EN 14637 2007 64 e stf BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14637 2007 Building hardware — Electrically controlled hold open systems for fire/smoke door assemblies — Requirements, test methods, application and main[.]
Coding system
For the purpose of this European Standard, hold-open systems shall be classified in accordance with the coding system described in 4.2 to 4.7.
Category of use (first digit)
Only one category of use is identified:
Grade 3: High frequency of use by public and others with little incentive to exercise care, i.e where there is some chance of misuse
Doors in various establishments such as factories, office buildings, hotels, hospitals, and schools serve as essential access points to designated areas These doors are frequently utilized by the public and individuals transporting bulky objects.
Durability (second digit)
Seven grades of durability are identified, based on the hold-open component of the system:
For the test method, 5.5.2 and 5.5.3.2 shall apply.
Door type (third digit)
Five grades of door types and therefore different hold-open systems are identified:
Grade 3: Roller shutter, sectional and lifting doors;
Grade 5: Automatic sliding and folding doors
Where a hold-open system is suitable for use with different door types they all shall be identified.
Suitability for use on fire/smoke door assemblies (fourth digit)
Only one grade of suitability for fire/smoke door assemblies is identified:
Grade 1 is appropriate for fire and smoke door assemblies, provided that a satisfactory evaluation of the door and frame components of the hold-open system confirms their contribution to the fire resistance of the specified assemblies This assessment must be conducted in accordance with EN 1634, as it falls outside the scope of this European Standard.
Safety (fifth digit)
All hold-open systems are required to satisfy the essential requirement of safety in use Therefore only one grade is identified:
Grade 1: All hold-open systems have a critical safety function, therefore only the top grade is identified for the purposes of this European Standard
To achieve this grade, all requirements of EN 14637 shall be met.
Corrosion resistance (sixth digit)
Five grades of corrosion resistance for the hold-open device are identified in accordance with EN 1670:
Grade 0: no defined corrosion resistance;
For all other system components the specific environmental requirements for each component apply.
Example of classification
This denotes an electrically controlled hold-open system conforming to Grade 3 category of use, tested for
The hold-open devices are designed for 50,000 cycles, making them ideal for both swing and sliding doors They are suitable for fire and smoke door assemblies, ensuring safety with a Grade 1 rating and offering high corrosion resistance.
5 Requirements and test methods for components of a hold-open system
General
This clause outlines the requirements, performance characteristics, and operational conditions for hold-open systems in buildings, including test methods to ensure consistent results for conformity assessment Certain components of these systems are detailed in existing product standards, such as EN 1155 for hold-open devices, EN 54-7 for smoke detectors, and EN 54-4 for power supply units Additionally, it specifies restrictions and supplementary requirements related to these standards.
In a hold-open system where all components are housed within a single enclosure, the environmental standards applicable to the component with the least stringent requirements can be extended to the entire assembly.
However, the requirements of 6.8 shall be the minimum level to be applied.
Fire detectors
Smoke detectors
Smoke detectors must meet the standards outlined in EN 54-7, with specific exceptions Firstly, for smoke detectors used in hold-open systems or in assembly groups that are self-contained within a single enclosure and installed on the door lintel, the directional dependence test specified in EN 54-7:2000, section 5.3, will only be applied in orientations allowed by the detector's design Secondly, for optical smoke detectors in similar configurations, the requirement in EN 54-7, section 4.7, can be modified to permit a test opening of ứmax = 2.5 mm, facilitating manual testing of the detector's sensor.
Smoke detectors that do not fully meet the EN 54-7 standards must not be labeled as compliant with EN 54-7 and should only be utilized within their intended enclosures.
NOTE In the case of smoke detectors containing radioactive materials, attention is drawn to national radiation protection regulations and users' obligations there under.
Heat detectors
Heat detectors shall correspond to the requirements specified in EN 54-5
NOTE For standard applications, detector class A1 should be chosen
In the case of high ambient temperatures, other classes of EN 54-5 may be selected.
Resetting the detectors
After a detector has responded, it shall be possible to reinstate (reset) its functional capability by simple means and without special tools
Two methods of resetting fire detectors are identified:
method 1: Automatic reset (self-resetting detector);
method 2: Manual reset (remotely or locally resettable detector)
Fire detectors and hold-open systems that incorporate both method 1 and method 2 resetting options must include safeguards to prevent negligent or accidental changes, as well as to protect against unauthorized interference.
Access level 2 conforming to EN 54-2:1997, Annex A, for selecting either of these two methods, shall be applicable
The resetting test shall be performed by visual inspection.
Power supply units
All power supply units
A power supply unit must provide sufficient electrical energy to all components of the hold-open system The installation instructions should explicitly state the maximum load that can be connected to ensure proper functionality.
Power supply units shall conform to the requirements of EN 54-4:1997, 6.1, 6.2.1 to 6.2.5 inclusive, 6.3 and Clause 7, substituting the term "power supply unit" for the terms, "power supply equipment" or "p.s.e"
Separate power supply units not incorporated with other components of the hold-open system in a single enclosure shall additionally conform to the requirements of EN 54-4:1997, 8 b), c) and d)
Compliance tests shall be conducted in accordance with EN 54-4:1997, 9.1.1, 9.1.2, 9.1.3 b), 9.2 and 9.4 to 9.15 (all tests with reference to batteries shall be omitted)
When power supply units are housed within a single enclosure alongside other components of the hold-open system, environmental testing must be conducted on all components collectively This includes any relevant environmental tests for those components, except for the salt spray test, which is exclusively applicable to the hold-open device.
The correct operation of power supply shall be shown by a light emitting green indicator, conforming to the requirements of EN 54-2:1997, 12.7.1.
For power supply units with stand-by parallel operation
Presence sensors, such as photoelectric cells, contact strips, and light barriers, are essential for ensuring compliance with accident prevention and health and safety regulations, as well as guidelines for rail-bound conveyor systems and other relevant standards.
Power supply units must be equipped with a secondary power source to ensure continuity during power failures This can be achieved through maintenance-free batteries for fire detection and alarm systems or by connecting to an emergency generator Users are obligated to comply with these regulations.
For the duration of the stand-by power supply the recommendations of CEN/TS 54-14 (reduced period of 4 h) shall apply
5.3.2.2 Additional requirements for power supply units with backup batteries
Power supply units with backup batteries shall conform to the requirements specified in EN 54-4:1997and
Hold-open systems equipped with presence sensors must have a battery capacity that ensures the sensors can operate for an additional 30 minutes after the system has closed.
5.3.2.3 Additional requirements for power supply units connected to an emergency generator unit
In the event of a mains power failure, a local stand-by power source, such as an emergency generator unit, must be able to sustain normal operations for at least one hour This requirement is based on the successful completion of the theoretical analysis outlined in section 7.3 for the stand-by power supply unit being tested.
If the local stand-by source is not available immediately, an additional source shall be provided to cover for the start-up period.
Control units
General
Control units must reliably de-energize connected hold-open devices within a maximum of 3 seconds during an alarm, fault, or manual control, ensuring a fail-safe operation A delayed release is only acceptable for hold-open systems that utilize presence sensors to monitor the closing range of fire or smoke doors.
The control unit can be easily restored to its functional capability without the need for special tools, such as through a push-button, and automatic self-resetting is permissible Additionally, any integrated software must comply with the relevant standards outlined in EN 54-2:1997, specifically sections 13.1 to 13.4 and 13.6.
For control units, the environmental and performance tests of Clause 7 shall be carried out only as part of the overall hold-open system test.
Control units in stand-alone hold-open systems (single-line systems)
Control units designed for monitoring fire and smoke doors can be integrated into various components, including the fire detector, power supply unit, or hold-open device, potentially within a single enclosure This configuration forms a single-line system that comprises only one group of detectors.
The initiation by one detector shall be shown by a light emitting red indicator, conforming to the requirements of EN 54-2:1997, 12.7.1 and 12.7.2
For fire detection systems with integrated control units in the detector, power supply unit, or a single enclosure, only one indicator is necessary This indicator can feature a light that changes from green to red, effectively signaling both normal operation and alarm conditions.
In facilities equipped with manual testing controls, the system must verify the alarm status indicator and fully disconnect power from the hold-open devices If manual resetting is available, both functions can be integrated into a single control, which must be clearly labeled to indicate its purposes, such as Reset/Test/Close Door.
Control units in fire detection and fire alarm systems (multi-line systems)
For buildings equipped with a Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS), certain components can serve as the control unit for hold-open systems, provided they meet specific criteria: a) the FDAS must comply with the relevant sections of EN 54; b) any failure in microprocessor-controlled fire detection and alarm systems must be regarded as a fault; c) hold-open devices must allow for manual control from the FDAS initiation equipment, such as push-buttons and switches.
Hold-open devices
General
A hold-open device must release within 3 seconds upon receiving a signal from the control unit, enabling the fire/smoke door to close from any open position controlled by the door-closing device.
Each hold-open device of a hold-open system shall also be capable of being released manually, without adversely affecting the functional capabilities of the control unit
The closing operation of fire and smoke doors can only be halted for personnel protection or if objects are present in the closing range, particularly in rail-bound conveyor systems.
The closing operation shall continue automatically from any open position once the closing range is cleared
Hold-open devices shall operate on a rated supply voltage of at least 24 V direct current All performance requirements shall be verified at -15 % and +10 % of rated supply voltage
NOTE Attention is drawn to additional safety measures that may be necessary when higher voltages are used
Hold-open devices with electronic components, such as diodes and integrated circuits, must meet the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards outlined in EN 61000-6-3 for emissions and EN 61000-6-2 for immunity If specific details are not provided, compliance can be confirmed through EMC testing of the complete hold-open system as described in section 7.4.7.
Hold-open devices for swing doors
Hold-open devices for swing doors, either with the hold-open mechanism incorporated in a door closer or separately mounted (e.g holding magnets), shall, as a minimum, conform to EN 1155
Hold-open devices for swing doors shall conform to the durability requirements of EN 1155.
Hold-open devices for sliding doors, lifting doors, industrial doors and roller shutters
Manufacturers must specify the minimum and maximum holding forces for the hold-open device in any door or shutter position Reliable holding and release of the door or shutter should be verified at a supply voltage range of -15% to +10% according to the initial type test in F.1 For exceptionally large or heavy doors and shutters, the maximum test door mass can be simulated by adding weights to a standard door or shutter.
NOTE The actual performance of the exceptionally large or heavy doors/shutters is normally demonstrated to the building authority as part of the commissioning process for the Works
In case of an electric power failure, electrically operated doors and shutters must securely close from their held position to the fully closed position using stored mechanical energy.
When utilizing a holding magnet as a hold-open device, it is essential that its holding force exceeds 120 N at 85% of the supply voltage Additionally, the release function must be operable through a clearly marked push-button, which can either be integrated into the device or positioned near the door for easy access.
Sliding doors opened by automatic mechanisms shall conform to 5.5.4, paragraphs 2 to 4
Magnets used as hold-open devices for sliding doors must meet the requirements outlined in EN 1155 for separate hold-open devices However, the durability test specified in EN 1155:1997, section 5.2.4, can be linked only to the durability grade provided by the manufacturer under section 4.3 for the hold-open system It is important to note that these magnets should not be labeled as EN 1155 compliant.
NOTE 1 In the absence of a specific product standard covering hold-open devices for sliding doors, EN 1155 is referenced Sliding doors are not envisaged to have a high frequency of operation and therefore when hold-open devices for sliding doors undergo the durability test of EN 1155:1997, 5.2.4, the result covers the assessment of durability of the complete hold-open system
NOTE 2 In circumstances where new products come on to the market that are not yet covered by a standard, it is common practice to test the new product against an appropriate existing standard, adapting it where necessary In this case, where components other than holding magnets are used as hold-open devices, EN 1155 would be the appropriate existing standard to use.
Automatic door operators
Automatic door operators shall conform to prEN 12650-1 on powered pedestrian doors, including the additional requirements of prEN 12650-1:1996, 4.8
In case of an electrical power failure, a fire/smoke door equipped with an automatic door operator, part of a hold-open system, must close using stored mechanical energy from the operator or alternative methods, such as a counterweight system or spring hinges.
In case of a fire or malfunction, the automatic opening of the door leaf using electro-sensitive protective equipment or automatic activators must be disabled, ensuring fail-safe operation by turning off any hold-open and delayed closing functions of the automatic door operator.
To reinstate these functions only local manual reset shall be permitted
In fire or fault situations, it is essential that the latch engages properly for the door assembly's fire and smoke performance Therefore, any electric strikes installed must be deactivated and designed to revert to a latched state when power is lost.
Drive systems for powered pedestrian fire and smoke door assemblies must not compromise the door's fire protection and smoke control functions Therefore, these drive systems, including hold-open and delayed closing features, must be integrated into door assemblies that have passed fire testing according to EN 1634-1 or, when applicable, EN 1634-3 The testing must be conducted on a full-sized door assembly.
The initial type test outlined in Annex F must be conducted, with results documented as specified in Annex G The installation and cabling details are essential components of the test report for the complete door assembly and must be adhered to.
These devices shall conform to the endurance requirements of prEN 12650-1.
Low energy/power assisted swing door operators
These devices shall conform to the relevant requirements of prEN 12650-1:1996, 4.7.2, substituting the word
In cases where devices feature a hold-open mechanism, a delayed closing function exceeding 30 seconds, or are used alongside electro-sensitive protective equipment or automatic door activators, they must comply with section 5.5.4.
Power-assisted opening devices for low energy operators must remain functional during a fire to ensure occupants can exit the building safely Consequently, these devices are not classified as part of a hold-open system, and their installation guidelines must explicitly state that electro-sensitive protective equipment and automatic activators are not permitted.
These devices shall conform to the endurance requirements of prEN 12650-1.
Free-swing door closers
Free-swing door closers shall conform to EN 1155 and shall be durability grade 8 (500 000 test cycles) conforming to EN 1155:1997.
Auxiliary equipment
Manual control push-buttons and switches
Swing doors with holding magnets with release moments more than 120 N ã m shall have manual control
Manual control push-buttons and switches must comply with EN 60669-1 standards and be appropriately rated to match the voltage and amperage requirements of the hold-open system.
Any manual control push-buttons shall be of the positive break type, thus opening a circuit to release the door from the held position
Manual control push-buttons and switches must be easily visible, avoiding placement behind doors or curtains They should be colored red with a minimum area of 16 cm² or positioned centrally within a clearly marked area of at least 16 cm² to prevent confusion with other switches.
The manual control device must feature an inscription indicating its function, with switches labeled “Door Hold-open – ON/OFF” and push-buttons marked as “Door release.”
For enhanced clarity, the term "Shutter Door" can be utilized When both a switch and a push-button are present, it is essential that only the push-button or its designated area is marked in red and includes an inscription.
When using magnets as hold-open devices, the incorporated manual control push-button or switch can be smaller than the standard size requirements for its operating area.
16 cm 2 In such cases, the holding magnets being used shall be provided with a label carrying the inscription
The door can be released through a brief operation (≤3s) of the manual control push-button, allowing for continuous closing managed by the closing device Once the closing operation begins, it cannot be interrupted by pressing the push-button again or by reactivating the power if a switch is used.
Presence sensors (electro-sensitive protective equipment)
Electro-sensitive protective equipment shall conform to EN 12978
Supply lines for presence sensors, including light barriers, photoelectric cells, and contact strips, must be monitored for wire breakage, malfunctions, and short-circuit conditions Any faults detected will trigger both visual and audible alarms, ensuring that the release of the hold-open device remains unaffected.
To ensure reliable operation, a light barrier or photoelectric cell used to monitor the closing range of a door or shutter must function effectively despite supply voltage fluctuations of +10% to -15% Additionally, it should demonstrate a high level of immunity to smoke, as verified by a fire sensitivity test.
EN 54-7:2000, 5.18, it shall not be able to be classified in respect of any of the test fires from TF2 to TF5 b) The device under test shall be installed at the height of the reference-measuring devices The distance between the transmitter and the receiver or the transmitter/receiver unit and the reflector in the fire sensitivity test shall be 10 m c) Continuous blocking (more than 120 s) of the closing range monitored by a light barrier or photoelectric cell shall be indicated as a fault.
Door position sensors
If incorporated, door position sensors shall conform to their relevant product standards, and be electrically rated in accordance with their function in the hold-open system
Door position sensors designed for swing doors in the closed position must demonstrate reliability through 500,000 operating cycles as part of the hold-open system Compliance with this requirement is verified by testing according to EN 1191 for pedestrian doors or EN 12605 for industrial doors.
Door position sensors designed for the open (hold-open) position on swing doors must demonstrate reliability through 50,000 test cycles as part of the hold-open system Compliance with this requirement is verified by testing according to EN 1191 for pedestrian doors or EN 12605 for industrial doors.
Door position sensors intended for use on various doors must demonstrate durability in line with grade 4.3 as part of the hold-open system This durability is assessed through testing in accordance with EN 1191 for pedestrian doors or EN 12605 for industrial doors.
Remote indicating devices
If used, remote indicating devices shall conform to the appropriate requirements for the display of functional conditions in EN 54-2
Short-circuit and open-circuit conditions shall activate physical or audible warning.
Manual reset
A manual reset switch or push-button, which may be integrated into the hold-open system or installed separately as a remote manual reset, must be clearly marked with the word "RESET" and positioned within 2 meters of the controlled door Compliance with these requirements should be verified through visual inspection.
6 Requirements for the hold-open system
Design and performance
When the hold-open system is tested in accordance with Clause 7, the following requirements shall be met
6.1.1 An electrically controlled hold-open system shall hold open and reliably release a self-closing door assembly as required in 5.5.1, in the event of fire
6.1.2 An electrically controlled hold-open system shall not generate a fire alarm signal for the building Local indication (visual and/or audible) may be provided
Fire detectors in Fire Detection and Alarm Systems (FDASs) that signal control equipment to release connected hold-open devices are not classified as components of hold-open systems according to this European Standard.
6.1.3 A door held open by an electrically controlled hold-open system shall be capable of being released by manual control and/or manual release (see 3.8 and 3.9)
Any features added to an electrically controlled hold-open system, such as monitoring functions, must not compromise the system's overall safety performance Compliance with this requirement should be verified as outlined in section 7.3.
If the power supply drops to a level that jeopardizes the functionality of the hold-open system, the door managed by this electrically controlled system must automatically close The threshold for this power level will be established through the testing method outlined in section 7.4.3.6.
An electrically controlled hold-open system must reliably release a held-open door upon receiving a signal from the corresponding fire detector, ensuring fail-safe operation This reliability and fail-safe functionality are confirmed when the system passes the theoretical analysis outlined in section 7.3 and the tests specified in sections 7.4.2 to 7.4.11.
An electrically controlled hold-open system must be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions to ensure it does not compromise the fire and smoke performance of the door assembly Any component attached to the door or its frame must be part of a door assembly that has passed the relevant fire test criteria, as outlined in the European Standard EN 1634.
NOTE There are presently three parts of EN 1634 in different stages of availability: EN 1634-1, EN 1634-3 and a working draft likely to become EN 1634-2
6.1.8 All different components of an electrically controlled hold-open system shall conform to the relevant requirements of Clause 5 and with the environmental requirements of 6.8
Following the release of an electrically controlled hold-open system, the interruption of the closing operation is permitted solely for personnel protection through presence sensors Once the closing range is clear, the system will automatically resume closing from any open position If light barriers or photoelectric cells are employed to halt the closing cycle, they must comply with the standards outlined in section 5.6.2.
Product information
General
The product will be delivered with a comprehensive list of all approved components, including their technical specifications and limitations, as recommended in section G.2 Additionally, it will include product information in compliance with section 6.2.2.
For installation and maintenance
The product will come with comprehensive installation, connection, and maintenance instructions, including a description of the hold-open system, power requirements, wiring and connection details, recommended cable parameters for each transmission path, fuse ratings, and guidelines for positioning and installing fire/smoke detectors in compliance with European Standards.
When installing fire and smoke detectors, it is crucial to adhere to relevant national or local regulations, which outline user obligations Key considerations include fixing instructions, maximum and minimum electrical ratings for inputs and outputs, and any design limitations affecting component use Additionally, operating instructions, maintenance information, and requirements for periodic inspections must be followed to ensure optimal functionality and safety.
For initial hold-open system test
For the installation and maintenance of an electrically controlled hold-open system, essential documentation must be provided for the initial system test This includes a functional description of the hold-open system and its components, software documentation, layouts and drawings, circuit diagrams, parts lists, and block diagrams.
Requirements not covered under Clause 5
All hold-open system components and its wire or wireless connections shall be compatible, tested in accordance with 7.4.2
Proper compatibility requires accurate sizing of all component connection terminals to accommodate the maximum number of wires intended for connection, while also considering standard wire diameters used in installations Any limitations must be clearly stated in the wiring and connection details within the installation instructions.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
The electrically controlled hold-open system must be designed to prevent harmful electromagnetic emissions during installation, ensuring that it remains unaffected by any electromagnetic interference.
To verify this, the hold-open system shall be tested in accordance with EN 61000-6-3 for emission, and
EN 61000-6-2 for immunity, as specified in 7.4.7
For the valuation of the immunity against electromagnetic emission of an electrically controlled hold-open system, the following criteria apply:
Criteria A: No function of the hold-open system is influenced by the EMC tests;
The hold-open system must be capable of detecting malfunctions and should automatically allow the door to close Additionally, it is essential that no permanent damage occurs to any part of the hold-open system.
The minimum requirement for immunity of a hold-open system to this European Standard is Criteria B.
Additional design requirements for connection of components to fire alarm systems
Fire detectors monitoring fire/smoke doors must be organized into detector zones This grouping allows for clear differentiation between the hold-open system fire detectors and those of the building's Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS) in case of an alarm or malfunction signal at the control and indicating equipment.
Fire detectors in hold-open systems are designed solely to signal the release of associated fire doors, without issuing any alarm or fault signals to the building's fire detection and alarm system (FDAS) control equipment.
NOTE Additional actuation of the hold-open devices by other fire detectors or fire detector zones is permitted
Hold-open devices must have a dedicated power supply unit, separate from the building's Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS) Exceptions are allowed only if the total capacity of the backup system is adequate, as verified by appropriate calculations.
Compliance is checked by design verification in accordance with 7.4.2.
Electrical safety
An electrically controlled hold-open system must be designed to ensure safety against electric shock and other hazards, including potential fire risks, during normal operation and under likely fault conditions.
All electro-mechanical components of the hold-open system that are subject to EN 60950-1 must comply with its relevant requirements This standard is part of the Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC).
Durability
An electrically controlled hold-open system shall hold open and reliably release a self-closing door assembly in accordance with the classification under 4.3 claimed by the manufacturer
To ensure optimal durability, regular maintenance as recommended by the manufacturer may be required Durability testing for hold-open devices is governed by the applicable standards referenced in section 5.5.
Special hold-open devices, which are not addressed in section 5.5, must undergo testing as part of the door assembly's durability assessment This testing should utilize the appropriate methods outlined in EN 1191 for pedestrian doors or EN 12605 for industrial doors Additionally, a release test in accordance with section 7.4.3.5 is required both before and after the durability test of the door assembly.
Requirements for the durability of auxiliary equipment can be found in the relevant standards cited in 5.6.
Environmental behaviour
Dry heat
An electrically controlled hold-open system must operate effectively at elevated ambient temperatures, as specified in sections 7.4.8.1 and 7.4.8.2, even if these conditions are only present for brief durations in the expected service environment.
Cold
An electrically controlled hold-open system must operate effectively at low ambient temperatures, as specified in sections 7.4.8.1 and 7.4.8.3, to ensure reliable performance during brief periods in the expected service environment.
Damp heat, steady state (operational)
An electrically controlled hold-open system must operate effectively at high relative humidity levels, as specified in sections 7.4.8.1 and 7.4.8.4, even during brief periods in the expected service environment, provided there is no condensation.
Corrosion
Electrically controlled hold-open systems must be tested per section 7.4.9 to ensure their hold-open devices can endure the long-term impacts of corrosive environments, as classified under section 4.7, without compromising their release functionality.
NOTE This requirement covers the functioning of the release components only; no evaluation of surface finish or appearance is required.
Vibration
An electrically controlled hold-open system must be tested under sections 7.4.10 and 7.4.11 to ensure it can endure the long-term effects of vibration typical in a normal service environment.
Supply voltage variations
An electrically controlled hold-open system shall be able to function within and at the limits of supply voltage in accordance with 7.4.3.2, when tested in accordance with 7.4.3
General
The hold-open system must be tested as a whole, including an examination of its various components as outlined in clause 7.3, Theoretical analysis This process may require pre-testing specific attributes to identify the most suitable test samples that accurately represent the hold-open system.
Two test sample systems shall be used for testing:
Test sample system A: maximum number of components within the hold-open system in accordance with the system specification decided on by the user of this European Standard;
Test sample system B: minimum number of components within the hold-open system in accordance with the system specification decided on by the user of this European Standard
To ensure comprehensive testing of the hold-open system, it is essential to connect various compatible components, such as smoke detectors, heat detectors, electro-hydraulic hold-open devices, and holding magnets, to the test sample systems This approach will accommodate all potential variations of the hold-open system as outlined in section 7.4.
Failure in any one test of configuration of test sample systems A or B shall constitute failure of the entire system
Throughout these tests, the following relative tolerances on values shall apply, unless otherwise stated:
mass expressed in kilograms (kg) ± 2 %
length expressed in millimetres (mm) ± 2 %
temperature expressed in degrees Celsius (°C) ± 2 °C
electrical resistance expressed in ohms (Ω) ± 2 %
Verify that all the product information required by 6.2 is available.
Test apparatus
Instruments with an accuracy of 1,5 % of measured values, or better, shall be used for measurements in accordance with these tests
All components of the hold-open system with the exception of the hold-open device(s) shall be fixed on a suitable board
The article outlines the representation of both maximum and minimum component numbers for two sample systems For sample system A, it emphasizes the maximum number of components using the longest interconnecting cables and the smallest conductor area as per the manufacturer's installation instructions Conversely, for sample system B, it highlights the minimum number of components utilizing the shortest interconnecting cables and the largest conductor area according to the same guidelines.
Separate test samples may be supplied for the environmental tests
Hold-open devices must be securely attached to a test door equipped with the correct closing mechanism, even if the door is smaller in size Alternatively, the forces typically exerted on the hold-open device can be replicated, such as the closing moments for both the maximum and minimum sizes of a door closer as specified by EN 1154, using methods like tension springs or pull weights.
The voltage drop ∆U, influenced by the maximum cable length and the minimum cross-sectional area specified by the manufacturer, can be evaluated using either the actual recommended cable length or through simulation methods.
The following formula shall be used:
U 1 = voltage at start of cable;
U 2 = voltage at end of cable; l = length of cable (in metres);
P = power (in watts); χ = conductance of cable material (in m/Ω mm 2 ), e.g Cu = 56; Al = 35;
Theoretical analysis
A theoretical analysis will be conducted for each component and its transmission path to evaluate compatibility and connectibility This analysis will determine if a full functional test, as outlined in section 7.4, is required The assessment of each component's compatibility or connectibility will be performed within the specified hold-open system configurations mentioned in section 7.1.
NOTE An example of the methodology for the theoretical analysis is given in Annex H
EMC tests outlined in section 7.4.7 should only be conducted when theoretical analysis demonstrates their necessity Emission and immunity testing are not required if each component meets the EMC standards specified in its respective product standard, provided that the same cable and termination requirements from the relevant manufacturer are utilized.
Following the theoretical analysis, a performance test programme shall be carried out, in accordance with the relevant parts of 7.4, to ensure that all requirements of Clause 5 and Clause 6 are verified
The detailed test set-up and procedures (in 7.4.3 to 7.4.11) for each individual case shall take into account the results of the theoretical analysis.
Test methods
General
In hold-open systems that include components certified to EN 1155 or relevant sections of EN 54, these components must still adhere to the specific requirements of the European Standard, except when the fire detection and control unit is managed by a Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS) compliant with EN 54-1 In such instances, the fire detectors and control unit of the FDAS are exempt from the testing outlined in sections 7.4.1 to 7.4.3.6 and 7.4.5 to 7.4.11.4.
The sequence of any tests taken shall be performed in the following order:
All tests must be conducted after the test sample systems have stabilized under the standard atmospheric conditions outlined in EN 60068-1.
The test results should be given in accordance with Annex G.
Design verification
Design requirements must be verified according to sections 6.1, 6.3, and, if applicable, 6.5 Compliance can be assessed through various methods, including visual inspection, theoretical analysis (refer to section 7.3), evaluation of relevant test reports (such as those for hold-open devices in accordance with EN 1155), operational and performance tests beyond section 7.4.3, and measurement.
Performance tests
The determination of the operating conditions and supply parameters of the components of the hold-open system shall be identified by tests carried out in accordance with 7.4.3.2 to 7.4.11.4
Disconnect all system components from the power supply unit Switch on mains power supply
Measure the output voltage of the power supply unit under the maximum/minimum conditions of mains power supply tolerances (230 Va.c ± 23 Va.c.)
Ensure that the output voltage consistently remains within the operating limits defined for the components linked to the hold-open system, taking into account potential voltage drops caused by cable resistance.
Connect all components to the power supply unit and switch on mains power supply
Measure the input voltage at the terminals of connected hold-open device(s), fire/smoke detector(s) and any electro-sensitive protective equipment
In Test Sample System A, we evaluate the maximum number of components that can be connected, utilizing the longest permissible cable lengths as specified in section 7.2, while adhering to the manufacturer's recommendations for the minimum cable cross-sectional area.
In Test Sample System B, aim to minimize the number of components and reduce cable length to the minimum required Utilize cables with the largest sectional area recommended by the manufacturer; if no maximum is specified, opt for cable type 1.5 mm².
Ensure that the input voltage remains within the operating limits specified for the hold-open system's components, as verified by the power supply voltage limits outlined in section 7.4.3.2.
Under the maximum and minimum conditions above, the value before failure of the relevant segment shall be recorded (measured in volts)
Ensure that hold-open devices with manual release comply with EN 1155:1997, section 7.2.4, by verifying that the release forces are within the specified limits.
7.4.3.4 Simulation of wire breakage and short-circuit conditions
Keep all components connected to the power supply unit with mains power supply switched on
In this test, a serial resistor ranging from 0 ohms to infinity or a parallel resistor decreasing from infinity to 0 ohms will be connected to the examined segment of the circuit, such as the primary lead wire of the detector The simulation will be conducted using both the maximum and minimum components specified by the manufacturer.
Under the maximum and minimum conditions above, the value before failure of the relevant segment shall be recorded (i.e quiescent conditions before failure, measured in ohms, volts and amperes)
Ensure that, as per Clause 5 and the manufacturer's product information, all components of the hold-open system operate within their specified parameters, and confirm that the entire system remains functional upon receiving any release signal.
Verify, in accordance with EN 1155 that in each case the hold-open device(s) connected will be released within 3 s after initiation of any release signal
Keep all components connected to the power supply unit with mains power supply switched on
Ensure thorough testing of the hold-open system by simulating relevant fire parameters of the detectors and manually initiating the system through methods such as the release button or by adjusting components and connections This testing should be conducted under both maximum and minimum mains power supply conditions, utilizing the full range of components specified by the manufacturer.
Verify by visual inspection that in each case the hold-open device(s) connected will be released within 3 s after the initiation of any release signal
Keep all components connected to the power supply unit with mains power supply switched on
To test the hold-open device(s), fix them on a suitable board in their normal position and gradually decrease the power supply unit's output voltage by 1 V increments At each voltage step, trigger a release signal and record the time taken for the device to release Re-engage the hold-open device and repeat this process until the device(s) release due to insufficient supply voltage.
Verify by visual inspection that for each voltage step the hold-open device(s) connected is/are released within
3 s after initiation of the release signal
NOTE Voltage requirements for battery backup systems are covered by 5.3.2.
Check of switching device capabilities of the control unit
When the manufacturer's product information indicates that the relay contact rating of the control unit may be exceeded, appropriate protective measures must be implemented to safeguard against the declared maximum rating In the absence of additional protection, it is essential to conduct short-circuit and load tests on the relay contacts at the maximum current supplied by the power source.
This test shall be done with the minimum number of hold-open system components connected, as specified by the manufacturer.
Short-circuit test
The hold-open system must be supplied with the rated voltage, and a short circuit should be created at all terminals that are accessible during installation or regular use.
Ensure that the hold-open system is free from malfunctions and excessive loads that could lead to system failures, such as overheating or component burnout All connected hold-open devices must be released within 3 seconds or following a short-circuit test upon receiving a release signal.
Electrical safety tests
Test the hold-open system in accordance with EN 60950-1, as appropriate
Verify that the requirements of 6.6 are met either by visual examination or by means of suitable calibrated equipment as appropriate.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests
These tests shall be carried out on a hold-open system containing the maximum number of components recommended by the manufacturer
To ensure compliance with EMC requirements outlined in clause 6.4, testing must adhere to the specified standards If testing the entire hold-open system is impractical due to the door assembly's size, the manufacturer must confirm that all relevant equipment sub-assemblies meet the 6.4 standards and are properly installed and wired to reduce disturbances and their impacts.
Connect all components to the power supply unit and switch on mains power supply
Before the conditioning, subject the hold-open system to the release test of 7.4.3.5 and then reinstate the hold-open mode for all hold-open devices connected
Carry out the conditioning and then the emission tests in accordance with EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-6-3 Verify that the emission is within the limits specified in EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-6-3
Connect all components to the power supply unit and switch on mains power supply
Before the conditioning, subject the hold-open system to the release test of 7.4.3.5 and then reinstate the hold-open mode for all hold-open devices connected
Carry out the conditioning and then the tests in accordance with EN 61000-3-3 (limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker) and the immunity tests in accordance with EN 61000-6-2
The hold-open system shall be monitored by visual inspection during the conditioning period to detect any release or fault signals
Determine whether either immunity criteria A or B, in accordance with 6.4, are fulfilled
After completion of the test, subject the hold-open system to the release test of 7.4.3.5.
Environmental tests
The hold-open system, inclusive of all its components, shall be installed in the climatic chamber using the test apparatus as described in 7.2
The hold-open system shall be connected to supply and monitoring equipment with the characteristics given in the manufacturer’s technical data
Temperature tests involve subjecting the hold-open system to designated temperature conditions for an adequate duration to achieve temperature stability, enabling the execution of functional tests.
The environmental tests shall be carried out in the order detailed below
The testing procedure will follow the guidelines outlined in EN 60068-2-2:1993, utilizing tests that involve gradual temperature changes Specifically, Test Bd is designated for heat-dissipating specimens, while Test Bb is intended for non heat-dissipating specimens.
Before the conditioning, subject the hold-open system to the release test of 7.4.3.5
With the hold-open system energized, apply a conditioning temperature of 40 °C for a duration of 16 h
During the conditioning period, it is essential to monitor the hold-open system for any status changes In the final half-hour of this period, re-evaluate the hold-open system by conducting the release test as specified in section 7.4.3.5.
The testing procedure will follow the guidelines outlined in EN 60068-2-1:2007, utilizing tests that involve gradual temperature changes Specifically, Test Ad is designated for heat-dissipating specimens, while Test Ab is intended for non heat-dissipating specimens.
Before the conditioning, subject the hold-open system to the release test of 7.4.3.5
Energize the hold-open system and maintain a conditioning temperature of -5 °C for 16 hours During this period, closely monitor the system for any status changes In the final 30 minutes, conduct the release test as specified in section 7.4.3.5.
7.4.8.4 Damp heat, steady state (operational)
The test will verify the hold-open system's functionality under high relative humidity conditions, ensuring it operates correctly without condensation during brief periods typical of the expected service environment.
The test procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-78:2001 for Test Cb and as described below
Before the test, subject the hold-open system to the release test of 7.4.3.5
With the hold-open system energized, apply a conditioning temperature of (40 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (93 ± 3) % for a duration of four days
During the conditioning period, it is essential to monitor the hold-open system for any status changes After a recovery period of at least one hour under the specified conditions, the hold-open system should undergo the release test outlined in section 7.4.3.5.
7.4.8.5 Damp heat, steady state (endurance)
The test will evaluate the hold-open system's capability to endure prolonged humidity effects, without condensation, that may arise briefly in the expected service conditions.
The test procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-78:2001 for Test Cb and as described below
Before the test, subject the hold-open system to the release test of 7.4.3.5
Pre-condition the specimen at the test condition temperature (40 °C ± 2 °C) until temperature stability has been reached to prevent the formation of water droplets on the specimen
With the hold-open system de-energized, apply a conditioning temperature of (40 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (93 ± 3) % for a duration of 21 days
After a recovery period of at least 1 h at the conditions defined in 7.4.1, subject the hold-open system again to the release test of 7.4.3.5.
Corrosion test
The test consists of exposing the hold-open device(s) of the system to a neutral salt spray test in accordance with EN 1670
Hold-open devices that comply with EN 1155 may have previously undergone testing according to EN 1155:1997, specifically sections 7.3.4 and 7.3.5 In such instances, it is only necessary to verify their corrosion classification against the corrosion requirements of the hold-open system being tested.
Before the corrosion test, subject the hold-open system to the release test of 7.4.3.5, using the test apparatus as described in 7.2
With one of each typical hold-open device of the system de-energized, place it/them in a salt spray chamber
Subject the hold-open device(s) to a neutral salt spray test in accordance with EN 1670:1998, 5.6, for the grade of corrosion resistance claimed by the manufacturer
After completion of the test and in a time of between 24 h and 48 h, reinstall the hold-open system in accordance with 7.2 and repeat the release test of 7.4.3.5.
Vibration test, sinusoidal (operational)
The test apparatus and the procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-6:1995 for Test Fc, and as described below under 7.4.10.2 to 7.4.10.5
The test shall be performed using test sample system B in accordance with 7.1
7.4.10.2 State of the hold-open system during conditioning
The hold-open system components must be installed using the provided attachment methods and connected according to the manufacturer's guidelines In cases where multiple mounting methods are outlined, the least favorable method should be selected for testing purposes.
Rated voltage shall be supplied during the entire test
Vibration testing will be conducted on each of the three mutually perpendicular axes sequentially Each component of the hold-open system must be installed with one of the three axes positioned perpendicular to its standard mounting plane.
The following conditioning shall be applied:
frequency range: 10 Hz to 150 Hz;
number of sweep cycles: 1 per axis
The vibration operational and endurance tests can be conducted sequentially, starting with the operational test conditioning followed by the endurance test conditioning on one axis before transitioning to the next axis Importantly, the final release test is required to be performed only once.
The hold-open system shall be monitored during the conditioning period to detect any release or fault signals
The final release test, as outlined in section 7.4.3.5, is typically performed after the vibration endurance test, using only the minimum number of components from test sample system B This test is only necessary if the vibration operational test is conducted separately.
Vibration test, sinusoidal (endurance)
The test apparatus and the procedure shall be as described in EN 60068-2-6:1995 for Test Fc, and as described below
The test shall be performed using test sample system B in accordance with 7.1
7.4.11.2 State of the hold-open system during conditioning
The system components must be installed following the manufacturer's guidelines In cases where multiple mounting methods are provided, the least favorable method should be selected for testing purposes.
Power shall not be supplied during this test
Vibration testing will be conducted on each of the three mutually perpendicular axes sequentially Each component of the hold-open system must be installed with one of the three axes positioned perpendicular to its standard mounting plane.
The following conditioning shall be applied:
frequency range: 10 Hz to 150 Hz;
number of sweep cycles: 20 per axis
The vibration operational and endurance tests can be conducted sequentially, starting with the operational test conditioning followed by the endurance test conditioning on one axis before transitioning to the next axis Importantly, the final release test is required to be performed only once.
Ensure all components are interconnected as per the manufacturer's guidelines and provide the specified voltage to the hold-open system After reconnecting the components, there should be no release or fault signal resulting from the endurance conditioning.
Perform the final release test in accordance with 7.4.3.5, considering only the minimum number of components possible (as per test sample system B)
Components
All components of the hold-open system shall be marked to demonstrate conformity with the appropriate European Standard
If a product adheres to a harmonized European Standard, its components must display the CE marking symbol along with the necessary marking and labeling information as specified in Annex Z of the applicable product standard.
Every component must be marked with essential information, including the manufacturer's name or trademark for identification, the product model, the year and week of manufacture, and, where applicable, the rated voltage, power consumption, and power output.
NOTE Where all, or any, components of a hold-open system are in a common enclosure, the marking and the accompanying information may be on a combined label.
Hold-open system
Each electrically controlled hold-open system must be marked with specific information, including the identification number of the certification body if Annex F is applicable, the manufacturer's name or mark, and their registered address Additionally, it should display the European Standard number (EN 14637) and the acceptance inspection certificate number if the inspection procedure is conducted, along with the designation and performance details of the system as outlined in Clause 4.
Items a) to f) above shall accompany the hold-open system and shall be included with the installation instructions
Additionally, at least items a), b) and d) of all this information shall be affixed to the control unit of the hold- open system and, optionally, additionally on its packaging
Recommendations for planning and design of the hold-open system
General
Only components that have been approved through a comprehensive system test should be utilized in the planning and design of the hold-open system on-site The manufacturer of the control unit is responsible for submitting the hold-open system, along with its selected components, for initial type testing, if such testing is conducted.
NOTE 1 Approval may be obtained from an approved certification body.
NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to specific national or local regulations that the approval of hold-open systems may be subject to and users' obligations there under.
Restrictions
Doors located in areas where combustible dust may create an explosive atmosphere (specifically Zone 20, Zone 21, and Zone 22 as per EC Directive 99/92/EC) must not have hold-open systems that comply with this European Standard.
In environments where explosive atmospheres can arise from combustible gases, vapors, or mists (specifically in Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 as per EC Directive 99/92/EC), hold-open systems are permitted only if they are activated by detectors from a gas warning system It is essential that the gas warning system and the hold-open system are electrically compatible.
NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to national legislation relating to gas warning systems and users' obligations there under
Attention must be given to the EC Directives 94/9/EC and 99/92/EC (ATEX Directives), especially regarding the installation of components and interconnecting cables for hold-open systems in specified locations, as well as the obligations of users in compliance with these directives.
Detectors
Selection of detector type
Wherever possible, smoke detectors should be used for hold-open systems Depending on local service and operating conditions, other detectors may be more suitable
Choosing the right type of smoke detector is crucial based on the expected fire development pattern For smouldering fires, scattered-light smoke detectors are recommended, but they should be avoided in dusty environments to prevent false alarms Conversely, in areas where open fires may occur, particularly with combustible liquids, ionization smoke detectors are the appropriate choice, keeping in mind that they can also be activated by invisible aerosols.
(e.g vapours or gases) In places where such aerosols are likely to occur, ionization smoke detectors should not be installed, in order to avoid false alarms
When utilizing ionization smoke detectors, it is essential to adhere to radiation protection regulations and understand user obligations In environments where smoke or aerosols like dust may cause false alarms, it is advisable to install heat-sensitive detectors For different conditions, specialized detectors, such as gas detectors, may be more suitable Additionally, multi-sensor detectors should be configured to ensure that combustion products can effectively reach the sensors, allowing for accurate fire signal generation.
NOTE 1 Smoke detection systems are now becoming available in which more than one operating principle is used to detect fire, with the objective of obtaining a better differentiation between fire and non-fire conditions Such detection systems may have more than one sensor in single detector housing, or may combine the readings from several different detectors Typical combinations may include smoke and heat sensors, ionization chamber and optical scattering sensors, or infrared and ultraviolet flame sensors
NOTE 2 For further information on the selection of detectors see CEN/TS 54-14:2004, Annex B, or refer to appropriate national standards.
Positioning and number of detectors
A.3.2.1 For hold-open and release of individual self-closing fire/smoke door assemblies by detectors monitoring the door
Ceiling-mounted detectors must be positioned directly beneath the ceiling surface, above the clear door opening (refer to Figure A.1.a) The detectors should be installed at a horizontal distance of no less than 0.5 meters and no more than 2.5 meters from the wall containing the door opening that requires protection.
For suspended ceilings, smoke detectors should be installed on either the load-bearing ceiling or the suspended ceiling in areas where smoke is likely to concentrate during a fire Suspended ceilings with fire protection classifications are typically impermeable, allowing smoke to spread along their bottom surface, while decorative suspended ceilings may be either smoke-permeable or smoke-impermeable On-site estimations, as outlined in CEN/TS 54-14, are necessary to determine the appropriate positioning of detectors based on smoke permeability.
The choice of the number and type of detectors depends on the distance from the top edge of the clear door opening to the ceiling, as illustrated in Figures A.2 and A.3.
In order to determine the requisite number of detectors, it is assumed that a detector covers an area of 16 m 2
In the case of opening widths in excess of 4,0 m, therefore, further detectors or detector pairs may be necessary in order to cover the entire opening width
To ensure effective protection, it is essential to install at least one ceiling-mounted detector in each of the two rooms adjacent to the opening This means a pair of detectors is necessary, along with a lintel-mounted detector positioned above the edge of the clear opening on one side of the lintel.
On external doors no detectors are required on the outside of the building
If the ceiling's underside is no more than 1.0 m above the top edge of the opening on both sides, there is no need for lintel-mounted detectors.
For openings not exceeding 3.0 m, a single lintel-mounted detector is adequate when closed by a swing door, eliminating the need for two ceiling-mounted detectors For rebated double leaf swing doors, the detector should be positioned above the active leaf Conversely, for double leaf swing doors with plain meeting stiles, it is recommended to install one lintel-mounted detector above each door leaf or opt for ceiling-mounted detectors.
A lintel-mounted detector should be installed directly on the wall above the clear door opening, positioned no more than 0.1 m above the bottom edge of the lintel.
Pendant detectors suspended from the ceiling and cantilever detectors fixed to extend beyond the wall's edge are the only types considered for the required number of detectors in an application, while other detector placements are excluded.
When the distance from the suspended ceiling to the top of the door's clear height exceeds 5 meters, it is necessary to replace the ceiling-mounted detectors with those installed on cantilevers measuring 0.5 meters in length, positioned at a minimum height of 3.5 meters above the top of the door's clear opening.
Dimensions in metres h > 1,0 h > 1,0 h 1,0 a) Without a suspended ceiling b) With an impermeable suspended ceiling c) With a permeable suspended ceiling
Figure A.1 — Ceiling types and critical dimensions
Line Ceiling height above bottom edge of lintel Installation area
Requisite minimum number of detectors a
1 h 1 and/or h 2 > 1,0 m a1 and a2 and b Two ceiling-mounted detectors and one lintel- mounted detector
2 h 1 and h 2 ≤ 1,0 m a1 and a2 Two ceiling-mounted detectors
For swing doors with a clear width of up to 3.0 m, one lintel-mounted detector or two ceiling-mounted detectors may be required Depending on the clear width of the door, additional detectors might be necessary in the scenarios outlined in lines 1 and 2 (refer to Figure A.3).
Figure A.2 — Installation area in accordance with A.3.2.1
Distance between ceiling and top edge of the clear opening to be safeguarded, on one or both sides of the opening > 1 m?
Opening to be closed by a swing door?
Four ceiling- mounted and two lintel-mounted detectors
One lintel-mounted detector or two ceiling-mounted detectors
Two ceiling- mounted detectors and one lintel-mounted detector
Yes Clear No opening width
Figure A.3 — Flow chart to determine the requisite number of detectors
A.3.2.2 For hold-open and release of self-closing fire/smoke door assemblies by detectors connected to the FDAS of the building
The FDAS of the building should conform to the applicable parts of EN 54
The division of the building into detection and alarm zones should satisfy the requirements of the fire alarm response strategy (see CEN/TS 54-14:2004, 5.6)
All detectors should be selected and positioned in accordance with CEN/TS 54-14:2004, 6.4 and 6.5 The numbers of detectors required depends on the volume of the rooms
NOTE 1 Attention is drawn to the national and/or local regulations for the selection, positioning and number of detectors in a place and users' obligations there under
NOTE 2 According to EN 54-1:1996, Figure 1, and further defined in EN 54-13, the hold-open devices of hold-open systems are regarded as “Automatic fire protection equipment (H)”
The fire protection function of a hold-open system linked to a building's Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS) can be activated in two ways: either through direct triggering of hold-open devices by the FDAS or by utilizing information from the FDAS to drive the control unit of the hold-open system.
Control for automatic fire protection equipment
FDAS in accordance with EN 54-1
Electrically controlled hold-open system in accordance with
Figure A.4 — Typical electrically controlled hold-open system with release of connected hold-open devices triggered directly by the FDAS (see A.3.2.2 a))
Interface Control for automatic fire protection equipment
FDAS in accordance with EN 54-1
Electrically controlled hold-open system in accordance with EN 14637
NOTE The dotted lines linking various components indicate the optional components that can be included in the electrically controlled hold-open system
A typical electrically controlled hold-open system is illustrated in Figure A.2, which features the release of connected hold-open devices managed by the control unit This control unit operates based on information received from the Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS).