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Scope

This section of IEC 60384 pertains to aluminum electrolytic capacitors featuring solid (MnO2) and non-solid electrolytes, specifically designed for direct current (d.c.) applications in electronic devices It encompasses capacitors intended for both long-life and general-purpose uses, while special-purpose capacitors may require additional specifications.

Capacitors for fixed surface mount aluminium electrolytic capacitors are not included but they are covered by IEC 60384-18.

Object

This standard aims to define preferred ratings and characteristics for capacitors, selecting suitable quality assessment procedures, tests, and measurement methods from IEC 60384-1 It establishes general performance requirements, ensuring that any test severities and requirements in detailed specifications meet or exceed the performance levels outlined in this sectional specification, as lower performance levels are not acceptable.

Normative references

The referenced documents are essential for the application of this document For dated references, only the specified edition is applicable, while for undated references, the most recent edition, including any amendments, is relevant.

IEC 60063, Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors

IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance

IEC 60068-2-17, Environmental testing – Part 2-17: Tests – Test Q: Sealing

IEC 60068-2-54, Environmental testing – Part 2-54: Tests – Test Ta: Solderability testing of electronic components by the wetting balance method

IEC 60384-1:1999, Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 1: Generic specification

IEC 60384-4-1, Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 4-1: Blank detail specification – Fixed aluminium electrolyte capacitors with non-solid electrolyte – Assessment level EZ

IEC 60384-4-2, Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 4-2: Blank detail specification – Fixed aluminium electrolyte capacitors with solid (MnO2) electrolyte – Assessment level EZ

ISO 3, Preferred numbers – Series of preferred numbers

Licensed copy: Bradford University, University of Bradford, Version correct as of 19/03/2012 17:54, (c) The British Standards Institution 2012

Information to be given in a detail specification

Detail specifications shall be derived from the relevant blank detail specification

Detail specifications must not impose requirements that are lower than those outlined in the generic, sectional, or blank detail specifications If more stringent requirements are necessary, they should be documented in section 1.9 of the detail specification and clearly marked in the test schedules, such as with an asterisk.

NOTE The information given in 1.4.1 may, for convenience, be presented in tabular form

The following information shall be given in each detail specification and the values quoted shall preferably be selected from those given in the appropriate clause of this sectional specification

There shall be an illustration of the capacitor as an aid to easy recognition and for comparison of the capacitor with others

The detail specification must include dimensions and their corresponding tolerances, which are crucial for ensuring interchangeability and proper mounting It is recommended that all dimensions be expressed in millimeters; however, if the original dimensions are in inches, the equivalent metric dimensions in millimeters should also be provided.

Numerical values for the body length, width, height, and wire spacing must be provided, or for cylindrical types, the body diameter along with the length and diameter of the terminations When a detail specification encompasses multiple items, such as capacitance values or voltage ranges, the dimensions and their corresponding tolerances should be organized in a table beneath the drawing.

For configurations differing from the specified standards, the detail specification must include sufficient dimensional information to accurately describe the capacitor Additionally, if the capacitor is not intended for use on printed boards, this must be explicitly mentioned in the detail specification.

The detail specification must outline the mounting methods for standard use, as well as for vibration and shock testing applications Capacitors should be mounted using conventional methods, but if the design necessitates special mounting fixtures, these must be detailed in the specification and utilized during vibration and shock tests.

The ratings and characteristics shall be in accordance with the relevant clauses of this specification, together with the following

When products meet the detailed specifications but have varying ranges, it is essential to include the statement: "The range of values available in each voltage range is given in IEC QC 001005."

Additional characteristics may be listed when they are considered necessary to specify adequately the component for design and application purposes

The detail specification shall prescribe the test methods, severities and requirements applicable for the solderability and the resistance to soldering heat test

The detail specification shall specify the content of the marking on the capacitor and on the package Deviations in 1.6 of this sectional specification shall be specifically stated.

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, in addition to the applicable terms and definitions of IEC 60384-1, apply

1.5.1 capacitance of an electrolytic capacitor capacitance of an equivalent circuit having capacitance and resistance in series measured with alternating current approximately sinusoidal waveform at a specified frequency

Long-life grade capacitors are designed for applications that require exceptional stability of characteristics over extended periods The selection of materials and manufacturing processes is optimized to enhance performance, resulting in a significant increase in lifespan.

1.5.3 general-purpose grade capacitors capacitors intended for applications where the high performance level of long-life grade capacitors is not required

1.5.4 reverse voltage (for polar capacitors only) voltage applied to the capacitor terminals in the reverse polarity direction

Marking

According to 2.4 of IEC 60384-1, with the following details

The marking information for capacitors typically includes several key items, ranked by their significance These items are: a) rated capacitance, b) rated voltage (with direct current voltage denoted by specific symbols), c) category voltage and temperatures (applicable only to long-life grade capacitors), d) polarity of terminations, where multi-section capacitors must clearly indicate the rated capacitance and voltage for each section connected to the terminations Notably, the section intended for direct connection to the rectifier, known as the reservoir section, should be marked with the number 1 or colored red, and e) tolerance on rated capacitance.

The licensed copy from Bradford University outlines essential marking requirements for long-life grade capacitors, including the grade reference (abbreviated as LL), the year and month (or week) of manufacture, the manufacturer's name or trademark, the climatic category, the manufacturer's type designation, and a reference to the detail specification.

The capacitor must be distinctly labeled with items a), b), c), d), e), and f), along with any additional relevant information deemed necessary It is essential to prevent any duplication of information in the capacitor's markings.

1.6.3 The package containing the capacitor(s) shall be clearly marked with all the information listed in 1.6.1

1.6.4 Any additional marking shall be so applied that no confusion can arise

Preferred characteristics

The values given in detail specifications shall preferably be selected from the following

The capacitors covered by this specification are classified into climatic categories according to the general rules given in IEC 60068-1

The lower and upper category temperature and the duration of the damp-heat steady-state test shall be chosen from the following

Duration of the damp-heat steady-state test: 10, 21 and 56 days

The severities for the cold and dry heat tests are the lower and upper category temperatures respectively.

Preferred values of ratings

Preferred values of rated capacitance are chosen from the E3 series of IEC 60063 and their decimal multiples

If other values are needed, they shall preferably be chosen from the E6 series

Preferred values of tolerances on rated capacitance are:

Preferred values of rated direct voltages taken from the R5 and R10 series of ISO 3 are:

For voltage values 315 V

The rated ripple current for capacitors, specified at 100 Hz or 120 Hz and at the upper category temperature, will be detailed in the specifications For capacitors used in switched mode power supply applications, the rated ripple current must be indicated at the appropriate frequency.

NOTE This value is determined by the dimensions of the capacitor and several other factors, for example, the tangent of loss angle and the permissible temperature rise

Primary stage of manufacture

For capacitors with solid electrolyte, the primary stage of manufacture is the etching or formation of the anode body

For capacitors with non-solid electrolyte, the primary stage of manufacture is the capacitor manufacturer's evaluation of the formed anode foil.

Structurally similar components

Capacitors considered as being structurally similar are capacitors produced with similar processes and materials, though they may be of different case sizes and values.

Certified records of released lots

According to section 3.9 of IEC 60384-1, the necessary information must be provided as specified in the detail specification and upon request by the purchaser Following the endurance test, the key parameters that require variable information include capacitance change, tan δ, and leakage current.

Qualification approval procedures

The procedures for qualification approval testing are given in 3.5 of IEC 60384-1

The qualification approval testing schedule, based on lot-by-lot and periodic tests, is outlined in section 3.5 of this specification Additionally, the procedure for utilizing a fixed sample size schedule is detailed in sections 3.4.1 and 3.4.2.

3.4.1 Qualification approval on the basis of the fixed sample size procedure

The fixed sample size procedure outlined in IEC 60384-1, section 3.5.3b), requires that the sample be representative of the range of capacitors for which approval is being sought, which may not necessarily encompass the entire range specified.

The sample shall consist of specimens having the lowest and highest voltages and, for these voltages, the smallest and largest case size When the range of rated voltages exceeds

Testing is required for an intermediate voltage of 200 V, where the highest capacitance must be selected from each size/voltage combination For range approval, testing must include either four or six values If the range has fewer than four values, the number of specimens tested should still meet the requirements for four values.

Spare specimens are allowed under two conditions: first, one spare per value can replace a defective specimen in Group 0; second, one spare per value may be used to replace specimens that are defective due to incidents not caused by the manufacturer.

The numbers given in Group 0 assume that all groups are applicable If this is not so, the numbers may be reduced accordingly

Introducing additional groups into the qualification approval test schedule necessitates an increase in the number of specimens required for Group 0, matching the quantity needed for the new groups.

Table 1 gives the number of samples to be tested in each group or subgroup together with the permissible number of nonconforming items for qualification approval tests

The approval of capacitors outlined in a specific detail specification necessitates the completion of all tests listed in Tables 1 and 2 It is essential that the tests within each group are conducted in the specified sequence.

The whole sample shall be subjected to the tests of Group 0 and then divided for the other groups

Specimens found to be a nonconforming item during the tests of Group 0 shall not be used for the other groups

"One nonconforming item" is counted when a capacitor has not satisfied the whole or part of the tests of a group

Approval is achieved when the count of nonconforming items remains within the allowed limits for each group or subgroup, as well as the overall total of permissible nonconforming items.

Tables 1 and 2 constitute the fixed sample size test schedule, with Table 1 detailing the sampling and allowable nonconforming items for various tests In contrast, Table 2, along with the information in Clause 4, provides a comprehensive overview of test conditions and performance requirements, highlighting areas where specific choices must be made in the detailed specification regarding test methods or conditions.

The conditions of test and performance requirements for the fixed sample size test schedule should be identical to those prescribed in the detail specification for quality conformance inspection

Table 1 – Fixed sample size test plan for qualification approval, assessment level EZ

No Test Subclause of this publication

Permissible number of nonconforming items c

0 High surge current a Visual examination Dimensions Leakage current Capacitance Tangent of loss angle Impedance b

1A Robustness of terminations Resistance to soldering heat c

Rapid change of temperature Vibration

5A Storage at high temperature Voltage transient overload d

6 Characteristics at high and low temperature Charge and discharge b

Solid electrolyte capacitors are specified only when required, as detailed in the specifications Certain conditions apply, such as exclusions for capacitors with screw terminations or other non-solderable terminations Non-solid electrolyte capacitors are also included if specified For specific case size and voltage combinations, refer to section 3.4.1 Additional capacitors may be necessary if Group No 4B or Group No 5B is tested.

Table 2 – Test schedule for qualification approval

Number of specimens ( n ) and number of permissible nonconforming items ( c )

4.2 Visual examination No visible damage

Legible marking and as specified in the detail specification

4.3.2 Capacitance Frequency: Hz Within specified tolerance

4.3.3 Tangent of loss angle Frequency: Hz As in 4.3.3.2

Frequency: Hz Within limits specified in the detail specification

4.4 Robustness of terminations Method and severity as prescribed in the detail specification

No pre-drying See detail specification for the method (1A or 1B)

4.5.2 Final measurements Visual examination No visible damage

Capacitance ΔC/C ≤ 5 % of value measured in 4.4.1

4.6 Solderability d See detail specification for the method

Effective tinning is demonstrated by the solder's ability to flow freely and adequately wet the terminations, meeting the specified parameters outlined in the detail specification Refer to Clause 4 for the relevant subclause numbers regarding test and performance requirements In the accompanying table, "D" denotes destructive testing, while "ND" indicates non-destructive testing This applies specifically to solid electrolyte capacitors, provided it is specified in the detail Note that this does not apply to capacitors with screw terminations or other types not intended for soldering, as specified in the detail.

T B = Upper category temperature Five cycles Duration t 1 = min Recovery: 16 h 4.7.1 Initial measurement D Capacitance

Visual examination No visible damage

Tangent of loss angle As in 4.3.3

Impedance (if required) As specified in the detail specification

Visual examination No leakage of electrolyte or other visible damage

4.8 Vibration For mounting method, see detail specification

Frequency range: from Hz to Hz

Amplitude: mm or acceleration 100 m/s 2 (whichever is the less severe)

4.8.2 Final measurements Visual examination No visible damage and for non-solid electrolyte capacitors no leakage of electrolyte

Capacitance ΔC/C ≤5 % of value measured in 4.7.1, unless otherwise prescribed in the detail specification

For mounting method, see detail specification Number of bumps:

Acceleration: 400 m/s 2 Duration of pulse: 6 ms a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive

ND b Conditions of test a Number of specimens ( n ) and number of permissible nonconforming items ( c )

For mounting method, see detail specification Acceleration: m/s 2

Final measurements Visual examination No visible damage and for non-solid electrolyte capacitors no leakage of electrolyte

Capacitance ΔC/C ≤5 % of values measured in 4.3.2, unless otherwise specified in the detail specification

4.11.1 Dry heat Temperature: upper category temperature Duration: 16 h

4.11.3 Cold D Temperature: lower category temperature Duration: 2 h

4.11.4 Low air pressure (if required by the detail specification)

Visual examination No breakdown, flashover or harmful deformation of the case

4.11.6 Sealing (if required by the detail specification)

Legible marking a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive

4.11.7 (continued) Leakage current As in 4.3.1

Long-life grade: ≤ 5 % General-purpose grade:

≤ 10 % of value measured in 4.5.2, 4.9.2 or 4.10.2 as applicable Tangent of loss angle ≤ 1,2 times limit of 4.3.3

4.12 Damp heat, steady state 4.12.1 Initial measurement Capacitance

4.12.2 Final measurements Visual examination No visible damage, and for non-solid electrolyte capacitor, no leakage of electrolyte

≤ 20 % of value measured in 4.12.1 Tangent of loss angle ≤ 1,2 times limit in 4.3.3

Impedance ≤1,2 times the limit in the detail specification

Insulation resistance of the external insulation (if applicable)

Voltage proof of the external insulation (if applicable)

No breakdown or flashover a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive

Long-life grade: : … h General-purpose grade: : … h

Temperature: upper category temperature Applied voltage: V Recovery: 16 h min

4.13.3 Final measurements Solid electrolyte capacitors

Tangent of loss angle ≤ 1,2 times the limit specified in 4.3.3

Impedance ≤ 1,2 times the limit in the detail specification

Visual examination No leakage of electrolyte or other visible damage Legible marking

Capacitance ΔC/C compared to values measured in 4.13.1:

+15 to –30 ± 20 ± 15 a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive

4.13.3 (continued) Capacitance General-purpose grade:

Tangent of loss angle Long-life grade:

≤ 1,5 times the limit specified in 4.3.3

≤ 2 times the limit specified in 4.3.3 or ≤ 0,4, whichever is the greater

≤2 times the limit specified in the detail specification

≤4 times the limit in the detail specification Insulation resistance of external insulation (if applicable)

Voltage proof of external insulation

1,15 U R or 1,15 U C for U R ≤ 315 V or 1,10 U R or 1,10 U C for U R > 315 V Duration of charge: 30 s

Visual examination (for non-solid electrolyte capacitors)

No visible damage and no leakage of electrolyte

≤ 15 % of value measured in 4.14.1 Tangent of loss angle As in 4.3.3 a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive

The testing duration is 125 hours at the upper category temperature For solid electrolyte capacitors, a direct voltage of 0.15 U C is applied in the reverse polarity direction In contrast, non-solid electrolyte capacitors are subjected to a voltage of 1 V d.c in reverse polarity, unless specified otherwise in the detail specification This is followed by an additional 125 hours at the upper category temperature with the category voltage applied in the forward polarity direction.

See detail specification, of value measured in 4.15.1 Tangent of loss angle As in 4.3.3

(if required) Test method: Device shall open without danger of explosion or fire

Temperature: upper category temperature Duration: 96 h ± 4 h Recovery: 16 h min

Visual examination No visible damage and for non-solid electrolyte capacitors no leakage of electrolyte

Leakage current Solid electrolyte capacitors:

≤ 2 times the limit of 4.4.1 a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive

Tangent of loss angle Solid electrolyte:

4.22 Voltage transient overload d Items in 4.40 of

IEC 60384-1 to be specified by the detail specification

Capacitance Leakage current Tangent of loss angle Other parameters

See detail specification See detail specification See detail specification See detail specification See detail specification

4.18 Storage at low temperature (for non-solid electrolyte capacitors only)

Duration: 16 h or 4 h after thermal stability has been reached (whichever is the shorter)

Visual examination No visible damage and no leakage of electrolyte Legible marking

The capacitance variation should not exceed 10% of the value measured in section 4.18.1 The tangent of the loss angle is referenced in section 4.3.3, with subclause numbers indicating specific test and performance requirements outlined in Clause 4 In the accompanying table, "D" denotes destructive testing, while "ND" indicates non-destructive testing It is important to note that Group 5B applies exclusively to capacitors rated for lower category temperatures of –25 °C and –10 °C, and is relevant only for non-solid electrolyte capacitors when specified in the detail specification.

4.19 Characteristics at high and low temperature

The capacitors shall be measured at each temperature step

Capacitance c For use as reference value

Impedance (at the same frequency as Step 2)

For use as reference value

Capacitance c ΔC/C ≤ 20 % of value measured in Step 1

Impedance Ratio with respect to value in Step 1: ≤ 2 times Tangent of loss angle c ≤ 2 times the limit of 4.3.3

Capacitance c ΔC/C ≤ 20 % of value measured in Step 1 Tangent of loss angle c ≤ limit of 4.3.3

Capacitance c For use as reference value Tangent of loss angle c

Impedance (at same frequency as Step 2)

Step 2: Lower category temperature a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive c If applicable

4.19 (continued) Impedance Ratio with respect to the value in Step 1

Leakage current At 125 °C: ≤ 10 times the limit of 4.3.1

At 105 °C: ≤8 times the limit of 4.3.1

At 100 °C: ≤ 8 times the limit of 4.3.1

Tangent of loss angle c See detail specification

4.20 Charge and discharge (if required)

U R > 160 V: under consideration Duration of charge: 0,5 s

≤ 10 % of value measured in 4.20.1 a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive c If applicable

Quality conformance inspection

3.5.1 Formation of inspection lots a) Groups A and B inspection

These tests shall be carried out on a lot-by-lot basis

A manufacturer may aggregate the current production into inspection lots subject to the following safeguards

1) The inspection lot shall consist of structurally similar capacitors (see 3.2)

2a) The sample tested shall be representative of the values and dimensions contained in the inspection lot:

– in relation to their number;

– with a minimum of five of any one value

If a sample contains fewer than five instances of any single value, the method for drawing samples must be mutually agreed upon by the manufacturer and the national supervising inspectorate This pertains to Group C inspection.

These tests shall be carried out on a periodic basis

Samples must accurately represent the current production for the specified periods and be categorized into high, medium, and low-voltage ratings To ensure comprehensive approval coverage, one case size from each voltage group will be tested during each period In future testing phases, additional case sizes and/or voltage ratings will be evaluated to encompass the entire range of production.

The schedule for the lot-by-lot and periodic tests for quality conformance inspection is given in Table 4 of the blank detail specification, IEC 60384-4-1 or IEC 60384-4-2, as applicable

When, according to the procedures of 3.10 of IEC 60384-1, re-inspection has to be made, solderability and capacitance shall be checked as specified in Group A and B inspection

The assessment level(s) given in the blank detail specification shall preferably be selected from Tables 3 and 4

Table 3 – Lot-by-lot inspection

The inspection subgroup's content is outlined in Clause 2 of the relevant blank detail specification Assessment levels DZ, FZ, and GZ are currently being evaluated The inspection level (IL), sample size (n), and permissible number of nonconforming items (c) are defined, with 100% testing followed by re-inspection through sampling to monitor the outgoing quality level based on nonconforming items per million (ppm) The manufacturer will determine the sampling level, and any parametric failure will be counted as a nonconforming item If one or more nonconforming items are found in a sample, the entire lot will be rejected The sample size for testing is assigned according to the code letter for IL in Table 2A of IEC 60410.

The inspection subgroup's content is outlined in Clause 2 of the applicable blank detail specification Currently, assessment levels DZ, FZ, and GZ are being evaluated The parameters include periodicity in months (p), sample size (n), and the allowable number of nonconforming items (c).

Pre-conditioning (for non-solid electrolyte capacitors only)

Before initiating the test program, it is essential to pre-condition all capacitors by applying the rated voltage from a low internal resistance direct voltage source, like a regulated power supply The voltage should be applied through a resistor, approximately 100 Ω for rated voltages up to 100 V, and around 1,000 Ω for voltages exceeding 100 V.

The voltage must be sustained for one hour once it reaches the rated voltage across the capacitor, allowing for a tolerance of ±3% Following this pre-conditioning phase, the capacitors should be discharged using a resistor of about 1 Ω for each applied volt.

The tests in 3.4.2 shall be made after the capacitors have been stored for a period of 12 h to

48 h during which no voltage shall be applied No further pre-conditioning as described above shall be applied during the test programme.

Visual examination and check of dimensions

Robustness of terminations

terminations Method and severity as prescribed in the detail specification

Resistance to soldering heat

No pre-drying See detail specification for the method (1A or 1B)

4.5.2 Final measurements Visual examination No visible damage

Solderability

Effective tinning is demonstrated by the solder's ability to flow freely and adequately wet the terminations, meeting the specified parameters outlined in the detail specification Refer to Clause 4 for the relevant subclause numbers regarding test and performance requirements In the accompanying table, "D" denotes destructive testing, while "ND" indicates non-destructive testing This applies specifically to solid electrolyte capacitors when specified in the detail specification Note that this does not apply to capacitors with screw terminations or other types not intended for soldering, as stated in the detail specification.

Rapid change of temperature

T B = Upper category temperature Five cycles Duration t 1 = min Recovery: 16 h 4.7.1 Initial measurement D Capacitance

Tangent of loss angle As in 4.3.3

Impedance (if required) As specified in the detail specification

Visual examination No leakage of electrolyte or other visible damage

Vibration

Frequency range: from Hz to Hz

Amplitude: mm or acceleration 100 m/s 2 (whichever is the less severe)

Capacitance ΔC/C ≤5 % of value measured in 4.7.1, unless otherwise prescribed in the detail specification

Bump

For mounting method, see detail specification Number of bumps:

Acceleration: 400 m/s 2 Duration of pulse: 6 ms a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive

ND b Conditions of test a Number of specimens ( n ) and number of permissible nonconforming items ( c )

Shock

For mounting method, see detail specification Acceleration: m/s 2

Final measurements Visual examination No visible damage and for non-solid electrolyte capacitors no leakage of electrolyte

Capacitance ΔC/C ≤5 % of values measured in 4.3.2, unless otherwise specified in the detail specification

4.11.1 Dry heat Temperature: upper category temperature Duration: 16 h

4.11.3 Cold D Temperature: lower category temperature Duration: 2 h

4.11.4 Low air pressure (if required by the detail specification)

Visual examination No breakdown, flashover or harmful deformation of the case

4.11.6 Sealing (if required by the detail specification)

Legible marking a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive

4.11.7 (continued) Leakage current As in 4.3.1

≤ 10 % of value measured in 4.5.2, 4.9.2 or 4.10.2 as applicable Tangent of loss angle ≤ 1,2 times limit of 4.3.3

4.12 Damp heat, steady state 4.12.1 Initial measurement Capacitance

The testing duration is 125 hours at the upper category temperature For solid electrolyte capacitors, this involves applying a direct voltage of 0.15 times the rated voltage in the reverse polarity direction In contrast, non-solid electrolyte capacitors require a voltage of 1 V DC in the reverse polarity direction, unless specified otherwise in the detailed specifications This is followed by an additional 125 hours at the upper category temperature with the category voltage applied in the forward polarity direction.

4.18 Storage at low temperature (for non-solid electrolyte capacitors only)

The capacitance variation should not exceed 10% of the value measured in section 4.18.1 The tangent of the loss angle is referenced in section 4.3.3, with subclause numbers indicating specific test and performance requirements as outlined in Clause 4 In the accompanying table, "D" denotes destructive testing, while "ND" indicates non-destructive testing It is important to note that Group 5B applies exclusively to capacitors rated for lower category temperatures of –25 °C and –10 °C, and is relevant only for non-solid electrolyte capacitors when specified in the detail specification.

4.19 Characteristics at high and low temperature

4.20 Charge and discharge (if required)

U R > 160 V: under consideration Duration of charge: 0,5 s

≤ 10 % of value measured in 4.20.1 a Subclause numbers of test and performance requirements refer to Clause 4 b In this table, D = destructive, ND = non-destructive c If applicable

3.5.1 Formation of inspection lots a) Groups A and B inspection

These tests shall be carried out on a lot-by-lot basis

A manufacturer may aggregate the current production into inspection lots subject to the following safeguards

1) The inspection lot shall consist of structurally similar capacitors (see 3.2)

2a) The sample tested shall be representative of the values and dimensions contained in the inspection lot:

– in relation to their number;

– with a minimum of five of any one value

If a sample contains fewer than five instances of any specific value, the method for drawing samples must be mutually agreed upon by the manufacturer and the national supervising inspectorate This pertains to Group C inspection.

These tests shall be carried out on a periodic basis

Samples must accurately represent the current production for the specified periods and be categorized into high, medium, and low-voltage ratings To ensure comprehensive approval coverage, one case size from each voltage group will be tested during each period In future testing phases, additional case sizes and/or voltage ratings will be evaluated to encompass the entire range of production.

The schedule for the lot-by-lot and periodic tests for quality conformance inspection is given in Table 4 of the blank detail specification, IEC 60384-4-1 or IEC 60384-4-2, as applicable

When, according to the procedures of 3.10 of IEC 60384-1, re-inspection has to be made, solderability and capacitance shall be checked as specified in Group A and B inspection

The assessment level(s) given in the blank detail specification shall preferably be selected from Tables 3 and 4

Table 3 – Lot-by-lot inspection

The inspection subgroup's content is outlined in Clause 2 of the relevant blank detail specification Assessment levels DZ, FZ, and GZ are currently being evaluated The inspection level (IL) determines the sample size (n) and the permissible number of nonconforming items (c) A 100% testing approach will be followed by re-inspection through sampling to monitor the outgoing quality level, measured in nonconforming items per million (ppm) The manufacturer will establish the sampling level, and any parametric failure will be counted as a nonconforming item If one or more nonconforming items are found in a sample, the entire lot will be rejected The sample size for testing is assigned according to the code letter for IL in Table 2A of IEC 60410.

The inspection subgroup's content is outlined in Clause 2 of the applicable blank detail specification Currently, assessment levels DZ, FZ, and GZ are being evaluated The parameters include periodicity in months (p), sample size (n), and the allowable number of nonconforming items (c).

4.1 Pre-conditioning (for non-solid electrolyte capacitors only)

Before initiating the test program, it is essential to pre-condition all capacitors by applying the rated voltage from a low internal resistance direct voltage source, like a regulated power supply The voltage should be introduced to the capacitor via a resistor, with a recommended value of around 100 Ω for rated voltages up to 100 V, and approximately 1,000 Ω for rated voltages exceeding 100 V.

The voltage must be sustained for 1 hour once it reaches the rated voltage across the capacitor, allowing for a tolerance of ±3% Following this pre-conditioning phase, the capacitors should be discharged using a resistor of about 1 Ω for each applied volt.

The tests in 3.4.2 shall be made after the capacitors have been stored for a period of 12 h to

48 h during which no voltage shall be applied No further pre-conditioning as described above shall be applied during the test programme

4.2 Visual examination and check of dimensions

According to 4.9 of IEC 60384-1, with the following details:

The rated voltage shall be applied across the capacitor and its protective resistor Unless otherwise stated in the detail specification, the protective resistor shall be approximately

100 Ω for rated voltages ≤100 V and approximately 1 000 Ω for rated voltages >100 V

4.3.1.2 Requirements a) For non-solid electrolyte capacitors, the leakage current shall not exceed the values given in Table 5

CU product Leakage current μ A μC Long-life grade capacitors General-purpose grade capacitors

0,05 CU or 5 μ A (whichever is the greater)

For solid electrolyte capacitors, the leakage current must not exceed specific limits based on the capacitor's grade: long-life grade capacitors should have a leakage current of ≤ 0.1 CU, while general-purpose grade capacitors should not exceed ≤ 0.15 CU, where C represents the rated capacitance in microfarads and U denotes the rated voltage in volts.

Measuring voltage: max 0,5 V r.m.s or such lower voltage as is required, in order not to exceed the rated ripple current

A d.c bias voltage of 1,1 V to 1,5 V for types with a rated voltage of ≤ 2,5 V, 2,1 V to 2,5 V for types with a rated voltage of > 2,5 V may be applied during the measurement

The frequency of the measuring voltage shall be 100 Hz or 120 Hz

A different frequency may be applied provided that the measured capacitance is corrected to a value of 100 Hz or 120 Hz The detail specification shall state the frequency to be applied

The capacitance shall be within the rated tolerance

4.3.3 Tangent of loss angle (tan δ) or equivalent series resistance (ESR)

The measurement shall be under the conditions of 4.3.2.1 The inaccuracy of the measuring equipment shall not exceed 0,01 absolute value

The limits for tangent of loss angle or for the equivalent series resistance ESR shall be specified in the detail specification

When selecting the measuring voltage frequency, options include 100 Hz, 120 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz, with the frequency chosen being the one at which the lowest impedance value is expected It is important to note that the tolerance for all measuring frequencies must not exceed ±20% The specific measuring frequency will be detailed in the specification.

The voltage used for the measurement shall be as small as practicable and shall be applied for a time short enough to avoid undue heating of the capacitor

To ensure the voltage remains at a minimal level, it will be applied to one capacitor in each sample for one minute, during which no significant change in the capacitor's impedance should be observed.

The error of measurement shall not exceed 5 % of the requirement of 0,02 Ω, whichever is the greater

4.3.4.3 Measurement at lower category temperature

The frequency shall be 100 Hz or 120 Hz unless otherwise specified in the detail specification

The impedance shall meet the requirements of the detail specification

4.3.5 Insulation resistance of the external insulation (if applicable)

A metal foil must be tightly wrapped around the entire length of the capacitor's body, extending at least 5 mm beyond each end while ensuring a minimum distance of 0.5 mm between the foil and the terminations The foil ends should not overlap the capacitor ends If maintaining the 0.5 mm distance is not feasible, the foil's protrusion should be adjusted accordingly Additionally, the V-block method may be used as an alternative when applicable.

A direct voltage of 100 V ± 15 V must be applied between the metal foil or V-block and the termination linked to the capacitor body for at least 1 minute or until a stable reading is achieved Following this duration, the insulation resistance should be measured.

The insulation resistance shall be not less than 100 MΩ

4.3.6 Voltage proof of the external insulation (if applicable)

A metal foil must be tightly wrapped around the entire length of the capacitor, extending at least 5 mm beyond each end while ensuring a minimum distance of 1 mm between the foil and the terminations The foil ends should not overlap the capacitor ends If maintaining the 1 mm distance is not feasible, the foil's protrusion should be adjusted accordingly to achieve this requirement.

When applicable, the V-block method is permitted as an alternative

A direct voltage gradually increasing at a rate of 100 V/s to a maximum of 1 000 V shall be applied between the metal foil or the V-block and the termination connected to the capacitor body

The voltage of 1 000 V shall be applied for 1 min ± 5 s

There shall be no breakdown or flashover during the test

The detail specification shall specify the test method and degree of severity to be used

Torque for nominal thread diameter of 8 mm:

The capacitance shall be measured according to 4.3.2

(Not applicable to capacitors with screw terminations or other terminations not designed to be soldered, as stated in the detail specification.)

4.5.2 Final inspection, measurements and requirements

The capacitors shall be visually examined and measured and shall meet the requirements given in Table 2

(Not applicable to capacitors with screw terminations or other terminations not designed to be soldered, as stated in the detail specification.)

Temperature of the solder bath:

245 °C ± 5 °C for Sn-Ag-Cu solder

When the solder bath method is not appropriate, the soldering iron shall be used with soldering iron Size A

When the wetting balance method is appropriate, the detail specification may refer to IEC 60068-2-54

4.6.1 The requirement is given in Table 2

The capacitance shall be measured according to 4.3.2

Capacitors will undergo test Na for five cycles, with each temperature limit exposure lasting either 30 minutes or 3 hours, as outlined in the detailed specifications A recovery period of 16 hours will follow each exposure.

4.7.3 Final inspection, measurements and requirements

After recovery, the capacitors shall be visually examined and measured and shall meet the requirements given in Table 2

4.8.1 Test Fc shall be applied with one of the following severities as prescribed by the detail specification

Table 6 – Amplitude and acceleration options

Amplitude or acceleration (whichever is the lower acceleration)

10-55 0,35 mm or 50 m/s 2 3 × 0,5 10-55 0,75 mm or 100 m/s 2 3 × 2 10-500 0,75 mm or 100 m/s 2 3 × 2 10-2 000 0,75 mm or 100 m/s 2 3 × 2

Damp heat, steady state

Endurance

Surge

Reverse voltage (if required by the detail specification)

The testing duration is 125 hours at the upper category temperature For solid electrolyte capacitors, this involves applying a direct voltage of 0.15 times the rated voltage in the reverse polarity direction In contrast, non-solid electrolyte capacitors require a voltage of 1 V DC in the reverse polarity direction, unless specified otherwise in the detailed specifications This is followed by an additional 125 hours at the upper category temperature with the category voltage applied in the forward polarity direction.

Pressure relief (if required by the detail specification)

Storage at high temperature

Storage at low temperature (for non-solid electrolyte capacitors only)

temperature (for non-solid electrolyte capacitors only)

The capacitance variation should not exceed 10% of the value measured in section 4.18.1 The tangent of the loss angle is referenced in section 4.3.3, with subclause numbers indicating specific test and performance requirements as outlined in Clause 4 In the accompanying table, "D" denotes destructive testing, while "ND" indicates non-destructive testing It is important to note that Group 5B applies exclusively to capacitors rated for lower category temperatures of –25 °C and –10 °C, and is relevant only for non-solid electrolyte capacitors when specified in the detail specification.

Characteristics at high and low temperature

Tiêu đề	Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment — Part 4: Sectional specification — Aluminium electrolytic capacitors with solid (MnO2) and non-solid electrolyte
Trường học	University of Bradford
Thể loại	British standard
Năm xuất bản	2007
Thành phố	Bradford

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