Bsi bs en 29073 3 1992 (1999) iso 9073 3 1989

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 29073 3 1992 ISO 9073 3 1989 Incorporating Amendment No 1 Methods of tests for Nonwovens — Part 3 Determination of tensile strength and elongation The European Standard EN 29073[.]

ISO 9073-3: 1989

Incorporating Amendment No 1

Methods of tests for

Nonwovens —

Part 3: Determination of tensile

strength and elongation

The European Standard EN 29073-3:1992 has the status of a

British Standard

UDC 677.076.4:677.017.42:620.172

BS EN 29073-3:1992

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the

direction of the Textiles and

Clothing Standards Policy

Committee, was published

under the authority of the

Board of BSI and comes

into effect on

31 October 1990

© BSI 03-1999

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this

standard:

Committee reference TCM/19

Draft for comment 87/38338 DC

ISBN 0 580 18394 7

Committees responsible for this British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee (TCM/-) to Technical Committee TCM/19, upon which the following bodies were represented:

British Clothing Industry Association British Nonwovens Manufacturers’ Association British Textile Employers’ Association

British Textile Technology Group Furniture Industry Research Association Guild of Hospital Pharmacists

Man-made Fibres Producers’ Committee National Fillings Trades Association Surgical Dressings Manufacturers’ Association

Amendments issued since publication

1992 Indicated by a sideline in the margin

© BSI 03-1999 i

Contents

Page

BS EN 29073-3:1992

National foreword

This Part of BS 7304 has been prepared under the direction of the Textiles and Clothing Standards Policy Committee It is identical with ISO 9073-3:1989

“Textiles — Test methods for nonwovens — Part 3: Determination of tensile

strength and elongation” The international standard was prepared by Technical

Committee 38, Textiles, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the active participation of the UK

In 1992 the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) accepted ISO 9073-3:1989 as European Standard EN 29073-3:1992 As a consequence of implementing the European Standard this British Standard is renumbered as

BS EN 29073-3 and any reference to BS 7304-3 should be read as a reference to

BS EN 29073-3

In the cross-references, delete “BS 1051:1981 Glossary of terms relating to the conditioning, testing and mass determination of textiles (Technically equivalent)” and substitute the following

BS EN 20139:1992, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and

testing (Identical)

The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 5081:1977, to which reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard

Attention is drawn to the following British Standard which is related to ISO 5081, and gives methods of test for woven fabrics which are also applicable to certain nonwovens

BS 2576:1986, Method for determination of breaking strength and elongation

(strip method) of woven fabrics

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Cross-references

International standard Corresponding British Standard

ISO 139:1973 BS 1051:1981 Glossary of terms relating to the

conditioning, testing and mass determination of textiles (Technically equivalent)

ISO 186:1985 BS 3430:1986 Method for sampling to determine the

average quality of paper and board (Identical)

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover

This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover

EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 1992

UDC 677.076.4:677.017.42:620.172

Descriptors: Textiles, fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, tests, tension tests, tensile strength, elongation at break

English version

Textiles — Test methods for nonwovens — Part 3: Determination of tensile strength and elongation

Textile — Méthodes d’essai pour nontissés

Partie 3: Détermination de la résistance à la

traction et de l’allongement

Textilien — Prüfverfahren von Vliesstoffe — Teil 3: Bestimmung der Höchstzugkraft und der Hochstzugkraftdehnung

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-06-26 CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which

stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a

national standard without any alteration

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national

standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any

CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,

German) A version in any other language made by translation under the

responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the

Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,

Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and

United Kingdom

CEN

European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref No EN 29073-3:1992 E

EN 29073-3:1992

© BSI 03-1999

2

Foreword

The European Standard has been taken over by

CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” from

the work of ISO/TC 38 “Textiles” of the

International Organization for Standardization

(ISO)

The document was submitted to the CEN members

to the Unique Acceptance Procedure and was

approved without any modification

National standards identical to this European

Standard shall be published at the latest

by 1992-12-31 and conflicting national standards

shall be withdrawn at the latest by 1992-12-31

Following the CEN/CENELEC Common Rules the

following countries are bound to implement this

European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland,

Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,

Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

United Kingdom

Contents

Page

6 Preparation and conditioning of

© BSI 03-1999 3

Introduction

Although nonwovens are classified within the

textile industry, it should be recognized that

nonwovens technologically share characteristics not

only with textile products but also with paper

and/or plastic products There is an existing

international textile test, ISO 5081 However, in

order to meet the specific needs of nonwovens,

alternative requirements to those listed in ISO 5081

are specified in this part of ISO 9073 These are

a) a different sampling procedure;

b) a constant rate of extension, i.e 100 mm/min

1 Scope

This part of ISO 9073 specifies a method for the

determination of the tensile properties of

nonwovens by the cut strip method

NOTE Anomalies can occur when testing some spun-laid and

glass fibre nonwovens This may require modification of the test

procedure.

2 Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which,

through reference in this text, constitute provisions

of this part of ISO 9073 At the time of publication,

the editions indicated were valid All standards are

subject to revision, and parties to agreements based

on this part of ISO 9073 are encouraged to

investigate the possibility of applying the most

recent editions of the standards listed below

Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of

currently valid International Standards

ISO 139:1973, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for

conditioning and testing

ISO 186:1985, Paper and board — Sampling to

determine average quality

ISO 5081:1977, Textiles — Woven fabrics —

Determination of breaking strength and elongation

(Strip method)

3 Principle

Application of a force longitudinally to a test piece of

a specified length and width at a constant rate of

extension

Determination of values for breaking strength and

elongation from the recorded force-elongation curve

4 Apparatus

4.1 Tensile testing machine, constant rate of

extension type, equipped with an autographic

recorder to register applied force and clamp

separation

4.2 Clamps, with jaws capable of holding the test

pieces securely across their full width without damage

5 Sampling

Carry out sampling in accordance with ISO 186, where possible taking test specimens of an approximate length at 1 m from the full width of the material Ensure that the areas from which the specimens are taken have no visible flaws and are not creased

NOTE This method of sampling recognizes and makes provisions for “anisotropy” (differences in properties along various directions, principally machine and cross direction) in the final specimens However, these specimens are random representatives of the material and in some cases it may be desirable to investigate systematic variations of properties (including anisotropy), for example across the width, or in certain positions along the length of a given reel In all such cases, special provisions should be agreed between purchaser and vendor and recorded in the test report A procedure for more detailed examination of variability within a given batch of material is available in TAPPI T 11-05-74 and may be found helpful This publication may be obtained from: The Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industries, 1 Dun woody Park, Atlanta, Georgia 30338, USA.

6 Preparation and conditioning of test pieces

6.1 Unless otherwise specified, cut five test pieces in the machine direction and five in the cross-machine direction, ensuring that they are all taken at least 100 mm from the edge and are equally distributed across the width and length of the specimen

6.2 Cut the test pieces 50 mm ± 0,5 mm wide and of sufficient length to allow a jaw separation

of 200 mm, thus avoiding risks due to local heterogeneity of nonwovens or to undue cutting of long-fibre nonwovens

NOTE Wider test pieces and different forms of clamping, e.g C-form or piped form, may be used by agreement between the interested parties; a note of these special conditions should be included in the test report.

6.3 Condition the test pieces as specified in ISO 139

6.4 If wet tensile tests are required, soak the test pieces, without conditioning, for at least 1 h in a solution containing 1 g of a non-ionic wetting agent per litre of distilled water Remove a test piece, shake off excess water, and test immediately Repeat the operation for each of the other nine test pieces

NOTE A wetting time of less than 1 h may be used by agreement between the interested parties; if so, it should be noted in the test report.

7 Procedure

7.1 Carry out the testing in the standard atmosphere for testing (see ISO 139)

ISO 9073-3:1989 (E)

7.2 Set the jaws of the tensile testing

machine 200 mm ± 1 mm apart and clamp the test

piece between them; straighten out the test piece

until the force curve is on the zero line

NOTE 1 Pretensioning may be applied as described in

ISO 5081; if so, it should be noted in the test report.

NOTE 2 Where 200 mm is not available, a shorter test piece

may be tested by agreement between the interested parties; if so,

this should be noted in the test report.

7.3 Apply a constant rate of extension

of 100 mm/min and record the force-elongation

curve for each test piece

NOTE Other rates of extension may be desirable and should be

agreed between the interested parties; if so, they should be noted

in the test report.

8 Expression of results

8.1 Use the force-elongation curve to determine the

maximum breaking strength in newtons If several

peak values for the breaking strength occur during

the test, take the highest value as the maximum

breaking strength, and note this occurrence in the

test report

8.2 Determine the elongation of the test piece at the

maximum breaking strength and express this as a

percentage of the nominal gauge length, that is, the

original jaw separation

8.3 Discard the results from any test piece where the break occurs in the clamp or where any break reaches the jaws at a minimum of one point

8.4 Determine the means of the results, expressing the average breaking strength, in newtons, to the nearest 0,1 N, and the average percentage elongation at break to the nearest 0,5 % Calculate the coefficients of variation of the results

NOTE Rupture energy may also be calculated from the total area under the curve.

9 Test report

The test report shall include the following information:

a) a reference to this part of ISO 9073;

b) all details necessary for the identification of the material;

c) the results of the test in both the machine

direction and cross direction (see 8.4);

d) the conditioning atmosphere used;

e) any unusual features noted during the testing,

or deviations from the standard procedure

© BSI 03-1999

Publication(s) referred to

See national foreword

BS EN

29073-3:1992

ISO 9073-3:

1989

BSI

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