This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015, and conflicting natio
General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause
The machinery must be designed in accordance with EN ISO 12100 principles to address relevant but not significant hazards, such as sharp edges, that are not covered in this document.
Steering system
5.2.1 Steering systems shall enable the snow grooming equipment to be steered easily
5.2.2 The system of control of the steering system shall as a minimum comply with performance level c of
Snow grooming equipment must maintain steerability even if the drive system fails If maintaining steerability is not feasible, or if the steering system experiences other malfunctions, the equipment should be designed to be immobilized without compromising control.
Brakes
Snow grooming equipment must be equipped with two independent brake systems, each with its own actuating mechanism, ensuring that one system remains fully operational if the other fails The actuating systems should engage different braking surfaces, such as brake pads, shoes, or plates, which can be housed within a shared brake drum or disc.
5.3.2 One of the braking systems shall act as a parking brake A mechanical linkage shall be provided as the means of actuation for the parking brake
In cases where the primary snow grooming equipment drive system ensures reliable braking, such as with hydrostatic drive machines, only the parking brake function is necessary from one of the two braking systems mentioned in section 5.3.1.
5.3.4 Brake systems shall act on parts permanently connected to the driven wheels Any disengagement of those parts from the driven wheels shall not be possible
5.3.5 The parking brake shall be capable of keeping the machine immobilised:
1) without propulsion under all intended conditions (terrain, slope);
2) on a horizontal surface with a maximum propulsion torque
5.3.6 Brake systems shall be designed such that environmental influences such as moisture, snow and ice do not render them ineffective
During routine maintenance, it should be feasible to assess the condition of brake pads, shoes, and plates Additionally, the brake fluid level must be easily checkable without requiring any tools.
Snow grooming equipment must be equipped with a warning system that emits a loud acoustic signal, surpassing ambient noise levels, if the driver leaves the cab without engaging the parking brake.
An interlock system must be implemented to automatically engage the parking brake when any cabin door is opened, such as through electrical switches The parking brake can only be disengaged by a deliberate action from the driver while in the driving position.
Setting in motion
5.4.1 The snow grooming equipment shall remain immobile when the engine is started Any inadvertent movement shall be avoided
5.4.2 It shall be possible to protect snow grooming equipment against unauthorised use, for example by an ignition lock or lockable driver's cab.
Tensioners for tracks
Manual tensioners for tracks shall be directly accessible and shall be designed such that they can be easily operated.
Driver's cab
Seat
5.6.2.1.1 The driver's seat shall comply with the requirements of ISO 11112 without Amendment 1
5.6.2.1.2 If the intended use of the machine includes the occasional transport of person(s) in the cab, seats shall be provided for these persons These seats shall be upholstered
The driver's position must feature a suspended seat that complies with input spectrum class PG, as outlined in Annex A This class takes into account the unique vibration characteristics of snow grooming equipment, referencing the spectral classes EM5 and EM6, which are defined by their filter cut-off frequency.
The SEAT factor according to EN 30326-1:1994 shall be below 0,7 under test conditions
The transmissibility (see EN 30326-1:1994, 9.2) H(f r) = a S(f r)/a P(f r) at resonance along the vertical axis shall be less than 2
The tolerances (see EN 30326-1:1994, 8.1) shall meet the requirements of ISO 7096:2008, 5.5
5.6.2.1.4 The driver's seat !deleted text" shall be fitted with seat belts in accordance with
The design of snow grooming equipment must ensure that the driver has a clear view of the driving and operating zones This includes equipping the windscreen and rear window with wipers, as well as implementing a heating and ventilation system that features de-icing and defogging capabilities for all critical windows To maintain unobstructed vision during operation, additional systems like electrically heated window panes may be utilized Furthermore, side windows should be designed to open for enhanced visibility.
Additional seats shall be fitted with seat belts in accordance with EN ISO 6683:2008
Additional seats shall be protected by the safety structures as specified in 5.6.1.3 (ROPS)
The side for applying lateral load during the ROPS test will be identified through Finite Element analysis (FE), which reveals the side most vulnerable in terms of structural strength and the placement of the DLV.
Transport of persons outside the driver's cab
If the transport of persons outside the driver's cab is part of the intended use of the machine the requirements of Annex B shall be fulfilled."
Control systems and their actuators, instruments
Protective collars and locks must be implemented to secure control system actuators from accidental activation that could lead to dangerous movements, especially when individuals are entering or exiting the driver's cab However, this requirement does not extend to actuators that are intended to function only in conjunction with another actuator, such as those requiring two-handed operation.
The travel movement controls must be designed so that only the individual seated in the driver's position can operate them, typically through their specific location and/or the combination of control devices.
Controls for power-driven working attachments must be designed to ensure that any movement ceases immediately upon release of the control, except in cases where a latched position is required for operational purposes.
Machines must possess adequate immunity to electromagnetic disturbances to ensure safe operation as intended, preventing any dangerous failures when subjected to various levels and types of disturbances.
The manufacturer of snow grooming equipment must design, install, and wire the equipment and its subassemblies in accordance with supplier recommendations, ensuring compliance with EN ISO 14982 to verify immunity aspects during normal use.
5.8.4 Snow grooming equipment shall be equipped with the instruments and indicators necessary for safe operation These instruments and indicators shall be suitably positioned and readily legible.
Measures to prevent effects dangerous to health
To mitigate the hazardous effects of gases and vapors, it is essential to implement specific safety measures Notably, fuel filler necks, breather lines for batteries, and hydraulic vent lines must be strategically located outside the driver's cab.
Exhaust pipes located in areas accessible to individuals must be equipped with proper guards to prevent injuries from contact with hot surfaces, in compliance with EN ISO 13732-1.
5.9.3 The discharges of exhaust pipes shall be positioned such that the exhaust gases are not directed into the field of activity or zones accessibly by persons.
Lighting systems and recognisability
Snow grooming equipment must have work lights that ensure sufficient illumination of the driving area for both forward and reverse movement These lights should make the machines easily visible and identifiable in low-light conditions and poor visibility.
5.10.2 Work lights shall be provided in adequate numbers and shall be so positioned that their effect is not impaired by working attachments mounted on the machine
5.10.3 Snow grooming equipment shall be equipped with rotating beacon(s) or flashing light(s) and shall meet the following requirements:
Table 3 — Special warning lamp (beacon)
1 Colour of the light Amber or yellow
2 Number One or more to meet visibility requirements
H 1 (maximum height above ground) as required to meet geometric visibility requirements
H 2 (minimum height above ground) as required to meet geometric visibility requirements
D (distance between lamps) as required to meet geometric visibility requirements
E (distance from outer edge of vehicle) as required to meet geometric visibility requirements
4 Minimum angles of geometric visibility (in °, related to the horizontal) α 1 (upwards) 8° α 2 (downwards) shall light up the ground 50 m from the periphery of the machine β 1 (outwards): 360° β 2 (inwards) not applicable
5 Positioning of the warning lamp(s) all around
6 Electrical connections Lamp(s) shall switch on independently of the other lamps
5.10.4 Snow grooming equipment shall be equipped with at least two red light taillights, arranged such that their effect is not impaired by working attachments mounted on the machine
5.10.5 Snow grooming equipment shall be equipped with yellow flashing light direction-of-travel (turning left or right) indicators
5.10.6 Snow grooming equipment shall be finished in a high-visibility colour to be readily visible and identifiable in daylight.
Acoustic warning devices
Snow grooming equipment must have an audible warning device, such as a horn, that is operable from the operator's position This device should produce an A-weighted sound pressure level of at least 93 dB when measured from a distance of 7 meters in front of the machine, without any working attachment The testing of this warning device must adhere to the standards set by ISO 9533:2010.
An automatic intermittent audible warning signal must activate when the machine is in reverse, producing an A-weighted sound pressure level of at least 107 dB at a frequency of 1,250 Hz ± 20% Additionally, a manually operable warning signal with the same sound pressure level, frequency, and interval should be available when the machine is moving forward.
Rear-view mirrors
Snow grooming equipment must include a minimum of two heated exterior mirrors and one interior mirror, designed and positioned to provide the driver with a sufficient rear view, in compliance with ISO 14401-1 and ISO 14401-2, Class A and Class B standards (with the working attachment in the working position).
Equipment holders
The machines shall have provisions for the safe fixing of the auxiliary equipment (skis, hand shovel, etc.).
Working attachments
5.14.1 Externally mounted working attachments shall be so designed and positioned, that they obstruct the driver's field of view as little as possible
5.14.2 Each removable working attachment shall bear clearly legible and indelible signs stating its operating mass
5.14.3 Towable working attachments with a static load > 50 kg at the towing point shall be equipped with props at the towing coupling to facilitate safe coupling and de-coupling
The prop shall keep the towing coupling approximately at the correct coupling height It is recommended that the prop height is adjustable
Rear mounted tillers must have fixed guards to prevent access to moving parts, ensuring safety by covering the tool as much as possible These guards must adhere to the standards set by EN 953.
The tool of rear-mounted tillers shall automatically stop should:
1) the tiller be lifted more than 0,5 m above ground level, or
2) the parking brake be applied, or
3) the engine speed drop below the minimum speed required for travel movement
5.14.5 The rear-mounted tiller shall be so designed, that it can only start up under the following conditions when:
1) the distance of the tool to the ground is intentionally brought below 0,5 m;
2) the engine speed is at least 90 % of the minimum speed required for travel movement
In case the parking brake has been applied, a rear-mounted tiller shall be restartable only by the actuation of a control provided specifically for this purpose
In special operations where the driver's field of vision is maintained, the running tiller may be elevated to a height exceeding 0.5 meters above ground level, deviating from the standard requirements This adjustment is facilitated by a non-latching control that can be easily switched to the "off" position.
Provision for maintenance
5.15.1 Parts of snow grooming equipment such as the engine, batteries and hydraulic system that require regular maintenance and inspection shall be designed and positioned for ease of access
Snow grooming equipment must include positive-locking mechanical devices or equivalent systems for parts like the driver's cab, loading platform, engine-compartment cover, and working attachments that need to be tilted or raised for maintenance These devices ensure that the components remain securely in their raised position, preventing any accidental lowering Additionally, if the size or weight of these parts necessitates it, measures should be implemented to assist in their handling.
5.15.3 For the purposes of safe maintenance work and servicing, it shall be possible to isolate the vehicle's battery by easily accessible means, either
1) by means of a main switch between the electrical consumers and the corresponding battery pole; or
2) by means of a connection between the battery and earth that can be disconnected easily without the use of tools.
Noise
Noise reduction by design
Machines must be designed and built to minimize risks associated with airborne noise emissions, prioritizing the latest technological advancements and available noise reduction methods, especially at the source.
The available information and technical measures for reducing noise at source (see for example
EN ISO 11688-1) shall be taken into account in the design of snow grooming equipment
NOTE EN ISO 11688-2 provides useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery
5.16.1.2 Noise reduction by protective measures
The following measures – if practicable – are among those that are suitable:
2) encapsulation of the engine or engines;
NOTE Guidelines for the design of enclosures can be found in EN ISO 15667
The operating instructions shall contain information on residual risks associated with noise (see 7.1).
Measurement and declaration of noise emission
5.16.2.1 Determination of the emitted sound power level
The A-weighted sound power level of snow grooming equipment must be measured following ISO 6393:2008, utilizing the specified procedures and operational conditions for tractor-dozers The testing should be conducted on a hard reflecting plane as outlined in section 5.3.2 of ISO 6393.
5.16.2.2 Determination of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator's position
The A-weighted emission sound pressure level of snow grooming equipment shall be determined in accordance with ISO 6394:2008 and by applying the procedures and operation conditions described for tractor-dozers
5.16.2.3 Declaration and verification of noise emission values
The noise declaration must be presented as a single number noise emission value in accordance with ISO 4871, specifically determined for each machine as outlined in A.2.2 of !EN ISO 4871:2009 It is essential that the declaration explicitly states that the noise emission values are obtained following ISO 6393:2008 and ISO 6394:2008 Verification should be performed under the same measuring and operating conditions used for the initial determination of these values An example of a noise declaration can be found in section 7.1.1.
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures
The manufacturer shall conduct tests as a means of providing proof of compliance with the requirements of Clause 5 at the design and construction stages of its snow grooming equipment
Verification shall be conducted through measurements, visual inspections, applicable machine tests as outlined in Clause 5, and an assessment of documentation to ensure that purchased components meet the relevant standards.
Accompanying documents
7.1.1 Each snow grooming equipment shall have operating and maintenance instructions in accordance with !EN ISO 12100:2010, 6.4.5" The instructions shall contain, in well-structured form, all the
EN 15059:2009+A1:2015 (E) information necessary for intended use as designated by the manufacturer, compiled so as to be easily comprehensible
!The rules for transportation of persons in the cab and outside the driver's cab (if foreseen) shall be explained, especially slope and reverse-slope (see in particular 5.7 and Annex B)."
The operating instructions must specify the compatible working attachments for the snow grooming equipment and provide guidance on their proper usage Additionally, the instructions should include safety procedures for the installation and removal of these attachments.
The operating instructions shall contain the following information, if applicable:
1) information defining the intended use of the machine;
3) description of the instruments and controls;
4) procedure for adjustment of the operator's seat, use of safety belts and maintenance of the operator's seat;
5) the need for personal protective equipment;
6) safety-relevant technical data including the specifications of the spare parts to be used, when these affect the safety or health of operators;
7) the minimum knowledge and skills required for operating the machine;
It is crucial for drivers and personnel to read and understand the operating instructions before using or working with snow grooming equipment for the first time.
9) description of the danger zones around the machine and the measures to be taken against persons being in the danger zones with the snow grooming equipment in operation;
10) safety instructions relevant to the stability of the machine, including its equipment;
11) information on the temperature range in which the machine can be stored and operated as intended;
12) information on specific operating conditions (e.g use of the access systems and restraint systems, use of the heating and ventilation systems);
13) safety instructions for retrieval, towing and transportation (description of attachment points for retrieval and towing and tying down points for transportation);
14) safety instructions for lifting the machine, heavy equipment or parts of the machine;
15) safety instructions for maintenance and repair (in particular isolation from the energy supply, measures against reconnection, neutralizing residual energy, testing of safe state, etc.);
16) information on noise emissions: a) the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operating position, where this exceeds
70 dB(A); where this level does not exceed 70 dB(A), this fact must be indicated; the declaration of this value shall have the format of a single number declaration as defined in
According to EN 15059:2009+A1:2015 (E), if the A-weighted sound power level emitted by a machine exceeds 80 dB(A) at the operator's position, it must be declared in a single number format as specified in EN ISO 4871:2009.
NOTE 1 Additional noise-emission values can be included in the manufacturer's declaration, but only such that a confusion with the values specified above is avoided
EN ISO 4871 outlines a method for determining and verifying declared noise emission values This methodology relies on measured values and associated measurement uncertainties, which include the uncertainty from the measurement procedure—determined by the accuracy of the measurement method—and production uncertainty, reflecting variations in noise emissions among identical machines produced by the same manufacturer.
When assessing vibrations from machinery, it is crucial to report the total vibration value experienced by the arms, noting if it exceeds 2.5 m/s²; if not, this should also be stated Typically, hand-arm vibration levels on the controls of snow grooming equipment with a seated operator are significantly below this threshold Additionally, the highest root mean square value of the body's weighted acceleration must be reported if it exceeds 0.5 m/s², with a note if it does not It is essential to specify the operating conditions relevant to these measurements Furthermore, any indicated vibration emission values must include uncertainties, detailing the operating conditions during measurement and the methods used, ensuring that the values are either directly measured or derived from technically identical machines.
The whole-body vibration emission value provided is based on specific operating and terrain conditions, making it unrepresentative of the diverse conditions under which the machine may be used Therefore, this value should not be used to assess the whole-body vibration exposure experienced by the operator while using the machine.
The operation manual may include essential information regarding whole-body vibration emissions under the machine's intended operating conditions Notably, the machine features an operator's seat that complies with EN ISO 7096 standards, designed to address vertical vibration input during severe yet typical usage scenarios This seat has been tested with the input spectral class EM 1 and possesses a seat transmissibility factor of SEAT= 2.
The whole-body vibration emission of the machine under representative operating conditions
The machine is designed to operate within a range of acceleration levels, specifically from below 0.5 m/s² to a maximum short-term level that complies with EN ISO 7096, which is m/s² for this particular machine.
1 e.g EMPG for snow grooming equipment (see Annex A)
2 Given by the seat manufacturer
3 Maximum short term level a wS12 max will be determined as follows: a wS12 max = SEAT a* wP12; machine specific value
NOTE 4 This method for determine the expected range of whole-body vibration emission is related to representative measurement data obtained for elaborating EN ISO 7096:2008
The optimal design of the operator's seat is the most effective strategy to reduce whole-body vibration emissions in a specific family of machines, according to current industry standards.
To minimize whole-body vibration emissions during machine operation and protect the operator's health, it is essential to implement specific measures First, the operator's seat must be adjusted according to the manufacturer's specifications, considering the operator's weight and height Additionally, the machine should be utilized as intended, taking into account the actual ground conditions and any unique vibration effects associated with the working mode.
7.1.2 The operating instructions and maintenance instructions shall be in handy and durable form.
Machine marking
Minimum machine marking shall include:
1) business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorized representative;
4) designation of series or type, if any;
5) serial number or identification (ID) number, if available;
7) the mass in kg of the most usual configuration;
8) where appropriate: a) maximum draw bar pull at the coupling hook, in N; b) maximum vertical load on the coupling hook in N;
9) mass of the snow grooming equipment (without working attachments nor tracks) in transport conditions;
10) permissible gross weight of the vehicle
The mass of machine parts or attachments that shall be handled during use with lifting equipment shall be marked on these elements
Information printed directly on the machine should remain indelible and legible for the machine's entire expected working life
4 For machines and their related products intended to be put on the market in the EEA, CE marking as defined in the applicable European Directives, e.g Machinery, Outdoor noise
Table A.1 — Definition of input spectral class
Spectral class of input vibrations G x (ƒ)
(HP24) = S 4 /(1 + 2,613S + 3,414S 2 + 2,613S 3 + S 4 ) where: S = j ƒ/ƒ c; j = − 1; ƒ = frequency, [Hz] ƒc = Filter cut-off frequency, in hertz, as given in Table A.2
NOTE HP and LP designate high-pass and low-pass filters of the Butterworth type
Table A.2 — Filter cut-off frequencies
Filter cut-off frequencies, ƒ c , Hz
Filter designations (LP6) (LP12) (LP24) (LP48) (HP12) (HP24) (HP48)
High-pass (HP) and low-pass (LP) filters of the Butterworth type are characterized by their slope in decibels per octave, as indicated by the subordinated numbers The table above provides a comprehensive definition of band pass filters, detailing their cut-off frequencies and slopes.
Table A.3 — Characteristics of the simulated input vibration
Target PSD of vertical vibration at the platform
Frequency range ƒ1 to ƒ2 Frequency range ƒ3 to ƒ4 ƒ1 and ƒ2
Unweight ed target acceleratirms on on the platform
Weighted Target acceleratirms on on the platform ƒ3 and ƒ4
Unweighted target rms acceleration on the platform
Weighted Target rms acceleration on the platform
The values presented were derived using a frequency interval of ∆ f = 0.001 Hz and the complex analytical functions specified in ISO 2631-1:1997, Annex A Utilizing different ∆ f values or approximate equations may yield slightly varying results.
! Transport of persons outside the driver's cab
When transporting individuals on the load platform or bonnet of the machine, it is essential to equip this area with a roll-over protective structure (ROPS) in compliance with section 5.6.1.3.
NOTE 1 The function of roll-over protection can be fulfilled by the structure of the vehicle and/or a separate protective structure
For each ride-on person a seating surface with backrest shall be provided The seating surface and the backrest shall be padded
A safety belt according to EN ISO 6683:2008 shall be provided for each ride-on person
NOTE 2 The seating surface and/or the backrest may also be foldable
If a cabin is installed for the transport of persons, the additional requirements of B.2 apply
B.2 Additional requirements for the use of cabins for the transport of persons
Access to the cabin shall be in accordance with EN ISO 2867
The access area to the cabin shall be lighted with at least 30 lux
The cabin shall be fitted with interior lighting
The cabin shall be equipped with a ventilation system
Door latches must be designed to prevent unintentional openings and automatic activation under all operating conditions Additionally, if a door is not securely closed, the driver should be alerted through visual and/or auditory warning systems.
Doors and windows shall be easy to handle and protected against unintended slam by automatic, force-locked locking devices
The minimum space envelope height, R 1, is set at 920 mm, as specified in Figure 5 of EN ISO 3411:2007, and is measured from the seat index point (SIP) according to EN ISO 5353:1998.
Safety glass in accordance with !ECE R 43:2012" or glass-like materials with comparable characteristics shall be used for the glazing of windows and doors
Window panes must be designed to prevent the glass from being pushed inward in the cabin The installation of the glass should be capable of withstanding at least the surface pressure that the window pane can endure.
The inner coating, cushioning, insulation, and other components of machinery must be made from fire-retardant materials, ensuring that flame propagation does not exceed 200 mm/min as specified by ISO 3795:1989.
Communication from the cabin to the driver shall be possible by an optical and/or acoustic device
B.3 Conditions to deviate from requirements of B.1 of roll-over protective structures
By way of derogation the requirements of B.1 may be dispensed with if the following requirements are fulfilled
The roll-over protective structure when transporting instructed persons (e.g operating personnel) can be avoided under the following conditions:
— The use of the machine is limited to terrain without the risk of roll-over and tip-over;
— the machine-specific tipping angle α determined by the manufacturer (including all structures and transport masses) is defined as reference value (see Figure B.1);
— the machine shall be equipped with an optical and acoustic safety device which cannot be switched off and which indicates the exceeding of the angle α/2 to the driver;
— all open sides shall have as a minimum guard rails with a height between 1 100 mm and 1 200 mm and knee and foot rails in accordance with EN ISO 14122-3;
— guard rails shall be capable of withstanding a minimum force of 1 000 N, applied at any point from any direction, without visible permanent deformation;
— driver and persons to be transported have visual contact
NOTE Equipment with seats and safety belts can be avoided
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This European Standard was developed under a mandate from the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to ensure compliance with the Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC concerning machinery.
Citing this standard in the Official Journal of the European Union and implementing it as a national standard in at least one Member State grants a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements of the Directive and associated EFTA regulations, as long as compliance is within the scope of the standard.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard
[1] EN ISO 11688-2:2000, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment - Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design (ISO/TR 11688-2:1998)
[2] EN ISO 15667:2000, Acoustics - Guidelines for noise control by enclosures and cabins (ISO