untitled BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14647 2005 Incorporating corrigendum no 1 Calcium aluminate cement — Composition, specifications and conformity criteria The European Standard EN 14647 2005 has the sta[.]
Calcium aluminate cement clinker
Calcium aluminate cement clinker is produced by fusing or sintering a precisely specified mixture of aluminous and calcareous material.
Grinding aids
Grinding aids are chemical additives used in the grinding of calcium aluminate cement clinker to improve process efficiency The maximum allowable amount of grinding aid is 0.2% by mass of the cement on a dry basis Importantly, these aids must not cause corrosion of reinforcement or negatively affect the properties of the cement, concrete, or mortar produced.
Except for grinding aids that may be used in manufacture, as stated in 5.2, calcium aluminate cement shall be composed of only calcium aluminate cement clinker
7 Mechanical, physical and chemical requirements
Compressive strength
The compressive strength of calcium aluminate cement must meet specific standards, achieving a minimum of 18.0 MPa at 6 hours and 40.0 MPa at 24 hours, as tested according to EN 196-1.
- composition of the mortar shall be 1 350 g of CEN Standard sand, 500 g of calcium aluminate cement, and 200 g of water, i.e a water/cement ratio of 0,40;
- all specimens shall be demoulded after 6 h ± 15 min;
- specimens to be tested at 6 h shall be tested immediately after demoulding;
- specimens to be tested at 24 h shall be stored in water after demoulding, and tested at
Initial setting time
The initial setting time, determined in accordance with EN 196-3, shall not be less than 90 min (see also Table 1)
Other methods than EN 196-3 may be used provided that they give results correlated and equivalent to those obtained with EN 196-3
Table 1 — Mechanical and physical requirements given as characteristic values
Compressive strength (MPa) Initial setting time at 6 h at 24 h (min)
NOTE 1 Calcium aluminate cements are very rapid hardening so 28 day strengths at 20 °C are not relevant It is traditional to test conformity for strength at these early ages
The values obtained from these tests are not suitable for concrete design Annex A provides an explanation of the strength development of calcium aluminate cement concretes and outlines a method for predicting their minimum long-term strength.
Chemical requirements
The properties of calcium aluminate cement shall conform to the requirements listed in Table 2 when tested in accordance with the European Standard referred to
NOTE Some European countries have regulations for the content of water-soluble hexavalent chromium
Table 2 — Chemical requirements given as characteristic values
Alumina content (as Al2O3) EN 196-2 35 % ≤ Al2O3≤ 58 %
Sulfate content (as SO3) EN 196-2 ≤ 0,5 % a Requirements are given as percentage by mass of the final cement b Expressed as Na2O equivalent (Na2O + 0,658 K2O)
Calcium aluminate cement conforming to this European Standard shall be identified by:
Calcium aluminate cement EN 14647 CAC
The notation CAC covers definition (Clause 4), composition (Clauses 5 and 6) and requirements
European cements are categorized by type and a numerical strength class However, when evaluating calcium aluminate cement, it is crucial to consider the unique hydration process and strength development associated with it As a result, calcium aluminate cement typically does not have a designated strength class.
NOTE 2 A more extensive description of the strength development of calcium aluminate cement in concrete and mortar is given in Annex A
General requirements
Calcium aluminate cement must consistently meet the requirements of the European Standard through the testing of spot samples Table 3 outlines the properties, test methods, and minimum testing frequencies for the manufacturer's autocontrol testing For information on testing frequencies for cement that is not dispatched continuously and additional details, refer to EN 197-2.
For certification of conformity by an approved certification body, conformity of cement with this
European Standard shall be evaluated in accordance with EN 197-2
NOTE This European Standard does not deal with acceptance inspection at delivery
Table 3 — Properties and test methods and minimum testing frequencies for the autocontrol testing by the manufacturer and the statistical assessment procedure
Minimum testing Statistical assessment procedure
Property Test frequency Inspection by method a b Routine Initial variables d attributs e situation period
Initial setting time EN 196-3 2/week 4/week x
Alumina content EN 196-2 2/month 1/week x
Chloride content EN 196-2 2/month c 1/week x
Alkali content EN 196-2 1/month 1/week x
Sulfate content EN 196-2 1/month 1/week x
Sulfide content testing should be conducted according to EN 196-2, with a frequency of once a month or once a week, depending on specific conditions Alternative methods may be utilized if they yield results comparable to the reference method outlined in EN 196 Sample collection and preparation must adhere to EN 196-7 standards If no test results exceed 50% of the characteristic value over a 12-month period, testing frequency can be reduced to monthly In cases of non-normally distributed data, assessment methods will be determined individually Additionally, if at least one sample is collected weekly during the control period, assessment can be performed using variable methods.
Conformity criteria and evaluation procedure
Calcium aluminate cement is considered compliant with the European Standard if it meets the criteria outlined in sections 9.2.2 and 9.2.3 Compliance is assessed through continuous sampling of spot samples collected at the point of release, along with test results from all autocontrol samples gathered during the control period.
Conformity shall be formulated in terms of a statistical criterion based on:
⎯ specified characteristic values for mechanical, physical and chemical properties as given in 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3;
⎯ percentile P k, on which the specified characteristic value is based, as given in Table 4;
⎯ allowable probability of acceptance CR, as given in Table 4
Table 4 — Required values for P k and CR
(Lower limit) (Lower limit) requirements
The percentile P k on which the characteristic 10 % 5 % 10 % value is based
Allowable probability of acceptance CR 5 %
Conformity evaluation using a finite number of test results yields only an approximate value for the proportion of results deviating from the specified characteristic value within a population A larger sample size enhances the accuracy of this approximation Additionally, the chosen acceptance probability (CR) influences the precision of the approximation determined by the sampling plan.
Conformity with the requirements of this European Standard shall be verified either by variables or by attributes as described in 9.2.2.2 and 9.2.2.3 as specified in Table 3
The control period shall be 12 months
For this inspection the test results are assumed to be normally distributed
Conformity is verified when the following Equation(s) (1) and (2), as relevant, are satisfied:
The variable \$x\$ represents the arithmetic mean of all autocontrol test results during the control period, while \$s\$ denotes the standard deviation of these results Additionally, \$k_A\$ is defined as the acceptability constant.
L is the specified lower limit given in Tables 1 and 2 referred to in 7.1 and 7.3;
U is the specified upper limit given in Table 2 referred to in 7.3
The acceptability constant \( k_A \) is influenced by the percentile \( P_K \) used for the characteristic value, the allowable acceptance probability \( CR \), and the number of test results \( n \) For reference, the values of \( k_A \) can be found in Table 5.
Number of test for P K = 5 % for P K = 10 % results n (24 h strength, lower limit) (other properties)
NOTE Values given in this table are valid for CR = 5 % a Values of k A valid for intermediate values of n may also be used
The count of test results outside the characteristic value, denoted as \$c_D\$, will be compared to an acceptable number \$c_A\$, which is derived from the total number of autocontrol test results \$n\$ and the specified percentile \$P_K\$ in Table 6.
Conformity is verified when the Equation (3) is satisfied: c D ≤ c A (3)
The value of \( c_A \) is determined by the percentile \( P_K \) used for the characteristic value, the allowable acceptance probability \( C_R \), and the number \( n \) of test results Refer to Table 6 for the specific values of \( c_A \).
Number of test results n a c A for P K = 10 %
Values in this table are applicable for a confidence level (CR) of 5% If the number of test results (n) is less than 20, a statistically based conformity criterion cannot be established for a probability of conformity (P K) of 10% However, in cases where n is less than 20, a criterion of c A = 0 should be applied.
To ensure compliance with the requirements outlined in this document, it is essential to verify that each test result adheres to the single result limit values specified in Table 7, in addition to meeting the statistical conformity criteria.
Table 7 — Limit values for single results
Property Limit values for single results
Strength (MPa) 6 h 15,0 lower limit value 24 h 38,0
Initial setting time (min) lower limit value
Alumina content (%) a lower limit value 33 upper limit value 60
Sulfide content (%) a upper limit value
Chloride content (%) a upper limit value
Alkali content (%) a b upper limit value
Sulfate content (%) a upper limit value
0,6 a By mass of the final cement b Expressed as Na 2 O equivalent (Na 2 O + 0,658 K 2 O).
Guidance for the use of calcium aluminate cement in concrete and mortar
Introduction
Calcium aluminate cement, produced according to European standards, is suitable for construction applications that necessitate the unique properties of concretes and mortars made with this cement, subject to national regulations This annex aims to offer guidance on the effective use of calcium aluminate cement in concrete and mortar.
NOTE Applying this annex A does not imply compliance with provisions valid in the place of use of the CAC concrete
To achieve stability and durability, it is crucial to consider the conversion phenomenon, focusing solely on strength post-conversion for design purposes The final performance of conventional concrete is influenced by factors such as the water/cement ratio, aggregate type and grading, mix proportions, as well as production and placement methods Particular attention must be given to how the water/cement ratio affects strength levels after conversion.
For optimal structural performance of calcium aluminate cement-based concrete, it is recommended to maintain a total water/cement ratio not exceeding 0.40, which corresponds to an effective ratio of approximately 0.33 to 0.36 To achieve satisfactory strength without admixtures, a minimum cement content of 400 kg/m³ is necessary to ensure adequate paste volume for good workability.
When selecting a mix design, it is essential to ensure it meets the strength and durability requirements for its intended use For non-structural applications, a total water/cement ratio exceeding 0.40 can achieve the necessary strength and durability.
When utilizing calcium aluminate cement-based concrete, it is essential to estimate the converted strength using the correct procedures to meet design specifications Additionally, ensuring the durability of the concrete is crucial for long-term performance.
Calcium aluminate cement is specifically designed for specialized applications and should not be used as a general substitute for conventional cements outlined in EN 197-1, due to its unique properties.
- normal setting time but rapid hardening;
- resistance to temperature, abrasion and chemical attack;
- normal hardening rate in cold weather (see A.6.1)
If concrete is made in accordance with the principles given in this annex, it does not imply any conformity to national or international codes for design.
Specific characteristics of calcium aluminate cement
A.2.1 Hydration of calcium aluminate cement
Calcium aluminate cement primarily consists of monocalcium aluminate, which hydrates to form calcium aluminate hydrates and insoluble alumina trihydrate, without releasing calcium hydroxide (portlandite) This unique property contributes to the excellent resistance of CAC concrete against various aggressive agents.
A.2.2 Nature of the hydrates and conversion process
The following customary abbreviations are used:
CAC hydration always starts with the formation of the metastable hexagonal hydrates CAH10 and
C2AH8 CAH10 and C2AH8 change with time to form the stable cubic hydrate, C3AH6 and gibbsite AH3, following the reactions shown below:
The process of conversion is both inevitable and irreversible, with the minimum strength level achievable after conversion being estimable While complete conversion can take several years at 20 °C, higher temperatures significantly accelerate this process For instance, maintaining concrete temperatures above 80 °C allows for the formation of stable hydrates in just a few hours, as illustrated in Figure A.1, which demonstrates the impact of temperature on the time required to achieve minimum strength post-conversion.
Due to variations in hydrate densities, the conversion process leads to increased porosity, resulting in a notable decrease in strength post-conversion compared to pre-conversion This phenomenon accounts for the transient initial strength of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) concrete being higher than its long-term stable strength Consequently, it is advisable to maintain a total water-to-cement (W/C) ratio of no more than 0.40 for structural applications of CAC, while also ensuring that the mix design satisfies any additional performance criteria.
Figure A.1 gives two examples of the effect of temperature on conversion For this figure, the time to achieve conversion is defined by the time to reach minimum strength
1 Samples were pre-cured for 24 h at 20°C and then cured at the given temperature under water
2 Samples were placed directly under water (without pre-curing) at the given curing temperature
Y Time to reach minimum strength (days-log scale)
Figure A.1 – Time to reach minimum strength after conversion at different curing temperatures A.2.3 Hydration in presence of lime
In presence of calcium hydroxide, the setting rate is strongly accelerated, hardening is slowed down, and final strengths are lowered
Because of this sensitivity, precautions must be taken to ensure that lime or Portland based cement will not be mixed by accident when manufacturing concrete
Calcium aluminate cement can be combined with Portland cement and/or lime to create rapid-setting mixes, although these specific formulations are not addressed in this annex and require individual case studies for evaluation.
Hydraulic properties
At a temperature of approximately 28°C, the setting time may increase, as noted in references A.8 [1] and A.8 [2] However, this anomaly in setting time is typically less pronounced under actual site conditions.
A.3.2 Specific properties of calcium aluminate cement pastes, mortars and concretes
According to EN 196-3, soundness is not specified in this European Standard due to measurements falling below the minimum sensitivity of the measuring device Furthermore, the lack of significant amounts of dead burned lime, magnesia, or sulfate indicates that late expansion is unlikely in calcium aluminate cement.
Calcium aluminate cement releases a total heat of hydration between 400 J/g and 500 J/g, significantly faster than Portland cement In mass concrete, it can reach maximum temperatures of 70 °C to 80 °C within just 6 hours.
The variation of the absolute volume of the paste due to hydrate formation is greater than for Portland cements (Le Chatelier contraction)
Usually, shrinkage in air, after setting, develops earlier than in Portland cement mortars and concretes, but attains very similar values at 28 days
For these reasons, appropriate curing measures should be applied to prevent early cracking (see A.4.3)
The pH of the pore solution, around 12, together with the very low solubility of Al(OH)3 in the pH range
To ensure satisfactory protection of the reinforcement in structural applications, it is essential to achieve and maintain a dense structure of the hardened paste Therefore, it is recommended to keep the total water-to-cement (W/C) ratio at or below 0.40.
In aggressive environments characterized by chloride, sulfide, and CO2 exposure, it is crucial to ensure adequate compaction and thickness of the concrete cover This prevents a decrease in the pH value around the reinforcement, which is essential for maintaining its protective qualities.
The recommended thickness of the concrete cover is as stated in Tables 4-2 of EN 1992-1-1:2004 (see A.8 [3])
Owing to the conversion process described in A.2.2, strength develops differently when hydration occurs at low or high temperature Figure A.2 illustrates these differences in strength development over a period of 10 years
Concretes with small cross sections kept at approximately 20 °C can maintain their metastable form for several years, exhibiting exceptional strength As the conversion process advances, the strength gradually diminishes to a stable minimum level specific to the mix design After the conversion is fully achieved, the strength stabilizes and may even experience a slight increase if additional hydration occurs.
In concrete structures with large cross section, in which a temperature of 75 °C can easily be reached, conversion takes place rapidly and the strength will remain stable over time
At a temperature of approximately 28°C, the setting time may increase, as noted in references A.8 [1] and A.8 [2] However, this anomaly in setting time is typically less pronounced in real-world site conditions compared to controlled laboratory environments, where materials are kept at a constant temperature.
1 Initial hydration at 20 °C for 2 days, then protected outdoor conditions
2 Initial hydration at 70 °C for 2 days, then protected outdoor conditions
X Time in year (Log scale)
Figure A.2 – Typical long term strength development (Total W/C = 0,40; cement content: 400 kg/m³)
For design purposes, only the minimum strength after conversion must be considered and a method for estimating this minimum strength is given in A.7
The W/C ratio significantly affects compressive strength levels before and after conversion, as illustrated in Figure A.3 It is important to note that the converted strength cannot be reliably estimated from the unconverted strength due to the non-constant ratio between the two Therefore, the converted strength is the sole relevant value for design considerations Adhering to the specified W/C ratio during concrete production is essential to achieve the desired properties, and Figure A.3 further highlights the impact of deviations from this specified ratio.
The W/C ratio significantly affects the porosity of neat cement paste, as illustrated in Figure A.4 Since porosity is crucial for the durability of concrete and tends to increase with a higher W/C ratio, it is essential to follow the specified W/C ratio to ensure both design strength and durability.
Y Compressive Strength on cubes (MPa) { George (1990) - Before conversion
X Total Water/Cement Ratio z George (1990) - After conversion
Robson (1962) - Before conversion ¡ Robson (1962) - After conversion
Figure A.3 – Relation between total water/cement ratio and compressive strength of CAC concrete before and after conversion ‰ ˆ
Y Porosity by mercury intrusion (%) 1 Before conversion
X Water/Cement Ratio 2 After conversion
Figure A.4 - Relation between water/cement ratio and porosity of neat CAC paste
Calcium aluminate cement has a unique chemical composition that prevents the release of calcium hydroxide during hydration, enabling well-compacted concretes to resist various aggressive agents However, high porosity or permeability due to excessive water-to-cement ratios or poor workmanship can make these concretes susceptible to alkali or sulfate attacks In such scenarios, releasable alkalis (potassium and sodium) from aggregates, mixing water, or the environment can infiltrate the calcium aluminate cement concrete, particularly in the presence of atmospheric conditions.
CO2, alkali carbonates may form, which may trigger the reaction known as alkaline hydrolysis with carbonation, and lead to the loss of integrity of the cement matrix
Similarly, sulfates from the environment, e.g from sulfated ground waters or gypsum plaster, may migrate into such concretes and mortars and this could lead to disruptive sulfate attack.
Production of calcium aluminate cement concrete
Only use aggregates that comply with the standard requirements for concrete (EN 12620) or mortar (EN 13139) It is essential to avoid aggregates that include sands with releasable alkalis, especially those derived from schists and rocks containing micas and feldspars.
The normal concreting techniques used for common cement concrete also apply to CAC concrete The specific recommendations hereunder are of particular importance
To prevent accelerated setting, it is crucial to avoid contact with residues from other types of cement, concrete, or lime Ensure that all equipment is clean and devoid of any hardened concrete Additionally, the silo designated for storing calcium aluminate cement must be completely emptied and thoroughly cleaned prior to use.
The ideal cement content is influenced by the type and maximum size of aggregates, the water-to-cement (W/C) ratio, desired workability, and strength requirements To ensure adequate workability with a total W/C ratio of 0.40 or less, a minimum cement content of 400 kg/m³ is recommended without the use of admixtures.
For optimal results, the mixing water must be clean and meet the standards set by EN 1008, with the strict prohibition of recycled water Additionally, sea water should be avoided in CAC concrete as it can delay the setting time.
Figures A.3 and A.4 demonstrate that the strength and potential durability of CAC concrete diminish significantly with an increasing water-to-cement (W/C) ratio Therefore, it is crucial to consider this factor in the design of CAC concrete For structural applications, it is advisable to maintain a total W/C ratio of no more than 0.40 In contrast, for non-structural applications, acceptable strength and durability can be achieved with a total W/C ratio exceeding 0.40.
Effective compaction is crucial for concrete made with calcium aluminate cement, and utilizing appropriate methods such as vibrating pokers is essential for achieving optimal results.
It is essential that the formwork is clean Take care to avoid any loss of laitance
To prevent the drying of concrete surfaces, it is essential to employ suitable curing methods Calcium aluminate cement hydrates more quickly than Portland cement, leading to higher temperatures during the hardening process This increases the risk of thermal cracking, necessitating careful attention to proper curing techniques Appropriate curing methods should be selected based on the type of construction and in accordance with the latest industry standards.
Admixtures
Calcium aluminate cement concrete is typically used in construction without admixtures Optimal workability is achieved through high cement content and effective compaction, which is facilitated by maintaining low water-to-cement (W/C) ratios.
Admixtures can be utilized with calcium aluminate cement (CAC) concretes to enhance both fresh and hardened concrete properties It is crucial to understand that these admixtures must comply with EN 934-2 (A.8 [12]) standards for aluminate cement Conducting preliminary tests is essential to ensure that the desired outcomes are achieved with the selected admixture.
Use of calcium aluminate cement in particular conditions
The early and rapid exothermicity of calcium aluminate cement allows concreting to be carried out in cold weather
Concrete may be placed at temperatures as low as –10 °C, provided that the following precautions are taken:
- do not use frozen aggregates;
- use warm water for mixing;
To prevent concrete from freezing during the initial hardening phase, which typically lasts about 4 to 5 hours after placement, it is essential to insulate it using materials such as dry sacking, matting, or sheeting.
Concreting in hot weather can be carried out if the following precautions are taken:
- do not expose the constituents of the concrete to the sun;
- use chilled water for mixing;
To prevent surface drying of concrete due to high air temperatures and the heat generated during hydration, it is essential to cure the concrete promptly using suitable methods.
To ensure optimal workability during concrete placement in high temperatures, it may be necessary to use a retarding admixture The selection and dosage of this admixture should be based on preliminary testing.
In the very special case, when all the materials would be at the same temperature, around
28 °C to 30 °C, a delay in hardening may occur because of the anomaly in the setting time/temperature curve
A.6.3 Use in chemically aggressive environments
High-quality CAC concrete, produced following the guidelines in this annex, offers superior resistance compared to Portland cement concrete against various aggressive substances This includes pure water, sulfate-containing water and soil, seawater, diluted organic or mineral acids, and solutions of organic products such as sugars, oils, beers, wines, and hydrocarbons, with a pH range of 4 to 11.
The aggregate shall also be chosen according to its own resistance to the considered corrosive agent.
A.6.4 Maintenance and repair of works
CAC mortars and concretes may be used for the maintenance and repair of works made with common cement concrete
A bond is typically formed between two materials; however, when soluble alkalis and CO2 can migrate from wet, porous common cement concrete to CAC mortar or concrete, the use of an epoxy bonding agent is advisable.
A.6.5 Use in concrete with special properties
CAC concrete produced according to this annex has a good resistance to high temperature, thermal shocks and abrasion, provided aggregates are adequately selected.
Rapid test to estimate the minimum long term strength of calcium aluminate
High ambient temperatures significantly accelerate conversion, reducing the time required to achieve minimum strength At 38 °C, this duration is just 5 days, and research indicates that the long-term minimum strength will not drop below this threshold Consequently, the outcomes of this rapid test can be utilized to estimate the long-term maximum design strengths of CAC concretes.
Numerous studies indicate that a 5-day curing period at 38 °C is optimal for achieving minimum concrete strength However, if curing is delayed, such as by 24 hours post-casting, the minimum strength may not be reached until 3 months later Additionally, certain aggregates and fillers, especially those with carbonates like limestone, can further postpone the attainment of minimum strength, necessitating additional tests at extended ages to accurately determine strength levels.
For effective concrete testing, essential equipment includes a standard laboratory or site concrete mixer, metallic moulds of appropriate form and dimensions, and tools for placing and compacting the concrete Additionally, a thermostatically controlled curing tank is required to maintain water temperature at (38 ± 1) °C, along with a standard compression testing machine for accurate strength assessment.
After mixing the concrete, cast test specimens in the appropriate molds while ensuring proper compaction Cover the filled molds with a glass or metal plate that is in close contact with the concrete surface and the top edges of the mold.
Place the filled and covered mould into the tank (A.7.2 d)) ensuring that the mould is completely immersed
After (24 ± 1) h remove the mould from the tank and demould the concrete specimen Immediately replace the concrete specimen in the tank to avoid cooling of the concrete
After a further 4 days (5 days after casting) remove the test specimens from the tank and measure the compressive strength according to the appropriate European Standard
NOTE If necessary the test specimens may be transferred to a second tank of water at 20 °C for storage prior to testing but this period should not be more than 1 h
Carry out tests in duplicate or triplicate and calculate the average strength.
Bibliography
[1] Robson T.D., High alumina cements and concretes, Contractors Records Ltd., London, 1962, fig
[2] George C.M., Industrial aluminous cements, Structure and performance of cements, P Barnes Ed., London, Applied Science publishers, 1983, fig 3, p 423
[3] EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures — Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings
[4] Collins R.J., Gutt W., Research on long-term properties of high alumina cement concrete, Magazine of concrete research, Vol 40, N° 145, December 1988, 195-208
[5] Teychenné D.C., Long term research into the characteristics of high alumina cement concrete, Magazine of concrete research, Vol 27, N° 91, June 1975, 78-102
EN 1008 outlines the specifications for sampling, testing, and evaluating the suitability of mixing water for concrete, including the use of wash water from recycling installations in the concrete industry.
[9] George C.M., Manufacture and performance of aluminous cement: a new perspective, Calcium aluminate cements, R.J Mangabhai Ed., E.&F.N Spon, London (1990), 181-207
[10] Neville A.M., Properties of concrete, 4 th and Final edition, Longman, 1995, p 99
[11] Cottin B., Reif P., Paramètres physiques régissant les propriétés mécaniques des pâtes pures de liants alumineux, Revue des matériaux de construction, N° 661, octobre 1970, 293-306
[12] EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete admixtures – Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling
Some CEN member countries have regulations for the content of water-soluble hexavalent chromium
Currently, changes to these national regulations fall outside the authority of CEN/CENELEC members In these nations, the regulations remain in effect alongside the applicable requirements of this European Standard until they are officially revoked.
For this European Standard the following national regulations have been applied according to EC- Directive 90/531 by Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Norway and Sweden
Denmark: Arbejdstilsynets bekendtgứrelse nr 661 af 28 November 1983 om vandoplứseligt chromat i cement
Finland: Order of Council of State concerning limitations on cement and products containing cement, No 514, given on 16 June 2004
Germany: Gefahrstoffverordnung (GefStoffV) together with TRGS 613 “Ersatzstoffe,
Ersatzverfahren und Verwendungsbeschrọnkungen fỹr chromathaltige Zemente und chromathaltige zementhaltige Zubereitungen, April 1993 (BArbBI Nr 4.1993)”
Iceland: Reglur nr 330/1989 um króm i sementi, Order No 330 of 19 June 1989
Norway: Directorate of Labour Inspection: Regulations relating to the Working Environment, laid down on 23 October 1987
Sweden: Kemikalieinspektionens fửreskrifter om kemiska produkter och biotekniska organismer,
KIFS 1998:8, 9 kapitlet ĐĐ 10-13, Kemikalieinspektionens allmọnna rồd till fửreskrifterna om krom i cement, 1989:1
NOTE Existing regulations are being replaced by transposition of the Directive 2003/53/EC
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of EU
ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics
This European Standard has been prepared under a Mandate M/114 “Cement, building limes and other hydraulic binders” given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association
The clauses of this European Standard shown in this annex, meet the requirements of this mandate given under the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC)
Adhering to these clauses establishes a presumption of suitability for the calcium aluminate cement specified in this annex for its intended application, with reference to the information provided alongside the CE marking.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives, not affecting the fitness for intended use(s), can be applicable to a construction product falling within the scope of this European Standard
In addition to specific clauses regarding hazardous substances in this European Standard, other applicable requirements may exist for the products it covers, including transposed European legislation and national laws Compliance with these additional requirements is essential to meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive wherever applicable.
An informative database detailing European and national regulations regarding dangerous substances can be found on the Construction website at EUROPA.
This annex establishes the conditions for the CE marking of the calcium aluminate cement intended for the uses indicated in Table ZA.1 and shows the relevant clauses applicable:
The scope of this annex is defined by Table ZA.1.
Table ZA.1 outlines the harmonised clauses for calcium aluminate cement, which falls under the scope of this European Standard This product is intended for use in the preparation of concrete, mortar, grout, and other construction mixes, as well as for manufacturing construction products The performance characteristics and composition of calcium aluminate cement are defined based on its constituent materials.
The selection of calcium aluminate cement by Member States in technical regulations is not permitted Compressive strength requirements are defined by lower limits, with no pass/fail criteria specified Additionally, content requirements are outlined with both lower and upper limits, but again, no pass/fail standards are established Durability is associated with concrete, mortar, and other mixtures made from calcium aluminate cement, adhering to the applicable rules in the location of use.
In Member States (MSs) without regulatory requirements for a specific characteristic related to a product's intended use, manufacturers are not required to assess or declare the performance of their products concerning that characteristic In such cases, they may utilize the "No performance determined" (NPD) option in the information accompanying the CE marking However, this NPD option is not applicable if the characteristic in question has a defined threshold level.
ZA.2 Procedure for the attestation of conformity of products
ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity
The attestation of conformity system for calcium aluminate cement, as detailed in Table ZA.1, is outlined in Table ZA.2 for the specified intended uses, in compliance with the Commission Decision of 14 July 1997 (97/555/EC) published in the Official Journal of the European Communities and included in Annex 3 of the Mandate for the "Cements" product family.
Table ZA.2 — System of attestation of conformity
Product(s) Intended use(s) Level(s) or class(es) Attestation of conformity system(s)
Calcium aluminate cement Preparation of concrete, mortar, grout and other mixes for construction and for the manufacture of construction products
System 1+: See Annex III Section 2 point (i) of Directive 89/106/EEC, with audit-testing of samples taken at the factory
The attestation of conformity for calcium aluminate cement, as outlined in Table ZA.1, relies on the evaluation procedures specified in Table ZA.3, which are derived from the relevant clauses of this European Standard Additionally, Clause 6 of EN 197-2:2000 provides guidelines for addressing instances of non-conformity.
Clause 9 of EN 197-2:2000 outlines rules for Dispatching Centres but is not included in the CE marking attestation procedure under the Construction Products Directive (CPD) Nevertheless, Member States are responsible for ensuring the correct application of CE marking in accordance with their market surveillance duties as stated in Article 15.1 of the CPD It is essential to refer to Clause 9 of EN 197-2:2000 for relevant national regulations regarding Dispatching Centres.
Table ZA.3 — Assignment of evaluation of conformity tasks
Tasks Scope of the tasks Clauses to apply
Factory production control Parameters related to all relevant characteristics in Table Tasks for the ZA.1 manufacturer
Further testing of samples taken at the factory/depot c
All relevant characteristics in Table ZA.1 a
Initial type testing All relevant characteristics in
Initial inspection of factory and factory production control
Parameters related to all relevant characteristics in Table ZA.1 a
Continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of factory production control
Parameters related to all relevant characteristics in Table ZA.1 a
Tasks for the notified body
Audit-Testing of samples taken at the factory/depot All relevant characteristics in
According to EN 197-2:2000, specifically in Clauses 5b and 7a, except for durability, numerical criteria for calcium aluminate cement must replace the values specified in A.3.3 and A.3.4 of the standard.
⏐ M B - M C ⏐ ≤ 5,0 MPa. c Defined as autocontrol testing by the manufacturer in 9.1 and Table 3
ZA.2.2 EC certificate of conformity and EC declaration of conformity
Upon meeting the conditions outlined in this Annex, the certification body will issue an EC Certificate of Conformity, allowing the manufacturer to apply the CE marking This certificate will detail the necessary compliance results.
⎯ Name, address and identification number of the certification body;
⎯ Name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA, and place of production;
⎯ Description of the product (type, identification, use, );
⎯ Provisions to which the product conforms (e.g Annex ZA of this EN);
⎯ Particular conditions applicable to the use of the product (e g provisions for use under certain conditions, etc.);
⎯ Conditions and period of validity of the certificate, where applicable;
⎯ Name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the certificate
In addition, the manufacturer shall draw up a declaration of conformity (EC Declaration of conformity) including the following:
⎯ name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA;
⎯ name and address of the certification body;
⎯ description of the product (type, identification, use, ), and a copy of the information accompanying the CE marking;
⎯ provisions to which the product conforms (e.g Annex ZA of this EN);
⎯ particular conditions applicable to the use of the product (e.g provisions for use under certain conditions, etc.);
⎯ number of the accompanying EC Certificate of conformity;
⎯ name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the declaration on behalf of the manufacturer or of his authorised representative
The above mentioned declaration and certificate shall be presented in the official language or languages of the Member State in which the product is to be used
ZA.3 CE marking and labelling
The CE marking must be affixed by the manufacturer or their authorized representative within the EEA, in compliance with Directive 93/68/EC This symbol should be displayed on the bag of calcium aluminate cement, or if not feasible, on the accompanying label, packaging, or commercial documents such as a delivery note Additionally, specific information must accompany the CE marking symbol.
⎯ identification number of the certification body;
⎯ name or identifying mark and registered address of the producer;
⎯ last two digits of the year in which the marking is affixed;
⎯ number of the EC Certificate of conformity or factory production control certificate;
⎯ reference to this European Standard;
⎯ description of the product: generic name, … and intended use;
⎯ information on those relevant essential characteristics listed in Table ZA.1 which are to be declared presented as:
⎯ declared values and, where relevant, level or class (including “pass” for pass/fail requirements, where necessary) to declare for each essential characteristic as indicated in "Notes" in Table ZA.1;
⎯ as an alternative, standard designation(s) alone or in combination with declared values as above, and;
⎯ “No performance determined” for characteristics where this is relevant
The “No performance determined” (NPD) option may not be used where the characteristic is subject to
Figure ZA.1 gives an example of the information to be given on the product, label, packaging and/or commercial documents
CE conformity marking, consisting of the “CE”-symbol given in directive 93/68/EEC
Identification number of the certification body
(or position of date stamping)
Name or identifying mark of the producer
Registered address of the producer
Name or identifying mark of the factory where the cement was produced 1)
The last two digits of the year in which the marking was affixed 2)
Number of the EC certificate of conformity
Example of standard designation, indicating the cement product as specified in Clause 8 of this European Standard
Figure ZA.1 — Example of CE marking information
1) Considered necessary for the requirements of EN 197-2 but not compulsory
2) The year of marking should relate to either the time of packing into bags or the time of dispatch from the factory or depot
For practical purposes, there are alternative arrangements for presenting information on bagged cement Firstly, when the CE marking is displayed on the bag, it is preferred to include the elements shown in Figure ZA.1 Secondly, if the last two digits of the year of affixing the CE marking are pre-printed, they should accurately reflect the date within a margin of plus or minus three months Lastly, if the year is not pre-printed but needs to be presented, it can be added via date-stamping in a clearly visible location, which should be specified in the accompanying information for the CE marking.