www bzfxw com BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60939 1 2005 Passive filter units for electromagnetic interference suppression — Part 1 Generic specification The European Standard EN 60939 1 2005 has the status[.]
Scope
This generic specification relates to passive filter units for electromagnetic interference sup- pression for use within, or associated with, electronic or electrical equipment and machines
Both single- and multi-channel filters within one enclosure are included within the scope of this generic specification
This specification encompasses filters made from capacitive elements that inherently include inductance, as well as those made from inductive elements that inherently include capacitance The manufacturer must specify whether a component is intended to function as a capacitor, an inductor, or a filter.
This generic specification categorizes filter units into two groups: those requiring safety tests, such as those connected to mains supplies, and those that do not Additionally, a separate sectional specification addresses passive filter units that necessitate safety testing.
This generic specification establishes standard terms, inspection procedures and methods of test for use in sectional and detail specifications within the IECQ-CECC system for electronic components.
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document
For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies
NOTE Components other than inductors and capacitors in the filter unit should fulfil requirements in the relevant
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV)
IEC 60062, Marking codes for resistors and capacitors
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Tests B: Dry Heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-13, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test M: Low air pressure
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-17, Basic environmental testing procedures – Part 2: Tests – Test Q: Sealing
IEC 60068-2-20, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test T: Soldering
IEC 60068-2-21, Environmental testing – Part 2-21: Tests – Test U: Robustness of termina- tions and integral mounting devices
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-29, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Eb and guidance: Bump
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Db and guidance: Damp heat, cyclic (12 + 12-hour cycle)
IEC 60068-2-45, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test XA and guidance: Immersion in cleaning solvents
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
IEC 60085, Thermal evaluation and classification of electrical insulation
IEC 60294, Measurement of the dimensions of a cylindrical component having two axial terminations.
IEC 60384-14: Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 14: Sectional specification: Fixed capacitors for electromagnetic interference suppression and connection to the supply mains
IEC 60410, Sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes
IEC 60695-2-2, Fire hazard testing – Part 2: Test methods – Section 2: Needle flame test
IEC QC 001002-3, IEC Quality assessment system for electronic components (IECQ) – Rules of procedure – Part 3: Approval procedures
CISPR 17:1981, Methods of measurement of the suppression characteristics of passive radio interference filters and suppression components
ISO 1000:1992, SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units
Units, symbols and terminology
Units, graphical symbols, letter symbols and terminology shall, whenever possible, be taken from the following publications:
When further items are required they shall be derived in accordance with the principles of the publications listed above
For the purpose of the IEC 60939 series, the following terms and definitions apply
Components that share similar design features and manufacturing techniques can be categorized into a type group This grouping facilitates qualification approval and quality conformance inspection, typically governed by a single detail specification.
Components outlined in various detailed specifications can sometimes be classified as the same type, allowing them to be grouped for approval and quality conformance inspection.
2.2.2 style subdivision of a type, generally based on dimensional factors; a style may include several variants, generally of a mechanical order
The electromagnetic interference suppression filter unit is designed to reduce radio interference by assembling various components, including inductive, capacitive, and resistive elements This unit effectively mitigates electromagnetic interference generated by electrical or electronic equipment and other sources.
The maximum root mean square (r.m.s.) operating voltage at the rated frequency, or the maximum direct current (d.c.) operating voltage, can be continuously applied to the terminations of the filter unit within the specified temperature range.
U C maximum voltage which may be applied to a filter at its upper category temperature
2.2.6 lower category temperature minimum ambient temperature for which the filter has been designed to operate continuously
2.2.7 upper category temperature maximum ambient temperature for which the filter unit has been designed to operate continuously
2.2.8 rated temperature maximum ambient temperature at which a filter can carry its rated current
The rated current refers to the maximum root mean square (r.m.s.) operating current at the designated frequency or the maximum direct current (d.c.) rating that permits continuous operation of the filter at the specified temperature This rating is assigned by the manufacturer under two conditions: a) in free air (I RO) and b) with a specified heat sink (I RH).
C R capacitance value for which a capacitor has been designed and which may be indicated upon it
L R inductance value for which the inductor has been designed and which may be indicated upon it
The insertion loss ratio is defined as the comparison of voltage levels before and after a filter is inserted into a circuit This measurement is taken at the terminations, utilizing either a symmetrical or asymmetrical test circuit.
NOTE It is normally expressed in decibels, when the insertion loss is 20 times the logarithm to base 10 of this ratio
2.2.13 asymmetrical test circuit test circuit in which the filter under test is connected as a 3-terminal network, one terminal of which is connected to earth
The signal is applied between the input terminal and earth, while the output is measured between the output terminal and earth A common earth connection exists among the generator, filter, and receiver, as illustrated in Figure 1.
2.2.14 symmetrical test circuit test circuit in which the filter under test is connected as a 4-terminal network
The test signal is applied symmetrically to the two input terminals, meaning it has equal magnitude but opposite phase on each terminal The output is then measured between the remaining two terminals.
NOTE 2 It is usual to perform symmetrical tests using an asymmetrical generator and receiver with suitable balance-to-unbalance transformers connected between them and the filter under test
2.2.15 visible damage visible damage which reduces the usability of the filter for its intended purpose
Asymmetrical test circuit Symmetrical test circuit
Figure 1 – Asymmetrical and symmetrical test circuit
2.2.16 passive flammability ability of a filter to burn with a flame as a consequence of the application of an external source of heat
2.2.17 active flammability ability of a filter to burn with a flame as a consequence of electrical loading
Each sectional specification shall prescribe the preferred values appropriate to the subfamily covered by that sectional specification
The sectional specification shall indicate the identification criteria and other information to be shown on the filters and the packing
When coding is used for tolerance or date of manufacture, the method shall be selected from those given in IEC 60062
Before filters are qualified according to the procedures of this Clause, the manufacturer shall obtain approval of his organisation following the provisions of IEC QC 001002-3
Two methods are available for the approval of filters of assessed quality These are qualifi- cation approval and capability approval, both according to the provisions of IEC QC 001002-3
For a specific subfamily of filters, it is essential to have distinct sectional specifications for both qualification and capability approval Consequently, capability approval can only be granted once the relevant sectional specification has been published.
Qualification approval is appropriate for a range of filters manufactured to similar design and production processes and conforming to a published detail specification
The testing program outlined in the detailed specification for assessment and performance levels is directly applicable to the filter range that needs qualification, as specified in section 3.5 and the corresponding sectional specification.
Capability approval is essential when filters are produced using standardized design rules through a set of common processes This approach is especially relevant for filters tailored to meet specific user requirements.
Under capability approval, detail specifications fall into the following three categories for:
3.1.2.1 Capability Qualifying Components (CQCs), including process validation test vehicles
A detail specification shall be prepared for each CQC as agreed with the ONS It shall identify the purpose of the CQC and include all relevant test severities and limits
3.1.2.2 Components for listing in the register of approvals (standard catalogue items)
To have a filter included in the IECQ Register of Approvals, manufacturers must create a capability approval detail specification that aligns with the blank detail specification This specification must be registered with the IECQ, allowing the component to be listed in IEC QC 001005: Register of Firms, Products, and Services Approved under the IECQ-CECC System.
The content of the detail specification (often known as a Customer Detail Specification CDS) shall be by agreement between the manufacturer and customer in accordance with
Further information on these detail specifications is given in the relevant blank detail specification
Manufacturing facilities receive approval based on validated design rules, established processes, and quality control procedures, along with test results from capability qualifying components and any process validation test vehicles For more details, refer to section 3.6 and the relevant sectional specification.
The primary stage of filter manufacturing varies based on the construction type: a) for filters made of capacitive elements, the manufacturing process aligns with that of similar capacitors as per the relevant specifications; b) for filters utilizing inductive elements, the initial stage focuses on winding the inductive components; c) for filters combining capacitive and inductive elements, whether sourced externally or produced in-house, the primary stage involves evaluating these elements, with further definitions provided in the sectional specifications.
The manufacturer shall not sub-contract the primary stage of manufacture or any subsequent stage, except as follows:
– for a) in 3.2, the manufacturer may use capacitors released under the IECQ-CECC system;
– for b) in 3.2, the manufacturer may use inductors released under the IECQ-CECC system;
– for a), b) and c) in 3.2, painting and plating may be subcontracted
The grouping of structurally similar filters for qualification approval testing or for quality conformance testing under qualification approval or capability approval shall be prescribed in the relevant sectional specification
The manufacturer shall comply with 3.1.1 of IEC QC 001002-3
The manufacturer shall comply with 3.1.3 of IEC QC 001002-3
3.5.3 Test procedure for qualification approval
One of the two following procedures shall be followed:
The manufacturer must provide test evidence demonstrating compliance with specification requirements for three inspection lots during lot-by-lot inspections conducted in a timely manner, along with one lot for periodic inspection It is essential that no significant changes to the manufacturing process occur while these inspection lots are being evaluated.
Preferred values
Each sectional specification shall prescribe the preferred values appropriate to the subfamily covered by that sectional specification.
Marking
The sectional specification shall indicate the identification criteria and other information to be shown on the filters and the packing
When coding is used for tolerance or date of manufacture, the method shall be selected from those given in IEC 60062
General
Before filters are qualified according to the procedures of this Clause, the manufacturer shall obtain approval of his organisation following the provisions of IEC QC 001002-3
Two methods are available for the approval of filters of assessed quality These are qualifi- cation approval and capability approval, both according to the provisions of IEC QC 001002-3
For a specific subfamily of filters, it is essential to have distinct sectional specifications for both qualification and capability approval Consequently, capability approval can only be granted once the relevant sectional specification has been published.
Qualification approval is appropriate for a range of filters manufactured to similar design and production processes and conforming to a published detail specification
The testing program outlined in the detailed specification for assessment and performance levels is directly applicable to the filter range that needs qualification, as specified in section 3.5 and the corresponding sectional specification.
Capability approval is essential when filters are produced using standardized design rules through a set of common processes This approach is especially relevant for filters tailored to meet specific user requirements.
Under capability approval, detail specifications fall into the following three categories for:
3.1.2.1 Capability Qualifying Components (CQCs), including process validation test vehicles
A detail specification shall be prepared for each CQC as agreed with the ONS It shall identify the purpose of the CQC and include all relevant test severities and limits
3.1.2.2 Components for listing in the register of approvals (standard catalogue items)
To have a filter included in the IECQ Register of Approvals, manufacturers must create a capability approval detail specification that aligns with the blank detail specification This specification must be registered with the IECQ, allowing the component to be listed in IEC QC 001005: Register of Firms, Products, and Services Approved under the IECQ-CECC System.
The content of the detail specification (often known as a Customer Detail Specification CDS) shall be by agreement between the manufacturer and customer in accordance with
Further information on these detail specifications is given in the relevant blank detail specification
Approval for a manufacturing facility is granted based on validated design rules, processes, and quality control procedures, along with test results on capability qualifying components, including any process validation test vehicles For more details, refer to section 3.6 and the relevant sectional specification.
Primary stage of manufacture
The primary stage of filter manufacturing varies based on the construction type For filters made of capacitive elements, the manufacturing process aligns with that of capacitors of the same technology, as outlined in the relevant specifications In contrast, for filters utilizing inductive elements, the initial manufacturing step focuses on winding the inductive components Additionally, for filters that combine both capacitive and inductive elements, whether sourced externally or produced in-house, the primary stage involves evaluating these components, which may include capacitive, inductive, or resistive elements, as further detailed in the specifications.
Subcontracting
The manufacturer shall not sub-contract the primary stage of manufacture or any subsequent stage, except as follows:
– for a) in 3.2, the manufacturer may use capacitors released under the IECQ-CECC system;
– for b) in 3.2, the manufacturer may use inductors released under the IECQ-CECC system;
– for a), b) and c) in 3.2, painting and plating may be subcontracted.
Structurally similar filters
The grouping of structurally similar filters for qualification approval testing or for quality conformance testing under qualification approval or capability approval shall be prescribed in the relevant sectional specification
Qualification approval procedures
The manufacturer shall comply with 3.1.1 of IEC QC 001002-3
The manufacturer shall comply with 3.1.3 of IEC QC 001002-3
3.5.3 Test procedure for qualification approval
One of the two following procedures shall be followed:
The manufacturer must provide test evidence demonstrating compliance with specification requirements for three inspection lots during lot-by-lot inspections conducted in a timely manner, along with one lot for periodic inspection It is essential that no significant changes to the manufacturing process occur while these inspection lots are being evaluated.
Samples will be collected from the lots following IEC 60410 standards While normal inspection methods will be applied, if the sample size allows for acceptance based on zero defectives, extra specimens will be required to ensure the sample size meets the criteria for acceptance with one defective.
2) The manufacturer shall produce test evidence to show conformance to the specification requirements on the fixed sample size test schedule given in the sectional specification
The specimens taken to form the sample shall be selected at random from current production or as agreed with the National Supervising Inspectorate
For the two procedures, the sample sizes and the number of permissible defectives shall be of comparable order The test conditions and requirements shall be the same
Qualification approval shall be granted when the procedures in accordance with Clause 3 of
IEC QC 001002-3 have been completed satisfactorily
Qualification approval shall be maintained by regular demonstration of compliance with the requirements for quality conformance (see 3.5.6)
The blank detail specifications linked to the sectional specification will outline the testing schedule for quality conformance inspections This schedule will detail the grouping, sampling methods, and frequency for both lot-by-lot and periodic inspections.
Capability approval procedures
The manufacturer shall comply with 4.2.1 of IEC QC 001002-3
The manufacturer shall comply with 4.2.4 of IEC QC 001002-3
The description of the capability shall be made in a capability manual in accordance with
Clause 4 of IEC QC 001002-3 and the requirements of the relevant sectional specification
The ONS shall treat the capability manual as a confidential document The manufacturer may, if he so wishes, disclose part or all of it to a third party
3.6.4 Demonstration and verification of capability
The manufacturer shall demonstrate and verify the capability in accordance with Clause 4 of
IEC QC 001002-3 and the requirements of the relevant sectional specification
Capability approval shall be granted when the procedures in accordance with Clause 4 of
IEC QC 001002-3 have been completed satisfactorily
Capability approval shall be maintained by complying with the requirements in Clause 4 of
IEC QC 001002-3 and the requirements declared in the capability manual, following the schedule of maintenance given in the relevant sectional specification
The quality conformance test requirements are given in the detail specification and shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 4 of IEC QC 001002-3
The specimens taken to form the sample shall be selected at random from current production or as agreed with the national supervising inspectorate.
Rework and repair work
Rework is the rectification of processing errors prior to the release of a filter
Rework on a specific component is only permitted if allowed by the relevant sectional specification, which will indicate any limitations on the number of rework instances.
All rework shall be carried out prior to the formation of the inspection lot offered for inspection to the requirements of the detail specification
Such rework procedures shall be fully described in the relevant documentation produced by the manufacturer and shall be carried out under the direct control of the chief inspector
Subcontracting of rework is not permitted
Repair is an activity to restore the good condition of an approved filter which has been damaged or become defective after release
Filters which have been repaired shall not be released under the IECQ-CECC system
Release for delivery
Filters shall be released for delivery according to IEC QC 001002-3 after the quality conformance inspection prescribed in the detail specification has been carried out
3.8.2 Release for delivery under qualification approval before the completion of
Once the requirements of IEC 60410 for transitioning to reduced inspection are met for all Group B tests, manufacturers are allowed to release components prior to the completion of these tests.
Certified test records
When certified test records are required by a purchaser according to the relevant specification, they must include essential information such as the number of components tested and the number of defective components for tests in the subgroups under periodic inspection, without referencing the rejection parameter Additionally, the records should provide variables information regarding the changes in insertion loss and insulation resistance following the endurance test, as specified in the sectional guidelines.
NOTE For capability approval, the certified test records will refer only to tests carried out on capability qualifying components.
Delayed delivery
Filters must be re-examined before delivery if they have been held for more than three years, unless stated otherwise in the sectional specification.
The re-examination procedure adopted by the manufacturer's chief inspector shall be approved by the ONS
Once a lot has been satisfactorily re-inspected, its quality is re-assured for the specified period.
Alternative test methods
The specified test and measurement methods are not the only options available; however, manufacturers must demonstrate to the ONS that any alternative methods yield results equivalent to those specified In the event of a dispute, only the specified methods will be utilized for reference and arbitration.
Unchecked parameters
Only the parameters of a component outlined in the detailed specification and subject to testing can be considered to meet the specified limits It cannot be assumed that unspecified parameters will remain consistent across different components If it becomes necessary to control additional parameters, a revised and more comprehensive specification must be created, detailing the new test methods along with the appropriate limits, Acceptable Quality Levels (AQLs), and inspection levels.
General
The specification must include tables detailing the tests to be conducted, the measurements required before and after each test or subgroup, and the order of execution Each test must follow the prescribed sequence, ensuring that the measuring conditions remain consistent for both initial and final measurements.
If national specifications within any Quality Assessment System include methods other than those specified in the above documents, they shall be fully described.
Standard atmospheric conditions
4.2.1 Standard atmospheric conditions for testing
Unless otherwise specified, all tests and measurements shall be made under standard atmospheric conditions for testing as given in 5.3 of IEC 60068-1
– air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa
Before taking measurements, it is essential to store the filter at the measuring temperature for a duration that ensures the entire filter reaches this temperature Typically, the recovery period specified at the conclusion of a test is adequate for this purpose.
Measurements taken at temperatures different from the specified one must be corrected accordingly, and the ambient temperature during these measurements should be included in the test report In case of a dispute, the measurements must be redone at one of the referee temperatures outlined in section 4.2.3, along with any other conditions specified in this Generic specification.
When tests are conducted in a sequence, the final measurements of one test may be taken as the initial measurements for the succeeding test
During measurements, the filter shall not be exposed to draughts, direct sunrays or other influences likely to cause error
Unless otherwise specified, recovery shall take place under the standard atmospheric conditions for testing (see 4.2.1)
If recovery has to be made under closely controlled conditions, the controlled recovery conditions of 5.4.1 of IEC 60068-1 shall be used
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant sectional or detail specification, a duration of 1 h to
For referee purposes, one of the standard atmospheric conditions for referee tests taken from
5.2 of IEC 60068-1, as given in Table 1, shall be chosen
For reference purposes, the standard atmospheric conditions for reference given in 5.1 of