Bsi bs en 61010 1 2010 (2011)

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 62262 - Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts IK code EN 62262 - IEC Guide 1

Scope

Equipment included in scope

IEC 61010 outlines essential safety requirements for various types of electrical equipment and their accessories, applicable in all intended usage scenarios, including electrical test and measurement equipment.

Electromagnetic equipment is used to test, measure, indicate, or record various electrical and physical quantities This category also includes non-measuring devices such as signal generators, measurement standards, laboratory power supplies, transducers, and transmitters.

NOTE 1 This includes bench-top power supplies intended to aid a testing or measuring operation on another piece of equipment Power supplies intended to power equipment are within the scope of IEC 61558 (see 1.1.2 h))

This standard also applies to test equipment integrated into manufacturing processes and intended for testing manufactured devices

NOTE 2 Manufacturing test equipment is likely to be installed adjacent to and interconnected with industrial machinery in this application b) Electrical industrial process-control equipment

This equipment regulates one or more output quantities to predetermined values, which can be set manually, programmed locally or remotely, or influenced by various input variables It is commonly used in electrical laboratory settings.

This is equipment which measures, indicates, monitors, inspects or analyses materials, or is used to prepare materials, and includes in vitro diagnostic (IVD) equipment

This equipment is versatile and can be utilized beyond laboratory settings, such as self-test in vitro diagnostic (IVD) devices for home use and inspection tools for assessing individuals or materials during transportation.

Equipment excluded from scope

This standard is not applicable to equipment covered by the following IEC standards: IEC 60065 for audio and video apparatus, IEC 60204 for the safety of machinery's electrical equipment, IEC 60335 for household and similar electrical appliances, IEC 60364 for electrical installations in buildings, IEC 60439 for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies, and IEC 60601 for medical electrical equipment.

The article references several important IEC standards relevant to information technology and electrical equipment These include IEC 60950, which pertains to information technology equipment, IEC 61558 for power transformers and supply units, IEC 61010-031 concerning hand-held probe assemblies, and IEC 61243-3, which focuses on voltage detectors for live working applications.

Computing equipment

This standard applies only to computers, processors, etc which form part of equipment within the scope of this standard or are designed for use exclusively with the equipment

Computing devices that meet the requirements of IEC 60950 are deemed appropriate for use with equipment covered by this standard However, it is important to note that certain moisture and liquid resistance requirements in IEC 60950 are not as rigorous as those specified in this standard.

Object

Aspects included in scope

The purpose of the requirements of this standard is to ensure that HAZARDS to the OPERATOR and the surrounding area are reduced to a tolerable level

The requirements for protection against specific hazards are outlined in Clauses 6 to 13, which address various risks: Clause 6 focuses on electric shock or burn, Clauses 7 and 8 cover mechanical hazards, Clause 9 discusses the prevention of fire spread from equipment, Clause 10 addresses excessive temperature, Clause 11 examines the effects of fluids and fluid pressure, Clause 12 considers radiation effects, including lasers and sonic pressures, and Clause 13 deals with liberated gases, explosions, and implosions.

Requirements for protection against HAZARDS arising from REASONABLY FORESEEABLE MISUSE and ergonomic factors are specified in Clause 16

R ISK assessment for HAZARDS or environments not fully covered above is specified in Clause 17

NOTE Attention is drawn to the existence of additional requirements regarding the health and safety of labour forces.

Aspects excluded from scope

This standard excludes certain aspects, including the reliable function and performance of equipment unrelated to safety, the effectiveness of transport packaging, EMC requirements as outlined in the IEC 61326 series, and protective measures for explosive atmospheres referenced in the IEC 60079 series.

Verification

This standard also specifies methods of verifying that the equipment meets the requirements of this standard, through inspection, TYPE TESTS , ROUTINE TESTS, and RISK assessment

Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 30/11/2011 06:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Environmental conditions

Normal environmental conditions

This standard is applicable to equipment intended for safe operation under specific conditions, including indoor use, altitudes up to 2,000 meters, and temperatures ranging from 5 °C to 40 °C It also accounts for a maximum relative humidity of 80% at temperatures up to 31 °C, decreasing linearly to 50% at 40 °C Additionally, the standard addresses mains supply voltage fluctuations of up to ±10% of the nominal voltage and transient overvoltages that align with Overvoltage Category II levels.

NOTE 1 These levels of transient overvoltage are typical for equipment supplied from the building wiring g) TEMPORARY OVERVOLTAGES occurring on the MAINS supply h) applicable POLLUTION DEGREE of the intended environment (POLLUTION DEGREE 2 in most cases)

NOTE 2 Manufacturers may specify more restricted environmental conditions for operation; nevertheless the equipment must be safe within these normal environmental conditions.

Extended environmental conditions

This standard is applicable to equipment that is designed to ensure safety under specific environmental conditions, as outlined in section 1.4.1, as well as under various additional conditions specified by the manufacturer These conditions include outdoor usage, altitudes exceeding 2,000 meters, ambient temperatures ranging from below 5 °C to above 40 °C, relative humidity levels surpassing those mentioned in section 1.4.1, mains supply voltage fluctuations greater than ±10% of the nominal voltage, wet locations, and transient overvoltages up to the levels defined in Overvoltage Category III or IV, as detailed in Annex K.

The referenced documents are essential for the application of this document For dated references, only the specified edition is relevant, while for undated references, the most recent edition, including any amendments, is applicable.

IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology

IEC 60065, Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus – Safety requirements

IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature IEC 60068-2-75, Environmental testing – Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests

IEC 60073, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification – Coding principles for indicators and actuators

IEC 60227 (all parts), Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including

IEC 60245 (all parts), Rubber insulated cables – Rated voltages up to and including

IEC 60309 (all parts), Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for industrial purposes

IEC 60320 (all parts), Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes

IEC 60332-1-2, Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions – Part 1-2: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable – Procedure for 1 kW pre- mixed flame

IEC 60332-2-2, Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions – Part 2-2: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single small insulated wire or cable – Procedure for diffustion flame

IEC 60335-2-24, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-24: Particular requirements for refrigerating appliances, ice-cream appliances and ice-makers

IEC 60335-2-89, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-89: Particular requirements for commercial refrigerating appliances with an incorporated or remote refrigerant condensing unit or compressor

IEC 60364-4-44, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-44: Protection for safety – Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances

IEC 60405, Nuclear instrumentation – Constructional requirements and classification of radiometric gauges

IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment

IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

IEC 60664-3, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 3: Use of coating, potting or moulding for protection against pollution

IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods

IEC 60799, Electrical accessories – Cord sets and interconnection cord sets

IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements IEC 60947-1, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: General rules

IEC 60947-3, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units

IEC 61010-031, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – Part 031: Safety requirements for hand-held probe assemblies for electrical measurement and test

IEC 61180 (all parts), High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment

IEC 61180-1, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Part 1: Definitions, test and procedure requirements

IEC 61180-2, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Part 2: Test equipment

IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 1: Specifications

IEC 61672-2, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 2: Pattern evaluation tests

IEC 62262, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external impacts (IK code)

IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications

ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards

ISO 306:1994, Plastics – Thermoplastic materials – Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST)

ISO 361, Basic ionizing radiation symbol

ISO 3746, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure – Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane

ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment

ISO 9614-1, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity – Part 1: Measurement at discrete points

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

Equipment and states of equipment

FIXED EQUIPMENT equipment fastened to a support, or otherwise secured in a specific location

PERMANENTLY CONNECTED EQUIPMENT equipment that is electrically connected to a supply by means of a permanent connection which can be detached only by the use of a TOOL

PORTABLE EQUIPMENT equipment intended to be carried by hand

PORTABLE EQUIPMENT intended to be supported by one hand during NORMAL USE

TOOL external device, including keys and coins, used to aid a person to perform a mechanical function

DIRECT PLUG - IN EQUIPMENT equipment with a MAINS plug that is attached to the equipment housing without the use of a

MAINS supply cord so that the equipment is supported by the MAINS socket-outlet

Parts and accessories

TERMINAL component provided for the connection of a device to external conductors

NOTE T ERMINALS can contain one or several contacts and the term therefore includes sockets, connectors, etc

A terminal is an electrical connection point within a measuring or control circuit, or part of a screening system, designed to be earthed for functional purposes beyond safety.

NOTE For measuring equipment, this TERMINAL is often called the measuring earth TERMINAL

TERMINAL which is bonded to conductive parts of equipment for safety purposes and is intended to be connected to an external protective earthing system

ENCLOSURE part providing protection of equipment against certain external influences and, in any direction, protection against direct contact

NOTE E NCLOSURES may also provide protection against the spread of fire (see 9.3.2 c))

PROTECTIVE BARRIER part providing protection against direct contact from any usual direction of access

NOTE Depending on its construction, a PROTECTIVE BARRIER can be called a casing, cover, screen, door, guard, etc

A protective barrier is effective only when properly positioned, but it can also work alongside an interlocking device, with or without guard locking, to provide consistent protection regardless of the barrier's position.

Quantities

RATED (value) quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a component, device or equipment

RATING set of RATED values and operating conditions

WORKING VOLTAGE highest r.m.s value of the a.c or d.c voltage across any particular insulation which can occur when the equipment is supplied at RATED voltage

NOTE 1 Transients and voltage fluctuations are not considered to be part of the WORKING VOLTAGE

NOTE 2 Both open-circuit conditions and normal operating conditions are taken into account.

Tests

A type test evaluates one or more samples of equipment or its components, ensuring that the design and construction comply with specific standards and requirements.

NOTE This is an amplification of the IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-16 definition to cover design as well as construction

ROUTINE TEST conformity test made on each individual item during or after manufacture

Safety terms

ACCESSIBLE (of a part) able to be touched with a standard test finger or test pin, when used as specified in 6.2

HAZARD potential source of harm

HAZARDOUS LIVE capable of rendering an electric shock or electric burn

MAINS low-voltage electricity supply system to which the equipment concerned is designed to be connected for the purpose of powering the equipment

MAINS CIRCUIT circuit which is intended to be directly connected to the MAINS for the purpose of powering the equipment

PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE component or assembly of components whose impedance, construction and reliability are suitable to provide protection against electric shock

PROTECTIVE BONDING electrical connection of ACCESSIBLE conductive parts or protective screening to provide electrical continuity to the means for connection of an external protective conductor

NORMAL USE operation, including stand-by, according to the instructions for use or for the obvious intended purpose

NORMAL CONDITION condition in which all means for protection against HAZARDS are intact

SINGLE FAULT CONDITION condition in which one means for protection against HAZARD is defective or one fault is present which could cause a HAZARD

NOTE If a SINGLE FAULT CONDITION results unavoidably in one or more other fault conditions, all the failures are considered as one SINGLE FAULT CONDITION [IEC Guide 104]

OPERATOR person operating equipment for its intended purpose

RESPONSIBLE BODY individual or group responsible for the safe use and maintenance of equipment

A wet location is defined as an area where water or another conductive liquid may be present, potentially reducing the impedance of the human body This occurs due to the wetting of the contact points between the human body and the equipment, as well as between the human body and the surrounding environment.

REASONABLY FORESEEABLE MISUSE use of a product in a way not intended by the supplier, but which may result from readily predictable human behaviour

RISK combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm

RISK which is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society

OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY numeral defining a TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGE condition (see Annex K)

TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGE short duration overvoltage of a few milliseconds or less, oscillatory or non-oscillatory, usually highly damped

TEMPORARY OVERVOLTAGE power frequency overvoltage of relatively long duration

Insulation

BASIC INSULATION insulation of HAZARDOUS LIVE parts which provides basic protection

NOTE B ASIC INSULATION may serve also for functional purposes

SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION independent insulation applied in addition to BASIC INSULATION in order to provide protection against electric shock in the event of a failure of BASIC INSULATION

DOUBLE INSULATION insulation comprising both BASIC INSULATION and SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION

REINFORCED INSULATION insulation which provides protection against electric shock not less than that provided by

NOTE R EINFORCED INSULATION may be composed of several layers which cannot be tested singly as SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION or BASIC INSULATION

POLLUTION addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid or gaseous (ionized gases), that may produce a reduction of dielectric strength or surface resistivity

POLLUTION DEGREE numeral indicating the level of POLLUTION that may be present in the environment

POLLUTION DEGREE 1 no POLLUTION or only dry, non-conductive POLLUTION occurs, which has no influence

POLLUTION DEGREE 2 only non-conductive POLLUTION occurs except that occasionally a temporary conductivity caused by condensation is expected

POLLUTION DEGREE 3 conductive POLLUTION occurs, or dry, non-conductive POLLUTION occurs which becomes conductive due to condensation which is expected

NOTE In such conditions, equipment is normally protected against exposure to direct sunlight, precipitation, and full wind pressure, but neither temperature nor humidity is controlled

POLLUTION DEGREE 4 continuous conductivity occurs due to conductive dust, rain or other wet conditions

CLEARANCE shortest distance in air between two conductive parts

CREEPAGE DISTANCE shortest distance along the surface of a solid insulating material between two conductive parts

General

The standard mandates TYPE TESTS on equipment or part samples to verify that their design and construction comply with the specified requirements Additionally, manufacturers are required to conduct ROUTINE TESTS, as outlined in Annex F, on 100% of the equipment produced that contains both HAZARDOUS LIVE parts and ACCESSIBLE conductive parts.

The equipment must meet or exceed the specified requirements of this standard If a lower limit is set for a conformity value, the equipment can show a higher value, while if an upper limit is defined, a lower value is acceptable.

Subassemblies that comply with the relevant standards outlined in this standard do not require retesting during the TYPE TESTS of the entire equipment, provided they are used in accordance with those standards.

Compliance with this standard is verified through the execution of all relevant tests, although a test may be excluded if a thorough review of the equipment and design documentation clearly indicates that the equipment would successfully pass the test Testing is conducted under both reference conditions and fault conditions.

Conformity statements in this standard necessitate inspection, which may involve measuring the equipment, reviewing its markings, assessing the supplied instructions, and examining the data sheets of the materials or components used in its manufacture.

The inspection will confirm whether the equipment complies with the relevant standards or if additional testing is necessary.

When conducting a conformity test, it is crucial to address any uncertainty regarding the exact value of an applied or measured quantity, such as voltage Manufacturers must guarantee that the specified test value is met, while test houses should ensure that the applied value does not exceed the specified limit.

Sequence of tests

The sequence of tests is optional unless stated otherwise, and the equipment must be thoroughly inspected after each test If a test result raises concerns about the validity of previous tests had the order been reversed, those earlier tests must be repeated.

Testing in SINGLE FAULT CONDITION

General

To ensure safety, it is essential to examine the equipment and its circuit diagram to identify potential fault conditions that may lead to hazards Fault tests must be conducted as specified to verify conformity, unless it can be proven that a specific fault condition poses no risk Additionally, the equipment should be tested under the least favorable reference conditions, which may vary for different faults, and all combinations must be documented for each test.

Application of fault conditions

Fault conditions must adhere to the specifications outlined in sections 4.4.2.2 to 4.4.2.14 Each fault should be applied individually and in any convenient sequence Simultaneous multiple faults are not permitted unless they result from an already applied fault.

NOTE For example, fans may be stopped one fan at a time unless they share a common power or control source

In that case, the common fans should be stopped simultaneously by interrupting the power or control source

After each application of a fault condition, the equipment or part shall pass the applicable tests of 4.4.4

When assessing PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE formed by multiple components, each component must be short-circuited or disconnected, depending on which option is less favorable In cases where PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE is created by BASIC INSULATION combined with a current- or voltage-limiting device, both elements must undergo single fault testing individually During this process, BASIC INSULATION should be bridged, while the current- or voltage-limiting device must be short-circuited or disconnected, again based on the less favorable option However, if PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE is established with a single component that complies with the requirements of section 6.5.4, it does not require short-circuiting or disconnection.

The protective conductor shall be interrupted, except for PERMANENTLY CONNECTED EQUIPMENT and equipment utilizing a connector meeting the requirements of IEC 60309

4.4.2.4 Equipment or parts for short-term or intermittent operation

These shall be operated continuously if continuous operation could occur in a SINGLE FAULT CONDITION Individual parts may include motors, relays, other electromagnetic devices and heaters

Motors shall be stopped while fully energized or prevented from starting, whichever is less favourable

One supply phase of any multi-phase motor shall be interrupted while the motor is operating at its intended full load

Capacitors (except for self-healing capacitors) in the auxiliary winding circuits of motors shall be short-circuited

The secondary windings of MAINS transformers shall be short-circuited as specified in 4.4.2.7.2, and overloaded as specified in 4.4.2.7.3

A transformer damaged during one test may be repaired or replaced before the next test Tests for MAINS transformers tested as separate components are specified in 14.6

In normal use, each untapped output winding and each section of a tapped output winding must be tested individually to simulate short circuits in the load During these tests, overcurrent protection devices should remain in place, while all other windings are either loaded or unloaded, depending on which load condition is less favorable in normal use.

Each untapped output winding and each section of a tapped output winding is sequentially overloaded, while the remaining windings may be either loaded or unloaded, depending on the specific load conditions.

NORMAL USE is less favourable If any overloads arise from testing in the fault conditions of 4.4, secondary windings shall be subjected to those overloads

Overloading is achieved by connecting a variable resistor across the winding, which should be adjusted promptly After one minute, the resistor may be readjusted if necessary to maintain the appropriate overload, but no additional adjustments are allowed thereafter.

If overcurrent protection is provided by a current-breaking device, the overload test current is the maximum current which the overcurrent protection device is just capable of passing for

1 h Before the test, the device is replaced by a link with negligible impedance If this value cannot be derived from the specification, it is to be established by test

In equipment designed to reduce output voltage upon reaching a specific overload current, the overload is gradually increased until it approaches the threshold that triggers the voltage collapse.

In all other cases, the loading is the maximum power output obtainable from the transformer

Transformers with overtemperature protection which meets the requirements of 14.3 during the short-circuit test of 4.4.2.7.2 need not be subjected to overload tests

Outputs shall be short-circuited one at a time

4.4.2.9 Equipment for more than one supply

Equipment which is designed to be operated from more than one type of supply shall be simultaneously connected to these supplies, unless this is prevented by the construction

Equipment cooling must be limited to one fault at a time, which includes closing air-holes with filters, stopping forced cooling from motor-driven fans, halting cooling through the circulation of water or other coolants, and simulating the loss of cooling liquid.

In equipment with heating devices, faults must be addressed individually: first, timers that restrict the heating duration should be bypassed to allow continuous operation of the heating circuit; second, temperature controllers, excluding overtemperature protection devices that comply with section 14.3, must also be overridden to enable continuous energization of the heating circuit.

4.4.2.12 Insulation between circuits and parts

To prevent the spread of fire, it is essential to bridge insulation between circuits and components that fall below the BASIC INSULATION level when employing the method outlined in 9.1 a).

An interlock system designed for operator protection must ensure that each component is either short-circuited or open-circuited sequentially This mechanism is crucial for preventing access to hazards when a cover is removed without the use of a tool.

Voltage selectors must be configured by the OPERATOR for each RATED supply voltage, ensuring that the equipment is connected to all corresponding RATED supply circuits for optimal performance.

Duration of tests

The equipment shall be operated until further change as a result of the applied fault is unlikely Each test is normally limited to 1 h since a secondary fault arising from a SINGLE

FAULT CONDITION will usually manifest itself within that time If there is an indication that a

HAZARD of electric shock, spread of fire or injury to persons may eventually occur, the test shall be continued for 4 h unless one of these HAZARDS arises before then

To ensure safety, devices that interrupt or limit current during operation must be included to control the temperature of easily touchable parts It is essential to measure the maximum temperature of these parts, regardless of whether the device is functioning.

In the event of a fault that causes a fuse to open, it is crucial to measure the current through the fuse if it does not operate within approximately 1 second The evaluation of the fuse's pre-arcing time/current characteristics is necessary to determine if the minimum operating current is achieved and to assess the maximum time before the fuse activates It is important to note that the current flowing through the fuse can change over time.

If the minimum operating current of the fuse is not achieved during testing, the equipment must be operated for a duration that matches the maximum fusing time or continuously for the specified period in section 4.4.3.1, with the fuse replaced by a short-circuit.

Conformity after application of fault conditions

To ensure compliance with electric shock protection requirements after single faults, it is essential to conduct specific checks First, measurements outlined in section 6.3.2 must be taken to verify that no accessible conductive parts have become hazardous live Additionally, a voltage test should be performed on double insulation or reinforced insulation to confirm that the protection level remains at least at the basic insulation standard These voltage tests are conducted as specified in sections 6.7 and 6.8, without humidity preconditioning, using the appropriate test voltage.

BASIC INSULATION ; c) by measuring the temperature of transformer windings if the protection against electrical

HAZARDS is achieved by DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED INSULATION within the transformer The temperatures of Table 20 shall not be exceeded

Conformity with requirements for temperature protection is checked by determining the temperature of the outer surface of the ENCLOSURE and of parts which can easily be touched (See Clause 10)

To ensure compliance with fire protection requirements, equipment is placed on white tissue paper over a softwood surface and covered with cheesecloth It is crucial that no molten metal, burning insulation, or flaming particles come into contact with the surface beneath the equipment, and there should be no charring, glowing, or flaming of the tissue paper or cheesecloth Additionally, the melting of insulation material is permissible as long as it does not pose any hazard.

Conformity with other requirements for protection against HAZARDS is checked as specified in Clauses 7 to 16

Marking

General

Equipment must display markings as outlined in sections 5.1.2 to 5.2 These markings should be visible from the outside or accessible after removing a cover or opening a door without tools, provided that such actions are intended for operator access Additionally, markings relevant to the entire equipment should not be placed on components that can be removed by an operator without the use of tools.

For rack- or panel-mounted equipment, markings are permitted to be on a surface that becomes visible after removal of the equipment from the rack or panel

According to IEC 60027, letter symbols for quantities and units must be used as specified, while graphic symbols should adhere to the guidelines in Table 1 where applicable There are no specific color requirements for these symbols, and it is essential that graphic symbols are clearly explained in the accompanying documentation.

NOTE 1 IEC or ISO symbols should be used if available

NOTE 2 Markings should not be on the bottom of the equipment, except on HAND - HELD EQUIPMENT or where space is limited

Conformity is checked by inspection.

Identification

The equipment must be clearly marked with the manufacturer's or supplier's name or trademark, along with a model number or other identification method In cases where the same model number is produced at multiple locations, each unit must also indicate its specific manufacturing location for proper identification.

NOTE The marking of factory location may be in code and need not be on the equipment exterior

M AINS supply

The equipment shall be marked with the following information a) Nature of supply:

1) a.c.: RATED MAINS frequency or range of frequencies;

NOTE 1 For information purposes it may be useful to mark – equipment intended for a.c with symbol 2 of Table 1;

– equipment suitable for both a.c and d.c with symbol 3 of Table 1;

– equipment for three-phase supply with symbol 4 of Table 1 b) The RATED supply voltage(s) or the RATED range of supply voltages

NOTE 2 RATED voltage fluctuations may also be marked c) The maximum RATED power in watts (active power) or volt-amperes (apparent power), or the maximum RATED input current, with all accessories or plug-in modules connected If the equipment can be used on more than one voltage range, separate values shall be

Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 30/11/2011 06:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI specifies that each voltage range must be marked unless the maximum and minimum values differ by no more than 20% of the mean value, with the marked value not falling below 90% of the maximum value Additionally, equipment that can be adjusted by an OPERATOR for different RATED supply voltages must include a means to indicate the voltage setting.

Portable equipment must have visible indications from the exterior If the supply voltage setting can be changed without a tool, the indication should automatically update to reflect this change Accessory mains socket-outlets that accept standard plugs must be labeled with the voltage if it differs from the mains supply voltage For outlets designated for specific equipment, clear identification is required If not, the maximum rated current or power must be marked, or symbol 14 from Table 1 should be placed next to the outlet, with full details provided in the documentation.

Conformity is verified through inspection and by measuring power or input current as specified in marking 5.1.3 c) Measurements are conducted under maximum power consumption conditions, ensuring that initial inrush currents are excluded by waiting for the current to stabilize, typically after one minute Transient currents are not considered in this assessment.

3 IEC 60417-5033 (2002-10) Both direct and alternating current

4 IEC 60417-5032-1 (2002-10) Three-phase alternating current

7 IEC 60417-5020 (2002-10) Frame or chassis TERMINAL

11 IEC 60417-5172 (2003-02) Equipment protected throughout by DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED INSULATION

12 Caution, possibility of electric shock

15 IEC 60417-5268 (2002-10) In position of a bi-stable push control

16 IEC 60417-5269 (2002-10) Out position of a bi-stable push control

17 ISO 361 Ionizing radiation a See 5.4.1 which requires manufacturers to state that documentation must be consulted in all cases where this symbol is marked.

Fuses

For any fuse which may be replaced by an OPERATOR, there shall be a marking beside the fuseholder, which will enable the OPERATOR to identify the correct replacement fuse (see 5.4.5)

T ERMINALS , connections and operating devices

For safety purposes, it is essential to clearly indicate the functions of TERMINALS, connectors, controls, and indicators, including any fluid connections like gas, water, and drainage In cases where space is limited, symbol 14 from Table 1 can be utilized.

NOTE 1 For additional information, see IEC 60445 and IEC 60447

NOTE 2 Individual pins of multi-pin connectors need not be marked

Emergency stop devices, including push-buttons and actuators, as well as warning indicators, must be red and coded according to IEC 60073 Additionally, if the color signifies safety concerns for individuals or the environment, supplementary coding methods are required, as outlined in IEC 60073.

NOTE 3 National authorities may require that equipment used in certain environments meet the man-machine interface requirements pertinent to that environment

Conformity is checked by inspection

TERMINALS for connection to the MAINS supply shall be identifiable

Terminals must be clearly marked according to specific guidelines: a) Functional Earth Terminals should display symbol 5 from Table 1; b) Protective Conductor Terminals must use symbol 6 from Table 1, unless they are part of an approved mains appliance inlet, in which case the symbol should be placed on or near the terminal; c) Control circuit terminals that can connect to accessible conductive parts, as permitted by section 6.6.3, should be marked with symbol 7 from Table 1 unless the connection is self-evident.

The warning symbol indicates that a HAZARDOUS LIVE voltage must not be connected to the TERMINAL, especially to prevent inadvertent connections by an OPERATOR This applies to TERMINALS that are supplied from within the equipment and are HAZARDOUS LIVE, including specific voltage, current, charge, or energy values as outlined in symbol 14 of Table 1 However, this requirement does not extend to standard MAINS supply outlets.

Switches and circuit-breakers

If the power supply switch or circuit-breaker is used as the disconnecting device, the off- position shall be clearly marked

NOTE It is recommended that the on-position also be marked

Symbols 9 and 10 of Table 1 can, in some cases, also be suitable as the device identification (see 6.11.3.1 c)) A lamp alone is not considered to be a satisfactory marking

When utilizing a push-button switch for power supply, symbols 9 and 15 from Table 1 can signify the on-position, while symbols 10 and 16 indicate the off-position, ensuring that the corresponding pairs of symbols are placed in close proximity.

Equipment protected by DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED

Equipment which is only partially protected by DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED INSULATION shall not be marked with symbol 11 of Table 1

NOTE Equipment protected throughout by DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED INSULATION may be marked with symbol 11 of Table 1

Field-wiring TERMINAL boxes

If the temperature of the terminals or enclosure of a field-wiring terminal box exceeds 60 °C under normal conditions at an ambient temperature of 40 °C, or at the maximum rated ambient temperature if higher, a warning marking must be provided This marking should advise the installer to consult the installation instructions before determining the temperature rating of the cable to be connected It must be visible before and during the connection process or placed adjacent to the terminals, with Symbol 14 being an acceptable marking.

Conformity, in case of doubt, is checked by measurement as specified in 10.3 a) and, if applicable, by inspection of markings.

Warning markings

Warning markings specified in 5.1.5.2 c), 6.1.2 b), 6.6.2, 7.3.2 b) 3), 7.4, 10.1 and 13.2.2 shall meet the following requirements

Warning markings must be clearly visible when the equipment is in NORMAL USE If a warning pertains to a specific component, the marking should be located on or near that component.

Warning markings must adhere to specific size requirements: symbols should be a minimum of 2.75 mm in height, while text must be at least 1.5 mm high and should contrast in color with the background Additionally, symbols or text that are molded, stamped, or engraved in a material must have a height of at least 2.0 mm.

If not contrasting in colour, they shall have a depth or raised height of at least 0,5 mm

To maintain the protection provided by the equipment, the RESPONSIBLE BODY or OPERATOR must refer to the documentation, which should be indicated by symbol 14 from Table 1 However, symbol 14 is not mandatory if other safety symbols are utilized and adequately explained in the documentation.

When the usage instructions allow an OPERATOR to access a potentially HAZARDOUS LIVE part with a TOOL, it is essential to include a warning label This label must clearly indicate that the equipment should be isolated or disconnected from the HAZARDOUS LIVE voltage prior to any access.

Durability of markings

Required markings shall remain clear and legible under conditions of NORMAL USE and shall resist the effects of the cleaning agents specified by the manufacturer

To ensure conformity, a durability test is conducted on the external markings of the equipment This involves gently rubbing the markings for 30 seconds with a cloth dampened with the designated cleaning agent, or, in the absence of a specified agent, with 70% isopropyl alcohol.

After the above treatment the markings shall be clearly legible and adhesive labels shall not have worked loose or become curled at the edges.

Documentation

General

The necessary safety documentation for the equipment must be provided to the OPERATOR or RESPONSIBLE BODY, including details such as the intended use, technical specifications, and the manufacturer's contact information for technical assistance It should also encompass risk mitigation strategies following a risk assessment, specify that only manufacturer-approved accessories are to be used, and offer guidance on ensuring correct functionality to prevent hazards from incorrect readings of harmful substances or hazardous electrical quantities Additionally, instructions for safe lifting and carrying of the equipment must be included.

All warning symbols and statements on the equipment must be clearly explained in the documentation Specifically, it is essential to refer to the documentation whenever symbol 14 from Table 1 is present, as it provides crucial information about potential hazards and the necessary actions to mitigate them.

NOTE 1 Markings and text on equipment are considered equivalent to the documentation

NOTE 2 If NORMAL USE involves the handling of harmful or corrosive substances, instruction should be given on correct use and safety provisions If any harmful or corrosive substance is specified or supplied by the equipment manufacturer, the necessary information on its constituents and the correct disposal procedure should also be given

Documentation can be provided in both printed and electronic formats, but printed materials are essential for safety-related information that may not be accessible electronically when required This documentation must accompany the equipment, and the RESPONSIBLE BODY's ability to read the media should be taken into account.

Equipment RATINGS

Documentation shall include the following: a) the supply voltage or voltage range, frequency or frequency range, and power or current

RATING; b) a description of all input and output connections as required by 6.6.1 a);

The insulation rating of external circuits must comply with section 6.6.1 b), and the equipment should include a statement detailing the range of environmental conditions it is designed for, as outlined in section 1.4 Additionally, if the equipment is rated according to IEC 60529, it should specify the degree of ingress protection (IP) For equipment with an impact rating below 5 J, the information specified in section 8.1 d) is also required.

Equipment installation

The documentation must provide installation and commissioning instructions, along with necessary safety warnings regarding potential hazards This includes details on assembly, location, and mounting requirements, instructions for protective earthing, supply connections, and specific guidelines for permanently connected equipment.

2) requirements for any external switch or circuit-breaker (see 6.11.3.1) and external overcurrent protection devices (see 9.6.2) and a recommendation that the switch or circuit-breaker be near the equipment; e) ventilation requirements; f) requirements for special services, for example, air, cooling liquid; g) instructions relating to sound level (see 12.5.1)

It is essential to include a disclaimer in the installation documentation stating that the safety of any system that integrates the equipment is the responsibility of the system assembler.

Equipment operation

Instructions for use must include a comprehensive identification and description of operating controls across all modes, guidance on proper positioning to ensure easy access to the disconnecting device, and clear interconnection instructions for accessories and other equipment, including suitable parts and materials Additionally, specifications for intermittent operation limits, explanations of safety symbols on the equipment, and guidelines for replacing consumable materials are essential Cleaning and decontamination instructions should be provided, along with a statement regarding potentially harmful substances that may be released and their quantities Furthermore, detailed risk reduction procedures for flammable liquids and methods to mitigate burn risks from surfaces exceeding temperature limits are crucial for safe operation.

When using equipment that meets IEC 60950 standards alongside other compliant devices, it is essential to include specific instructions addressing any hazards related to moisture or liquids, outlining necessary additional precautions.

There shall be a statement in the instructions that, if the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired

Equipment maintenance and service

Detailed instructions must be given to the RESPONSIBLE BODY to facilitate safe maintenance and inspection of the equipment, ensuring its ongoing safety following these procedures.

If applicable, manufacturer’s documentation shall instruct against replacing detachable MAINS supply cords by inadequately RATED cords

For equipment using replaceable batteries, the specific battery type shall be stated

The manufacturer shall specify any parts which are required to be examined or supplied only by the manufacturer or his agent

The RATING and characteristics of replaceable fuses shall be stated

Service personnel must receive instructions on essential topics to ensure safe servicing and ongoing safety of the equipment This includes understanding product-specific risks that may impact them, implementing protective measures against these risks, and verifying the equipment's safe state post-repair.

NOTE Instructions for service personnel need not be supplied to the RESPONSIBLE BODY , but should be made available to service personnel

Integration into systems or effects resulting from special conditions

Aspects resulting from integration into systems or effects resulting from special ambient or application conditions shall be described in the documentation

Conformity is checked by inspection of the documentation

General

Requirements

Protection against electric shock shall be maintained in NORMAL CONDITION and SINGLE FAULT CONDITION (see 6.4 and 6.5) A CCESSIBLE parts (see 6.2) shall not be HAZARDOUS LIVE

In accordance with section 6.3, the voltage, current, charge, or energy between any accessible part and the earth, or between two accessible parts on the same equipment within 1.8 meters (either over a surface or through air), must not exceed the limits specified in 6.3.1 under normal conditions or 6.3.2 during a single fault condition.

Conformity is assessed by identifying the ACCESSIBLE parts as outlined in section 6.2, followed by measurements in section 6.3 to ensure that the limits specified in sections 6.3.1 and 6.3.2 are not surpassed This process is completed with the tests detailed in sections 6.4 to 6.11.

Exceptions

In situations where it is not operationally feasible to ensure that certain components are both inaccessible and not live, these parts may remain accessible to an operator during normal use, even if they are hazardous live This includes components such as lamp parts and sockets after the lamp has been removed, as well as parts intended for replacement by the operator, like batteries.

HAZARDOUS LIVE during the replacement or other OPERATOR action, but only if they are

ACCESSIBLE only by means of a TOOL and have a warning marking (see 5.2);

If any of the parts in a) and b) receives a charge from an internal capacitor, they shall not be

HAZARDOUS LIVE 10 s after interruption of the supply

If a charge is received from an internal capacitor, conformity is checked by the measurements of 6.3 to establish that the levels of 6.3.1 c) are not exceeded.

Determination of ACCESSIBLE parts

General

The determination of whether a part is ACCESSIBLE is based on the criteria outlined in sections 6.2.2 to 6.2.4 during NORMAL USE Test fingers and pins are used without applying force unless specified otherwise Parts are deemed ACCESSIBLE if they can be touched by a test finger or pin, or if they can be reached without a covering that offers suitable insulation, as referenced in section 6.9.1.

In normal use, an operator should take any necessary actions, with or without a tool, to enhance the accessibility of parts before conducting the examinations outlined in sections 6.2.2 to 6.2.4.

NOTE Examples of such actions include: a) removing covers; b) opening doors; c) adjusting controls; d) replacing consumable material; e) removing parts

Rack-mounted and panel-mounted equipment is installed as specified in the manufacturer's instructions before making the examinations of 6.2.2 to 6.2.4 For such equipment, the

OPERATOR is assumed to be in front of the panel.

Examination

The jointed test finger is utilized in various positions to assess accessibility If a part can be accessed by applying force, a rigid test finger exerts a force of 10 N, ensuring that the force is applied by the tip to prevent wedge and lever action This test is conducted on all outer surfaces, including the bottom, while for equipment with plug-in modules, the jointed test finger is inserted only to a specified depth.

180 mm from the opening in the equipment

The test finger is likewise applied to all openings in the ENCLOSURE , including holes and

In the context of terminals, the accessible areas of the enclosure encompass any portion of the test finger that can be inserted into the terminal hole, as illustrated in Figure 1.

D tip of test finger is considered to be ACCESSIBLE

Figure 1 – Measurements through openings in ENCLOSURES

Openings above parts that are HAZARDOUS LIVE

A 100 mm long and 4 mm diameter metal test pin is used to assess hazardous live openings The pin is freely suspended and can penetrate up to 100 mm into these openings.

The additional safety measures of 6.5.1 for protection in SINGLE FAULT CONDITION are not required solely because a part is ACCESSIBLE only by this test

The insertion of an object similar to the test pin is allowed as it is classified as a single fault condition, where one means of protection is deemed sufficient.

This test is not applied to TERMINALS

Openings for pre-set controls

A 3 mm diameter metal test pin is used to access pre-set controls that typically require a screwdriver or other tools The pin is inserted through designated holes in various directions, ensuring that penetration does not exceed three times the distance from the enclosure surface to the control shaft, or 100 mm, whichever is less.

Limit values for ACCESSIBLE parts

Levels in NORMAL CONDITION

Voltages exceeding 33 V r.m.s., 46.7 V peak for a.c and 70 V for d.c are classified as HAZARDOUS LIVE when accompanied by specific current levels For equipment designed for WET LOCATIONS, the thresholds are lower, with a.c voltage levels set at 16 V r.m.s and 22.6 V peak, while the d.c voltage level is 35 V.

For sinusoidal waveforms, a measurement of 0.5 mA r.m.s is required, while for non-sinusoidal waveforms or mixed frequencies, a peak measurement of 0.7 mA is necessary, or 2 mA d.c when using the measuring circuit shown in Figure A.1 If the frequency is 100 Hz or lower, the measuring circuit in Figure A.2 is applicable Additionally, the measuring circuit in Figure A.4 is designated for equipment intended for use in wet locations.

2) 70 mA r.m.s when measured with the measuring circuit of Figure A.3 This relates to possible burns at higher frequencies c) The levels of capacitive charge or energy are:

1) 45 μC charge for voltages up to 15 kV peak or d.c.; line A of Figure 3 shows the capacitance versus voltage where the charge is 45 μC

2) 350 mJ stored energy for voltages above 15 kV peak or d.c.

Levels in SINGLE FAULT CONDITION

Voltages exceeding specified thresholds are classified as HAZARDOUS LIVE when certain current levels are also surpassed The standard a.c voltage limits are 55 V r.m.s., 78 V peak, and for d.c., 140 V In WET LOCATIONS, the permissible a.c voltage levels drop to 33 V r.m.s and 46.7 V peak, with a d.c limit of 70 V For short-duration voltages, the relationship between duration and voltage levels is illustrated in Figure 2, measured across a 50 kΩ resistor.

For sinusoidal waveforms, a measurement of 3.5 mA r.m.s is required, while non-sinusoidal waveforms or mixed frequencies should be measured at 5 mA peak or 15 mA d.c using the circuit shown in Figure A.1 If the frequency is 100 Hz or lower, the measuring circuit in Figure A.2 is applicable Additionally, for equipment designed for WET LOCATIONS, the measuring circuit depicted in Figure A.4 should be utilized.

2) 500 mA r.m.s when measured with the measuring circuit of Figure A.3 This relates to possible burns at higher frequencies c) The capacitance level is line B of Figure 3

A a.c voltage level in W ET LOCATIONS C d.c voltage level in W ET LOCATIONS

B a.c voltage level in dry locations D d.c voltage level in dry locations

Figure 2 – Maximum duration of short-term ACCESSIBLE voltages in SINGLE FAULT CONDITION (see 6.3.2 a))

Figure 3 – Capacitance level versus voltage in NORMAL CONDITION and SINGLE FAULT

Primary means of protection

General

ACCESSIBLE parts shall be prevented from becoming HAZARDOUS LIVE by one or more of the following means (see Annex D): a) ENCLOSURES or PROTECTIVE BARRIERS (see 6.4.2); b) BASIC INSULATION (see 6.4.3); c) impedance (see 6.4.4)

Conformity is checked by inspection and as specified in 6.4.2 to 6.4.4.

E NCLOSURES and PROTECTIVE BARRIERS

E NCLOSURES and PROTECTIVE BARRIERS shall meet the rigidity requirements of 8.1

If ENCLOSURES or PROTECTIVE BARRIERS provide protection by insulation, they shall meet the requirements of BASIC INSULATION

If ENCLOSURES or PROTECTIVE BARRIERS provide protection by limiting access, CLEARANCES and

CREEPAGE DISTANCES between ACCESSIBLE parts and HAZARDOUS LIVE parts shall meet the requirements of 6.7 and the applicable requirements for BASIC INSULATION

Conformity is checked as specified in 6.7 and 8.1.

B ASIC INSULATION

C LEARANCES , CREEPAGE DISTANCES and solid insulation forming BASIC INSULATION between

ACCESSIBLE parts and HAZARDOUS LIVE parts shall meet the requirements of 6.7

Conformity is checked as specified in 6.7.

Impedance

An impedance utilized for primary protection must fulfill specific criteria: it should restrict current or voltage to a maximum level as outlined in section 6.3.2; it must be rated for the maximum working voltage and the power it will dissipate; and the clearance and creepage distance between the impedance terminations must comply with the basic insulation requirements specified in section 6.7.

Conformity is verified through inspection, which includes measuring voltage or current to ensure they remain within the limits set by section 6.3.2 Additionally, clearance and creepage distance are assessed according to the specifications outlined in section 6.7.

Additional means of protection in case of SINGLE FAULT CONDITIONS

General

To ensure safety, accessible parts must not become hazardous live under single fault conditions The primary means of protection should be enhanced by one of the following options: protective bonding, supplementary insulation, or other specified methods Alternatively, one of the single means of protection can be utilized For further details, refer to Figure 4 and Annex D.

Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 30/11/2011 06:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI c) automatic disconnection of the supply (see 6.5.5); d) current- or voltage-limiting device (see 6.5.6); e) REINFORCED INSULATION (see 6.5.3); f) PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE (see 6.5.4)

Conformity is checked by inspection and as specified in 6.5.2 to 6.5.6

Figure 4 – Acceptable arrangement of protective means against electric shock

P ROTECTIVE BONDING

Accessible conductive parts must be connected to the protective conductor terminal if they could become hazardous live due to a single fault in the primary means of protection Alternatively, these accessible parts should be isolated from other components to ensure safety.

HAZARDOUS LIVE by a conductive protective screen bonded to the PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL

Conformity is checked as specified in 6.5.2.2 to 6.5.2.6

The integrity of PROTECTIVE BONDING must be guaranteed, consisting of directly connected structural components or discrete conductors, or a combination of both It should be capable of withstanding all thermal and dynamic stresses until one of the overcurrent protective devices specified in section 9.6 disconnects the equipment from the power supply.

D OU BL E INS UL AT IO N

Current- or voltage-limiting device

Automatic disconnection of the supply

Soldered connections that experience mechanical stress must be independently secured from the soldering itself and should not be utilized for fixing structural components Additionally, screw connections need to be secured to prevent loosening If any part of the equipment is removable by an operator, the protective bonding for the rest of the equipment must remain intact, except for parts that also carry the protective bonding.

The MAINS input connection is essential for the entire equipment Movable conductive connections, such as hinges and slides, should not serve as the sole protective bonding path unless specifically designed for electrical interconnection and compliant with the requirements of 6.5.2.4 Additionally, the exterior metal braid of cables is not considered protective bonding, even if connected to the protective conductor terminal When power from the MAINS supply is routed through equipment for use by other devices, it is crucial to provide a means for the protective conductor to pass through the equipment, ensuring the impedance of this path does not exceed the limits specified in 6.5.2.4 Protective conductors can be either bare or insulated, with insulation typically being green-and-yellow, except in certain specified cases.

1) for earthing braids, either green-and-yellow or colourless-transparent;

2) for internal protective conductors, and other conductors connected to the PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL in assemblies such as ribbon cables, busbars, flexible printed wiring, etc., any colour may be used provided that no HAZARD is likely to arise from non-identification of the protective conductor

Equipment using PROTECTIVE BONDING shall be provided with a TERMINAL that is suitable for connection to a protective conductor and meets the requirements of 6.5.2.3

Conformity is checked by inspection

PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINALS shall meet the following requirements a) The contact surfaces shall be metal

NOTE 1 Materials of PROTECTIVE BONDING systems should be chosen to minimize electro-chemical corrosion between the TERMINAL and the protective conductor, or any other metal in contact with them b) The integral protective conductor connection of an appliance inlet shall be regarded as the

PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL c) For equipment provided with a rewirable flexible cord and for PERMANENTLY CONNECTED EQUIPMENT, the PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL shall be located near the MAINS supply

For equipment not requiring a connection to a mains supply but needing protective earthing, the protective conductor terminal must be positioned near the relevant circuit terminals If the circuit has external terminals, the protective conductor terminal should also be external Protective conductor terminals for mains circuits must have a current-carrying capacity equivalent to that of the mains supply terminals Additionally, plug-in type protective conductor terminals, designed for tool-free connection and disconnection, should ensure that the protective conductor connection is made first and broken last in relation to other connections, such as in plugs and appliance couplers If the protective conductor terminal serves additional bonding purposes, the protective conductor must be applied first and secured independently from other connections.

The protective conductor must be securely connected to prevent disconnection during servicing that does not involve its removal Additionally, for equipment where the protective conductor is essential for safeguarding against a single fault in a measuring circuit, specific requirements must be met.

1) the PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL and protective conductor shall have at least the current RATING of the measuring TERMINALS;

2) the PROTECTIVE BONDING shall not be interrupted by any switching or interrupting device i) FUNCTIONAL EARTH TERMINALS (for example, measuring earth TERMINALS ) shall allow a connection which is independent from the connection of the protective conductor

NOTE 2 Equipment may be equipped with FUNCTIONAL EARTH TERMINALS , irrespective of the protective means taken j) If the PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL is a binding screw assembly (see Figure 5), it shall be of a suitable size for the bond wire, but with a thread size no smaller than 4,0 mm, with at least three turns of the screw engaged k) The contact pressure required for a bonding connection shall not be capable of being reduced by deformation of materials forming part of the connection

Figure 5 – Examples of binding screw assemblies

Conformity is checked by inspection Conformity for j) is also checked by the following test

The binding screw assembly must be tightened and loosened three times, ensuring the least favorable conductor is secured with the specified tightening torques from Table 2 All components of the assembly should endure this test without any mechanical failure.

Table 2 – Tightening torque for binding screw assemblies

6.5.2.4 Impedance of PROTECTIVE BONDING of plug-connected equipment

The impedance between the protective conductor terminal and each accessible part requiring protective bonding must not exceed 0.1 Ω For equipment with a non-detachable power cord, the impedance between the protective conductor plug pin of the mains cord and each specified accessible part should not exceed 0.2 Ω.

Conformity is assessed by applying a test current for one minute, followed by impedance calculation The test current is determined as the greater value between 25 A a.c r.m.s at the rated mains frequency or d.c., and a current that is twice the rated current of the equipment.

For equipment with overcurrent protection devices for all poles of the MAINS supply, if the supply-side wiring cannot connect to accessible conductive parts during a single fault, the test current should not exceed twice the rated current of the internal overcurrent protection devices.

6.5.2.5 Impedance of PROTECTIVE BONDING of PERMANENTLY CONNECTED EQUIPMENT

PROTECTIVE BONDING of PERMANENTLY CONNECTED EQUIPMENT shall be of low impedance

Conformity is checked by applying a test current of twice the value of the overcurrent protection means specified in the equipment installation instructions for the building supply

MAINS CIRCUIT for 1 min between the PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL and each ACCESSIBLE conductive part for which PROTECTIVE BONDING is required The voltage between them shall not exceed 10 V a.c r.m.s or d.c

For equipment with overcurrent protection devices for all poles of the MAINS supply, if the supply-side wiring cannot connect to accessible conductive parts during a single fault, the test current should not exceed twice the rated current of the internal overcurrent protection devices.

S UPPLEMENTARY INSULATION and REINFORCED INSULATION

CLEARANCES, CREEPAGE DISTANCES andsolid insulation forming SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION or

REINFORCED INSULATION shall meet the applicable requirements of 6.7

Conformity is checked as specified in 6.7.

P ROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE

A PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE shall limit the current or voltage to the levels of 6.3.1 in NORMAL CONDITION and 6.3.2 in SINGLE FAULT CONDITION

Insulation between the terminations of the PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE shall meet the requirements of 6.7 forDOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED INSULATION

A PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE shall be one or more of the following:

To ensure safety and reliability against electric shock, it is essential to construct, select, and test a suitable single component.

1) RATED for twice the maximum WORKING VOLTAGE;

2) if a resistor, RATED for twice the power dissipation for the maximum WORKING VOLTAGE b) a combination of components

A PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE shall not be a single electronic device that employs electron conduction in a vacuum, gas or semiconductor

Conformity is verified through inspection, which includes measuring current or voltage to ensure they remain within the specified limits of 6.3, as well as assessing clearances and creepage distances outlined in section 6.7 Additionally, the conformity of individual components is confirmed by inspecting their ratings.

Automatic disconnection of the supply

An automatic disconnection device must fulfill two key criteria: it must be rated to disconnect the load within the specified time frame, as illustrated in Figure 2, and it must be rated for the maximum load conditions of the equipment.

Conformity is checked by inspection of the device specification In case of doubt, the device is tested to check that it disconnects the supply within the required time.

Current- or voltage-limiting device

A current- or voltage-limiting device must adhere to specific criteria: it should be rated to restrict current or voltage to levels not exceeding those specified in section 6.3.2, be rated for the maximum working voltage and, if relevant, the maximum operational current, and ensure that the clearance and creepage distance between its terminations comply with the supplementary insulation requirements outlined in section 6.7.

Conformity is verified through inspection, which includes measuring voltage or current to ensure they remain within the limits set by section 6.3.2 Additionally, it involves assessing clearances and creepage distances as outlined in section 6.7.

Connections to external circuits

Insulation requirements

Procedure for voltage tests

Constructional requirements for protection against electric shock

Connection to the MAINS supply source and connections between parts of

Disconnection from supply source

Moving parts

Provisions for lifting and carrying

E NCLOSURE rigidity tests

Drop test

Containment of fire within the equipment, should it occur

Overcurrent protection 8 7

Conduct of temperature tests

Resistance to heat

Fluid pressure and leakage

Equipment producing ionizing radiation

Sonic and ultrasonic pressure

Explosion and implosion

Motors

informative) Line-to-neutral voltages for common MAINS supply systems

Tiêu đề	Safety Requirements For Electrical Equipment For Measurement, Control, And Laboratory Use Part 1: General Requirements
Tác giả	Wang Bin
Trường học	British Standards Institution
Chuyên ngành	Electrical Equipment Safety
Thể loại	Standard
Năm xuất bản	2010
Thành phố	Brussels

Định dạng
Số trang	164
Dung lượng	3,24 MB