Bsi bs en 14992 2007 + a1 2012

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14992 2007 Precast concrete products — Wall elements The European Standard EN 14992 2007 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91 100 30 BS EN 14992 2007 +A1 2012 BS EN 14992[.]

BS EN 14992:2007

This British Standard was

published under the authority

of the Standards Policy and

to an announcement in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

The Commission in consultation with Member States has agreed a transitionperiod for the co-existence of harmonized European Standards and theircorresponding national standard(s) It is intended that this period willcomprise a period, usually nine months, after the date of availability of theEuropean Standard, during which any required changes to nationalregulations are to be made, followed by a further period, usually of 12 months,for the implementation of CE marking At the end of this co-existence period,the national standard(s) will be withdrawn

EN 14992 is the subject of transitional arrangements agreed under theCommission mandate In the UK, there are no corresponding nationalstandards

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

Amendments issued since publication

ISBN 978 0 580 76027 3

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

3 September 2012 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2012

This British Standard was

published under the authority

of the Standards Policy and

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14992:2007+A1:2012

It supersedes BS EN 14992:2007, which is withdrawn

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated

in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number ofthe CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 isindicated by 

NORME EUROPÉENNE

English Version

Precast concrete products - Wall elements

Produits préfabriqués en béton - Eléments de mur Betonfertigteile - Wandelemente

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 February 2007 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 7 April 2012 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M IT É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LIS A T IO N EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Contents Page

The numbering of clauses is strictly related to EN 13369:2004: Common rules for precast concrete products,

at least for the first three digits When a clause of EN 13369:2004 is not relevant or included in a more general reference of this standard, its number is omitted and this may result in a gap on numbering

Foreword 3

Introduction 5

1 Scope 6

2 Normative references 6

3 Terms and definitions 6

4 Requirements 10

5 Test methods 13

6 Evaluation of conformity 14

7 Marking 14

8 Technical documentation 14

Annex A (informative) Additional design rules 15

Annex B (informative) Concreting of composite walls on site 18

Annex C (informative) Inspection schemes 20

Annex ZA (informative) !!Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive"" 22

Bibliography 38

Foreword

This document (EN 14992:2007+A1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR and was examined by and agreed with a joint working party appointed by the Liaison Group CEN/TC 229-TC250, particularly for its compatibility with

structural Eurocodes

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn

at the latest by December 2012

This document supersedes EN 14992:2007

This document includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 2012-04-07

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !"

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Construction Products Directive(s) (89/106/EEC)

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document This document is one of a series of product standards for precast concrete products

For common aspects reference is made to EN 13369: Common rules for precast concrete products, from which also the relevant requirements of the EN 206-1: Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance,

production and conformity are taken

The references to EN 13369:2004 by CEN/TC 229 product standards are intended to make them homogeneous and to avoid repetitions of similar requirements

Eurocodes are taken as a common reference for design aspects !The installation of some structural

precast concrete products is dealt with by EN 13670, Execution of concrete structures."!deleted text"

The programme of standards for structural precast concrete products comprises the following standards, in some cases consisting of several parts:

EN 1168, Precast concrete products — Hollow core slabs

EN 12794, Precast concrete products — Foundation piles

EN 12843, Precast concrete products — Masts and poles

EN 13224, Precast concrete products — Ribbed floor elements

EN 13225, Precast concrete products — Linear structural elements

EN 13693, Precast concrete products — Special roof elements

EN 14843, Precast concrete products — Stairs

EN 14844, Precast concrete products — Box culverts

EN 14991, Precast concrete products — Foundation elements

EN 14992, Precast concrete products — Wall elements

!EN 15037", Precast concrete products - Beam-and-block floor systems

EN 15050, Precast concrete products — Bridge elements

!EN 15258", Precast concrete products — Retaining wall elements

This standard defines in Annex ZA the application methods of CE marking to products designed using the relevant EN Eurocodes (EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2) Where, in default of applicability conditions of EN Eurocodes to the works of destination, design Provisions other than EN Eurocodes are used for mechanical strength, the conditions to affix CE marking to the product are described in ZA.3.4

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom

1 Scope

This European Standard applies to prefabricated walls, made of normal weight or lightweight concrete with dense structure !Also fibre reinforced concrete (steel, polymer or other fibres covered by European Standards) may be used." !These wall elements" may have external wall functions (see 3.11) or not, have facing functions (see 3.12) or not or have a combination of these functions

External wall functions could be:

 thermal insulation (see 3.11.1);

 sound insulation (see 3.11.2);

 hygrometric control (see 3.11.3);

EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for

buildings

EN 13369:2004, Common rules for precast concrete products

EN ISO 12572, Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of water

vapour transmission properties (ISO 12572:2001)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13369:2004 and the following apply

In general the term “product” refers to an element which is produced in large numbers For general terms see Clause 3 of EN 13369:2004

structural wall element, which carries external loads or is important for the safety of people

EXAMPLE Façade panels and parapets excluding small cladding panels)

3.3

non loadbearing wall

wall which carries only its self weight and is not necessary for the building stability or important for the safety

of people

3.4

solid wall

precast wall of any shape produced as one solid unit including reinforcement and fixtures

3.5

composite wall

composite wall consisting of two precast reinforced layers which are joined together with a gap by means of a lattice girder system

NOTE 1 See Figure 2

NOTE 2 On site, the space between the layers is filled with concrete Composite walls may also consist of a shell with lattice girders with the other side limited by an existing wall or another formwork during the erection

3.6

sandwich wall

consists of a base panel, a thermal insulation layer, a possible air space and a facing panel

NOTE 1 see Figure 3

NOTE 2 The layers may be connected stiffly or to allow relative in plane displacement between the layers

structural layer of a sandwich element!, which can be solid or lightened"

NOTE It transfers its own dead load and the load from the facing panel to the structure It may also transfer load from other members

3.7

lightened wall

wall produced in the precasting plant as a complete unit

NOTE 1 see Figure 4

3.8

cladding

non loadbearing panel fixed to the structure by means of connecting systems

NOTE 1 see Figure 5

NOTE 2 An insulating system may be inserted between this panel and the loadbearing structure

plain concrete element

structural concrete elements having less reinforcement than the minimum reinforcement according to the relevant design code

Key

1 in-situ concrete

Figure 2 — Examples of composite elements

Figure 3 — Examples of sandwich walls

Figure 4 — Example of lightened walls

Figure 5 — Example of cladding elements

4 Requirements

4.1 Material requirements

Subclause 4.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

In addition subclause 10.9.4.1 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 shall apply

!Also fibre reinforced concrete (steel – see EN 14889-1, polymer – see EN 14889-2 or other fibres (see EN 15422) covered by European Standards) may be used, provided the fibres are not taken into account

in structural calculation."

4.2 Production requirements

Subclause 4.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

4.3 Finished product requirements

4.3.1 Geometrical properties

4.3.1.1 Production tolerances

In addition to subclause 4.3.1.1 of EN 13369:2004 the tolerances indicated in Tables 1 and 2 (compare Figures J.1 to J.6 of EN 13369:2004) shall apply

If not otherwise stated class B applies to all elements

Table 1 — Tolerance of positioning of openings and insert

For inserts designed to match with layer tolerances, different values of positioning tolerances may be given in the Technical documentation

The tolerance of lengths, heights, thickness, diagonal dimensions are given in Table 2

Table 2 — Tolerances of dimensions

Class

Permitted deviation Reference dimensions

0 – 0,5 m 0,5 m – 3 m >>>> 3 m – 6 m >>>> 6 m – 10 m >>>> 10 m

a ± 2 mm in the case of small claddings

Stricter tolerances may be required in the Technical documentation

4.3.1.2 Minimum design (nominal) dimensions

Subclause 4.3.1.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

4.3.2 Surface characteristics

In addition to subclause 4.3.2 of EN 13369:2004 the following shall apply:

If not otherwise stated, values of Table 3 shall apply for the flatness of surfaces (compare Figures J.4 and J.5

of EN 13369:2004)

Table 3 — Tolerances regarding flatness of surfaces

Class Gauges with distances between measuring points up to

This clause applies to wall elements except small claddings

It is recommended that the reinforcement is distributed:

 for a wall less than or equal to 120 mm thickness: in one reinforcement layer placed in the middle of the cross-section of the wall;

 for a wall greater than 120 mm thickness: in two reinforcement layers distributed between the two faces of the wall

This second requirement does not apply to plain concrete walls

Further recommendations can be found in Annex A

4.3.4 Resistance and reaction to fire

4.3.4.1 Resistance to fire

Fire resistance, dealing with load-bearing capacity R, integrity E and insulation I of precast wall elements, made of normal weight or lightweight concrete with dense structure, expressed in terms of classes, shall be defined following 4.3.4.1, 4.3.4.2 and 4.3.4.3 of EN 13369:2004

4.3.4.2 Reaction to fire

For reaction to fire, 4.3.4.4 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

In the case of wall elements including combustible materials, e.g thermal insulation in sandwich panels, these materials have to be sheltered from the fire exposure according to national regulations in the place of use The insulation material shall be declared and comply with the relevant European product Standard

Subclause 4.3.8.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

4.3.8.3 Water vapour permeability

When the water vapour permeability is relevant, it shall be expressed in terms of water vapour !permeance" following 5.2

4.3.8.4 Water impermeability

When the water impermeability of the external face of the elements is relevant, it shall be expressed in terms

of water absorption following 5.3

4.3.8.5 Fixture of cladding elements

The strength of fixing devices of cladding elements shall be verified according to 4.3.3 of EN 13369:2004

NOTE There may be existing regulations related to the installation of the product

5 Test methods

5.1 General

Clause 5 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

5.2 Water vapour permeability

The water vapour permeability, expressed in terms of water vapour !permeance", shall be determined by tests according to EN ISO 12572

6 Evaluation of conformity

6.1 General

Subclause 6.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

6.2 Type testing

Subclause 6.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

6.3 Factory production control

Subclause 6.3 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

In addition Annex C of this standard shall apply

Annex A

(informative)

Additional design rules

A.1 Composite wall elements

A.1.1 Loadbearing design

A composite wall should be designed like a solid wall Without special calculation the minimum strength of the precast element and the in-situ concrete should be taken into consideration

The designed reinforcement may be located inside the element and/or in the in-situ concrete The same applies to walls acting as deep beams

For the design of the reinforcement the joints of the composite wall should be taken into consideration This is

of particular importance for the determination of the effective depth d (see Figure A.1 and A.2)

The design of laps has been specified by EN 1992-1-1:2004, 8.7

If a lap between bars requires transverse reinforcement according to EN 1992-1-1:2004, 8.7.4.1 (3) links, u-bars and lattice girders can be used separately or in combination (Figure A.1) If lattice girders are used as transverse reinforcement, the maximum diameter of the lapped bars should be 16 mm It is recommended to limit the maximum cross section that may be lapped to 1200 mm2/m

A.1.2 Shear at the interface

The connection between cast in-situ concrete and compound unit in the final state should fulfil subclause 6.2.5

of EN 1992-1-1:2004

A.1.3 Loadbearing compression joints in case of loadbearing walls

Subclause 10.9.2 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 may be used

The required reinforcement in subclause 10.9.2 (2) of EN 1992-1-1:2004 may be met by lattice girders too

In case of composite walls the whole cross section may be taken as loadbearing provided the joint is completely filled with in-situ concrete and has a width of at least 30 mm If this is not provided, only the cross section of the in-situ concrete should be taken as loadbearing (see Figure A.2)

The effective depth is the distance between the centre of concrete force and the reinforcement

Figure A.1 — Effective depth d and overlapping length l 0

Key

1 precast element

2 in-situ concrete

Figure A.2 — Joint of a composite wall

A.2 Reinforcement detailing

A.2.1 Ribs

The ribs should be reinforced by at least two longitudinal bars (one in the concrete layer, one in the rib) tied together by transverse reinforcement (see Figure A.3)

Figure A.3 — Examples of reinforcement of a rib

A.2.2 Reinforcement for sandwich walls

The following specifications should apply:

The maximum distance between two bars of the reinforcement should not exceed 200 mm;

c) reinforcement !connector system";

the !connector systems" should be designed to connect the base panel with the facing panel and to transfer to the base panel the loads acting upon the facing panel

A.2.3 Reinforcement for lightened walls

The following recommendations may apply:

a) characteristics of the ribs !deleted text":

 ribs are defined according to A.2.1;

 maximum space between two concrete ribs: 40 times the thickness of the facing panel in the case of transversal ribs; 50 times the thickness of the facing panel in the case of longitudinal ribs;

 minimum thickness of a rib or diameter of a concrete connection: 50 mm;

Annex B

(informative)

Concreting of composite walls on site

Unless special provisions are taken the precast part of the wall should not have a temperature below 5 °C during concreting After concreting the fresh concrete should not have a temperature below 10 °C for at least 3 days or should have a minimum compressive strength of 5 MPa before the temperature of the fresh concrete falls below 0 °C

The maximum formwork pressure may be taken from Figure B.1

Key

pc formwork pressure

vc rate of concreting

F1-F4 class of consistency of concrete (!Table 6", EN 206-1:2000)

Figure B.1 — Formwork pressure (developed by concrete on formwork) to be taken as a basis

The following figures give an indication about recommended concreting load Lc per metre of lattice girder: