Bsi bs en 15573 2008 (2009)

EN 474 all parts, Earth-moving machinery — Safety EN 500 all parts, Mobile road construction machinery — Safety EN ISO 3450:1996, Earth-moving machinery — Braking systems of rubber-tyr

This British Standard

was published under the

authority of the Standards

Policy and Strategy

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions

of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

Engins de terrassement - Prescriptions de conception pour

la circulation sur route

Erdbaumaschinen - Anforderungen an die Anwendung auf

der Straße

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 March 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E F Ü R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved

worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref No EN 15573:2008: E

Contents Page

Foreword 5

Introduction 6

1 Scope 7

2 Normative references 7

3 Terms and definitions 8

4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 9

4.1 General safety 9

4.2 Dimensions and masses 9

4.2.1 General 9

4.2.2 Maximum mass 10

4.2.3 Maximum axle load 10

4.2.4 Maximum length 10

4.2.5 Maximum width 11

4.2.6 Maximum height 12

4.3 Speed 12

4.3.1 Speed marking 12

4.3.2 Speedometer 12

4.4 Road preservation 12

4.4.1 Tyres and rims 12

4.4.2 Tracks 13

4.5 Dynamic stability 13

4.6 Steering system 13

4.6.1 Power assisted steering 13

4.6.2 Full power steering 14

4.7 Brake systems 14

4.8 Trailer connections 14

4.8.1 Coupling devices 14

4.8.2 Braking 14

4.8.3 Lighting socket 15

4.9 Operator's station 15

4.9.1 Visibility 15

4.9.2 Mirrors 15

4.9.3 Restraint system 15

4.10 Operator's station equipped with an enclosed cab 15

4.10.1 Demisting and defrosting systems 15

4.10.2 Wiper systems 15

4.10.3 Doors and windows 16

4.11 Operator's controls and indicators 16

4.11.1 General 16

4.11.2 Inadvertent activation 16

4.11.3 Pedals 16

4.11.4 Operating instrumentation 16

4.12 Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices 17

4.12.1 General 17

4.12.2 Width marker lamps 19

4.12.3 Special warning plates 20

4.13 Plates and inscriptions 21

4.13.1 Rear registration plate 21

4.13.2 Manufacturer’s plate 22

4.13.3 Identification Number 22

4.14 Warning devices 22

4.15 Noise emission measurement 22

4.15.1 Limits 22

4.15.2 Conditions of measurement 22

4.15.3 Method of Measurement 23

4.15.4 Interpretation of results 23

4.16 Protruding appliance protection 24

4.17 Uncontrolled motion 24

4.18 Fenders 24

4.19 Fuel tanks 24

5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures 24

Annex A (informative) Speed marking signs 26

A.1 General 26

A.2 Colour 26

A.3 Size 26

Annex B (normative) Ground contact pressure 27

B.1 General 27

B.2 Definitions 27

B.2.1 Crawler base, L 2 27

B.2.2 Tread contact area, T A 28

B.3 Requirements 28

B.3.1 Calculation of average ground contact pressure, PG – dual track systems 28

B.3.2 Calculation of average ground contact pressure, PG – multi-track systems 28

Annex C (normative) Braking requirements 29

C.1 Machines with a design speed ≤ 40 km/h 29

C.2 Machines with a design speed > 40 km/h 29

C.2.1 Test conditions 29

C.2.2 Performance tests 29

C.3 Machines with a hydrostatic drive system 30

C.3.1 General requirements 30

C.3.2 Failure of the brakes 31

C.3.3 Brake testing 32

C.3.4 Machine recovery 33

Annex D (informative) Equivalent requirements 34

Annex E (informative) A-deviations 35

Bibliography 37

Figures

Figure 1 11

Figure 2 — Alignment of the width marker lamps 19

Figure 3 — Installation arrangement of panels 21

Figure 4 — Measuring positions 23

Figure A.1 — Speed marking 26

Figure B.1 — Crawler base 27

Figure B.2 — Track tread profiles 28

Tables Table 1 — Maximum mass 10

Table 2 — Maximum axle load 10

Table 3 — Maximum length 11

Table 4 — Deviations from ISO 12509 18

Table 5 — Alignment of width marker lamps 20

Table A.1 — Speed marking/classification 26

Table C.1 — Performance requirements (informative) 29

Table C.2 — Performance requirements 32

at the latest by November 2008

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This standard intends to harmonise the various technical requirements of the EEA applicable to earth-moving machinery for their circulation on the road Earth-moving machinery fulfilling the requirements of this standard may be subject to certain administrative provisions before being permitted to travel on the road

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom

Introduction

This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this standard

When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard

This European Standard does not apply to earth-moving machinery on legs e.g walking excavators

This European Standard does not cover the hazards relevant to non-riding and remote control earth-moving machinery

This European Standard is not applicable to earth-moving machines manufactured before the publication date

of this European Standard by CEN

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies

EN 474 (all parts), Earth-moving machinery — Safety

EN 500 (all parts), Mobile road construction machinery — Safety

EN ISO 3450:1996, Earth-moving machinery — Braking systems of rubber-tyred machines — Systems and

performance requirements and test procedures (ISO 3450:1996)

EN ISO 3457, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003)

EN ISO 6683, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages – Performance requirements

and tests (ISO 6683:2005)

EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic

terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)

ISO 1724:2003, Road vehicles — Connectors for the electrical connection of towing and towed vehicles —

7-pole connector type 12 N (normal) for vehicles with 12 V nominal supply voltage

ISO 5006:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's field of view – Test method and performance criteria ISO 5010, Earth-moving machinery — Rubber-tyred machines — Steering requirements

ISO 5676:1983, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Hydraulic coupling — Braking circuit ISO 6011, Earth-moving machinery — Visual display of machine operation

ISO 6014, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed

ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment

and components

ISO/FDIS 6395:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of sound power level — Dynamic test

conditions

ISO 6489-3:2004, Agricultural vehicles — Mechanical connections between towed and towing vehicles —

Part 3: Tractor drawbar

ISO 6746-1, Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 1: Base machine

ISO 6746-2, Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 2: Equipment and

attachments

ISO 9533, Earth-moving machinery — Machine mounted forward and reverse audible warning alarm —

Sound test method

ISO 10261, Earth-moving machinery — Product identification numbering system

ISO 10263-5, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 5: Windscreen defrosting

system test method

ISO 10265, Earth-moving machinery — Crawler machines — Performance requirements and test procedures

for braking systems

ISO 10968, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's controls

ISO 12509:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector

devices

ISO/DIS 14401-1:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors —

Part 1: Test methods

ISO/DIS 14401-2:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors —

Part 2: Performance criteria

ISO/DIS 15998:2005, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic

components — Performance criteria and tests for functional safety

ISO 21507, Earth-moving machinery — Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 apply

Earth-moving machinery and their families are defined in EN ISO 6165 [2]

Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this document

Additional definitions specifically needed for this European Standard are added below

3.1

intended operation

use in earth-moving operation e.g excavation, loading, transportation, drilling, spreading, compacting or trenching of earth, rock or other materials

3.2

road

temporary road works e.g for repairs, maintenance, alterations, improvements, installations or any other works to, above or under a road, including works to road equipment (lighting, barriers, walls…) and roads not open to the public e.g on new housing and industrial developments, to which public traffic is not permitted

3.3

travel on the road

use on the road for purposes other than intended operation i.e travelling between sites of work, to and from the site of normal storage, or travelling for refuelling of the machine

NOTE Machinery is covered by directive 98/37/EC [29]

4.2 Dimensions and masses

Dimensional measurements of earth-moving machinery shall be in accordance with ISO 6746-1 and ISO 6746-2

Machines shall be assessed with equipment and attachments in the transport configuration as specified by the manufacturer See also Annex A of ISO 5006

NOTE One or more A-deviations are relevant to this requirement See Annex E

1 Motor vehicles as defined in directive 70/156/EEC [11]

4.2.2 Maximum mass

The maximum mass of earth-moving machinery designed to travel on the road should not exceed the limits defined in Table 1:

Table 1 — Maximum mass

Subject to local conditions i.e bridge capacities, the maximum mass of earth-moving machinery on certain roads may be increased according to the following formula:

A

M ≤ 12 000 ×

where

NOTE 1 Earth-moving machinery with a maximum mass exceeding the limits shown in Table 1 may be considered as abnormal transport and be subject to local use restrictions which are not dealt with in this European Standard

NOTE 2 Load restrictions on roads may vary according to seasonal changes e.g in very low or very high temperature conditions

4.2.3 Maximum axle load

The maximum axle loads of earth-moving machinery designed to travel on the road shall not exceed the limits defined in Table 2

Table 2 — Maximum axle load

NOTE One or more A-deviations are relevant to this requirement See Annex E

4.2.4 Maximum length

The maximum length of earth-moving machinery designed to travel on the road shall not exceed the limits defined in Table 3 The maximum length includes any mounted equipment or attachments located in the travel position as specified by the manufacturer (see also Annex A of ISO 5006)

Machine configuration Maximum mass

Machine configuration Maximum axle load

Table 3 — Maximum length

NOTE Earth-moving machinery with a maximum length exceeding the limits shown in Table 3 may be considered as abnormal transport and be subject to local use restrictions which are not dealt with in this European Standard

R = 12,5 m

r = 5,3 m

Figure 1 4.2.5 Maximum width

The maximum width of earth-moving machinery designed to travel on the road shall not exceed 3 m

The maximum width includes any mounted equipment or attachments located in the travel position as specified by the manufacturer (see also Annex A of ISO 5006) but shall exclude mirrors, indicators, tyre bulge, folding components – lift-up steps (in their working position) and flexible mud-flaps

Above 2,55 m additional requirements/protective measures for travel on the road are specified in this European Standard

NOTE Earth-moving machinery with a maximum width exceeding 2,55 m may be considered as abnormal transport and be subject to local use restrictions which are not dealt with in this European Standard

Machine configuration Maximum length

m

and right directions for a complete circular trajectory (360°) inside an area defined by two concentric circles, the outer circle having a radius of 12,5 m and the inner circle having a radius of 5,3 m, without any of the machine's outermost points (excluding mirrors, indicators, tyre bulge, folding

components – lift-up steps and flexible mud-flaps) projecting outside the circumferences of the circles (see Figure 1)

4.2.6 Maximum height

The maximum height of earth-moving machinery designed to travel on the road shall not exceed 4 m with maximum size (rolling radius) tyres – excluding a flexible aeriel The maximum height includes any mounted equipment or appliances located in the travel position as specified by the manufacturer (see also Annex A of ISO 5006)

4.3 Speed

The maximum speed shall be verified in accordance with ISO 6014 A tolerance on the speed of + 10 % or + 3 km/h, whichever is the least, is permitted The test shall be conducted with maximum size (rolling radius) tyres at the recommended cold inflation pressure as specified by the manufacturer and with the machine in the lightest operational condition

Maximum on-road speed of an earth-moving machine equipped with one or more smooth steel wheels (roller)

Information for the sign (format and size) is given in Annex A

The need for a sign and the marked permissible speed is dependent on local requirements, and can change depending on use, license and insurance

4.3.2 Speedometer

Earth-moving machinery with a maximum speed > 30 km/h shall be equipped with a speedometer

The speedometer shall comply with the requirements in 4.11.4

4.4 Road preservation

The design of earth-moving machinery shall minimise the risk of road damage

4.4.1 Tyres and rims

Tyres should be compatible with the axle loading and design speed of the machine and shall be marked with the manufacturer's name (tyre manufacturer), the load index and speed rating

In circumstances where it is necessary to install tyres which have a speed rating which is not compatible with the maximum speed of the machine e.g a low speed high capacity tyre for the intended operation, a warning/instruction shall be provided to the operator to show the maximum allowable speed for the installed tyres

NOTE Load index and speed rating data should be determined in accordance with the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO) Standards Manual

Tyres may be pneumatic or solid Solid tyres are permissible on earth-moving machinery with a maximum speed ≤ 17 km/h

Pneumatic tyres may be foam filled (to protect against loss of stability in case of puncture or rupture) or have a liquid ballast In case the use of liquid ballast is permitted, advice shall be given concerning the maximum travel speed (if less than the maximum speed of the machine)

Treadless tyres are permissible on earth-moving machinery with a design speed ≤ 30 km/h

Steel wheels/tyres i.e rollers, are permissible for travel on the road provided that they do not have any tread pattern

4.4.2 Tracks

Tracklaying machines shall have a tread lug pattern such that static ground contact pressure is ≤ 0.8 N/mm²

measured in accordance with Annex B

Steel tracked machines shall have a resilient material interposed between the ground and the track and be arranged so that the steel parts of the track do not contact the road

If the steering system has switchable steer modes (e.g 2WS, 4WS, crab or inversed function in certain machine configurations), it shall be possible to positively engage the mode required for travel on the road Inadvertent activation of other steer modes shall be minimised in accordance with the requirements of 4.11.2

It should be possible to easily identify the steering mode that is engaged

If the machine has more than one steering control, it shall be possible to deactivate the control system that is not recommended for travel on the road Deactivation shall be in accordance with the requirements of 4.11.2 The steering system of tracklaying machines with a design speed (forward/reverse) > 20 km/h shall be gradual

4.6.1 Power assisted steering

A secondary steering system is not required for machines with a design speed ≤ 20 km/h

For machines with a design speed > 20 km/h, a secondary steering system is required where the steering input force under emergency conditions (failure of the normal steering) exceeds 350 N

It shall be possible to verify the function of the secondary steering system during normal operation

4.6.2 Full power steering

A secondary steering system is required

For machines with a design speed more than 60 km/h the required system redundancy shall be evaluated in accordance with ISO/DIS 15998:2005

It shall be possible to verify the function of the secondary steering system during normal operation

4.7 Brake systems

Earth-moving machinery shall be equipped with a service brake system, a secondary brake system and a parking brake system, efficient under the manufacturer's intended conditions of service, load, speed, terrain and slope, for travel on the road

The operation of the service and secondary brake shall be gradual

The braking equipment shall not be adversely affected by any vibration that it may be subjected to in normal use The equipment shall be able to resist the corrosion and ageing phenomena which could lead to a sudden loss of braking efficiency

Brake systems of crawler machines shall comply with ISO 10265

Brake systems of wheeled machines shall comply with the requirements in Annex C

Wheeled machines shall have braking capacity of equal nominal rating on each wheel of a braked axle

4.8 Trailer connections

4.8.1 Coupling devices

The mechanical coupling devices enabling the connection of a trailer shall be so designed that the safety according to the state of the art is provided The connections and their locking mechanisms shall ensure that under normal operating conditions no unintentional unlatching can occur Sufficient angular movement shall

be ascertained

Coupling devices should be in accordance with ISO 6489-3:2004

NOTE Other devices e.g ISO 6489-1 [5], ISO 6489-2 [6], ISO 6489-4 [7] and national trailer couplings are acceptable according to customer requirements

4.8.2 Braking

Earth-moving machinery designed and equipped to tow a trailer more than 20 km/h and where the sum of the trailed axle loads is more than 3 500 kg shall be equipped with a trailer braking circuit according to ISO 5676:1983

The parking braking system of the machine shall be capable of holding the machine combination, machine and an un-braked trailer 3 500 kg mass (or less if the permissible un-braked towable mass as specified by the machine manufacturer is less) stationary on a 12 % up or down gradient

NOTE One or more A-deviations are relevant to this requirement See Annex E

4.9.3 Restraint system

Machines fitted with an operator protective structure (ROPS, TOPS) shall have an operator restraint system that meets the requirements specified in EN ISO 6683

4.10 Operator's station equipped with an enclosed cab

4.10.1 Demisting and defrosting systems

4.10.2 Wiper systems

The front window shall be fitted with motorised windscreen wiper(s) and washer(s) The area swept by the wiper(s) must ensure an unobstructed forward view corresponding to a chord of the semi-circle of vision at least 8 m long within the sector of vision as described in ISO 5006 The wiper(s) shall have a frequency of ≥

20 cycles/min

If it is necessary to view through the rear window using an internally mounted rear view mirror, the rear window shall also be fitted with a motorised wiper and washer

The tank of the window washer(s) shall be easily accessible The system shall function in the temperature range of – 18°C to + 65°C The function shall not decrease if the solution (water and washer fluid) contains up

to 50 % methyl or isopropyl alcohol (or equivalent) washer fluid

4.10.3 Doors and windows

Doors and windows shall be securely held in their functional positions; measures shall be taken for preventing inadvertent opening Doors shall be retained at their intended operating position(s) by a positive engagement device

Windscreens and windows shall be made of safety glass or other material, which provides similar safety performance and shall be of an approved type e.g ECE R 43 [34], 92/22/EEC [27], 89/173/EEC [26], FMVSS

No 205 [38], ANSI Z26.1 [39](see Bibliography)

For machines with a maximum speed > 30 km/h, only laminated windscreens are permitted

4.11 Operator's controls and indicators

4.11.1 General

The controls (hand levers, pedals, switches, etc.) and indicators of the machine, equipment, attachment, shall

be chosen, designed, constructed and arranged according to ISO 10968

4.11.2 Inadvertent activation

Controls which, if operated intentionally or due to inadvertent activation during travel on the road, could cause

a hazard due to movement of equipment, shall be so arranged or deactivated or guarded as to minimise the risk Arrangement shall minimise inadvertent activation during travel e.g permissioning controls Deactivation devices shall either be self-acting or acting by compulsory actuation of the relevant device Guarding may include mechanical locking of the control

On earth-moving machinery with a design speed more than 40 km/h, there shall be the following relationship

Lighting, signalling and marking devices shall be of an approved type (refer to ISO 12509:2004, Annex H) NOTE One or more A-deviations are relevant to this requirement See Annex E

four c) Dimensions

a S = mandatory lighting devices (in addition to those mandatory devices in ISO 12509)

b The tell-tale shall indicate malfunction due to bulb failure e.g by increasing the flashing frequency

c Exceptionally 2 100 mm

d Only on machines with a width ≤ 1 200 mm

e In case of one lamp as close to the centre as possible

f In case of two lamps they shall be separately fused

g In case of one lamp on or to the left of the machine centre line

h Fitted > 100 mm from stop or rear position lamps

i May be > 900 mm if the design of the bodywork makes it impossible to meet 900 mm, maximum height 2 100 mm

j Only for earth-moving machinery with a design speed ≤ 30 km/h

k Fitted on or to the left of the machine centre line, mounted horizontal and vertical to the machine's median longitudinal plane and directed outward

4.12.2 Width marker lamps

Earth-moving machinery with a width > 2 100 mm may be fitted with additional width marker lamps to indicate the presence and width of the machine

4.12.2.1 Colour of the lamp

White to the front and red to the rear

4.12.2.2 Alignment

Alignment of the width marker lamps shall be in accordance with Figure 2 and Table 5

Figure 2 — Alignment of the width marker lamps 4.12.2.3 Configuration

Width marker lamp: