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Tiêu đề Current Collection Systems - Technical Criteria For The Interaction Between Pantograph And Overhead Line (To Achieve Free Access)
Trường học British Standards Institution
Chuyên ngành Railway Applications
Thể loại Standard
Năm xuất bản 2012
Thành phố Brussels
Định dạng
Số trang 48
Dung lượng 1,25 MB

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Cấu trúc

  • 5.1 General (12)
  • 5.2 Overhead contact line characteristics (12)
    • 5.2.1 General (12)
    • 5.2.2 Gauges (12)
    • 5.2.3 Contact wire height (12)
    • 5.2.4 Contact wire gradient (13)
    • 5.2.5 Lateral deviation (13)
    • 5.2.6 Contact wire uplift (14)
    • 5.2.7 Neutral sections (14)
    • 5.2.8 Change over area between pantograph profiles (14)
  • 5.3 Pantograph characteristics (14)
    • 5.3.1 General (14)
    • 5.3.2 Assessment of the pantograph profile (15)
    • 5.3.3 Conducting range (17)
  • 6.1 General (17)
  • 6.2 Contact wire (17)
  • 6.3 Contact strips (17)
  • 7.1 General (18)
  • 7.2 Current capacity (18)
  • 7.3 Dynamic behaviour and quality of current collection (19)
  • 8.1 Additional characteristics for automatic dropping device (22)
  • 8.2 Minimum and maximum spacing between two operating pantographs (22)
  • A.1 Neutral sections (24)
    • A.1.1 Principle of neutral section (24)
    • A.1.2 Long neutral section (24)
    • A.1.3 Short neutral section (25)
    • A.1.4 Split neutral section (26)
    • A.1.5 Arrangement of pantograph on trains (26)
  • A.2 Profiles for interoperable pantograph head (28)
    • A.2.1 Pantograph head with length of 1 600 mm (28)
    • A.2.2 Pantograph head with length of 1 950 mm (29)
  • A.3 Additional tests for DC systems (29)
    • A.3.1 Current at standstill (29)
    • A.3.2 Testing conditions (29)
    • A.3.3 Testing procedure (30)
  • A.4 Visualisation of mean contact forces (30)
  • B.1 National characteristics (32)
  • B.2 General characteristics of pantograph head (38)

Nội dung

Note 1 to entry: The contact force is the sum of forces of all contact points contact wire height distance from the top of the rail to the lower face of the contact wire, measured perpe

General

The design and construction of the overhead contact line's geometric characteristics must adhere to section 5.2, while the pantograph's geometric features should comply with section 5.3, tailored to the specific type of infrastructure it will serve.

Overhead contact line characteristics

General

The following geometric parameters of the overhead contact line are defined in order to achieve free access:

• lateral deviation of the contact wire from the track centre line under action of a crosswind;

• free and unrestricted contact wire uplift at the support;

The overhead contact line shall conform to EN 50119.

Gauges

The overhead contact line design must accommodate vehicles that meet the specified vehicle gauge for the route, with the gauge determined in accordance with EN 15273 standards.

Contact wire height

The range of nominal contact wire height shall be in accordance with Table 1

In specific situations like level crossings and loading areas, the contact wire height may be elevated, but it must not exceed a maximum design height of 6.20 meters.

The maximum contact wire height is 6,5 m

The contact wire height may be lower in certain cases related to gauge such as bridges and tunnels Minimum contact wire height shall be calculated in accordance with EN 50119:2009, 5.10.4

Table 1 – Range of nominal contact wire height for AC and DC systems

Range of nominal contact wire height [m] 5,0 up to 5,75 5,0 up to 5,5 5,08 up to 5,3

Contact wire gradient

The permissible contact wire gradient is defined in EN 50119:2009, 5.10.3

The variation in contact wire height shall fulfil the requirements imposed by EN 50119:2009, 5.10.3

According to EN 50119:2009, section 5.10.3, the contact wire gradient can be exceeded under exceptional circumstances when restrictions like level crossings, bridges, and tunnels hinder compliance In such cases, the stipulations of section 7.3 do not apply, and the contact force must remain within the maximum limit specified in section 5.2.5.2 of EN 50119:2009.

Lateral deviation

The maximum lateral deviation of the contact wire is determined by considering the total movement of the pantograph relative to the nominal track position, along with the conducting range or working length for pantographs with conductive horns The formula used for this calculation is: \$$d = h + w - l - b - b'\$$

The values shall be adjusted taking into account the pantograph movement, track gauge and track tolerances according to EN 15273 and the following reference parameters:

The dimensions for pantographs are specified as follows: for I = 0.066 m and D'0 = 0.066 m, the height measurements are h'o = 6.500 m and h'u = 5.000 m The width (c b w) is 600 mm according to Figure A.6, while the width (b w) is 800 mm for the same figure Additionally, for Figure A.7, the width (c b w) is 775 mm and the width (b w) is 975 mm.

The maximum allowable lateral deviation of the contact wire, perpendicular to the design track center line due to cross wind, is specified in Table 2 for interoperable pantographs as defined in A.2.

Pantograph length Maximum lateral deviation

For multi-rail tracks, interoperability requirements must be met for each pair of rails that are designed to operate as separate tracks.

The wind speed and the pantograph length to be considered will be defined by the infrastructure manager.

Contact wire uplift

The requirements for the allowance for contact wire uplift at the support are defined in EN 50119:2009, 5.10.2.

Neutral sections

For operation through neutral sections see EN 50388 The requirements for the design of neutral sections are defined as follows:

• trains shall be able to move from one section to an adjacent one (which is fed from a different phase or system) without bridging the neutral section;

The neutral section must be engineered to accommodate trains equipped with multiple pantographs, arranged as specified in A.1.5, allowing for a maximum separation of 400 meters while ensuring that all pantographs can remain raised during passage.

• adequate means shall be provided to allow a train that is stopped within the phase separation section to be restarted

For trains equipped with multiple pantographs, it is essential to lower them throughout the entire neutral section if any specified requirements are not fulfilled To ensure safety and operational availability, appropriate technical or operational measures must be implemented.

For compatibility between neutral sections and certain arrangements of pantographs, see Clause 8.

Change over area between pantograph profiles

In areas where different pantograph profiles intersect, a changeover zone must be established Within this zone, one pantograph type is lowered while the other is elevated The overhead contact line in the shared area for various pantograph profiles should be specifically designed to accommodate these transitions.

• the lateral deviation of the contact wire according to 5.2.5 shall be calculated for a pantograph with the shortest length of head;

• the pantograph gauge according to 5.2.2 shall be calculated for a pantograph with the largest length of head

The new pantograph shall not be raised before the other is lowered

NOTE Lowering of a pantograph before raising another one is necessary to avoid a critical uplift of the contact wire and unexpected high contact forces.

Pantograph characteristics

General

The following geometric parameters of the pantograph are important to interaction performance:

• geometric profile of pantograph head;

• working range of the height of pantograph;

• maximum width of pantograph head;

• encroachment of the pantograph head above the contact line

The maximum encroachment of pantograph head shall not exceed 60 mm under all conditions according to EN 15273-1:2009, 8.1.1.2

NOTE 1 Typically the critical case is with the contact point at the limit of the contact strips with maximum contact forces applied

The maximum lateral deviation of the contact wire using interoperable pantograph heads is specified in 5.2.5

The pantograph design must meet performance standards outlined in Clause 7, accommodating the specified speed range and a contact wire height as per Section 5.2.2 and Table 3 The maximum working height is set at 6.5 meters.

Table 3 – Pantograph characteristics for AC and DC systems

Profile of pantograph heads a See Figure A.6 and Figure A.7

Maximum width of pantograph head (m) b 0,65

Mechanical kinematic pantograph gauge See 5.2.2 a See Figures B.1 to B.7 for the national profiles for existing lines b Maximum width of pantograph head, see A.1

NOTE 2The reference point for the pantograph profiles refers to the contact point (of contact strip and contact wire) at the centre of the pantograph head

The pantograph shall conform to EN 50206-1 Additional tests are defined in 5.3.2.

Assessment of the pantograph profile

An assessment of the pantograph profile shall be undertaken on a new pantograph

Pantograph heads shall remain compliant with the overall profile according Figures A.6 and A.7

Maximum vertical deviation from the nominal pantograph profile is allowed only downwards and shall be less than 30 mm

Deviations below the pantograph profile inside the minimum collector strip length shall not exceed 5° against a line horizontal to the pantograph when in a horizontal orientation

5.3.2.2 Non-continuous pantograph head profile (independent suspended collector strips)

Additional assessments to 5.3.2.1 shall be undertaken as follows:

The transition between independently parts of the pantograph head shall be checked

For pantograph heads fitted with contact strips having independent suspensions, the test value of nominal static contact force given in Table 4 is applied to the centre of the head

For pantographs capable of operating with different static forces (multi voltage pantographs), the lowest value shall be used

The location of the transition point between independently suspended parts of the collector head shall be less than 300 mm from the end of the pantograph

Deviations downwards from the pantograph profile shall not exceed following maximum gradients against a line horizontal to the pantograph when in a horizontal orientation

• outside the transition zone of pantograph head 30°

• at the transition point of pantograph head 40°

In the transition zone the maximum vertical deviation from the nominal pantograph profile is allowed only downwards and shall be less than 40 mm

1 independently suspended parts of the pantograph head

2 nominal profile of pantograph head (see Figures A.6 and A.7)

4 maximum vertical deviation 40 mm below nominal profile within the transition zone only

5 non independently suspended parts of the pantograph head

Figure 1 – General detail of pantograph with independently suspended collector head

The position of transition point and the angle between the fixed and independent parts at the transition point shall be as defined in Figure 2

Figure 2 – Transition point – 1 600 mm and 1 950 mm pantograph head

Condition: The maximum value for α shall not exceed 40° Maximum value for β is given by Figures A.6 and A.7.

Conducting range

The conducting range and the minimum length of contact strip are defined in Figures A.6 and A.7

General

The performance of contact wire and contact strips, as well as the allowable current at the contact point, is heavily influenced by the materials used for these components To ensure optimal functionality, the properties of the contact wire and contact strips must align with the specifications outlined in sections 6.2 and 6.3.

Contact wire

The contact wire shall comply with the requirements of EN 50149 and shall be used in accordance with

According to EN 50149, the approved materials for contact wire are copper and copper-alloy Alternative materials may be utilized if it can be demonstrated that their properties are equal to or superior to those of the approved materials.

Contact strips

The type of contact strip to be used shall be determined in accordance with the following properties:

For AC lines plain carbon shall be permitted

For DC lines plain carbon and impregnated carbon shall be permitted

For common operation on AC and DC lines plain carbon shall be permitted

Plain carbon collector strips are made from a blend of amorphous and graphite carbon elements Impregnated carbon collector strips are essentially plain carbon strips that have their cavities filled with metal, with the level of impregnation specified by a weight percentage.

Contact strips made from other materials shall be subject to agreement between the Infrastructure Manager and Railway Undertaking

Operation with different contact strip materials on the same infrastructure network (see Table C.1) shall be based on an agreement between Infrastructure Manager and Railway Undertaking

Using contact strips made of mixed materials in networks may lead to increased wear on both the contact strips and the contact wire Future revisions of this standard will incorporate recommendations based on ongoing investigations.

The contact strips shall be tested in accordance with EN 50405

For DC systems additional tests according to A.3 shall be performed to check the maximum current at standstill

General

The performance of the overhead contact line and pantograph interface shall be subject to conformity assessment.

To ensure uninterrupted current collection, it is essential to adhere to specific functional requirements concerning the geometric profile of the pantograph head and the vehicle's dynamic behavior, such as the kinematic envelope These requirements guarantee that at least one contact wire remains within the conducting range of the pantograph head, accounting for all tolerances.

Current capacity

The current in the overhead contact line depends on different parameters such as speed, train weight, number of and distance between trains, line gradient and power supply system

The properties of pantograph and contact wire shall be such that overheating does not occur

The maximum allowed current collected by the pantograph depends on the following parameters:

• number and material of contact wires;

• number and material of contact strips;

• actual contact forces at the contact point;

The train's current demand must adhere to the overhead contact line's working limits as specified in EN 50388:2012, Table 2 Additionally, the temperature limits for the conductors should align with these standards.

Static contact force, as defined in EN 50206-1:2010, 3.3.5, is the force applied by the pantograph onto the contact wire The design of the overhead contact line must accommodate the static contact force outlined in Table 4.

Table 4 – Static contact forces Range for application [N] Test value [N]

Conformity assessment for static contact force shall be carried out by design review and measurements in accordance with EN 50206-1

Compatibility with current at standstill performance shall be assessed according to A.3.1 The maximum current at standstill is given in Table 5

Table 5 – Maximum current at standstill

Maximum current at standstill per pantograph (A) 80 300 200

Dynamic behaviour and quality of current collection

Safety and performance of train operation and wear of the contact strips and contact wire are influenced by the dynamic interaction between the pantograph and the overhead contact line

The dynamic behavior of a train is influenced by the characteristics of the pantograph and overhead contact line, as well as the operating conditions Key factors include the train's speed and the number, distance, and positioning of the pantographs.

The number of pantographs and their minimum spacing are constrained by the dynamic performance of both the pantograph and the overhead contact line It is essential to design the overhead contact line to meet the dynamic behavior requirements, ensuring that the contact wire uplift at the designated speed adheres to the specifications outlined in Table 6.

The quality of current collection has a fundamental impact on the life of a contact wire and shall therefore comply with agreed and measurable parameters

Compliance with the requirements for dynamic behaviour shall be verified by assessment of:

• contact wire uplift and for quality of current collection, either

• mean contact force F m and standard deviation σ max or

The Infrastructure Manager will determine the appropriate measurement system to be utilized, with the target values specified in Tables 6 and 7 These values must be measured in compliance with EN 50317 standards.

To assess performance with multiple pantographs, the one exhibiting the most critical values must be prioritized The identification of the worst-performing pantograph should be conducted through simulation as per EN 50318 or through testing in accordance with EN 50317.

Table 6 shows limits for interaction performance These values shall apply for the range of nominal contact wire heights given in Table 1 to any operating pantograph

The force \( F_m \) for any pantograph must remain within the design and approval limits specified in Table 6 Additionally, each pantograph must meet the established criteria for current collection quality.

For speeds higher than 320 km/h national rules for the value of F m shall apply

Table 6 outlines the limits for interaction performance based on contact force and line speed categories For speeds up to 200 km/h in AC systems, the maximum design limit for contact force is defined by the equation \$F_{m,max} < 0.00047 v^2 + 90\$ In contrast, for speeds exceeding 200 km/h in AC systems, the limit adjusts to \$F_{m,max} < 0.00097 v^2 + 70\$ For DC systems at 1.5 kV, the maximum force for speeds up to 200 km/h is \$F_{m,max} < 0.00097 v^2 + 140\$, while for speeds above 200 km/h, it is \$F_{m,max} < 0.00228 v^2 + 90\$ At 3 kV DC, the limits are \$F_{m,max} < 0.00097 v^2 + 110\$ for speeds up to 200 km/h and \$F_{m,max} < 0.0009 + 110\$ for higher speeds The minimum force required for pantograph approval is \$F_{m,min} = 0.00047 v^2 + 60\$ for AC systems and \$F_{m,min} = 0.00112 v^2 + 70\$ for DC systems Additionally, the maximum stress at maximum speed is \$\sigma_{max} = 0.3 F_{m}\$, ensuring adequate space for unrestricted uplift of the contact wire.

According to EN 50119:2009, section 5.10.2, any simulations utilized must be validated in compliance with EN 50318 For visual representation of the formulas, refer to Figures A.8 to A.10 The overhead contact line must be designed to withstand a minimum mean force (F_m) specified in the standard, while the pantograph design should not exceed this mean force Additionally, the limit of σ = 0.3 F_m indicates a probability of less than 0.27% for contact forces falling below 0.1 F_m, assuming a Gaussian distribution of forces.

Table 7 – Values for interaction performance (arcs)

Percentage of arcing at maximum line speed, NQ (%) (minimum duration of arc

In the event of a failure of the primary pantograph, if continued operation at normal speed is necessary using the backup pantograph, the value of NQ must not exceed 0.5 If normal speed is not required, the train should operate at a speed that ensures the normal value is maintained.

NQ The operation conditions shall be subject to agreement by the Infrastructure Manager

Additional characteristics for automatic dropping device

An automatic dropping device shall be employed for lines with speed of 160 km/h or more

The pantograph must lower to the minimum dynamic electrical clearance in under 3 seconds and return to the housed position in less than 10 seconds Additionally, the circuit breaker should be opened prior to lowering the pantograph.

Minimum and maximum spacing between two operating pantographs

The overhead contact line must be designed to accommodate at least two adjacent pantographs, classified as type A, B, or C according to the specifications in Table 8 The measurement is taken between the center lines of the pantograph heads, with the Infrastructure Manager responsible for defining the appropriate line type as outlined in Table 8.

The maximum width limits are crucial for the proper functioning of sectioning devices, while the distance limits between operating pantographs are essential for the effective operation of neutral sections, as outlined in section A.1.

In AC systems, pantographs must remain electrically isolated from the train, while in DC systems, an electrical connection between operating pantographs is permitted only if a device is installed to interrupt this connection.

Table 8 – Minimum distances of operating pantographs

AC 3 kV DC 1,5 kV DC

Minimum distances of operating pantographs [m]

Neutral sections

Principle of neutral section

Figure A.1 – Principle of neutral section

The distance L shall be in accordance with Table 8 It is only interoperable for a pantograph distance L of

200 m For other distances see Tables B.3 and B.4.

Long neutral section

In the configuration shown in Figure A.2, the neutral section exceeds the distance between the most distant pantographs on an interoperable train, which can reach a maximum length of 400 meters.

Short neutral section

In the case of Figure A.3, the neutral sections (d) may be formed by neutral section insulators and the dimensions shall be as follows:

This small length ensures that the probability of a train stopping inside the phase separation does not require the adequate means to restart

The length of d shall be chosen in accordance with the system voltage, maximum line speed and the maximum pantograph width l

The centre section may be connected to the current return path

Split neutral section

Depending on speed and line characteristics one of the following two configurations may be used

Arrangement of pantograph on trains

To effectively negotiate neutral sections, the maximum distance between pantographs on a train must not exceed 400 m, with the span covering three consecutive pantographs (L’’) being greater than distance D The intermediate pantograph can be positioned anywhere within this range, but there must be a minimum separation of 8 m between operating pantographs The Infrastructure Manager will determine the maximum operating train speed based on the minimum spacing between adjacent pantographs In AC systems, it is crucial that no electrical connection exists between active pantographs.

Figure A.5 – Arrangement of pantograph on trains

Figure A.5 shows the arrangement of pantographs which is compatible with the solutions shown in Figure A.3

For the solutions shown in Figures A.2 and A.4, the pantograph arrangement shall be agreed with the Infrastructure Manager

Profiles for interoperable pantograph head

Pantograph head with length of 1 600 mm

1 horn made of insulating material (projected length 200 mm)

2 minimum length of the contact strip 800 mm

3 working zone (equivalent to conducting range) of pantograph head 1 200 mm

Figure A.6 – Profile of pantograph head with length of 1 600 mm

NOTE The interoperable 1 600 mm pantograph head allows operation at lines designed for 1 450 mm pantograph head Therefore the insulated horns are strictly necessary

The permissible values for pantograph head encroachment and for deviations from the profile are defined in 5.3

Contact between the contact wire and pantograph head can occur outside the designated contact strips and throughout the entire conducting range, particularly in specific line sections under challenging conditions, such as when vehicle swaying coincides with strong winds.

Pantograph head with length of 1 950 mm

1 horn made of insulating material (projected length maximum 200 mm)

2 minimum length of the contact strip 1 000 mm

3 working zone (equivalent to conducting range) of collector head 1 550 mm

5 working zone of pantograph head 1 450 mm

Figure A.7 – Profile of pantograph head with length of 1 950 mm

The design of infrastructure gauge shall allow a pantograph head with conductive horn.

The 1,950 mm pantograph head necessitates a conducting part of 1,550 mm, allowing for the installation of insulated horns up to 200 mm to satisfy insulation standards for the vehicle roof.

Additional tests for DC systems

Current at standstill

The temperature rise of the contact wire by the current at standstill shall be checked for DC systems, if required by the Infrastructure Manager

NOTE 1A check for AC systems is not necessary, because of the lower current at standstill

NOTE 2This relates predominantly to the train auxiliary equipment current consumption.

Testing conditions

The current capacity test between the pantograph and contact line must be conducted using the full configuration of both components However, tests with a reduced configuration are permissible if it can be demonstrated that they accurately reflect the actual conditions regarding current, static force, material composition, and the geometry of the contact between the contact strip and the contact wire.

The contact strips shall be in a condition of initial wear for this purpose The contact wires shall be new for the tests

Testing shall be performed in a protected environment (e.g in a closed workshop) in order to avoid any influences from flows of air

Testing will be conducted based on the overhead contact line system, which may consist of one or two contact wires fitted with temperature sensors These sensors should be positioned as close as possible to the contact surface to ensure accurate readings.

Testing procedure

Testing shall be performed with the static force to be used in operation

The current collected by the pantograph shall be representative of the maximum current consumption of the rolling stock with the specified limit in Table 5

Each test is conducted for a duration of 30 minutes, unless a sensor indicates that the temperature has exceeded the maximum allowable limit for the contact wires, at which point the test will be halted.

Current and temperature shall be continually recorded

Testing shall be deemed to be satisfactory if the maximum temperature of the contact wires after 30 min is not higher than the value stipulated by EN 50119:2009, 5.1.2.

Visualisation of mean contact forces

Mean Contact Force (N) v ≤ 200 km/h Fm max = 0,00047v² + 90 v > 200 km/h Fm max = 0,00097v² + 70

Figure A.8 – Visualisation of mean contact forces AC

Mean Contact Force (N) v ≤ 200 km/h Fm max = 0,00097v² + 140 v > 200 km/h Fm max = 0,00228v² + 90

Figure A.9 – Visualisation of mean contact forces DC 1,5 kV

Speed (km/h) Mean Contact Force (N) Fm max = 0,00097v² + 110

Figure A.10 – Visualisation of mean contact forces DC 3,0 kV

Special national condition: National characteristic or practice that cannot be changed even over a long period, e.g climatic conditions, electrical earthing conditions

This annex gives additional information for train operators for access conditions on existing lines.

National characteristics

The values of the contact forces given in Table B.5 and B.6 are based on national measurement systems

-31 - Table B.1 – Overhead contact line characteristics for AC systems ATBE CH CZ DE DK ESET a FIFRGBNL NOSE Nom inal c ont act w ire hei ght (m ) 5, 3 5, 5 5, 75

The overhead contact line characteristics for DC systems vary by country, with nominal contact wire heights ranging from 5.1 m to 5.6 m The maximum contact wire heights are generally between 5.75 m and 6.5 m, while the minimum heights fall between 4.47 m and 5.0 m Additionally, the maximum lateral deviation of the contact wire from the track centerline due to crosswinds is typically around 0.4 m to 0.56 m Specific routes may allow for reduced heights, such as a minimum of 3.925 m.

0, 4 0, 55 0, 55 0, 4 0, 4 0, 53 0, 5 0, 35 a For regul at ed 3 kV c at enary s ys te m s b For non-regul at ed 3 kV c at enary sys te m s.

Table B.3 outlines the rolling stock characteristics for AC systems across various countries, including AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK, FI, FR, GB, NO, and SE It highlights the geometric profile of the pantograph head, referencing Figures B.1, B.2, B.3, B.5, and B.6 for visual representation Additionally, it specifies the range of working height of the pantograph for normal performance in meters.

4, 6 t o 6, 2 4, 8 t o 6, 1 4, Range of w ork ing hei ght of pant ograph for l ow s peed ( m )

The length of contact strips varies between 4.6 to 6.2 meters, with a maximum width of 0.65 meters The minimum value for F stat ranges from 55 to 70 N, indicating the necessary specifications for the automatic dropping device It is essential for all HS lines, while only certain configurations require it The number of pantographs in action per train is also a critical factor to consider.

1,2 ,3 1,2 ,3 ,4 1,2 ,3 ,4 1,2 ,3 ,4 1,2 ,3 ,4 1,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 1,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 1,2 ,3 ,4 1,2 ,3 1,2 ,3 1,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 1,2 M ini m um and m ax im um s pa ci ng bet w een t w o operat ing pant ographs (m )

The operational parameters for the railway infrastructure include specific limitations on the length (L) of trains, with ranges such as 10 - 365 and 20 < L < 35, as well as conditions where L must be less than 29 or greater than 74 For high-speed lines, L must exceed 10, 20, and 40, with additional requirements for new and upgraded vehicles The Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) is subject to these regulations, and trains with a distance between two operating pantographs lower than 20 m are accepted, provided that the uplift of the contact wire and contact forces are within limits In some existing French high-speed lines, a limitation device may be necessary to prevent pantographs from exceeding a specified height within the working range.

Table B.4 outlines the rolling stock characteristics for DC systems across various countries, including Belgium, Czech Republic, Spain, France, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia It highlights the geometric profile of the pantograph head, referencing Figures B.1, B.2, B.3, B.4, B.5, B.7, and B.8 for detailed visual representation Additionally, it specifies the range of working heights of the pantograph for normal performance in meters.

The working height range of the pantograph for low speed varies from 4.6 to 6.5 meters, with specific lengths of contact strips ranging from 0.85 to 1.03 meters The maximum width of the pantographs is between 0.56 and 0.65 meters, while the minimum value for F stat is consistently set at 70 or 90 Newtons An automatic dropping device is necessary only for HS-lined pantographs, and the number of pantographs in action per train can range from 1 to 6 Additionally, the minimum and maximum spacing between two operating pantographs is crucial for optimal performance.

In the Netherlands, a limitation device for maximum working height is required for certain existing lines, with a working height of 5.86 m The profile is set at 1760 mm, and the use of five pantographs must be approved by the Infrastructure Manager, subject to specific restrictions and a commercial agreement For new and upgraded vehicles, the maximum static force for FR 1, 5 kV is 110 N, increasing to 140 N when at a standstill Additionally, some existing French high-speed lines may require a limitation device to prevent pantographs from exceeding a specified height within the working range The contact force is selected for a maximum contact point temperature of less than 150 °C when at a standstill.

The interaction performance for AC systems across various countries, including Germany (DE), Denmark (DK), Sweden (SE), Finland (FI), France (FR), Great Britain (GB), Norway (NO), and the Netherlands (NL), shows varying speed limits and force metrics Speed limits are set at 250 km/h for some regions, while others are capped at 200 km/h or lower The maximum force (F_m) ranges from 110 N to 250 N, with minimum force (F_min) values varying significantly, indicating different operational thresholds Additionally, the standard deviation (σ) of force measurements is noted, with values between 24 N and 40 N The maximum permissible uplift of the contact wire at the support is also specified, highlighting the structural considerations in these systems.

120 80 120 80 125 a Open rout e b Tw o pant ographs and s hort di st an ce (~ 36 m ) c V al ues w ithout inert ia c orrect ion.

Table B.6 presents the interaction performance metrics for DC systems across various countries, including Belgium (BE), Spain (ES), France (FR), the Netherlands (NL), Italy (IT), and Poland (PL) The speed limits for these systems vary, with maximum speeds of less than 160 km/h, up to 220 km/h, and specific thresholds for different countries The force metrics include a maximum force (F_max) ranging from 300 N to 350 N, a minimum force (F_min) of 20 N to 40 N, and a standard deviation (σ) of 43 N Notably, the maximum permissible uplift of the contact wire at the support varies, with values between 80 mm and 120 mm For TS I applications, the force must remain below 0.0017 v² + 110 N with a static force of 140 N.

General characteristics of pantograph head

(CH= 165) Length of the Pantograph head = 1 450

Horn made from insulating material for FR, LU, CH

(CH= 165) Length of the Pantograph head = 1 450

Horn made from insulating material for FR, LU, CH

Figure B.1 – Pantograph head with length of 1 450 mm

Figure B.2 – Pantograph head with length of 1 950 mm (Type 1)

Horn made from insulated material

Length of the Pantograph head = 1 600 mm

Horn made from insulated material

Length of the Pantograph head = 1 600 mm

Figure B.3 – Pantograph head with length of 1 600 mm (GB, CTRL)

Length of the Pantograph head = 1 950 mm

Length of the Pantograph head = 1 950 mm

Figure B.4 – Pantograph head with length of 1 950 mm (Type 2)

Figure B.5 – Pantograph head with length of 1 800 mm (NO, SE)

Length of the pantograph head = 1 800 mm

All dimensions are in mm

1) Pantographs with this head profile do not employ horn insulation

2) Total useful length of carbon strip 915mm

3) Dimensions are indicative only; for full manufacturing details see relevant National Standards

Figure B.6 – Pantograph head with length of 1 600 mm (GB)

Figure B.7 – Pantograph head with length of 1 950 mm (PL)

Figure B.8 – Pantograph head with length of 1 760 mm (BE)

Normally used materials for contact strips

Table C.1 – Contact strip material normally used

CH ES FR GB NL SK BE ES FR IT NL SI SK PL

Coverage of Essential Requirements of EU Directives

This European Standard, developed under a mandate from the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, addresses all essential requirements outlined in Annex III of the EU Directive 2008/57/EC.

Compliance with this standard provides one means of conformity with the specified essential requirements of the Directives concerned

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling within the scope of this standard

1692/96/EC, Decision N° 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network, Official Journal L

ERRI A 186, Reports - Interaction between pantograph and overhead contact lines

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