Bsi bs en 14879 1 2005

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14879 1 2005 Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media — Part 1 Terminology, design and[.]

Metallic components

Design of metallic components

Components to be protected shall be designed and manufactured so that after abrasive blast cleaning the surface protection can be applied without further treatment or modification

Before proceeding, it is essential to determine the following details: the type of coating or lining material, the method of application and the thickness of the protective layer, and the location where the coating or lining will be applied.

This results in various requirements for the design which are taken into account in Table 3 The examples given are partly taken from EN 1708-1

Design requirements for lining or coating type and thickness are informed by industry experience but are not absolute It is advisable for the component manufacturer and the surface protection manufacturer to collaborate and agree on the most appropriate design for their specific application.

Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Feb 27 03:18:43 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Where components are to receive a new lining or coating, it should be borne in mind that removal of the existing lining or coating may subject them to stresses

Metallic base materials and semi-finished products see 4.1.2

The dimensions and weights of the components must be appropriate for the surface protection process and should be chosen based on the manufacturing location, available equipment such as blast-cleaning tools, immersion tanks, ovens, and autoclaves, as well as transportation and lifting capabilities.

Component surfaces to be protected shall comply with the requirements specified in 4.1.2

Components must be sufficiently rigid to prevent deformation that could damage the intended surface protection, especially for rigid linings and coatings If bracing is necessary, it should be installed on the unlined or uncoated side of the component, although selecting the appropriate wall thickness is preferable Any permissible deviations should be agreed upon with the surface protection manufacturer Additionally, deformations can occur due to handling, machining, storage, transportation, and installation processes.

Surfaces requiring protection must be easily accessible for hand tools and clearly visible, except for components that will be lined or coated using methods like spreading, flooding, or dipping, where sufficient protection and evaluation are guaranteed.

Manholes must comply with national regulations, with a minimum size of DN 600 for vessels as specified in EN ISO 12944-3 Additionally, it is essential to include air supply and exhaust openings of at least DN 250 Larger erection openings, such as those needed for scaffolding, may also be necessary.

Rotating components, e.g fan wheels, centrifugal drums shall be balanced prior to the application of the surface protection

Counter weights shall be mounted so that the coating or lining can be applied properly

To prevent cavities, it is essential to either avoid them or ensure proper ventilation through spot-drilling on the unlined or uncoated side Welding can be used to seal cavities and achieve gas-tightness, as long as the welds can endure the mechanical stresses from processes like vulcanization and the thermal stresses associated with removing existing coatings or linings.

The component design must consider the thickness of the applied surface protection, including potential variations and multiple layers To meet specific dimensional accuracy requirements for surface-protected components, it is essential that these components adhere to similar standards before the surface protection is applied Limited dimensional corrections through the surface protection or its mechanical treatment are allowed.

9 consideration given to the material of the surface protection, the coating or lining thickness and the thickness tolerances specified

Surfaces exposed to stress during service must be completely lined or coated without breaks If interruptions in the protective layer are unavoidable, a suitable design must be coordinated with the surface protection manufacturer.

Welds shall be continuous on surfaces to be protected Spot welding shall not be permitted The surface finish of welds shall be in accordance with 4.1.2.6

Welding shall not be permitted after the application of the surface protection

Avoid bolted connections in areas exposed to corrosive media If unavoidable, use corrosion-resistant materials for bolts, screws, nuts, and washers, and consider adding a soft washer to protect surface coatings Protect bolts, screws, and nuts with screw-on caps featuring gaskets If the gasket or surface protection's load capacity is insufficient, implement pressure relief and position the gasket in a secondary non-positive connection Utilize countersunk bolts and screws with surface protection, and select bolt hole sizes based on the type and thickness of the surface protection, ensuring edges and radii comply with specified standards.

Rivet assemblies shall not be permitted

The specifications outlined in section 4.1.1.4.7.2 are applicable to flanged connections, with the restriction that threaded flanges are not allowed The dimensions of fittings must be chosen based on the thickness of the surface protection, as referenced in section 4.1.1.4.5 Additionally, edges and radii must comply with the guidelines in section 4.1.1.4.9 For further clarification, examples of flanged connections can be found in Table 3, items 3.1 to 3.13.

The selection of gasket type, material, and allowable surface pressure should depend on the surface protection used For rigid surface protection materials, such as hard rubber or duroplastic linings, soft gaskets are recommended Conversely, rigid gaskets are suitable for applications involving soft materials.

The gasket design must ensure that sealing pressure is applied solely to the portion supported by the component In cases of high surface pressure, the gasket should be positioned in a secondary non-positive connection For high-pressure applications, ring-joint gaskets are recommended Refer to Table 3 for design examples.

Continuous joints without surface gaps, such as soldered or bonded joints, are acceptable depending on the surface protection application method, including factors like temperature influence.

Nozzles, outlets, and connections can be designed as set-in, set-on, or butt-welded types, or may be extruded within the limitations specified in Table 3, items 4.1 to 4.9 Their lengths must not exceed the nominal size in mm plus 100 mm, and a nominal size of at least DN 100 is required for trowelled and laminate coatings If smaller nominal sizes are necessary due to the technical process, sleeves may be used instead of the intended coating For thermoplastic linings with small nominal sizes (≤ DN 200), the tube inside diameters should be chosen to match the respective thermoplastic semi-finished products.

Threaded nozzles are not permitted

Set-through and weld-in nozzles as well as nozzles with weld-on bends are not permitted (see Table 3, items 4.4, 4.6 and 4.8)

Requirements for metallic substrates

The following materials and semi-finished products are suitable for use as metallic substrates

Strip as specified in EN 10139

Cold-rolled sheet and strip as in EN 10130+A1, with a surface appearance as specified in ISO 4997

Sheet and strip (for pressure purposes) as in EN 10028-1 and EN 10028-2

Hot-rolled flat products and sections as in EN 10025

Seamless tubes as in EN 10208-1 and EN 10216-2

Welded tubes according to ISO 9330-1, EN 10217-1 and EN 10217-2

Any weld upset shall be removed The use of welded tubes having a nominal size lower than DN 500 shall be agreed upon with the coating or lining applicator

Flat products and sections according to EN 10088-2 and EN 10088-3

Seamless tubes according to EN 10297-2 and ISO 9329

Welded tubes according to EN 10296-2 and EN 10217-7

Any weld upset shall be removed The use of welded tubes having a nominal size lower than 500 mm shall be agreed upon with the coating or lining applicator

Cast steel and iron according to EN 10293, prEN 10340 and EN 1559-1 with a surface appearance as specified in 4.4 of EN 1559-1:1997, with the following exception:

Minor surface imperfections, including small patches of sand, slag, flashes, shrink holes, localized porosity, and cold laps, must be eliminated through grinding and smoothing, as the use of putty for filling defects is not allowed Additionally, weld zones and brazed areas should be free of pits and have a smooth finish.

These requirements apply by analogy to cast materials not listed here

4.1.2.5 Other metallic materials and products

Other metals, including copper, aluminum, their alloys, and nickel, may be utilized if agreed upon with the coating or lining manufacturer The stipulations outlined in this European Standard also apply to these materials.

Tables 4 and 5 outline the requirements for substrates and welds based on the type and thickness of the coating or lining Before abrasive blast cleaning, an individual with normal vision must conduct a preliminary assessment to determine the substrate's suitability for the intended coating or lining post-blasting A final evaluation of the surface condition should be performed after blast cleaning, taking into account the specific coating or lining material and application process Table 4 categorizes substrate imperfections in a manner that is analogous to

EN ISO 8785, and in Table 5 weld imperfections described analogous to EN ISO 6520-1 and EN ISO 5817

Substrates and welds which do not meet the requirements of Tables 4 and 5 have to be reworked in agreement with the coating/lining manufacturer

Before applying coatings or linings, it is essential to remove substrates contaminated with oil, grease, protective coatings, or chemicals from corrosive environments, salt, or chemical exposure Any specific measures required for this process should be coordinated among the plant operator, component manufacturer, and coating or lining applicator.

Table 4 — Substrate imperfections Substrate requirements (requirement class) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 No Type of imperfection (illustration not to scale)

For a nominal coating thickness of 50 àm up to 200 àm

For a nominal coating thickness over 200 àm up to 1 000 àm

For a nominal coating thickness over 1 000 àm

For nominal lining thicknesses exceeding 1,000 µm, whether using natural or synthetic rubber or phenol-formaldehyde resin sheeting, grooves can form These grooves may appear as regular or irregular indentations or tracks with sharp edges, occurring either singly or in groups, and can be arranged in parallel or criss-cross patterns Such grooves can arise even when machining processes like turning, grinding, or planing are executed correctly.

Permitted where R z ≤ 50 àm Permitted where R z≤ 100 àm.Permitted where R z≤ 160 àm.For autoclave vulcan- ised rubber, permitted where R z≤ 160 àm; otherwise, permitted where R z≤ 100 àm.

Contact adhesives are allowed when the roughness parameter \( R_z \) is less than or equal to 100 µm, while reactive adhesives are permitted for \( R_z \) values up to 160 µm, as specified in EN ISO 1302 Pits are localized, irregular depressions on the surface that can be round or square, either singular or clustered, and may arise from mechanical action or extensive pitting.

Single, localized shallow pits with a smooth surface are permitted

Shallow pits with a smooth surface are permitted.

Shallow pits are permitted Shallow pits with a width/depth ratio of 30 or higher are permitted

Not permitted 3 Localized corrosionLocalized concentration of corrosion products.Permitted when the initial condition of the substrate does not correspond to a rust grade higher than B as in EN ISO 12944-4

Permitted when the initial condition of the substrate does not correspond to a rust grade higher than C as in EN ISO 12944-4

Table 4(continued) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 4 Shrinkage cavities and poresSharply defined point-like depressions with a depth much larger than their diameter They can be single or clustered and may also occur in welds

Localized cracks are minor-width discontinuities in material structure that can extend considerably in length and depth, often found in welds These cracks may arise due to internal or external stresses, as well as corrosion.

Improper handling, such as incorrect freehand grinding or inadequate transport, can lead to visible and tangible scores and scratches, resulting in trough-like irregular tracks on surfaces.

Permitted where R z ≤ 50 àm Permitted where R z ≤ 100 àm Permitted where R z ≤ 160 àm For autoclave vulcan- ised rubber, permitted where R z≤ 160 àm, otherwise permitted where R z≤ 100 àm

With contact adhesives, permitted where R z≤ 100 àm, with reactive adhesives permitted where R z≤ 160 àm 7 Projections Localized raised areas (e.g defects on castings due to defects in the mould surface).

Permitted for flat sections Permitted for flat sections Permitted for flat sections Permitted for flat sections if d/h ≥ 10.Not permitted

Table 4(continued) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 8 Stepped surface Lamellar, flaky and veined surface, which can be pro- duced by lamellar corrosion or rolling defects.

Dents are crater-like localized depressions characterized by a bulged edge, often resulting from impacts, blows, blast cleaning, or serving as centering marks.

Not permitted Permitted if the dents are not too deep, the edges are ground down, and the coating/lining material will completely fill the dent without forming bubbles

Permitted if the dents are not too deep, the edges are ground down, and the coating/lining material will completely fill the dent without forming bubbles.

Permitted if the dents are not too deep, the edges are ground down, and the coating/lining material will completely fill the dent without forming bubbles

Dents are acceptable as long as they are not excessively deep, the edges are smoothed, and the coating or lining material can fully fill the dent without creating bubbles Localized laminations in the material, which may arise from manufacturing imperfections, are also permissible.

Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted.Not permitted 11 Burrs Sharp raised edges pro- duced by machining or due to mechanical damage

Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted.Not permitted.

Table 5 — Weld imperfections Substrate requirements (requirement class) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 No Type of imperfection (illustration not to scale)

For a nominal coating thickness of 50 àm up to 200 àm

For a nominal coating thickness over 200 àm up to 1 000 àm

For a nominal coating thickness over 1 000 àm

For nominal lining thicknesses exceeding 1,000 µm, whether using natural or synthetic rubber or phenol-formaldehyde resin sheeting, it is essential to manage excess weld metal and overlap This includes ensuring that any excessive cover run transitions smoothly to the parent metal.

Permitted if the weld has a regular shape.Permitted Permitted where b/h≥ 4 (for laminate coatings, only in some cases) Not permitted for trowelled coatings or fillet welds.

Permitted where b/h≥ 10 Not permitted for fillet welds or tubes with a nominal size of DN 500 or lower

Not permitted 2 Incompletely filled groove Intermittent or continuous channel in the surface of a weld

Permitted if channel is not too deep, its edges are rounded and b/h≥ 4.

Permitted if channel is not too deep, its edges are rounded and b/h≥ 4

Permitted if channel is not too deep, its edges are rounded and b/h≥ 4 For laminate coatings, permitted only in some cases.

Permitted where b/h≥ 10 Not permitted for tubes with a nominal size of DN 500 or lower

Not permitted 3 Undercuts Continuous or intermittent irregular groove in the parent metal caused by welding

Not permitted Permitted if edges can be smoothed by blast cleaning.

Permitted if edges can be smoothed by blast cleaning

Permitted whereh is not greater than 0,1 mm if edges can be smoothed by blast cleaning

Permitted if edges can be smoothed by blast cleaning

Table 5 outlines critical welding defects, including end crater pipes, which are depressions caused by shrinkage at the end of a weld run, and are not permitted in any category (A1 to A5) Additionally, slag inclusions, which refer to slag trapped within the weld metal, are also prohibited across all categories Lastly, spatter or stray flash, which involves weld spatters expelled during the welding process and damage to the parent metal from accidental arc strikes away from the weld, is similarly not allowed.

Open joints or excessive penetration beads are not permitted, particularly when there is excess weld metal protruding through the root of a weld made from one side only.

Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted.Not permitted 8 Rippled weldWeld with rippled surface (e.g in vertical welds, or manual electrode welding)

Not permitted Permitted where l/h≥ 4.Permitted where l/h≥ 4 Permitted only in some cases for laminate coatings Not permitted for trowelled coatings

Not permitted NOTE For Rz see EN ISO 1302

Concrete structures

Design of concrete structures

4.2.1 specifies requirements for the design of concrete parts used in process plant units to which a protective coating in compliance with prEN 14879-3 and/or a protective lining in compliance with prEN 14879-5 is to be applied, and provides recommendations with regard to the preparatory treatment of concrete, screed or plaster substrates

In addition to the standard load cases (for an example according to the series of standards EN 1991), the following factors shall be considered:

 restraint caused by deformation as a result of thermal movement;

 restraint caused by differential settlement;

 restraint caused by shrinkage, hydration heat or changes in moisture content

Plain and reinforced concrete has to be rated according to the exposure classes according to EN 206-1

To ensure the longevity of the protective coating, it is essential to shield its inner side from harmful influences such as water, water vapor pressure, and hydrostatic pressure Water vapor can be particularly damaging if it poses a risk of causing the coating to debond during service conditions.

Debonding can occur due to factors such as frost, moisture buildup beneath the coating, capillary forces, or water-soluble substances that generate osmotic pressure To prevent this issue, it is essential to implement waterproofing measures, especially when the structure is susceptible to groundwater infiltration.

4.2.1.2 Defining limit states of cracking

To ensure optimal performance of the protective coating, it is essential to minimize cracking in the concrete surface Additionally, all limit states arising from the construction and operation of a process plant must be thoroughly analyzed.

Deformation can occur not only due to static or dynamic loads but also from unstable bearing conditions, shrinkage, creep, or thermal movement These stresses can be either accidental or permanent.

To minimize the risk of crack formation, it is essential to select an appropriate design with a continuous cross section in concrete parts, avoiding notches Additionally, when determining the maximum allowable crack width, it is important to take into account the expansion characteristics of the chosen coating or lining system.

Detailed calculation has to be carried out according to EN 1992-1-1 under consideration of the additional state- ments according to ENV 1504-9

In certain cases, pre-stressing should be considered

For the planning of new concrete parts or the assessment of existing concrete parts, the following grouping can be used

A: Substrates with very narrow cracks

Discontinuous cracks, known as crazing, with a width of less than 0.1 mm are acceptable However, any new cracks or existing cracks that have widened after the application of the coating system must not exceed a width of 0.1 mm.

Group A encompasses pre-stressed and reinforced concrete elements classified under state I according to EN 206-1, along with reinforced floor slabs that are in full contact with their supports and the upper surfaces of single-span, non-projecting slabs.

Crack widths must not exceed 0.3 mm, including both new cracks and existing cracks that have widened after the application of the coating system, particularly on the tension side of reinforced concrete members.

Group B includes reinforced concrete parts as specified in EN 206-1

The width of cracks shall not exceed 0,5 mm

This group includes cracks of widths exceeding those specified for group B, regardless of whether such cracks have been allowed for in the analysis or have accidentally occurred in service

The application of a coating system to concrete parts belonging to this group requires particular care

Specifications for groups A to C address cracks resulting from tension or flexure due to mechanical or thermal loading It is important to note that cracks caused by shear should not be covered with a protective coating.

To ensure the water tightness of concrete structures and coating systems, it is crucial to minimize the number of joints designed for expansion and contraction movements.

Joints should be straight, located at the upper end of slopes and detailed so as to suit the coating system selected

Inclined concrete surfaces exposed to liquids must have a minimum slope of 1.5%, with an additional allowance of 0.5% for tolerances, not exceeding 30 mm This slope should be directed away from main girders, tank foundations, walls, and expansion joints to ensure proper drainage.

Point deviations from flatness of the substrate shall not exceed

Intermediate values shall be interpolated and rounded to the nearest mm

Gutters and trenches should not be placed on surfaces prone to deformation and cracking Ideally, they should have a slope of 1%, but it must not be less than 0.5% To maintain water tightness, the number of joints in gutters and trenches should be minimized, and they require specific design considerations.

The trench width shall be designed as a function of the maximum depth to ensure appropriate lining of the bottom

Pits and tanks partly installed in ground shall be insulated against the ingress of moisture

To ensure the effectiveness of the protection system during loading, components like sockets, drainage outlets, ties, and penetration sleeves must be securely fastened to the concrete structure Additionally, the design must account for influences from temperature fluctuations, vibrations, and traffic movements.

When choosing materials for components, it is essential to consider the appropriate coating system For securing ties to concrete elements, options such as ceramic sockets or bonded anchors should be utilized.

4.2.1.9 Concrete/screed on inclined surfaces or levelling layers

Requirements for concrete substrates

The concrete must comply with the requirements outlined in EN 206-1, EN 1990, and EN 1992-1-1 for the intended application, while also considering the standards set forth in EN 1504.

The specifications for concrete, screed, and plaster must align with relevant standards to ensure proper functionality Additionally, it is essential that concrete admixtures and curing aids are compatible with the coating system used.

Structural concrete should be cast so that its surface is even and free from imperfections, thus rendering the application of additional levelling layers superfluous

If a protective coating is to be applied to structural concrete, curing as specified in EN 206-1 is indispensable

Concrete elements must be cast to match the designated surface profile, ensuring that the area intended for a protective coating retains a textured finish The surface should not be smoothed but should exhibit a nearly uniform texture, achieved by using a wooden float to create an adequate key for the coating.

Concrete surfaces must be roughened after being compacted and smoothed by machines The hardened surface should be uniform and devoid of any flash, clusters, laitance, or flaky and brittle layers.

Sharp edges shall be rounded Depending on the type of the protective coating used, the fillets shall be hollowed to permit adequate adhesion of the coating

Roughening the concrete surface is essential, necessitating the removal of cementitious grout, brittle layers, and separating agent residues through methods like blast-cleaning, grinding, and shot-peening The required roughness level varies based on the coating system chosen If curing aids were utilized, the contractor must be informed to implement any necessary additional measures for the protective coating application.

Surface irregularities (e.g flash, gravel clusters) shall be removed by levelling the surface using a filling mortar that provides a sufficient bond and is suitable for the subsequent application of a protective coating

Distance pieces and binding wire that are prone to corrosion must be cut at least 20 mm below the surface, with the holes filled according to specifications It is recommended to use distance pieces that feature detachable cones.

Concrete surfaces damaged by acids, alkaline solutions, oils, or other harmful substances must be stripped to the sound substrate and replaced with fresh concrete If only the upper layer is affected, blast-cleaning or emulsifying can effectively prepare the surface for a protective coating It is essential to neutralize any residues to prevent future deterioration of the coating, such as from sulphur scum.

Blast-cleaning and grinding are traditional methods for removing thin layers like cementitious grout, cement, paint, and dirt For the effective removal of brittle concrete layers, techniques such as pressurized water blast-cleaning or shot peening are more suitable.

Shot peening is an effective, dust-free blast-cleaning technique that utilizes a self-propelling machine to treat horizontal or inclined surfaces This method directs a stream of metallic shot or grit onto deteriorated areas, effectively loosening debris, which is then simultaneously vacuumed away.

Shot peening machines necessitate manual or mechanical cleaning of the edges of concrete members and the areas around components embedded in the concrete.

When flame cleaning is used, the concrete surface is momentarily exposed to an oxygen-acetylene flame at about

1 500 °C, thus causing flaking and fusion in the upper 5 mm layer The surface is thus cleansed of oil stains and of any residues of bitumen, paint, coatings and rubber

Mechanical cleaning is crucial due to the inevitable spalling and softening of the underlying layer However, this method is not advisable for reinforced concrete with a thin cover, fragile components, or lightweight aggregate surfaces such as screed.

In order to cut away thicker layers, a wide chipping or milling cutter should be used

Mechanical cleaning is crucial due to the inevitable spalling and softening of the underlying layer However, this method is not advisable for reinforced concrete with a thin cover, fragile components, or lightweight aggregate surfaces such as screed.

Before applying the protective coating, it is essential that the concrete surface is completely dry The contractor responsible for the application must evaluate the residual moisture levels and ensure they meet the manufacturer's specified limit values for the coating material.

35 which is to be measured with an appropriate device, shall not exceed 4 % at a depth of 20 mm (see EN 1504-10) Coating systems tolerating a higher moisture content do, however, exist

Accelerated drying of concrete should be avoided, and if necessary, it should not start until at least seven days after casting Proper ventilation must be maintained while gradually increasing the temperature, ensuring that the concrete surface does not exceed 50 °C Rapid drying can lead to damage in the concrete, screed, or plaster.

The substrate must meet the tensile strength requirements outlined in Table 6, with the number of tensile tests needed varying based on the uniformity and dimensions of the surfaces to be coated.

Table 6 — Tensile strength to the substrates

Local repair or planar coating with Average Minimum

Cement/mortar (modified or unmodified) > 1,5 > 1,0

Polymer concrete or mortar (for surfaces not exposed to traffic loads) > 1,5 > 1,0

Resin coatings up to 1 mm thick > 1,5 > 1,0

Resin coatings thicker than 1 mm, for mechanical load grade 2 loading or more, as in prEN 14879-3 and prEN 14879-5

Specifications regarding the temperature conditions required for coating are given in other Parts of this European Standard

[1] EN 1708-1, Welding — Basic weld joint details in steel — Part 1: Pressurized components

[2] EN 1991-1-1, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-1: General actions — Densities, self-weight, im- posed loads for buildings

[3] EN 1991-1-2, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-2: General actions — Actions on structures exposed to fire

[4] EN 1991-1-3, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-3: General actions — Snow loads

[5] EN 1991-1-4, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — General actions — Part 1-4: Wind actions

[6] EN 1991-1-5, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-5: General actions — Thermal actions

[7] prEN 1991-4, Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures — Part 4: Silos and tanks

[8] EN ISO 1302, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation (ISO 1302:2002)

[9] EN ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding ex- cluded) — Guidance on quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817:2003)

[10] EN ISO 8785, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface imperfections — Terms, definitions and parameters (ISO 8785:1998)

[11] EN ISO 12944-3, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems — Part 3: Design considerations (ISO 12944-3:1998)

[12] DIN 2848, Flanged steel pipes and flanged steel or cast iron fittings with lining — PN 10, PN 25 and PN 40

Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Feb 27 03:18:43 GMT 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank

Tiêu đề	Organic Coating Systems And Linings For Protection Of Industrial Apparatus And Plants Against Corrosion Caused By Aggressive Media — Part 1: Terminology, Design And Preparation Of Substrate
Tác giả	Wang Bin
Trường học	British Standards Institution
Chuyên ngành	Standards
Thể loại	British Standard
Năm xuất bản	2005
Thành phố	London

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Số trang	40
Dung lượng	702,8 KB