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Tiêu đề Loss of mass test for thermoplastic insulations and sheaths
Trường học International Electrotechnical Commission
Chuyên ngành Electrical and optical fibre cables
Thể loại Standards
Năm xuất bản 2012
Thành phố Geneva
Định dạng
Số trang 30
Dung lượng 290,55 KB

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Cấu trúc

  • 4.1 General (8)
  • 4.2 Test equipment (8)
  • 4.3 Sample and test pieces preparation (9)
  • 4.4 Test procedure (9)
  • 4.5 Measurements (10)
  • 4.6 Expression of results (10)
  • 6.1 General (10)
  • 6.2 Test equipment (10)
  • 6.3 Sample and test pieces preparation (10)
  • 6.4 Test procedure (10)
  • 6.5 Measurements (10)
  • 6.6 Expression of results (11)
  • 4.1 Généralités (20)
  • 4.2 Matériel d’essai (21)
  • 4.3 Echantillon et préparation des éprouvette (21)
  • 4.4 Mode opératoire (22)
  • 4.5 Mesures (22)
  • 4.6 Expression des résultats (22)
  • 6.1 Généralités (22)
  • 6.2 Matériel d’essai (22)
  • 6.3 Echantillon et préparation des éprouvettes (23)
  • 6.4 Mode opératoire (23)
  • 6.5 Mesures (23)
  • 6.6 Expression des résultats (23)

Nội dung

IEC 60811 409 Edition 1 0 2012 03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non metallic materials – Part 409 Miscellaneous tests – Loss of mass[.]

General

This part of IEC 60811 shall be used in conjunction with IEC 60811-100

Unless otherwise specified, all test procedures, except the period in the ageing oven, shall be carried out at room temperature.

Test equipment

The test equipment must include an oven that utilizes either natural air flow or pressurized air flow The design should ensure that air enters the oven, circulates over the surface of the test pieces, and exits near the top.

The oven must achieve between 8 and 20 complete air changes per hour at the designated ageing temperature, as outlined in IEC 60811-401:2012, section 4.2.1 In the event of a disagreement, an oven utilizing natural air circulation should be employed.

Using a rotating fan inside the oven is prohibited An analytical balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg is required Punching dies for dumb-bell test pieces must comply with section 4.2.3 b) of IEC 60811-501:2012 Additionally, a desiccator containing silica gel or a similar material is necessary.

Sample and test pieces preparation

When combining the loss of mass test (4.1 d of IEC 60811-401:2012) with the mechanical test (4.2 of IEC 60811-501:2012), three test pieces must be used, each taken from the core samples that have undergone aging in the air oven as specified in 4.2.3.1 of IEC 60811-401:2012.

Alternatively, three of the other test pieces prepared from each core in accordance with 4.2 of

IEC 60811-501: 2012, may be used, if they are not required for other purposes and if their thickness complies with item c) below

Three samples, each approximately 100 mm long, must be taken from each core or its insulation for testing Each sample should be prepared by removing any coverings and the conductor, as well as mechanically removing any semi-conducting layers on the insulation without the use of solvents The tests will then be conducted on these prepared samples.

1) dumb-bell test pieces illustrated in Figure A.1, whenever practicable,

2) dumb-bell test pieces illustrated in Figure A.2, if the core dimensions are too small to permit dumb-bells according to Figure A.1 to be used,

3) tubular test pieces, as an alternative to dumb-bells, for inner diameters not exceeding

The insulation must have a thickness of 12.5 mm, ensuring that there is no adherent semi-conducting layer on the interior Additionally, any leftover separator should be removed appropriately without the use of solvents.

Tubular test pieces must remain open at both ends Dumb-bell test pieces should be prepared according to IEC 60811-501:2012, section 4.2.3 b), featuring two parallel surfaces along their entire length, with a thickness of (1.0 ± 0.2) mm, and without marker lines Additionally, tubular test pieces must follow the guidelines in section 4.2.3 c) of the same standard, also without marker lines, and each test piece must have a total surface area of at least 5 cm² Flat twin flexible cables with grooves on both sides between the cores should be tested without separating the cores, and for evaporation surface calculations, the twin cable can be treated as two separate tubular pieces.

The surface area, A, in square centimetres, of each test piece shall be determined before conducting the loss of mass test using the formulae as described in Annex A.

Test procedure

The test pieces must be stored in a desiccator at ambient temperature for a minimum of 20 hours After this period, each piece should be accurately weighed in milligrams to one decimal place Subsequently, the three test pieces are to be placed in an oven at atmospheric pressure for 7 days, maintained at a temperature of (80 ± 2) °C, unless specified otherwise.

– compounds of obviously different compositions shall not be tested at the same time in the same oven;

– test pieces shall be suspended vertically in the middle of the oven so that each piece is at least 20 mm from any other piece;

The test pieces must occupy no more than 0.5% of the oven's volume Following the heat treatment, the test pieces should be stored in a desiccator at ambient temperature for an additional 20 hours.

Measurements

Each test piece shall then be re-weighed accurately, in milligrams, to one decimal place

The difference between the weights determined before and after treatment, for each test piece, shall be calculated and rounded off to the nearest milligram to calculate the “weight difference”.

Expression of results

The loss of mass of each test piece shall be determined by dividing its “weight difference” in milligrams, by its surface area (see Annex A) in square centimetres

The loss of mass of the core is determined by the median value of the results obtained from three test pieces, measured in milligrams per square centimeter.

The test report shall be in accordance with that given in IEC 60811-100

6 Loss of mass test for sheaths

General

Unless otherwise specified, all test procedures, except the period in the ageing oven, shall be carried out at room temperature.

Test equipment

The test equipment is described in 4.2.

Sample and test pieces preparation

Three samples of the sheath shall be taken in accordance with 4.3

All constructional elements arranged under (and, if any, over) the sheath shall be removed, taking care not to damage the sheath, and the test pieces prepared in accordance with 4.3.

Test procedure

The test procedure shall be carried out in accordance with 4.4.

Measurements

The surface of evaporation shall be calculated by the formulae given in Annex A.

Expression of results

The expression of results shall be in accordance with that given in 4.6

The test report shall be in accordance with that given in IEC 60811-100

Calculation of the evaporation area

A.1 Calculation for dumb-bell test piece

A.1.1 Dumb-bell test piece, size as Figure A.1

The evaporation area, A, is calculated according to the following formula:

A= cm 2 where δ is the mean thickness of the strips, in millimetres, to two decimal places, determined as specified in 4.2.4 a) of IEC 60811-501:2012

A.1.2 Dumb-bell test piece, size as Figure A.2

The evaporation area, A, is calculated according to the following formula:

A= cm 2 where δ is the mean thickness of the strips, in millimetres, to two decimal places, determined as specified in 4.2.4 a) of IEC 60811-501:2012

A.2 Calculation for tubular test piece

For tubular test pieces, the evaporation area, A, is calculated according to the following formula:

Surface A = outer surface + inner surface + cut surface

A cm 2 where δ is the average thickness of the test piece, in millimetres, to two decimal places if δ ≤ 0,4 mm, and to one decimal place above this limit;

D is the mean outer diameter of the test piece, in millimetres, to two decimal places if

D ≤2 mm, and to one decimal place above this limit;

The length of the test piece, measured in millimeters to one decimal place, is defined by both δ and D, as specified in section 4.4 of IEC 60811-201:2012 and IEC 60811-202:2012 These measurements are taken from a thin slice cut from the end of each tubular test piece.

The formula may be applied also to a tubular test piece having a cross-section as shown in

The surface of evaporation shall be calculated by the formulae given in A.2.1 with the following modification:

The formula for tubular test pieces is specifically applicable to the cross-sections illustrated in Figures A.4 and A.5 To calculate the inner and outer surfaces of evaporation for flat cable sheaths, the dimensions of the sheath's cross-section must be measured in millimeters to two decimal places.

The inner side of flat sheaths, having a wedge-shaped ridge, may be considered as being flat

Figure A.1 – Dumb-bell test piece

Figure A.2 – Small dumb-bell test piece

Figure A.3 – Measurement of insulation thickness (stranded conductor)

Figure A.4 – Measurement of thickness (uneven outer circular profile)

Figure A.5 – Measurement of sheath thickness (irregular inner circular profile)

IEC 60811-3-2:1985, Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables – Part 3: Methods specific to PVC compounds – Section Two – Loss of mass test –

4 Essai de perte de masse des enveloppes isolantes 18

4.3 Echantillon et préparation des éprouvette 19

6 Essai de perte de masse pour les gaines 20

6.3 Echantillon et préparation des éprouvettes 21

Annexe A (normative) Calcul de la surface d’évaporation 22

Figure A.1 – Eprouvette en forme d’haltère 23

Figure A.2 – Petite éprouvette en forme d’haltère 23

Figure A.3 – Mesure de l’épaisseur de l’enveloppe isolante (âme câblée) 24

Figure A.4 – Mesure de l’épaisseur (profil circulaire extérieur irrégulier) 24

Figure A.5 – Mesure de l’épaisseur de la gaine (profil circulaire intérieur irrégulier) 24

CÂBLES ÉLECTRIQUES ET À FIBRES OPTIQUES – MÉTHODES D’ESSAI POUR LES MATÉRIAUX NON-MÉTALLIQUES –

Partie 409: Essais divers – Essai de perte de masse des enveloppes isolantes et gaines thermoplastiques

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a global standards organization comprising national electrotechnical committees Its primary goal is to promote international cooperation in standardization within the fields of electricity and electronics To achieve this, the IEC publishes international standards, technical specifications, technical reports, publicly accessible specifications (PAS), and guides, collectively referred to as "IEC Publications." The development of these publications is entrusted to study committees, which allow participation from any interested national committee Additionally, international, governmental, and non-governmental organizations collaborate with the IEC in its efforts The IEC also works closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) under a mutually agreed framework.

Official decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters aim to establish an international consensus on the topics under consideration, as each study committee includes representatives from the relevant national IEC committees.

The IEC publications are issued as international recommendations and are approved by the national committees of the IEC While the IEC makes every reasonable effort to ensure the technical accuracy of its publications, it cannot be held responsible for any misuse or misinterpretation by end users.

To promote international consistency, the national committees of the IEC commit to transparently applying IEC publications in their national and regional documents as much as possible Any discrepancies between IEC publications and corresponding national or regional publications must be clearly indicated in the latter.

The IEC does not issue any conformity certificates itself Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in certain sectors, have access to IEC conformity marks The IEC is not responsible for any services performed by these independent certification bodies.

6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication

The IEC and its directors, employees, agents, including external experts and members of its study committees and national committees, shall not be held liable for any injuries, damages, or any other losses, whether direct or indirect This includes any costs, such as legal fees, arising from the publication or use of this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publication, or from the credit attributed to it.

8) L'attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication L'utilisation de publications référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication

Attention is drawn to the fact that some elements of this IEC publication may be subject to patent rights The IEC cannot be held responsible for failing to identify such patent rights or for not reporting their existence.

La Norme internationale CEI 60811-409 a été établie par le comité d’études 20 de la CEI:

La présente Partie 409 de la CEI 60811 annule et remplace l’Article 8 de la

CEI 60811-3-2:1985, qui est supprimée L’ensemble des informations relatives aux remplacements figurent dans l’Annexe A de la CEI 60811-100:2012

Aucune modification technique n’a été effectuée par rapport à l’édition précédente; voir cependant l’avant-propos de la CEI 60811-100:2012

Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants:

Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant abouti à l'approbation de cette norme

Cette publication a été rédigée selon les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2

La présente partie de la CEI 60811 doit être utilisée conjointement avec la CEI 60811-100

A comprehensive list of all parts of the IEC 60811 series, published under the general title "Electric and Optical Fiber Cables – Test Methods for Non-Metallic Materials," is available on the IEC website.

The committee has determined that the content of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date specified on the IEC website at "http://webstore.iec.ch" in relation to the sought publication On that date, the publication will be updated.

• remplacée par une édition révisée, ou

The CEI 60811 series outlines the testing methods for non-metallic materials used in all types of cables These testing procedures will be referenced in standards related to cable construction and materials.

NOTE 1 Les matériaux non-métalliques sont généralement utilisés pour l’isolation, le gainage, le matelassage, le remplissage ou le rubanage des câbles

NOTE 2 Ces méthodes d’essai sont reconnues comme fondamentales; elles ont été développées et utilisées durant de nombreuses années, principalement pour les matériaux dans tous les câbles de distribution d’énergie

They have also been widely recognized and utilized for various types of cables, particularly fiber optic cables, communication and control cables, as well as cables used on ships and in offshore applications.

CÂBLES ÉLECTRIQUES ET À FIBRES OPTIQUES – MÉTHODES D’ESSAI POUR LES MATÉRIAUX NON-MÉTALLIQUES –

Partie 409: Essais divers – Essai de perte de masse des enveloppes isolantes et gaines thermoplastiques

La présente Partie 409 de la CEI 60811 décrit la procédure à suivre pour mesurer la perte de masse, généralement applicable aux enveloppes isolantes et aux gaines en PVC

The following documents are referenced normatively, either in whole or in part, within this document and are essential for its application For dated references, only the cited edition is applicable For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies, including any amendments.

CEI 60811-100:2012, Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux non-métalliques – Partie 100: Généralités

CEI 60811-201:2012, Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux non-métalliques – Partie 201: Essais généraux – Mesure de l’épaisseur des enveloppes isolantes

CEI 60811-202:2012, Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux non-métalliques – Partie 202: Essais généraux – Mesure de l’épaisseur des gaines non-métalliques

CEI 60811-401:2012, Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux non-métalliques – Partie 401: Essais externes – Méthodes de vieillissement thermique – Vieillissement en étuve à air

CEI 60811-501:2012, Câbles électriques et à fibres optiques – Méthodes d’essai pour les matériaux non-métalliques – Partie 501: Essais mécaniques – Détermination des propriétés mécaniques des mélanges pour enveloppes isolantes et les gaines

Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans la

4 Essai de perte de masse des enveloppes isolantes

Généralités

La présente partie de la CEI 60811 doit être utilisée conjointement avec la CEI 60811-100

Sauf indication contraire, toutes les procédures d’essai, sauf la période dans le four de vieillissement, doivent être effectuées à température ambiante.

Matériel d’essai

The testing equipment must include an air circulation oven, either natural or under pressure The air should enter the oven in a manner that allows it to flow over the surface of the test specimens and exit near the top of the oven The air within the oven must be completely renewed at least 8 times and no more than 20 times per hour at the specified aging temperature, as outlined in section 4.2.1 of IEC 60811-401:2011 In case of disputes, a natural air circulation oven should be used.

On ne doit pas utiliser de ventilateur tournant à l’intérieur de l’étuve b) Une balance d’analyse d’une sensibilité de 0,1 mg c) Des poinỗons pour ộprouvettes en forme d’haltốre, suivant 4.2.3 b) de la

CEI 60811-501:2011 d) Un dessiccateur avec gel de silice ou matériau similaire.

Echantillon et préparation des éprouvette

If the mass loss test is associated with the mechanical test as per IEC 60811-401:2011 and IEC 60811-501:2011, three samples intended for the aging test in an air oven, specified in section 4.2.3.1, must be selected.

CEI 60811-401:2011 (une pour chaque échantillon de conducteur)

Another option is to take three test specimens prepared from each conductor according to section 4.2 of IEC 60811-501:2011, provided they are not designated for another purpose and their thickness meets the criteria outlined in point c) below.

Three samples, each approximately 100 mm long, must be taken from each conductor or the insulating sheath of the conductor being tested Each sample should be prepared as specified, which includes removing any outer coatings if present The core and any semiconductor coatings on the insulating sheath must be mechanically removed, without the use of solvents The testing must then be conducted on these prepared samples.

1) les éprouvettes en forme d’haltère représentées à la Figure A.1, chaque fois que cette préparation est possible,

2) les éprouvettes en forme d’haltère représentées à la Figure A.2, si le diamètre du conducteur est trop petit pour permettre l’emploi des éprouvettes selon la Figure A.1,

Tubular test specimens can be used as an alternative to dumbbell-shaped specimens if the inner diameter of the conductor does not exceed 12.5 mm, provided there is no semiconductor coating inside the insulating sheath Additionally, any remaining separator must be removed properly without the use of solvents.

The ends of tubular specimens must remain unobstructed Dumbbell-shaped specimens should be prepared according to section 4.2.3 b) of IEC 60811-501:2011, ensuring that the faces are parallel along their entire length, with a thickness of (1.0 ± 0.2) mm, and without the need for reference marks Tubular specimens must be prepared as specified in section 4.2.3 c).

CEI 60811-501:2011, sans traits de repère La surface totale A de chaque éprouvette (voir

Annex A must have a minimum area of 5 cm² Flexible flat cables with a groove between the two conductors on each side should be tested without separating the conductors For calculating its evaporation surface, the flat cable can be considered as two distinct tubular elements.

La surface, A, en centimètres carrés, de chaque éprouvette doit être calculée avant d’effectuer l’essai de perte de masse, en utilisant les formules décrites dans l’Annexe A.

Mode opératoire

The prepared test tubes should be placed in a desiccator at room temperature for at least 20 hours Immediately after removal from the desiccator, each test tube must be accurately weighed in milligrams, with one decimal place Subsequently, unless otherwise specified, the three test tubes should be maintained in the oven at atmospheric pressure for 7 days at a temperature of (80 ± 2) °C under the specified conditions.

– des mélanges de compositions nettement différentes ne doivent pas être essayés en même temps dans la même étuve;

– les éprouvettes doivent être suspendues verticalement au milieu de l’étuve, chacune séparée d’au moins 20 mm de toute autre éprouvette;

The volume occupied by the test specimens must not exceed 0.5% of the oven's total volume After the thermal treatment, the specimens should be placed back in a desiccator at room temperature for 20 hours.

Mesures

Chaque éprouvette doit ensuite être repesée avec précision, en milligrammes, avec une décimale

For each test tube, the difference between the masses measured before and after treatment must be calculated and rounded to the nearest milligram to determine the "mass difference."

Expression des résultats

La perte de masse de chaque éprouvette doit être déterminée en divisant sa “différence de masse” en milligrammes, par sa surface (voir Annexe A) en centimètres carrés

La valeur médiane des résultats sur les trois éprouvettes prélevées sur chaque conducteur, exprimée en milligrammes par centimètre carré, doit être retenue comme perte de masse du conducteur considéré

Le rapport d’essai doit être conforme aux spécifications de la CEI 60811-100

6 Essai de perte de masse pour les gaines

Généralités

Sauf indication contraire toutes les procédures d’essais, sauf la période dans le four de vieillissement, seront effectuées à la pièce température.

Matériel d’essai

Le matériel d’essai est décrit en 4.2.

Echantillon et préparation des éprouvettes

Trois échantillons de gaine doivent être prélevés comme indiqué en 4.3

All components beneath the sheath (and above, if present) must be removed carefully to avoid damaging the sheath, and the samples should be prepared as specified in section 4.3.

Mode opératoire

Le mode opératoire doit être conforme à 4.4.

Mesures

La surface d’évaporation doit être calculée en appliquant les formules données dans l’Annexe A.

Expression des résultats

L’expression des résultats doit être conforme aux indications de 4.6

Le rapport d’essai doit être conforme aux spécifications de la CEI 60811-100

Calcul de la surface d’évaporation

A.1 Calcul pour les éprouvettes en forme d’haltère

A.1.1 Eprouvette en forme d’haltère selon la Figure A.1

La surface d’évaporation, A, est calculée en appliquant la formule suivante:

A= cm 2 ó δ est l’épaisseur moyenne des bandes, en millimètres, avec deux décimales, déterminée selon les spécifications de 4.2.4 a) de la CEI 60811-501:2011

A.1.2 Eprouvette en forme d’haltère selon la Figure A.2

La surface d’évaporation, A, est calculée en appliquant la formule suivante:

A= cm 2 ó δ est l’épaisseur moyenne des bandes, en millimètres, avec deux décimales, déterminée selon les spécifications de 4.2.4 a) de la CEI 60811-501: 2011

A.2 Calcul pour les éprouvettes tubulaires

Pour les éprouvettes tubulaires, la surface d’évaporation, A, est calculée en appliquant les formules suivantes:

Surface A = surface extérieure + surface intérieure + surface des tranches

A cm 2 ó δ est l’épaisseur moyenne de l’éprouvette, en millimètres, avec deux décimales, δ ≤ 0,4 mm, et une décimale pour les épaisseurs supérieures;

D est le diamètre extérieur moyen de l’éprouvette, en millimètres, avec deux décimales si D ≤ 2 mm, et une décimale pour les diamètres supérieurs;

 est la longueur de l’éprouvette, en millimètres, avec une décimale; δ et D étant mesurés comme spécifié dans la méthode d’essai de 4.4 de la CEI 60811-201:

2011 et de 4.4 de la CEI 60811-202: 2011 sur une tranche mince coupée à l’extrémité de chaque éprouvette tubulaire

La formule peut aussi être appliquée aux éprouvettes tubulaires dont la section est celle qui est indiquée à la Figure A.3

La surface d’évaporation doit être calculée en appliquant les formules données en A.2.1 avec les modifications suivantes:

The formula provided for tubular specimens is applicable only to the sections illustrated in Figures A.4 and A.5 The internal and external evaporation surfaces of flat cable sheaths must be calculated based on the sheath section dimensions, which should be measured in millimeters with two decimal places.

La face interne des gaines méplates présentant une arête triangulaire peut être considérée comme plate

Figure A.1 – Eprouvette en forme d’haltère

Figure A.2 – Petite éprouvette en forme d’haltère

Figure A.3 – Mesure de l’épaisseur de l’enveloppe isolante (âme câblée)

Figure A.4 – Mesure de l’épaisseur (profil circulaire extérieur irrégulier)

Figure A.5 – Mesure de l’épaisseur de la gaine (profil circulaire intérieur irrégulier)

CEI 60811-3-2:1985, Méthodes d'essais communes pour les matériaux d'isolation et de gainage des câbles électriques – Troisième partie: Méthodes spécifiques pour les mélanges

PVC Section 2 – Essai de perte de masse – Essai de stabilité thermique

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