Bsi bs en 13748 2 2004

Admixtures and additions may be used 3.3 dual-layered terrazzo tiles terrazzo tiles made up of a facing or wear layer whose composition is similar to single-layered terrazzo tiles and

Terrazzo tiles —

Part 2: Terrazzo tiles for external use

The European Standard EN 13748-2:2004 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 91.100.30

This British Standard was

published under the authority

of the Standards Policy and

Strategy Committee on

13 July 2004

© BSI 13 July 2004

National foreword

This British Standard is the official English language version of

EN 13748-2:2004 It supersedes BS 4131:1973 and BS 4357:1968 which are withdrawn

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/524, Precast concrete products, which has the responsibility to:

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary

Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or European

publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue

under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or

by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British

enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the

UK interests informed;

promulgate them in the UK

Amendments issued since publication

ICS 91.100.30

English version

Terrazzo tiles - Part 2: Terrazzo tiles for external use

Carreaux de mosạque - Partie 2: Carreaux de mosạque

de marbre à usage extérieur

Terrazzoplatten - Terrazzoplatten für die Anßenverwendung

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 April 2004.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E F Ü R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref No EN 13748-2:2004: E

Contents

page

Foreword 4

1 Scope 5

2 Normative references 5

3 Terms and definitions 5

4 Requirements 7

4.1 Materials 7

4.1.1 General 7

4.1.2 Cement 7

4.1.3 Aggregates 7

4.1.4 Mixing water 7

4.1.5 Admixtures 7

4.1.6 Additions (including mineral fillers, pigments and polymers) 7

4.2 Finished product requirements 7

4.2.1 General 7

4.2.2 Geometrical requirements 7

4.2.3 Surface characteristics and appearance 8

4.2.4 Mechanical strength 9

4.2.5 Slip/Skid resistance 10

4.2.6 Weathering resistance 11

4.2.7 Fire performance 11

4.2.8 Thermal conductivity 11

5 Physical test methods 11

5.1 Sampling plan and compliance criteria 11

5.2 Dimensional deviations 12

5.2.1 Dimensions 12

5.2.2 Thickness of surface layer 12

5.3 Straightness of edges 13

5.3.1 Measuring device 13

5.3.2 Testing method 13

5.4 Flatness of the upper face 14

5.4.1 Measuring device 14

5.4.2 Testing method 14

5.5 Breaking strength and breaking load 14

5.5.1 Apparatus 14

5.5.2 Preparation 15

5.5.3 Procedure 15

5.5.4 Testing of non-rectangular tiles 16

5.5.5 Calculation of results 16

5.5.6 Test report 16

5.6 Abrasion resistance 16

5.6.1 The wide wheel abrasion test 16

5.6.2 Böhme test method 22

5.7 Slip resistance: Method for the determination of unpolished slip resistance value (USRV) 25

5.7.1 Principle 25

5.7.2 Apparatus 25

5.7.3 Calibration 29

5.7.4 Sampling 29

5.7.5 Procedure 30

5.7.6 Calculation of unpolished slip resistance value USRV 30

5.7.7 Test report 30

5.8 Water absorption 30

5.8.1 Objective 30

5.8.2 Principle 31

5.8.3 Sampling 31

5.8.4 Apparatus and materials 31

5.8.5 Preparation of the test specimens 31

5.8.6 Procedure 31

5.8.7 Calculation of the results 32

5.8.8 Test report 32

5.9 Freeze/thaw resistance with de-icing salt 33

5.9.1 Principle 33

5.9.2 Specimen 33

5.9.3 Materials 33

5.9.4 Apparatus 33

5.9.5 Preparation of test specimens 34

5.9.6 Procedure 35

5.9.7 Calculation of test results 37

5.9.8 Test report 37

6 Evaluation of conformity and compliance criteria 37

6.1 General 37

6.2 Type testing of the tiles 37

6.2.1 Age for type testing 37

6.2.2 Initial type testing 37

6.2.3 Further type testing 38

6.3 Factory production control 38

7 Marking and labelling 38

Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives 39

ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics 39

ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity 40

ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity 40

ZA.2.2 EC Declaration of conformity 40

ZA.3 CE marking and labelling 41

Bibliography 43

at the latest by December 2004

This document has been prepared under Mandates M119 and M122 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s)

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document

EN 13748 consists of the following parts, under the general title "Terrazzo tiles" :

 Part 1: Terrazzo tiles for internal use

 Part 2: Terrazzo tiles for exterior use

Terrazzo tiles for exterior use are different from concrete paving flags covered by EN 1339, Concrete paving

flags Main differences are that the priority is given in EN 13748-2 to decorative aspects and mechanical

requirements are different For information, decorative products, similar to flags, with limited mechanical properties intended to be used in exterior for exclusive pedestrian circulation are covered by EN 13198

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

and United Kingdom

NOTE This standard applies to ex-factory products and does not take into account the laying of the product

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments)

EN 197-1, Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements

EN 450, Fly ash for concrete – Definitions, requirements and quality control

EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete admixtures – Definitions,

requirements, conformity, marking and labelling

prEN 10083-2, Quenched and tempered steels – Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for unalloyed quality

steels

EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete

EN 13369, Common rules for precast concrete products

EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials – Brinell hardness test – Part 1: Test method (ISO 6501-1:1999)

ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanised or thermoplastics – Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and

100 IRHD)

ISO 4662, Rubber – Determination of rebound resilience of vulcanizates

ISO 7619, Rubber – Determination of indentation hardness by means of pocket hardness meters

ISO 8486-1, Bounded abrasives – Determination and designation of grain size distribution – Part 1: Macrogrits

F4 to F220

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply

3.1

terrazzo tiles

suitably compacted elements of uniform shape and thickness, which conform with this standard The tiles may

be single – or dual – layered

They are either individually produced by compression and/or vibration, or cast as large cement-bound mineral aggregate sheets or blocks by means of vibration and/or compression and/or vacuum, before being cut to size

3.2

single-layered terrazzo tiles

terrazzo tiles made in a single homogeneous layer of granules or chippings of a suitable aggregate embedded

in a paste of grey or white cement and water Admixtures and additions may be used

3.3

dual-layered terrazzo tiles

terrazzo tiles made up of a facing or wear layer whose composition is similar to single-layered terrazzo tiles and a second layer known as the backing or base concrete layer whose surface is not exposed during normal use and which in the case of a calibrated tile will be partially removed by specialised processing

textured upper face

not flat upper face, with a regular texture pattern

4 Requirements

4.1 Materials

4.1.1 General

Only materials with established suitability shall be used

The suitability requirements of the materials used shall be given in the manufacturer’s production control documentation

The suitability of materials shall be established in terms of their properties and performance

Where, by conformity with relevant specifications, the properties and performance of materials have been demonstrated, further testing need not be performed

The suitability of mixing water shall be established in accordance with 4.1.1

In general in Europe, water from the public supply is suitable

4.1.5 Admixtures

EN 934-2 shall be applied The suitability of admixtures shall be established in accordance with 4.1.1

4.1.6 Additions (including mineral fillers, pigments and polymers)

Where applicable, fly ash shall conform to EN 450 The suitability of the other additions shall be established in accordance with 4.1.1

4.2 Finished product requirements

4.2.1 General

When tested in accordance with the methods described in clause 5, the tiles shall comply with the following requirements at the minimum age of 28 days or at the age declared suitable for use by the manufacturer if earlier

4.2.2 Geometrical requirements

4.2.2.1 General

The work dimensions of the tiles shall be specified by the manufacturer

4.2.2.2 Thickness

Thickness class I (Th I) : The thickness of the facing layer of the manufactured tile shall be at least 4 mm for

a product that will not be ground after laying

Thickness class II (Th II) : The thickness of the facing layer of the manufactured tile shall be at least 8 mm

for a product that will be ground after laying

Isolated particles of aggregates protruding into the facing material shall be ignored No thickness requirements are applicable to single layered tiles

NOTE If the surface of the terrazzo tiles contains ridges, grooves or other surface features as shown in Figure 1, the minimum thickness of the upper face from the bottom of the grooves to the bottom of the facing layer should be 2 mm

4.2.2.3 Dimensional deviations

Individual units when tested in accordance with 5.2 shall conform to the manufacturer’s declared work dimensions within the permissible deviations These deviations of the actual dimensions from the declared work dimensions shall be in accordance with Table 1

Table 1 – Deviation of actual dimensions

Dimension Tolerance

Edge length ± 0,3 % Thickness of the unit ± 2 mm (for a thickness < 40 mm)

± 3 mm (for a thickness ≥ 40 mm)

4.2.2.4 Shape tolerances

4.2.2.4.1 General

The format of the terrazzo tiles shall be specified by the manufacturer, including at least the length, the width and the thickness For non-square or non-rectangular tiles, the manufacturer shall also specify all the work dimensions that are required to define the tile

4.2.2.4.2 Straightness of edges of the upper face

When measured in accordance with 5.3, the maximum discrepancy between the edge and the ruler shall not

4.2.2.4.3 Flatness of the upper face

When measured in accordance with 5.4, no point shall deviate from the surface by more than 0,3 % of the length of the considered diagonal This does not apply to textured upper faces

4.2.3 Surface characteristics and appearance

In natural daylight and dry condition, no projections, depressions, flakes or crazes shall be visible from a distance of 2 m

Permanent filling of minor voids is allowed

Colourings, where applied, shall be provided in a facing layer or throughout the tile Slight variations in the

colour consistency between batches of tiles can be caused by unavoidable variations in the shade and

properties of cement and aggregates, by the manufacturing process or by time The manufacturer shall define

what he considers as a batch

NOTE Special attention should be given to correct storage of the tiles before placing them into the works

4.2.4 Mechanical strength

4.2.4.1 Breaking strength

The breaking strength shall be tested in accordance with 5.5

4.2.4.2 Breaking strength requirements

The breaking strength is deemed sufficient when the tiles comply with the following requirements when tested

in accordance with 5.5:

the appropriate strength class ;

Table 2 — Breaking strength classes for external use

Average bending strength

Minimum bending strength Class Marking

MPa MPa

1 ST 3,5 2,8

2 TT 4,0 3,2

3 UT 5,0 4,0 NOTE Guidance on application may be provided on a national basis

4.2.4.3 Breaking load requirements

When tested in accordance with the test method described in 5.5, the tiles shall comply with the following

requirements:

appropriate breaking class;

Table 3 — Breaking load classes

Average breaking load Minimum breaking load Class Marking

larger than 600 mm and if class 30 is required, it is only recommended for use with a continuous rigid foundation

4.2.4.4 Abrasion

Abrasion shall be verified in accordance with the wide wheel test method described in 5.6.1 (modified Capon test) which is the reference test; alternatively, the Böhme test method described in 5.6.2 may be used The abrasion requirement is assumed satisfied:

accordance with the wide wheel test (5.6.1 modified Capon test);

accordance with the Böhme test (5.6.2)

Table 4 — Abrasion resistance classes

Class Marking Individual abrasion

NOTE The slip/skid resistance value relates to the tiles as manufactured

4.2.5.2 Durability of slip/skid resistance

Under normal conditions of use, terrazzo tiles provide satisfactory slip/skid resistance during the working life of the product, provided they are subjected to normal maintenance that does not modify their initial slipperiness

4.2.6 Weathering resistance

The weathering resistance is determined by test in accordance with 5.8 for water absorption and in accordance with 5.9 for freeze-thaw resistance

The terrazzo tile shall comply with the requirements in Table 5

Table 5 — Weathering resistance classes

Class Marking Water absorption % by mass Mass loss after freeze/thaw test kg/m 2

1 A No performance measured No performance measured

2 B ≤ 6 as a mean No performance measured

3 D No performance measured ≤ 1,0 as a mean with no individual value > 1,5

NOTE The National Annex of a country may state the class(es) of weathering resistance required to ensure durability for that country

4.2.7 Fire performance

4.2.7.1 Reaction to fire

Terrazzo tiles for external use are considered to be reaction to fire class A1fl without the need for testing according to EC Decision 96/603/EEC, as amended

4.2.7.2 External fire performance

Terrazzo tiles for external use used as roof covering are deemed to satisfy the requirements for external fire performance without the need for testing according to EC Decision 2000/553/EC

4.2.8 Thermal conductivity

If terrazzo tiles for external use are intended to contribute to the thermal performance of an element, the manufacturer shall declare the thermal conductivity using data given in Table L2 of EN 13369

5 Physical test methods

5.1 Sampling plan and compliance criteria

Table 6 details the sampling and compliance criteria for the testing of each requirement

Table 1 — Sampling plan and compliance criteria for initial and further type testing

criteria

4.2.2 and 4.2.3 Appearance,

dimensions and

shape

the requirements

Slip/skid resistance

declared Weathering

A steel rule with an accuracy of 0,5 mm

Callipers with an accuracy of 0,1 mm

5.2.1.2 Procedure

The dimensions shall be measured at 3 points The maximum and minimum values shall be recorded

5.2.2 Thickness of surface layer

5.2.2.1 Apparatus

Measuring equipment capable of measuring with an accuracy of 0,5 mm

5.2.2.2 Procedure

Take a tile that has been broken

Measure the thickness of the surface layer on the split face at the point where, by visual inspection, the value

will be a minimum Record the measurement to the nearest millimetre

The thickness of the surface layer shall not be measured on the chamfer

Dimensions in millimetres

Key

Figure 2 — Measurement of edge straightness

5.4 Flatness of the upper face

Figure 3 — Measurement of upper face flatness

5.5 Breaking strength and breaking load

5.5.1 Apparatus

test loads and be capable of increasing the load at specified rates

It shall be constructed in such a way that it can induce 3 point bending into the sample without torsion

The load inducing bar shall be equidistant between the supports

The length of the supports and the load inducing bar shall be at least equal to the width of the sample to be tested (see Figure 4)

If packing pieces are used, they shall be medium density fibreboard and their width shall not exceed 25 mm

specimen’s plane

KEY

Figure 4 — Principle of testing

The actual span between the bearers shall be within 0,5 % of the specified span rounded to the nearest millimetre

5.5.2 Preparation

Use whole tiles when their plan shape includes at least two parallel straight edges In other cases, use sawn samples with the largest possible plan area which includes two parallel straight edges

remove, wipe dry and test immediately

If a face is rough, textured or curved, prepare it by grinding or capping until fully flat

Other methods of preparation may be used for routine testing providing there is a correlation between the results of the two methods, e.g using unground rough, textured or curved tiles instead of ground tiles

5.5.3 Procedure

Place the sample with its upper face uppermost, symmetrically on the bearers of the testing machine and with its shorter side parallel to the supporting bearers

Depending on the surface profile of the tile any one of the following shall be used at the discretion of the manufacturer:

Apply the load without shock and increase the load uniformly so that the required load is reached within

5.5.4 Testing of non-rectangular tiles

Non rectangular tiles should be cut to be rectangular

L P T

P is the breaking load, in N;

Record the individual result T in MPa and the breaking load in kN

5.5.6 Test report

Report the strength of the specimens and their mean value to the nearest 0,1 MPa

5.6 Abrasion resistance

5.6.1 The wide wheel abrasion test

5.6.1.1 Principle of wide wheel abrasion test

The test is carried out by abrading the upper face of a tile with an abrasive material under standard conditions

5.6.1.2 Abrasive material

The abrasive required for this test consists of a material comprising fused white fused alumina with a grit size

of 80 in shall be in accordance with ISO 8486-1 It shall not be used more than three times

5.6.1.3 Apparatus

The wearing machine (see Figure 5) is essentially made of a wide abrasion wheel, a storage hopper with one

or two control valves to regulate the output of the abrasive material, a flow guidance hopper, a clamping trolley and a counterweight

When two valves are used, one shall be used to regulate the rate of flow and can be permanently set while the other is used to turn the flow on and off

Key

Figure 5 — Principle of wearing machine

The wide abrasion wheel shall be made of steel E360 in accordance with prEN 10083-2 The hardness of the

A mobile clamping trolley is mounted on bearings and forced to move forwards to the wheel by a counterweight

The storage hopper containing the abrasive material feeds a flow guidance hopper

The flow guidance hopper may be cylindrical and shall have a slotted outlet (see Figure 6, Example 1) The

hopper shall be at least 10 mm bigger than the slot in all directions In the case of a rectangular hopper with at least one of the sides inclined down to the length of the slot, these dimensional limitations are not necessary (see Figure 6, Example 2)

Figure 6 — Position of slot in the base of the flow guidance hopper

the flow of the abrasive shall be (1 to 5) mm behind the leading edge of the wheel (see Figure 7)

9 Slot

Figure 7 — Position of slot relative to wide abrasion wheel

The flow of the abrasive material from the flow guidance hopper shall be at least at a minimum rate of 2,5 l/min onto the wide abrasion wheel The flow of abrasive shall be constant and the minimum level of the abrasive in the flow guidance hopper shall be 25 mm (see Figure 7)

Useful utensils for measuring the results are a magnifying glass, preferably equipped with a light, a steel ruler and a digital caliper

5.6.1.4 Calibration

The apparatus shall be calibrated after grinding 400 grooves or every two months whichever is the lesser and every time there is a new operator, a new batch of abrasive, or a new abrasion wheel

The abrasive flow rate shall be verified by pouring the material from a height of approximately 100 mm into a

top, this shall be approximately 1 l As the container fills up, the pourer shall be raised to maintain approximately the 100 mm fall When the container is filled, the top shall be struck off level and weighed to determine the mass of abrasive for a known volume, i.e the density The abrasive shall be run through the

3 l capacity The filled container shall be weighed and from the density determined above, the rate of abrasive flow can be verified as more than or equal to 2,5 l/min

decrease the groove length, respectively The clamping trolley/counterweight assembly shall be checked for undue friction

The groove shall be measured using the procedure in 5.6.1.7 to the nearest 0,1 mm and the three results averaged to give the calibration value

An alternative material may be used for the reference sample if a good correlation is established with a reference sample of “Boulonnaise Marble”

At every calibration of the apparatus the squareness of the sample supports shall be checked

The groove on the reference sample shall be rectangular with a difference between the measured length of the groove at either side not exceeding 0,5 mm If necessary check that:

5.6.1.5 Preparation of the specimen

the upper face of the unit

The test piece shall be clean and dry

two perpendicular directions, but over 100 mm

If the upper face is outside this tolerance, it shall be ground to produce a smooth flat surface within tolerance

1) The “Boulonnaise Marble reference is:

Lunel demi-clair, thickness: 5 cm, c/passe 2 faces ground with a diamond grit size 100/120, rugotest class N7 (Ra = 1,6 µm) in accordance with EN ISO 4288:1997

Immediately before testing, the surface to be tested shall be cleaned with a stiff brush and covered with a surface dye to facilitate measuring the groove (e.g painting with a marker pen)

Bring the specimen into contact with the wide abrasion wheel, open the control valve and simultaneously start

Visually check the regularity of the flow of the abrasive material during the test After 75 revolutions of the wheel, stop the abrasive flow and the wheel Whenever possible, two tests shall be performed on each specimen

5.6.1.7 Measuring the groove

Place the specimen under a big magnifying glass nominally at least 2 times magnification and preferably equipped with a light to facilitate the measuring of the groove

With a pencil with a lead diameter of 0,5 mm and hardness 6H or 7H, draw the external longitudinal limits

Then draw a line (A B) in the middle of the groove perpendicular to the centreline of the groove

Position a digital calliper with square tips on the points A and B to the inside edge of the longitudinal limits