defined in 3.2 g), the satellite EPIRB is a single integral unit, which is not suited for onboard repairs

The equipment must be designed for easy access to facilitate inspection and testing Access to the interior of the satellite EPIRB requires the use of tools.

Safety precautions

All practicable steps shall be taken to ensure that the equipment is in accordance with the appropriate clauses of IEC 60945

In addition, the battery shall not release toxic or corrosive products outside the satellite

EPIRBs can operate effectively during or after storage at temperatures ranging from –55 °C to +75 °C They are designed to function during full or partial discharges, even in the event of an external short circuit Additionally, EPIRBs can handle charging or forced discharges from other cells within the battery, as well as after experiencing a full or partial discharge.

The satellite EPIRB shall include measures to protect the batteries from reversal of polarity, shorting, and the effects of self-heating, cell-to-cell charging, and forced discharging

It is essential to ensure that the satellite EPIRB and its battery are safe for individuals handling, using, or servicing the device, as well as for any vehicle or equipment where it is transported, stored, or installed, in accordance with the specified standards.

Equipment manuals

Adequate information, as needed to comply with 3.9 and 3.13, shall be provided to enable the equipment to be properly stowed, installed, operated and tested

The satellite EPIRB must come with pictorial operating instructions displayed on a waterproof placard designed for bulkhead mounting While numerals can indicate the sequence of operations, the instructions should not include any words.

The equipment manual shall also include:

– an overview of the COSPAS-SARSAT system;

– complete instructions for the operation and the self testing of the satellite EPIRB;

– cautions and recommendations to prevent false alerts;

– instructions for licensing and registration, registration renewal and a discussion on the importance of accurate registration;

– battery information including replacement instructions, battery type, and safety information regarding battery use and disposal;

– an instruction to replace the battery after the satellite EPIRB is operated for any purpose other than a test;

– the minimum operating life-time and operating and stowage temperatures;

– the purpose of the lanyard and a precaution against using it to secure the satellite EPIRB to the ship;

– a recommendation against attempting to operate the satellite EPIRB inside a life raft or under any similar cover or canopy;

– the servicing and/or replacement of any hydrostatic release unit and any associated components subject to ageing, such as release rods;

– manufacturer recommendations, if any, on periodic functional testing, possibly in connection with battery replacement;

It is essential to retain the original packaging of your satellite EPIRB, as it may be necessary for shipping the device for servicing Compliance with UN regulations for shipping certain batteries as hazardous materials mandates specific packaging standards and labeling.

– instructions for the safe transportation or shipping of the satellite EPIRB or the location where such information can be obtained by the user;

– a warning to the effect that the Satellite EPIRB shall not be operated except in an emergency;

– a warning against installation near strong magnetic fields, if that might activate the satellite EPIRB;

For optimal performance, it is highly recommended to mount the satellite EPIRB as high as possible on small vessels This strategic placement ensures the effective operation of the hydrostatic float-free release unit, particularly in the event of a capsize without sinking.

– a recommendation to limit self-testing to the minimum necessary to ensure confidence in the operation of the satellite EPIRB;

– a warning to limit testing to the first five minutes of the hour, as the satellite EPIRB emits a

121,5 MHz signal during self-test;

– if appropriate a list of approved external GNSS Receivers for those satellite EPIRBs accepting external navigation inputs together with instructions for connecting and setting up the external devices;

For satellite EPIRBs equipped with an integral GNSS receiver or those that can connect to an external GNSS receiver, it is crucial to provide guidance to operators on optimizing self-locating performance Operators should be warned against obstructing the GNSS antenna's view of the sky to ensure accurate positioning.

The equipment manual shall include information explaining the necessity to report satellite

EPIRB false alarms by the most expedient means to the nearest search and rescue

MECON Limited is licensed for internal use in Ranchi and Bangalore, with materials supplied by the Book Supply Bureau It is essential to report specific information to the authorities, including the satellite EPIRB 15-Hex ID, along with the date, time, duration, cause of activation, and the location at the time of deactivation.

Labelling

Equipment labelling

The label or labels shall be placed on the satellite EPIRB itself and on its container, if any, as needed

(A.810(19)/A.4) In addition to the items specified in IMO Resolution A.694(17) 6.3 and 9

According to IEC 60945, the exterior of the equipment must clearly display essential information, including brief operating instructions in English for manual activation, deactivation, and self-test Additionally, a warning must indicate that the satellite EPIRB should only be operated in emergencies The equipment should also include the type designation, class as specified by the manufacturer, battery type, and the expiry date of the primary battery, with provisions to update this date upon battery replacement Lastly, the name of the ship and beacon identification data must be included.

1) (A.810(19)/A.4.3) the identity code programmed into the transmitter of the satellite

The EPIRB includes the hexadecimal representation of bits 26 to 85 of the digital message, as outlined in C/S T.001, along with the ship's call sign or MMSI, as mandated by the Administration and the MID.

2) country (i.e name of country as programmed in the MID);

3) a space for registration information (for instance Decals) as required by administrations; e) if applicable, for those satellite EPIRBs with an integral GNSS receiver or that can be interfaced with an external GNSS receiver, a statement that the device either contains a

A GNSS receiver can be connected to the system, and if needed, concise operating instructions for this feature should be provided Additionally, it is important to include a warning to restrict testing to the first five minutes of each hour, as the satellite EPIRB transmits during this time.

121,5 MHz signal during self-test.

Float-free arrangement labelling

The float-free arrangement must feature clear labels in English that provide essential information, including: a) manual release operating instructions; b) type designation; c) satellite EPIRB class; and d) the maintenance or replacement date for the release mechanism, if applicable.

If the labels are not easily visible in the installed setup, they must be provided near the float-free arrangement Additionally, these instructions can be presented in a pictorial format.

Installation

The equipment manual shall contain instructions to ensure that the installed satellite EPIRB shall: a) (IV/7.1.6.2) be installed in an easily accessible position;

The device must be installed to comply with the specified standards, ensuring it can meet all requirements It should feature local manual activation, with the option for remote activation from the navigating bridge when mounted in a float-free configuration Additionally, the device must release and float free before submerging to a depth of 4 meters, regardless of the ship's list or trim angle Finally, it should be mounted to avoid obstruction by the sinking ship's structure after release.

Transmitted frequency

The satellite EPIRB distress alerting signal shall be transmitted on a frequency in the

406 MHz band as specified in the COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz Channel Assignment table in

Signal and message format

(A.810(19)/B.1) The technical characteristics of the transmitted signal and the message format shall be in accordance with the requirements of the COSPAS-SARSAT System document C/S T.001.

Distress message memory

(A.810(19)/B.2) Provisions shall be included for storing the fixed portion of the distress message in the satellite EPIRB using non-volatile memory.

Beacon identification code

(A.810(19)/B.3) A unique beacon identification code shall be made part of all messages

The identification code consists of a 3-digit country code where the beacon is registered, followed by the last 6 digits of the ship station identity as per ITU-R regulations.

Recommendation M.585 or b) a unique serial number or c) a radio call sign

The 121.5 MHz homing signal must maintain a continuous duty cycle, allowing for interruptions of up to 2 seconds during the transmission of the 406 MHz signal Additionally, it must comply with the technical characteristics set by ITU-R, excluding the sweep direction.

Recommendation M.690-1 The sweep may either be upward or downward.

Power source

General

The battery of the satellite EPIRB must possess adequate capacity to ensure uninterrupted operation for a minimum of 48 hours, even under extreme temperature conditions specific to its class.

The satellite EPIRB shall be designed so that the electronic and electrical components are not damaged in the event of a leaking battery.

Battery life and expiry date

The life of the battery as defined by its expiry date shall be at least three years

The expiry date of the battery shall be the battery manufacturing date plus no more than half the useful life of the battery

The useful life of a battery is the duration following its manufacture during which it can fulfill the power requirements of the satellite EPIRB for a minimum of 48 hours, even under the most challenging conditions, accounting for all potential losses throughout its lifespan.

To determine the useful life of a battery, it is essential to consider various losses at a temperature of +20 °C ± 5 °C, alongside the power needed to operate the satellite EPIRB These losses include: a) self-testing, which encompasses any specific self-test modes such as GPS self-test, as advised by the manufacturer or mandated by the Administration, whichever is more stringent; b) the battery's self-discharge; and c) stand-by loads.

A battery with a useful life of 10 years from its manufacture date must not have an expiry date exceeding 5 years from the same date Additionally, it should be capable of supplying sufficient power for 10 years, covering self-testing, self-discharge, and standby loads, alongside the operational power needs of the satellite EPIRB.

Expiry date indication

The satellite EPIRB shall be clearly and durably marked with the battery expiry date (see

Reverse polarity protection

It shall not be possible to connect the battery with the polarity reversed.

Antenna characteristics

The antenna shall meet the requirements of C/S T.001, paragraph 2.3.3

5 Methods of testing and required test results

General

COSPAS-SARSAT type approval

This clause outlines additional requirements beyond the COSPAS-SARSAT type approval standards specified in documents C/S T.001 and C/S T.007 Testing is typically conducted at sites approved by the type approval authority, and the manufacturer is responsible for setting up the equipment and ensuring its proper operation prior to testing If the approved test site is also recognized as a COSPAS-SARSAT facility, the tests from both series may be conducted together.

The COSPAS-SARSAT tests consist of the following: a) electrical and functional tests at constant temperatures (minimum, normal test conditions and maximum);

This document is licensed to MECON Limited for internal use in Ranchi and Bangalore, provided by the Book Supply Bureau It includes various tests such as thermal shock, operating lifetime at low temperatures, frequency stability with temperature gradients, satellite qualitative assessments, beacon antenna evaluations, navigation system tests (if applicable), and beacon coding software analysis.

Power supply

During performance tests, electrical power is typically provided by the equipment's batteries For type-approval tests, it is required to submit at least three sets of batteries.

Warm-up period

The requirements of this standard shall be met (C/S T.001) after a maximum warm-up period of 15 min.

Instructions

Adequate information shall be provided to enable the equipment to be properly set up, maintained and operated during the type testing.

Additional facilities

If the equipment contains any additional facilities such as an internal navigation device

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver must operate under conditions that impose maximum battery load, such as not allowing the internal GNSS receiver to achieve a position fix, throughout all testing durations unless stated otherwise.

Audible and visual indications

During testing, all audible and visual indications including the low-duty cycle light shall be operational.

Preparation of satellite EPIRB for type-approval testing

For performance testing, the satellite EPIRB must be programmed to transmit data bursts encoded with the appropriate type and format according to the (C/S T.007) test protocol upon activation.

Evidence of compliance with all the requirements of this sub-clause shall be submitted by the manufacturer before testing commences

The satellite EPIRB must be configured to allow the antenna port to connect to test equipment via a coaxial cable with a 50 Ω load The beacon manufacturer is responsible for providing all necessary signal and control devices to simulate the nominal operation of ancillary devices, including external navigation input signals and manual control, in line with C/S T.007 Annexes A.3.7 and A.3.8, when placed in an environmental test chamber Additionally, the manufacturer must ensure that these devices can be operated in an automated and programmable manner The configuration of the antenna port should be established by the manufacturer prior to the initial test or before conducting the tests listed in A.1.12 of Annex A, covering all tests up to A.1.14, with the exception of one specific test.

A.1.10 shall be performed with the antenna in place (See Annex A for the required sequence of tests.) Test A.1.10 is to be performed with the beacon operating into 50 Ω load

Homing devices must be set up for test transmissions as mandated by national authorities It is crucial to avoid sending distress signals on designated distress and safety frequencies, such as by offsetting the 121.5 MHz homing signal to a maximum frequency of 121.65 MHz.

Test conditions

Tests shall be carried out under normal test conditions, unless otherwise stated

Normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges:

For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedure specified in IEC 60945

For class 1 satellite EPIRBs: –40 °C to +55 °C

For class 2 satellite EPIRBs: –20 °C to +55 °C

For float-free arrangements: –30 °C to +65 °C

Test sequence

All tests must be conducted on a single piece of equipment, set up according to the specifications in section 5.1.7 The testing sequence should follow the order outlined in Annex A of the standard Alternatively, one piece of equipment can be utilized for tests A.1.1 to A.1.14, while different equipment may be used for tests A.2.1 to A.2.12.

Performance check

For the purpose of this standard, a performance check consists in activating the satellite

EPIRB (see 5.1.7) and checking, using suitable test equipment (for example a hand held

Beacon Tester), the 406 MHz transmitted frequency (single burst only), the 406 MHz digital message (15 Hex ID and all 112 or 144 Hex message bits as appropriate) and the presence of

Auxiliary Radio-Location Device transmissions (Homing Transmitter output).

Performance test

For the purpose of this standard, a performance test consists in activating the satellite EPIRB

The measurements outlined in C/S T.007 Annex A.2.1 include the following key parameters: a) the transmitted power output at 406 MHz; b) the 406 MHz digital message; c) the performance of the 406 MHz digital message generator, specifically its Bit Rate and Stability as per T.007 A.3.1.3; d) the modulation characteristics at 406 MHz; and e) the transmitted frequency at 406 MHz.

LICENSED TO MECON Limited - RANCHI/BANGALORE FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY, SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU. f) 406 MHz spurious output.

General tests

Tests for float-free arrangements

The satellite EPIRB, equipped with an automatic release mechanism, must be submerged in water at normal temperature for all tests, with the water temperature recorded The tests can be conducted in any order.

The test at normal temperature shall be performed six times with the equipment rotated each time as follows:

– normal mounting position (as defined in the equipment manual, see 3.11);

The satellite EPIRB is designed to automatically release and become float-free from its mounting before it reaches a depth of 4 meters or a water pressure of 40 kPa.

The tests at the extreme temperatures shall be performed in the normal mounting position(s) only, as defined in the equipment manuals

NOTE Where the tests required at extreme temperatures cannot be carried out within the environmental chamber, other methods may be used which approximate the required conditions

Any climatic control devices provided in the equipment may be switched on before or during the test

After each release of the satellite EPIRB from its float-free mechanism, an inspection test for mechanical deterioration and water penetration must be conducted If performance checks are satisfactory, the inspection for water ingress can be postponed until all tests are completed.

The performance check as described in 5.1.10 shall be carried out after each series of releases and at each specified temperature.

Operational tests

Prevention of inadvertent activation

a) (3.3.1 a)) By inspection b) (3.3.1 b)) Tests are included in 5.5.1.1 c) (3.3.1 c)) By inspection

Immersion, buoyancy and drop into water

The test is included in 5.17.4 and 5.17.8

When the antenna of the satellite EPIRB is deployed in its standard operating position, it should be submerged just below the surface of fresh water when rotated horizontally Upon release, the EPIRB must return to an upright position within 2 seconds.

NOTE Fresh water is defined as normal domestic tap water

In calm fresh water, the satellite EPIRB shall float upright with the base of the antenna a minimum of 40 mm above the water-line

The satellite EPIRB must maintain a reserve buoyancy of at least 5% This can be verified through two methods: first, by submerging the entire unit and measuring the buoyant force with a scale, ensuring the buoyant force divided by the unit's weight yields a result of at least 0.05; second, by determining the water-line on the floating EPIRB and calculating the volume above the water-level divided by the volume below, which must also result in at least 0.05.

The test is included in 5.17.5.

Activation

5.3.3.1 Test for salt water activation

The satellite EPIRB must be tested in a 0.1% salt solution, ensuring it activates regardless of control settings This test should be conducted for every possible combination of control settings.

The salt used for the test shall be sodium chloride (NaCl) containing, when dry, not more than

0,1 % sodium iodide and 0,03 % total impurities

The salt solution concentration shall be (0,1 ± 0,01) % by weight

The solution shall be prepared by dissolving (1 ± 0,1) parts by weight of salt in 1 000 parts by weight of distilled or demineralized water

All untested combinations of satellite EPIRB, float-free release mechanisms, and controls specified in Table 1 must be verified for proper functionality as outlined in the table.

This test may be combined with the test in 5.2.1

5.3.3.2 Test for repetitive manual activation and deactivation

5.3.3.3 Test of low-duty cycle light

The effective luminous intensity, flash duration, and flash rate must be evaluated at both normal and extreme temperatures According to IMO Resolution MSC.81(70) – Testing of Life-Saving Appliances, section 10.4.9, the effective luminous intensity is defined by a specific formula.

∫ ⋅ where i is the instantaneous intensity;

0,2 is the Blondel-Rey constant; t 2 – t 1 are the time limits of integration in seconds at which the intensity is i or greater

The effective luminous intensity must average at least 0.5 candela across the entire upper hemisphere Additionally, the flash rate should be maintained between 20 to 30 times per minute.

The flash duration shall be between 10 –6 s and 10 –1 s

The effective luminous intensity of the satellite EPIRB must be measured at 49 points across its upper hemisphere To establish a baseline for testing, the EPIRB should be floated in fresh water to determine and mark its waterline, which serves as the 0° elevation reference plane According to the specified standards, the average effective luminous intensity across all measurement points must be no less than 0.50 cd, with no individual point falling below 0.2 cd.

NOTE Where the tests required at extreme temperature cannot be carried out within the environmental chamber, other methods may be used which approximate the required conditions

The 121,5 MHz beacon shall comply with the requirements of Annex D.

Self-test

The self-test mode of the satellite EPIRB shall be activated The digital message generated shall be in accordance with the requirements of 3.3.4 (self-test frame synchronization)

The automatic reset of the test facility and the indication of the self-test mode shall be checked by inspection

The 121,5 MHz auxiliary radio-locating device signal shall be checked to ensure it does not exceed 3 audio sweeps or 1 s, whichever is greater, during self test.

Colour and retro-reflecting material

By inspection of the fitting and of evidence of compliance with IMO Resolution A.658(16) for the performance requirements of the retro-reflecting material.

Lanyard

By inspection of evidence submitted by the manufacturer that the lanyard meets the specified requirements.

Exposure to marine environment

The materials used by the manufacturer, including any colored external coating, have been previously tested and are unlikely to be adversely affected by seawater, oil, or prolonged exposure to sunlight, as confirmed by tests and evidence submitted.

Ergonomics

Indication of previous activation

By inspection of the evidence submitted by the manufacturer and of the satellite EPIRB.

Distress function

The requirements of 3.4 shall be verified as follows

To activate the satellite EPIRB, it is essential to perform two independent actions, as outlined in section 3.4 The items listed in this section do not trigger activation on their own, confirming the necessity of these two distinct actions for proper functionality.

If appropriate remove the satellite EPIRB from the bracket and ensure that it is not activated by this action.

Float-free arrangements

General

The requirements of 3.5.1 a) shall be verified during 5.2.1

5.5.1.1 Test to prevent release when sea water washes over the unit

The EPIRB satellite unit, along with its release mechanism and bracket, must be securely mounted on a suitable test fixture according to the mounting methods outlined in the equipment manual A hose with a nominal diameter of 63.5 mm should direct a water stream at the unit for 5 minutes, delivering approximately 2,300 liters of water per minute.

The nozzle must be positioned 3.50 m from the satellite EPIRB and 1.50 m above the antenna base During testing, the nozzle or unit should be adjusted to ensure that water impacts the satellite EPIRB in a 180° arc, perpendicular to the unit's normal mounting position.

The satellite EPIRB shall not release from its bracket nor shall it automatically activate as a result of the water from the hose stream

The manufacturer must provide evidence or testing results to demonstrate that the materials used, including any colored external coatings, have been previously tested and are unlikely to cause any unit malfunctions.

Testing or inspection, as outlined in sections 5.17.9, 5.17.10, and 5.17.11, along with the manufacturer's evidence, confirms that the materials used are unlikely to be adversely affected by seawater, oil, or prolonged sunlight exposure.

External power or data connection

Ability to check the automatic release

Manual release

Environment

Temperature

Icing

The manufacturer confirms compliance with sections 3.6.1 c) and 3.7 c) by successfully completing section 5.2.1 at extreme temperatures and verifying through the equipment manual that heaters or appropriate alternatives are properly fitted to the float-free arrangement.

Wind speed

By inspection of the evidence submitted by the manufacturer, and by successful completion of

Stowage

Shock and vibration

Environment for float-free arrangement

Interference – Electromagnetic compatibility

Maintenance

By inspection of the equipment manuals (see 5.11).

Safety precautions

The manufacturer must demonstrate through testing and inspection that the satellite EPIRB and its battery operate safely under the specified conditions in section 3.10 Additionally, the manufacturer is required to provide proof that the battery and its individual cells are either exempt from testing or have been tested in accordance with the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, PART III, Section

Equipment manuals

Labelling

Equipment labelling

Float-free arrangement labelling

Installation

By inspection of the equipment manuals and, if provided, by activation of the satellite EPIRB from the remote system, set up according to manufacturer's instructions.

Technical characteristics

By testing to C/S T.007 in accordance with Annex A.1.12.

Power source

Battery capacity and low-temperature test

To ensure optimal performance, the satellite EPIRB must be activated with a fresh battery pack at ambient temperature for a duration specified by the manufacturer This period accounts for battery capacity loss due to self-testing, standby loads, and self-discharge throughout the battery pack's useful life The manufacturer is required to provide evidence supporting the method used to establish this activation time.

Manufacturers may choose to replace the pre-discharge of the battery with an equivalent extension beyond 48 hours for battery capacity and low-temperature testing When employing this method, the satellite EPIRB manufacturer must apply a compensation figure to account for the extension period due to battery capacity loss occurring at the minimum operating temperature instead of at ambient temperature This compensation figure must be substantiated by the manufacturer.

The satellite EPIRB must be stored in a chamber at normal room temperature before being cooled to –40 °C ± 3 °C for class 1 equipment or –30 °C ± 3 °C for class 2 equipment This temperature must be maintained for a duration of 10 hours or as specified by the type approval authority.

Climatic control devices in the equipment can be activated, and for class 2 equipment, the chamber must be heated to -20 °C ± 3 °C by the end of the specified period The operation of the climatic control device and the heating process for class 2 equipment should be finalized within 20 minutes.

The equipment must be activated at maximum current draw, such as using a long message or a GNSS device, 30 minutes after the satellite EPIRB reaches the applicable stowage temperature It should then operate continuously for 48 hours, with the chamber temperature maintained as specified throughout this duration.

The equipment shall be subjected to the test as specified in C/S T.007, Annex A, A.2.3

The operating lifetime at minimum temperature should be assessed at intervals not exceeding 6 hours, concluding with a performance test at the end of a 48-hour period.

NOTE If employing the alternative test method described above all references to 48 h shall be extended by the appropriate period

The satellite EPIRB shall meet the requirements of C/S T.007, Annex A, A.2.3 (–40 °C for class 1 and –20 °C for class 2) for 48 h

This test may be combined with the test as described in C/S T.007, Annex A, A.2.3 (see

Expiry date indication

Reverse polarity protection

Antenna characteristics

By testing to C/S T.007 in accordance with A.1.12.

Environment

Dry heat cycle, of IEC 60945

A performance test (see 5.1.11) shall be performed at the end of the functional test soak period

To conduct the performance test of the satellite EPIRB after the soak period, it may be necessary to remove it from the float-free release mechanism If the environmental chamber needs to be opened, ensure that the temperature of the satellite EPIRB is stabilized before performing the test.

Damp heat cycle, of IEC 60945

Low-temperature cycle

This test is covered by successful completion of the test in 5.15.

Thermal shock test, of IEC 60945

NOTE This test is different to the thermal shock test required by C/S T.007, Annex A, A.2.2, Thermal shock test

Subject to a satisfactory performance check, the opening of the satellite EPIRB to check for water ingress may be delayed until the completion of all tests.

Drop test for portable equipment, of IEC 60945

This test shall be performed on the satellite EPIRB removed from the float-free release mechanism

The three drops shall be initiated from a different orientation, namely antenna vertically up, antenna vertically down and antenna horizontal

Subject to a satisfactory performance check, the opening of the satellite EPIRB to check for water ingress may be delayed until the completion of all tests.

Vibration test, of IEC 60945

The performance check as required in IEC 60945 shall be carried out at the completion of the vibration test, rather than during it

Ruggedness test

The ruggedness test assesses the reliability of equipment under service conditions The satellite EPIRB must be attached to the testing equipment using its standard mounting methods and positioned as it would be during normal operation, without the use of extra straps or holding devices.

The satellite EPIRB shall be subjected to the ruggedness test according to the following profile:

Pulse duration: 16 ms or 20 ms ± 10 %

Wave shape: Half-cycle sinewave

After completion of the ruggedness test a performance check shall be carried out.

Immersion test, of IEC 60945

The satellite EPIRB shall be subjected to the immersion test for portable equipment

Subject to a satisfactory performance check, the opening of the satellite EPIRB to check for water ingress may be delayed until the completion of all tests

This test may be combined with the test in 5.17.4.

Solar radiation test, of IEC 60945

For this test, the satellite EPIRB must be detached from the float-free release mechanism, and both the EPIRB and the release mechanism will be tested independently.

The solar radiation test may be exempted if the manufacturer can provide proof that the components, materials, and finishes used in the satellite EPIRB and its release mechanism meet the necessary standards.

Oil resistance test, of IEC 60945

For this test, the satellite EPIRB must be detached from the float-free release mechanism, and both the EPIRB and the release mechanism will be tested separately.

The oil resistance test may be exempted if the manufacturer can provide proof that the components, materials, and finishes used in the satellite EPIRB and its release mechanism meet the required standards.

Corrosion test, of IEC 60945

For this test, the satellite EPIRB must be detached from the float-free release mechanism, and both the EPIRB and the release mechanism will undergo separate testing.

The corrosion test may be exempted if the manufacturer can provide proof that the components, materials, and finishes used in the satellite EPIRB and its release mechanism meet the necessary standards.

Interference testing

All these tests shall be performed with the satellite EPIRB installed in the release mechanism

In addition the electrostatic discharge test shall also be performed directly on the satellite

The satellite EPIRB must undergo tests for immunity to radiated interference and electrostatic discharge, as specified in IEC 60945, with all performance checks adhering to performance criterion B.

Spurious emissions

The measurement shall be performed only between bursts

Measurements should be conducted at the transmitter output with a 50 Ω load, utilizing either a receiver or a spectrum analyzer The bandwidth of the device must be adjusted to between 100 kHz and 120 kHz, or to the closest available setting, across the specified frequency bands.

No signal level within these bands shall exceed 25 μW

This test may be combined with the test required by C/S T.007, Annex A, A.3.2.2.4

(Annex A.1.12) and with the test required by Annex D.3 e) of this standard

This test replaces the radiated emissions test required by IEC 60945.

Compass safe distance

This test shall be performed with the satellite EPIRB installed in the release mechanism The test will be in accordance with IEC 60945 with the satellite EPIRB not activated.

Conducted interference

These tests shall be performed with the satellite EPIRB installed in the release mechanism

If the ship's power system is linked to the satellite EPIRB or its release mechanism, it is essential to test the equipment for compliance with the conducted emissions standards outlined in IEC 60945.

If the satellite EPIRB includes signal or control ports, like an external navigation data input or a remote activation system from the navigating bridge, it must also be tested for compliance with the radio frequency interference and fast transients requirements outlined in IEC 60945.

The performance check requirement for all tests shall be performance criterion B

The following environmental and operational tests shall be conducted in the sequence as stated here below All tests shall be performed on a single unit as defined in 5.1.7

Alternatively, all tests numbered A.1.1 to A.1.14 shall be performed on the unit defined in

5.1.7 and all tests numbered A.2.1 to A.2.12 shall be performed on one or more other unit(s) as defined in 5.1.9 These tests numbered A.2.1 to A.2.12 may be carried out independently in any sequence

Tests marked "x" may be performed in the indicated sequence or moved in the sequence and combined with the related COSPAS-SARSAT tests (A.1.12)

A performance check (see 5.1.10) shall be performed before the first test and during or after each test

A.1.1 Message format and homing devices (see 5.1.7) x A.1.2 Dry heat test (see 5.17.1 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.1.3 Damp heat test (see 5.17.2 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.1.4 Vibration test (see 5.17.6 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.1.6 Drop on hard surface (see 5.17.5.1 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.1.7 Drop into water (see IEC 60945 as modified in this standard, 5.17.5.2)

A.1.8 Thermal shock test (see 5.17.4 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.1.9 Immersion test (see 5.17.8 of this standard and IEC 60945) x A.1.10 Spurious emissions (see 5.19)

A.1.11 Battery capacity and low-temperature test (see 5.15.1)

A.1.12 COSPAS-SARSAT type-approval test procedure

A.1.13 Interference testing (see 5.18 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.1.14 Conducted interference test (if applicable) (see 5.21 of this standard and

A.2.2 Automatic release mechanism and automatic activation test for class 1 and class 2 satellite EPIRBs (see 5.2.1)

This test may be combined with the test required in 5.17.4

A.2.3 Stability and buoyancy test (see 5.3.2.2)

A.2.4 Float-free activation test (see 5.3.3.1)

A.2.5 Safety (see 5.10 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.2.6 Compass safe-distance test (see 5.20 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.2.7 Solar radiation test (see 5.17.9 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.2.8 Oil resistance test (see 5.17.10 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.2.9 Corrosion test (see 5.17.11 of this standard and IEC 60945)

A.2.11 GNSS Receiver requirements (if applicable) (see Annex B of this standard)

A.2.12 121,5 MHz homing device tests (see Annex D of this standard)

Internal and external navigation devices

Satellite EPIRBs can incorporate beacon position data from either an internal or external navigation device EPIRBs that offer one or both of these functionalities must comply with the specified requirements outlined in this annex.

A satellite EPIRB that interfaces with an external navigation device must meet specific requirements The manufacturer is required to supply a list of all approved GNSS receivers tested for compatibility with the satellite EPIRB, which should be included in the equipment manual Additionally, the manufacturer must provide clear instructions for connecting and configuring the external device.

GNSS receivers in the equipment manual This information shall include:

1) details of the electrical connections to the satellite EPIRB;

2) the specification of the interface (for instance IEC 61162-1);

3) details of the communications protocol to be used (for instance Baud rate, Data bits, parity bits, etc) which shall comply with IEC 61162;

4) a list of the IEC 61162 sentences that the satellite EPIRB can handle, which shall as a minimum include (GGA, GLL, GNS, and RMC) and

The GNSS receiver's key settings and parameters, such as map datum (WGS84/GTRF), I/O formats, and mode of operation, are crucial for optimal performance The equipment manual should guide operators in enhancing self-locating capabilities, emphasizing the importance of keeping the GNSS antenna unobstructed for a clear view of the sky Additionally, manufacturers must provide evidence addressing any malfunctions of the navigation interface to ensure reliability.

A short circuit does not impair the functionality of the satellite EPIRB during a malfunction The manufacturer must specify the measures implemented in the satellite EPIRB software to prevent incorrect position data from being included in the beacon message.

(see T.001 4.5.5.4) f) If a simulated data stream is used (as permitted by C/S T.007 A.2.7) for the tests in C/S

The manufacturer must demonstrate the proper functioning of at least one approved external GNSS receiver in a typical operational setup with the satellite EPIRB by successfully completing test T.007 A.3.8.2.1 During this test, the satellite EPIRB must be fully operational, transmitting both 406 MHz and 121.5 MHz signals through the antenna, to ensure that the EPIRB's signals do not interfere with the GNSS receiver's performance.

If a satellite EPIRB includes an internal navigation device (GNSS receiver) then it shall comply with the following requirements a) The internal navigation device shall comply with the requirements of C/S T.001, 4.5.5.3

The manufacturer must provide a test report from an approved test house confirming that the GNSS receiver in the satellite EPIRB meets specific subclauses of IEC 61108-1 (2003), including static and dynamic position accuracy, acquisition times, short circuit protection, receiver sensitivity, interference immunity, and position updates Compliance with these requirements ensures that the internal navigation device adheres to international standards Additionally, the manufacturer must demonstrate that a cold start is initiated at each beacon activation, ensuring no time or position-dependent data affects GNSS position acquisition Self-check measures within the satellite EPIRB software must prevent erroneous position data from being encoded, with a limit on horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) to avoid errors exceeding 500 meters The equipment manual should guide operators on optimizing self-locating performance and include warnings against obstructing the GNSS antenna's view of the sky Furthermore, the manufacturer must clearly mark the internal navigation device antenna's position on the EPIRB casing, along with a warning to avoid covering this area during use.

Standard for a satellite EPIRB without a float-free mechanism

A non-float-free satellite EPIRB shall meet all the requirements of this standard with the exception of the following sub-clauses and replacement text:

3.3.3 a) The satellite EPIRB shall be automatically activated when floating in the water, irrespective of the settings of any control (see Table 1)

3.3.3 b) The satellite EPIRB shall be capable of repetitive manual activation and manual deactivation

Manual deactivation shall not prevent automatic activation of the satellite EPIRB when manually released from its release mechanism or when floating in the water

The satellite EPIRB must feature a manual release mounting that prevents accidental release during rough seas and includes safeguards against inadvertent activation It should be made from non-corrosive materials to avoid deterioration and potential malfunctions, with galvanizing or metallic coatings being unacceptable Additionally, the mounting and its labels must resist damage from seawater, oil, and prolonged sunlight exposure.

3.5.2 External power or data connection

For the satellite EPIRB requiring external power or data connection, or both, the means of connection shall not inhibit removal from the release mechanism or activation of the satellite

It shall be possible to release and replace the satellite EPIRB manually in the mounting mechanism, without tools

The manual release arrangement shall carry a label or labels indicating clearly at least in

3.12.2 a) the operating instructions for manual release

If the labels are not easily visible in the installed setup, they must be provided near the manual release mechanism Additionally, these instructions can be presented in a pictorial format.

3.13 c) have local manual activation; remote activation may also be provided from the navigating bridge, while the device is installed in the manual release arrangement

If the satellite EPIRB has been tested to the required standard with both a float-free arrangement and a manual release, only additional tests on the manual release need to be conducted with the satellite EPIRB installed.

5.3.1 a), 5.5.1.1, 5.5.1.2 (Manual release only, not EPIRB), 5.5.2 if applicable, 5.5.4, 5.12.2,

5.17.6, 5.17.7, 5.17.9 (Manual release only, not EPIRB), 5.17.10 (Manual release only, not

EPIRB), 5.17.11 (Manual release only, not EPIRB), 5.20

If the satellite EPIRB has not been tested to this standard with a float-free arrangement, both the manual release and the satellite EPIRB must undergo all tests outlined in Clause 5 of this standard, excluding sections 5.2.1 and 5.5.3.

Technical standard for 121,5 MHz homing device

This annex outlines the operational and performance standards, technical specifications, and testing methods for a shipborne 121.5 MHz homing device, integral to the satellite emergency indicating radio beacon utilized in the COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system.

(satellite EPIRB) and described in this standard

D.2.1 (A.810(19), annex, Part A, 2.3.14) Be provided with a 121,5 MHz homing beacon

The 121.5 MHz homing signal must maintain a continuous duty cycle, allowing for interruptions of up to 2 seconds during the transmission of the 406 MHz signal Additionally, it must adhere to the technical characteristics specified by ITU-R, excluding the sweep direction.

Recommendation M.690-1 The sweep may be either upward or downward

D.3 Technical characteristics a) Carrier frequency 121,5 MHz ± 50 ppm b) Peak effective radiated power (PERP) +17 dBm (50 mW) ± 3 dB 1 c) Transmitter duty cycle 100 % (see D.2.2.a)) d) Modulation Amplitude modulated (3K20A3X)

The A3X emission must feature a distinct carrier frequency separate from the modulation sideband components, ensuring that at least 30% of the total power emitted in any transmission cycle, whether modulated or not, is contained within ±30 Hz of the carrier frequency Furthermore, if there is a change in the type of emission during transmission, the carrier frequency should not deviate more than ±30 Hz from its original value.

2) Modulation frequency An audio signal swept upward or downward ≥700 Hz within the range 300 Hz to 1 600 Hz

5) Sweep repetition rate 2 Hz to 4 Hz e) Spurious emissions See Figure D.1 f) Antenna

1) Pattern Essentially omni-directional in the horizontal plane

Tiêu đề	Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) – Part 2: COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRB – Satellite Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon Operating on 406 MHz – Operational and Performance Requirements
Chuyên ngành	Electrical and Electronic Technologies
Thể loại	International Standard
Năm xuất bản	2008
Thành phố	Geneva

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Số trang	48
Dung lượng	1,05 MB