Bsi bs en 14844 2006 + a2 2011 (2012)

untitled BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14844 2006 +A2 2011 Precast concrete products — Box culverts ICS 91 100 30 ��������� � ���� ���������������������������������������������� ����� National foreword This[.]

Precast concrete

products —

Box culverts

ICS 91.100.30

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 14844:2006+A2:2011 It supersedes BS EN 14844:2006+A1:2008

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered

by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !"

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/524, Precast concrete products

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained

on request to its secretary

EN 14844:2007 is a candidate “harmonized” European standard and fully takes into account the requirements of the European Commission mandate M/100, Products related to precast concrete, given under the

EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC), and is intended to lead to CE marking The date of applicability of EN 14844 as a

“harmonized” European Standard, i.e the date after which this standard may be used for CE marking purposes, is subject to an

announcement in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

EN 14844 is the subject of transitional arrangements agreed under the Commission mandate The Member States have agreed a nominal transition period for the co-existence of EN 14844 and their corresponding national standard(s) It is intended that this period will comprise a nominal nine month period, during which any required changes to national regulations are to be made, followed by a further nominal 12 month period for the implementation of CE marking At the end of this co-existence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn In the UK, there are no corresponding national standards.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary

provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was

published under the authority

of the Standards Policy and

31 January 2012 Implementation of CEN amendment A2:2011

© The British Standards

Institution 2012

NORME EUROPÉENNE

English Version

Precast concrete products - Box culverts

Produits préfabriqués en béton - Cadres enterrés Betonfertigteile - Hohlkastenelemente

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 April 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 22 August 2008 and Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 22 October 2011

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

Contents Page

!The numbering of clauses is strictly related to EN 13369:2004 Common rules for precast concrete

products, at least for the first three digits When a clause of EN 13369:2004 is not relevant or included in a

more general reference of this standard, its number is omitted and this may result in a gap on numbering."

Foreword 4

Introduction 6

1 Scope 7

2 Normative references 7

3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 7

3.1 Terms and definitions 7

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations 7

4 Requirements 8

4.1 Material requirements 8

4.1.1 General 8

4.2 Production requirements 8

4.2.1 Concrete production 8

4.2.2 Hardened concrete 9

4.3 Finished product requirements 9

4.3.1 Geometrical properties 9

4.3.2 Surface characteristics 11

4.3.3 Mechanical resistance 11

4.3.7 Durability 12

4.3.8 Other requirements 12

5 Test methods 12

5.1 Tests on concrete 12

5.2 Measuring of dimensions and surface characteristics 12

5.3 Weight of the products 13

6 Evaluation of conformity 13

6.2.2 Initial Type Testing 13

7 Marking 14

8 Technical documentation 14

Annex A (informative) Additional information for the design of box culverts 15

A.1 Characteristic horizontal load 15

A.2 Reinforcement of inner wall faces 15

A.3 Stability 15

A.4 Horizontal surface loads 15

A.5 Deflection of roof slab 15

A.6 Differential settlement 16

Annex B (normative) Verification by calculation aided by physical testing 17

B.1 Introduction 17

B.2 Limit of use of this test 17

B.3 Test arrangements 17

B.4 Test criteria 18

B.5 Definition of the dimensional parameters 18

B.8 Test method 21

B.9 Interpretation of the test results 21

Annex C (informative) Installation 22

C.1 Products/Units 22

C.2 Preparing the site 22

C.3 Bedding 22

C.4 Laying 22

C.5 Backfilling 23

Annex ZA (informative) !#!#Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive$$ 25

ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics 25

ZA.2 Procedure(s) for the attestation of conformity of box culvert units 27

ZA.2.1Systems of attestation of conformity 27

ZA.2.2EC Certificate and Declaration of conformity 29

ZA.3 CE marking and labelling 30

ZA.3.1General 30

ZA.3.2Declaration of geometrical data and material properties (method 1) 32

ZA.3.3Declaration of product properties (method 2) 34

ZA.3.4Declaration of compliance with a given design specification provided by the client (method 3a) 36

ZA.3.5Declaration of compliance with a given design specification provided by the manufacturer according to the client's order (method 3b)"" 37

Bibliography 40

Foreword

This document (EN 14844:2006+A2:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR !and was examined by and agreed with a joint working party appointed by the Liaison Group CEN/TC 229-CEN/TC 250, particularly for its compatibility with structural Eurocodes"

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-22, and Amendment 2, approved by CEN on 2011-10-22

This document supersedes #EN 14844:2006+A1:2008$

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " and

# $

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s)

#deleted text$

This standard is one of a series of product standards for precast concrete products

For common aspects reference is made to EN 13369, Common rules for precast concrete products, from which also the relevant requirements of EN 206-1, Concrete  Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity are taken

The references to EN 13369:2004 by CEN/TC 229 product standards are intended to make them homogeneous and to avoid repetitions of similar requirements

#Eurocodes are taken as a common reference for design aspects The installation of some structural

precast concrete products is dealt with by EN 13670, Execution of concrete structures.$

The programme of standards for structural precast concrete products comprises the following standards, in some cases consisting of several parts:

 EN 1168, Precast concrete products  Hollow core slabs

 EN 12794, Precast concrete products  Foundation piles

 EN 12843, Precast concrete products  Masts and poles

 EN 13225, Precast concrete products  Linear structural elements

 EN 13693, Precast concrete products  Special roof elements

 !EN 13978-1, Precast concrete products  Precast concrete garages  Part 1: Requirements for reinforced garages monolithic or consisting of single sections with room dimensions"

 EN 13224, Precast concrete products  Ribbed floor elements

 !EN 14843", Precast concrete products  Stairs

 EN 14844, Precast concrete products  Box culverts

 !EN 14991", Precast concrete products  Foundation elements

 !EN 14992", Precast concrete products  Wall elements : Products properties and performances

 #EN 15037-1$, Precast concrete products  Beam-and-block floor systems  Part 1: Beams

 #EN 15037-2$, Precast concrete products  Beam-and-block floor systems  Part 2: Concrete blocks

 #EN 15037-3, Precast concrete products  Beam-and-block floor systems  Part 3: Clay blocks$

 #EN 15037-4, Precast concrete products  Beam-and-blocks floor systems  Part 4: Expanded polystyrene blocks$

 #prEN 15037-5, Precast concrete products  Beam-and-block floor systems  Part 5: Lightweight blocks for simple formwork$

 !EN 15050", Precast concrete bridge elements

 #EN 15258$, Precast concrete products – Retaining wall elements

This standard defines in Annex ZA the application methods of CE marking to products designed using the relevant EN Eurocodes (EN 1992) Where, in default of applicability conditions of EN Eurocodes to the works

of destination, design provisions other than EN Eurocodes are used for mechanical strength, the conditions to affix CE marking to the product are described in ZA.3.4

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standard

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom

Introduction

The Construction Products Directive sets out Essential Requirements to be considered, depending upon the use made of the product For box culverts it was mandated that the requirements for mechanical resistance and stability should be considered For these requirements this standard will mainly refer to clauses of

EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures  Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings

The mandate also requires consideration of durability, from the point of view of freeze thaw action and corrosion, which is also addressed by the Eurocodes referred to above

#deleted text$

1 Scope

This European Standard deals with both large (structural) and small (non-structural or light structural) box culverts of rectangular cross-section formed monolithically and designed as continuous elements with a joint detail shaped to allow the possible incorporation of sealing materials Box culverts can be used for creation of voids below ground for conveyance and storage of materials e.g conveyance and storage of wastewater, cable tunnels and subways

#For the purposes of this European Standard, box culverts having internal cross-sectional dimensions (W and H in Figure 1) less than or equal to 1 250 mm are considered as small (non-structural or light structural)

All other units are defined as large.$ The elements are generally manufactured in factories using either

normal weight or lightweight concrete and usually require reinforcing steel This standard does not include units manufactured from autoclaved aerated concrete, nor prefabricated reinforced box culverts of lightweight concrete with open structure

Each unit is structurally complete They are used in combination to form a total structure of appropriate length (including joints) and capacity

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies

#EN 206-1:2000, Concrete  Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity$

EN 1992-2, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures  Concrete bridges  Design and detailing rules

EN 13369:2004, Common rules for precast concrete products

3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms

3.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13369:2004 and the following apply

3.1.1

corner splay

internal chamfering of the corners

3.2 Symbols and abbreviations

Principal and other dimensions and their symbols are given in Figure1

The symbols comply with EN 1992-1-1 as far as possible and are listed:

W internal width

H internal height

L unit length (measured from end of spigot to base of socket for rebated joint – see Figure 1a))

tr roof/floor slab thickness

tw wall thickness

e, f - geometry of the splay, see Figure 1b) below

Effective roof span (We) = W + tw

Effective wall span (He) = H + tr

Spigot and Socket inner and outer overlapping nibs of a rebated joint profile (see Figure 2a))

Figure 1a) — Unit Length Figure 1b) — Explanation of symbols

Figure 1 — Principal dimensions and symbols

See Figure 2 for alternative joint configurations

4.2.2.3 Drying shrinkage of lightweight aggregate concrete

For lightweight concrete, the drying shrinkage shall be declared by the manufacturer

4.2.2.4 Density of lightweight aggregate concrete

The manufacturer shall declare the density of lightweight concrete and it shall be in accordance with

EN 206-1:2000, 4.3.2

4.2.3 Structural reinforcement

4.2.3.1 Processing of reinforcing steel

Subclauses 4.2.3 and 4.2.3.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

4.3 Finished product requirements

4.3.1 Geometrical properties

4.3.1.1 Production tolerances

Units shall have an appropriate joint detail capable of providing sealing and location integrity Typical arrangements are shown in Figure 2 below

Types of joints (see Figure 2):

 rebated joint (A);

 nib joint (B);

 butt joint (C)

Figure 2a) Figure 2b) Figure 2c)

Figure 2 — Examples of box culvert joints

For the types of rebated joint illustrated, the spigot and socket shall have a thickness of not less than 45 mm

at the root (a + b) and a nib length (d) of not less than 45 mm !deleted text" Early casts from each mould

shall be checked to ensure that joints mate satisfactorily

!NOTE It is suitable that, except for dimensions close to the minimum specified hereafter, the length d of the nib should be in the range from 1,3 to 2 times the nib root dimension a + b."

The maximum permissible tolerance from the manufacturer’s declared dimensions, measured in accordance with 5.2, shall be as follows:

 thickness of roof/floor slab and wall : ± 10 mm;

 internal width and height of the opening : ± 1 % !(min -10 mm, max 15 mm)";

 length of units : ± 1 % !(min ± 15 mm)";

 joints: (see Figure 2) ; a, b, c, d, e, f, g : !± 10 mm"

4.3.1.2 Minimum dimensions

The nominal thickness for roof, floor and wall shall be not less than 100 mm

NOTE The length of unit is determined by the maximum weight and overall dimensions which can conveniently be lifted, transported and placed into the works but is not likely to be less than 1 000 mm except where handling or special considerations apply

4.3.1.3 Nominal size

Box culverts shall be described by their principal dimensions according to 3.2, expressed in sequence:

The manufacturer shall declare the box culvert nominal dimensions

The opening may be provided with corner splays, which shall not reduce the rectangular area by more than

10 %

4.3.1.4 Shape tolerance

Squareness: the difference between the diagonal dimensions of any face or end shall not exceed the following values:

 for any internal dimensions up to 2 000 mm: 10 mm;

 for any internal dimensions greater than 2 000 mm up to 4 000 mm: 15 mm;

 for any internal dimensions greater than 4 000 mm: 20 mm

NOTE Tolerances might influence the watertightness characteristic of the joints

4.3.1.5 Cumulative effect

Deviations can be cumulative and the overall effect may need to be considered

For initial production from a new mould, where required with regard to fit, overlap and stepping shall be determined by placing at least three units onto a common level support, with the units just touching each other Measured inside the units, the joint width between successive units shall not vary by more than 10 mm and the maximum step between adjacent units should not be more than 15 mm

4.3.2 Surface characteristics

4.3.2.1 General

Subclause 4.3.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

Flatness: the deviation from a 1 500 mm straight edge placed in any position on an internal surface shall not exceed 10 mm

4.3.2.2 Cracking

Crazing within the cement rich layer, shrinkage or temperature hairline cracks with a surface width not exceeding 0,15 mm and residual cracks caused by testing, having the same limiting surface width are permissible

Different calculation methods may be applied provided they are confirmed by testing (see 4.3.3.3 below)

4.3.3.3 Verification by calculation aided by physical testing

In the case of testing 4.3.3.3 of EN 13369 shall apply and the appropriate design parameters shall be simulated in the test arrangement The testing rig shall have the capability to apply load in varying positions and intensities to simulate the critical bending, shear and cracking conditions

Testing rig details are given in Annex B

Subclause 4.3.7 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

In addition the strength requirement as defined in 4.2.2.1 shall be observed

4.3.7.4 Steel corrosion resistance

Subclause 4.3.7.4 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply Properly designed spacing devices shall be used to maintain design covers

Subclause 5.1 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

5.2 Measuring of dimensions and surface characteristics

In addition to the requirements of 5.2 of EN 13369:2004, the following requirements for box culverts shall be followed

The tolerances stated in 4.3.1.1 shall be checked using the procedure described below:

a) Roof, floor and wall thickness

Measure thickness of section at mid position of each face at each end of unit Compare values with value given in 4.3.1.1

b) Width and depth

Measure internal width and depth at each end of unit Compare values with value given in 4.3.1.1

5.3 Weight of the products

The method of determining the weight shall be either by weighing or by calculation, in accordance with 5.3 of

EN 13369:2004

6 Evaluation of conformity

The evaluation of conformity shall be in accordance with Clause 6 of EN 13369:2004 except that Table D.4 of

EN 13369:2004 shall be replaced by Table 1 below and that 6.2.2 of EN 13369:2004 shall be supplemented

by the following method of initial type testing

Table 1 — Finished product inspection

1 Final inspection

Reference tests as described in the standard

Conformity with the requirements of this standard and the requirements for the manufacturer declared properties

In accordance with the requirements of factory production control

2 Marking/labelling Visual check Conformity with the requirements of this standard Daily

3 Storage Visual check Conformity with the requirements of this standard Daily

4 Delivery Visual check Correct delivery age, loading and loading documents Daily

6.2.2 Initial Type Testing

Initial type testing shall be subject to one of the following methods:

a) in case of verification by calculation using 4.3.3.2 of EN 13369:2004, initial type testing shall be based on checking of calculations;

b) where appropriate (see 4.3.3.3) physical testing for the mechanical resistance of the units shall be performed according to Annex B

7 Marking

Clause 7 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

8 Technical documentation

Clause 8 of EN 13369:2004 shall apply

For installation recommendations it should be referred to Annex C

Annex A

(informative)

Additional information for the design of box culverts

A.1 Characteristic horizontal load

Maximum and minimum horizontal loads from fill pressure should be assessed by the principles of soil mechanics It should take into account the type of fill, the method of installation of the culvert, the backfilling and possible presence of groundwater

A.2 Reinforcement of inner wall faces

Even when analysis indicates that there is no tension in a face, minimum reinforcement being not less than the minimum reinforcement of EN 1992-1-2 should be provided It should be able to resist an ultimate bending moment of 0,8 H kNm/m (where H3e e is the effective span of the wall in metres) but should be not less than the minimum reinforcement required by EN 1992-1-2 This does not apply, however, to the corner splays of culverts or to the inner wall faces of culverts less than 500 mm in internal depth

A.3 Stability

Considerations of stability such as allowable bearing pressure and resistance to sliding or overturning may not influence the design of culvert strength and they are not within the scope of this standard It may be assumed that, if any such investigations are considered to be necessary, they will be undertaken by the engineer responsible for the works that incorporate the box culverts

A.4 Horizontal surface loads

It may be assumed that any horizontal loads due to surface traffic will be safely dispersed through a road slab

or other surface without effect upon the box culvert

A.5 Deflection of roof slab

It is not usually necessary to check the deflection of the roof slab If however the fill depth is less than the minimum recommended below and an assessment to live load deflection is required, it will be sufficiently accurate to assume that:

midspan deflection 3

r

2 e

Lt

MW

20

=where

M maximum free span moment1) per unit due to surface load only at the serviceability limit state (kNm);

We effective roof span;

L length of unit;

and

tr thickness of roof slab

It is recommended that the minimum fill depth should be not less than 200 mm or one fifteenth of the internal width of the box culvert if greater

A.6 Differential settlement

Box culverts may be subject to differential settlement that will be accommodated by relative movement at the joints Such settlement should be considered to have no effect upon the design loads or structural analysis and no allowance made for transfer of forces between the units

B.2 Limit of use of this test

The configuration of loading and bearing (see below) creates linear and negative bending moment (external fibre under tension) in all the walls Therefore, this test is not sufficient in the particular case of service conditions where the walls are subjected to positive bending moments, which can exceed the capacity of the minimum inner wall reinforcement (where positive wall moments are required the testing system will need to

be modified to achieve these moments Alternatively the units can be retested turned through 90° to their in use orientation)

B.3 Test arrangements

Key

wa Support spacing (m)

wp Loading beam spacing (m)

F Total test load (kN/m)

Figure B.1 — Test arrangements

The supports and loading beams shall be placed symmetrically about the centre line of the culvert unit Suitable soft packing material shall be introduced between the concrete surfaces and the beams

B.4 Test criteria

Parameters wa, wp and F shall be adjusted to verify that the following criteria are simultaneously achieved:

 maximum positive service moment at mid span of the roof (internal fibre under tension);

 maximum positive service moment at mid span of the floor (internal fibre under tension);

 maximum negative service moment in the upper corners (external fibre under tension);

 maximum negative service moment in the lower corners (external fibre under tension)

The wa, wp and F parameters are independent of the wall thickness and the corner splay dimensions

B.5 Definition of the dimensional parameters

Key

We Width between neutral fibres (m)

He Height between neutral fibres (m)

Figure B.2 — Definition of the dimensional parameters

Test conditions are valid for all boxes which have the same dimensions W e and H e, and have the same service conditions

Figure B.3 — Definition of the main sections

B.7 Determination of the test parameters (wp, wa, F)

Given that generally:

M(Si) moment due to test load in the section Si;

M1, M2 max positive moment in sections S1, S2 respectively;

M3, M4 max negative moment in sections S3, S4 respectively;

f(Si) reduced moment in the section Si

Moment due to test load F in the section Si is given by:

M(S ⋅

=

The material resistance theory gives the calculation of the reduced moment f(Si) according to the dimensions:

2 2 2 2

2 1

232862

73

318

rq q q r rq q rs r r

r r S

f

++

−

−

−

−++

+

⋅+

2 2

2 3 2 8 6 2

7 3

) 3 ( ) 1 ( 8 )

(

rs s s r rs s rq r r

r r

S

f

+ +

−

−

−

− + +

+

⋅ +

⋅

=

2 2 2 3

2 3 3

3 1

8 )

(

rq q rs r

r r

S

f

+ +

⋅

=

2 2 2 4

233

)3(.)1(.8)

(

rs s rq r

r r S

f

++

−

−

−

++

=

Taking the section Si corresponding to the minimum of negative service moments between M3 (upper corner) and M4 (lower corner), and the section Sk as corresponding to the maximum of M3 and M4 Then parameters (wp, wa, F) are adjusted to verify the following equations:

1 1

Furthermore, to ensure that section Sk is at least submitted during testing to Mk, the parameters (wp, wa, F)

solutions of the previous equations may be recalculated according to the following conditions:

If

)( k

e

k f S

W F

M > ⋅ then parameters (w

p, wa, F) are recalculated in order to verify the following equations:

1 1