Bsi bs en 13684 2004 + a3 2009

Table 1 — List of significant hazards associated with scarifiers and aerators continued 7 Hazards generated by materials and substances and their constituent elements processed or used

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 13684:2004+A3:2009 It supersedes BS EN 13684:2004+A2:2009, which is withdrawn

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !"

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AGE/20, Powered lawn and garden equipment

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained

on request to its secretary

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was

published under the authority

of the Standards Policy and

28 February 2010 Implementation of CEN amendment A3:2009

NORME EUROPÉENNE

English Version

Garden equipment - Pedestrian controlled lawn aerators and

scarifiers - Safety

Matériel de jardinage - Aérateurs et scarificateurs à

conducteur à pied - Sécurité

Gartengeräte - Handgeführte Rasen-Bodenbelüfter und

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A L I S A T I O N

E U R O P Ä I S C H E S K O M I T E E FÜ R N O R M U N G

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

Contents page

Foreword 4

Introduction 5

1 Scope 6

2 Normative references 6

3 Terms and definitions 7

4 List of significant hazards 9

5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 12

5.1 General 12

5.2 %Power driven components and the tines& 12

5.3 Guard attachment 12

5.4 Hot exhaust surfaces 13

5.4.1 General 13

5.4.2 Test equipment and method of test 13

5.4.3 Test acceptance 13

5.5 Protection from exhaust fumes 13

5.6 Pressurised components 13

5.7 Liquid spillage 14

5.8 Controls 14

5.8.1 General 14

5.8.2 Identification of controls 14

5.8.3 Operator presence control 15

5.8.4 Traction drive 15

5.9 Electrical requirements 15

5.9.1 General 15

5.9.2 Low voltage battery circuits (not including magneto grounding circuits) 15

5.9.3 Terminals and uninsulated electrical parts 16

5.10 Stopping and starting 16

5.10.1 Engine 16

5.10.2 %Aerators – Tines& 16

5.11 Braking requirements 17

5.11.1 General 17

5.11.2 Service brake 17

5.11.3 Parking brake 17

5.12 Handles 17

5.12.1 Construction 17

5.12.2 Foot probe test 18

5.13 Thrown object hazard 18

5.13.1 General 18

5.13.2 Thrown object test 18

5.13.3 Test results 19

5.13.4 Test acceptance (pass/fail criteria) 19

5.13.5 Additional testing 19

5.14 Strength of tines and tine mountings 19

5.15 General construction — Guarding and shielding 20

5.16 Noise 21

5.16.1 Noise reduction as a safety requirement 21

5.16.2 Verification of requirements on noise — Noise measurement 22

5.17 Vibration 22

5.17.1 Reduction by design and protective measures 22

5.17.2 Reduction by information 22

5.17.3 Vibration measurement 22

6 Information for use 23

6.1 Instruction for use 23

6.2 Marking 24

6.2.1 Minimum marking 24

6.2.2 Warnings 24

6.2.3 Marking durability 25

6.2.4 Test 25

Annex A (normative) %Safety signs and symbols& 34

A.1 General 34

A.2 %Safety signs and symbols& 34

Annex B (informative) Safety instructions 36

B.1 General 36

B.2 Safe operation practices 36

B.2.1 Training 36

B.2.2 Preparation 36

B.2.3 Operation 37

B.2.4 Maintenance and storage 38

Annex C (normative) Noise test code — Engineering method (grade 2) 39

C.1 Scope 39

C.2 A-weighted sound power level determination 39

C.3 A-weighted emission sound pressure level measurement 41

C.4 Requirements for test floor 41

C.4.1 Artificial surface 41

C.4.2 Natural grass 42

C.5 Installation, mounting and operating conditions 42

C.6 Measurement uncertainties and declaration of noise emission values 43

C.7 Information to be recorded and reported 43

Annex D (informative) Example of a material and construction fulfilling the requirements for an artificial surface 44

D.1 Material 44

D.2 Construction 44

Annex E (normative) Vibration 46

E.1 Quantities to be measured 46

E.2 Instrumentation 46

E.2.1 General 46

E.2.2 Fastening of transducer 46

E.2.3 Calibration 46

E.3 Measurement direction and measurement location 46

E.3.1 Measurement direction 46

E.3.2 Measurement location 47

E.4 Determination of working procedure 47

E.5 Measurement procedure 47

E.6 Determination of the measurement result 48

Annex ZA (informative) #Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC$ 49

Annex ZB (informative) #Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC$ 50

Bibliography 51

Foreword

This document (EN 13684:2004+A3:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144

“Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting national standards shall

be withdrawn at the latest by June 2010

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

This document includes Amendment 2, approved by CEN on 2009-06-06 and Amendment 3, approved by CEN on 2009-11-20

This document supersedes %EN 13684:2004+A2:2009&

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags

Annexes A, C and E are normative Annexes B and D are informative

This document includes a Bibliography

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom

Introduction

This document is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070

The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document

When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of pedestrian controlled integrally powered lawn aerators and scarifiers which are designed for re-generating lawns by, for instance, combing out grass, thatch and moss or cutting vertically into the lawn face using tines which rotate about a horizontal axis It describes methods of elimination or reduction of hazards arising from their use In addition, it specifies the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on safe working practices

Throughout this standard, the term “machine” applies to those machines known as aerators, scarifiers, corers, lawn rakes or grass rakes

This standard does not apply to aerators/scarifiers made from a machine falling within the scope of

EN 709:1997 when fitted with an aerating/scarifying implement, non-powered aerators, vertical axis aerators or those aerators which cut into the soil by means of a reciprocating motion or by water pressure The electrical aspects of mains operated machines are covered by EN 60335-1 The safety aspects of batteries other than batteries for starting the engine and the electrical safety aspects of battery powered lawn aerators and scarifiers are not covered by this standard

This standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to scarifiers and aerators, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4)

Environmental hazards and EMC have not been considered in this standard

This document is not applicable to aerators/scarifiers which are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN

2 Normative references

%The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.&

EN 294:1992, Safety of machinery — Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the

upper limbs

EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General

principles for design

EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their

components — Hydraulics

EN 1033:1995, Hand-arm vibration — Laboratory measurement of vibration at the grip surface of

hand-guided machinery — General

EN 1070, Safety of machinery — Terminology

EN 60335-1:2002, Household and similar electrical appliances — Part 1: General requirements

(IEC 60335-1:2001, modified)

EN ISO 354:2003, Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room

(ISO 354:2003)

EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound

pressure — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)

EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of

emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995)

EN ISO 11688-1:1998, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery

and equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)

EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1:

Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)

EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2:

Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)

ISO 3767-1:1998, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden

equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols

ISO 3767-3:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden

equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 3: Symbols for powered lawn and garden equipment

ISO 3767-4:1993, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden

equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 4: Symbols for forestry machinery

ISO 3864-1:2002, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles

for safety signs in workplaces and public areas

ISO 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden

equipment — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070 and the following apply

lawn aerator (also known as corer)

machine which uses the ground to determine the depth of cut, designed for penetrating the lawn surface

3.10

lawn scarifier (also known as lawn rake)

machine designed to scratch the surface, or earth face thereby also combing the lawn

3.11

maximum operating engine/motor speed

highest engine/motor speed obtainable when adjusted in accordance with the machine manufacturer's specifications and/or instructions with the tines engaged

3.12

normal operation

any use of the machine which is specified by the manufacturer and which is consistent with such activities as combing thatch, starting, stopping, fuelling, connecting to (or disconnecting from) a power source

operator presence control

control designed so that it will automatically interrupt power to a drive when the operator's actuating force is removed

tine tip circle

path described by the outermost point of the tine as it rotates about its shaft axis

tines together with any supporting part(s), which together perform the aerating or scarifying action&

4 List of significant hazards

This Clause contains for defined danger zones all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events covered by this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machines and which require specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate or to reduce the risk (see Table 1)

Its is the responsibility of the manufacturer to check whether or not the safety requirements specified

in this standard apply to each significant hazards presented by its specific machine and to validate that the risk assessment is complete with particular attention to:

 the intended use of the machine including maintenance, setting and cleaning and its reasonably foreseeable misuse;

 the identification of all significant hazards associated with the machine

Table 1 — List of significant hazards associated with scarifiers and aerators

Ref

No a

Hazard Location or event Clause/sub-clause of

this standard Hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events

1 Mechanical hazards due to:

— machine parts or work pieces, e.g.:

e) inadequacy of mechanical strength; Tine failure/strength 5.14

— accumulation of energy inside the

machinery e.g.:

g) liquids and gases under pressure; Hydraulic fluid leakage/burst 5.6, 6.1

1.2 Shearing hazard Contact with moving parts 5.2, 5.3, 5.10.2, 5.15,

6.1, 6.2 and annex A 1.3 Cutting or severing hazard Contact with moving parts 5.2, 5.3, 5.10.2, 5.15,

6.1, 6.2 and annex A 1.4 Entanglement hazard Contact with moving parts 5.2, 5.3, 5.10.2, 5.15,

6.1, 6.2 and annex A 1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard Contact with moving parts 5.2, 5.3, 5.10.2, 5.15,

6.1, 6.2 and annex A

1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection

hazard

Penetration by high pressure fluid

5.6, 6.1

2 Electrical hazards due to:

2.1 Contact of persons with live parts

2.3 Approach to live parts under high

voltage

Contact with HT ignition parts 5.9.3

2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena

such as the projection of molten

particles and chemical effects from

short circuits, overloads, etc

Protection against circuit overload

5.9.2.3

3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:

3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a

possible contact of persons with objects

or materials with an extreme high or low

temperature, by flames or explosions

and also by the radiation of heat

sources

Contact with hot parts 5.4

4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in:

4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other

physiological disorders (e.g loss of

balance, loss of awareness)

Hearing damage 5.16, 6.1, 6.2 and

annex A, annex C

5 Hazards generated by vibration

5.1 Use of hand-held machines resulting in

a variety of neurological and vascular

disorders

Vibration white finger 5.17, 6.1, annex E

(continued)

Table 1 — List of significant hazards associated with scarifiers and aerators (continued)

7 Hazards generated by materials and substances (and their constituent elements) processed

or used by the machinery

7.1 Hazards from contact with or inhalation

of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes,

8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort Position of controls 5.8.1

8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm

8.3 Neglected use of personal protection

8.7 Inadequate design, location or

identification of manual controls

Position of controls 5.8.1, 5.8.2

9 Combination of hazards

10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected over-run/over-speed (or any similar malfunction) from:

10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to

mismatch of machinery with human

characteristics and abilities, see 8.6)

Removal of guards before stopping machine

5.3

Over-speed of engine 5.8.1 Leaving unattended machine

running

5.8.3

17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids Thrown objects 5.3, 5.13

Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility

20 Relating to the travelling function

20.1 Movement when starting the engine Movement of the machine 5.8.1, 5.8.3, 5.8.4 20.2 Movement without a driver at the driving

Operator presence control — traction

5.8.3 5.8.4

20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery to be

slowed down, stopped and immobilised Stopping from travelling

Keeping stationary

5.11.1, 5.11.2 5.11.3

21 Linked to the work position (including driving station) on the machine

21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work

position:

c) fall of objects, penetration by objects

e) contact of persons with machine

parts or tools (pedestrian controlled

machines)

Thrown objects Feet in contact with tines

5.3, 5.13 5.12

(continued)

Table 1 — List of significant hazards associated with scarifiers and aerators (concluded)

21.8 Noise at the work position Hearing damage 5.16, 6.1, 6.2 and

annex A, annex C 21.9 Vibration at the work position Vibration white finger 5.17, 6.1, annex E

22 Due to the control system

22.1 Inadequate location of manual controls Position of controls 5.8.1

22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls

and their mode of operation

Reverse only with rearward movement of control

5.8.4

24 Due to the power source and to the transmission of power

24.1 Hazards from the engine and the

batteries

Harm from battery vapour 5.9.2.2

25 From/to third persons

25.2 Drift of a part away from its stopping

position

Positive stop control 5.10.1

26 Insufficient instructions for the

driver/operator Full instructions 6.1, 6.2 and annex A

a References are according to EN 1050:1996, annex A

5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures

5.1 General

The machines shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this Clause In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant but not significant, which are not dealt with by this document (e.g sharp edges on the outside

of the machine)

5.2 %Power driven components and the tines&

All power driven transmission components except the ground-contacting parts of the machine shall be guarded to prevent contact with these parts during normal operation For guarding of the tines see 5.15

Except where otherwise stated in this standard all openings and safety distances shall conform to 4.5.1 and 4.5.3 of EN 294:1992

Compliance shall be checked by inspection and measurement

5.3 Guard attachment

Guards allowing access to power driven components, other than the tines, shall be interlocked at least according to category 1 of EN 954-1, to cause the moving parts to come to rest before access can be gained While the power driven component is exposed it shall not be possible for it to be driven Other guards shall be fixed guards and shall not be detachable without the use of tools, or the construction of the machine shall be such that it cannot be used without the guard in its guarding position Guarding shall be designed to prevent hazardous thrown objects This shall be tested according to 5.13

5.4 Hot exhaust surfaces

5.4.1 General

Exposed components of the power source exhaust system having a surface temperature greater than

80 °C at (20 ± 3) °C ambient temperature shall be considered hot and shall be guarded so that they are not accessible to unintentional contact during normal use These parts, which shall also include the power source exhaust guard, are considered accessible if the area contactable by the appropriate test cone (see Figure 2) is larger than 10 cm2

It is not necessary to test the accessibility of hot parts while they are hot Allow the hot parts to cool before using the cone(s)

5.4.2 Test equipment and method of test

5.4.2.1 Temperature measuring equipment

The temperature measuring equipment for hot surfaces shall have an accuracy of ± 4 °C

For Cone A, with the axis of the cone anywhere between 0° and 180° to the horizontal and with the nose or point of the cone in a downward to horizontal direction, move the cone towards the hot surface Cone A shall not be moved in an upward direction Cone B shall be moved in any direction When moving the cone(s), determine if contact is made with the hot surface area(s) by the cone tip or conical surface of the cone

5.4.3 Test acceptance

The tip or conical surface of Cone A or Cone B shall not be able to make contact with a hot surface area greater than 10 cm2

5.5 Protection from exhaust fumes

Engine exhaust, shall not be directed towards the operator

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

5.6 Pressurised components

Hydraulic systems and their components shall comply with the relevant parts of EN 982:1996 Pressurised hoses, lines and components shall be located or shielded so that in the event of rupture the fluid cannot be discharged directly on to the operator when in the operating position

If stored energy devices are used within the machine there shall be a safe means of de-energising provided together with instructions for its correct use For hydraulic devices these shall be according

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

5.8 Controls

5.8.1 General

%Except as indicated in the following list, the following controls shall be located in such a way that they only require a range of movements within the anthropometric dimensions given for the operator zone in Figure 1:

 controls for setting the depth of penetration of the tines;

 catcher discharge arrangements;

 controls for engine starting with disengaged tines, or the tine enclosure shall, during normal

operation, prevent the operator's feet coming into contact with the tines;

 compliance shall be verified by the test of 5.10.2

The operating range of controls that do not require sustained manual actuation may be extended by allowing the operator’s trunk, when standing with both feet on the ground, to articulate within the confines of the operator zone (e.g lean forward until contacting the handle in any of the operating positions)

The control for lifting the tines off the ground for transportation reasons is regarded to be such a control

If the control for lifting the tines off the ground for transportation is foot operated it shall be ≤ 450 mm

in front of the handle measured horizontally from the rear most point of the handle If the handle is adjustable the ≤ 450 mm dimension shall apply for all positions of the handle.&

It shall not be possible to sustain an engine/motor speed greater than the maximum operating

engine/motor speed by use of any control or by simple adjustments made by using standard tools

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

5.8.2 Identification of controls

Controls, whose purpose is not obvious to the user, shall have the function, direction and/or method

of operation clearly identified by a durable label or mark

Operator control symbols shall comply with ISO 3767-1:1998, and ISO 3767-3:1995, and ISO 3864-1:2002 for signs and colours

Detailed instructions on the operation of all controls shall be provided in an instruction handbook Compliance shall be checked by inspection

5.8.3 Operator presence control

Machines shall be fitted with a device on the control handle which will automatically stop tine rotation when the operator's hands are removed from the handle This may be accomplished, for example, by stopping the drive motor or by an intermediate tine clutch/brake mechanism

For starting tine rotation the control shall require two separate and dissimilar actions If these actions are to be carried out by using the same hand then the actions shall be distinct in order to prevent accidental "switch on"

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

These electrical requirements apply only to battery starter and ignition circuits

5.9.2 Low voltage battery circuits (not including magneto grounding circuits)

5.9.2.1 Electrical cables

Electrical cables shall be protected if located in potentially abrasive contact with metal surfaces and shall be resistant to, or protected against, contact with lubricant and fuel

The wiring assembly shall, where possible, be grouped together, be supported and be located so that

no portion is in contact with the carburettor, metallic fuel lines, the exhaust system, moving parts or sharp edges Any edges of metal members likely to be in contact with the cables shall be rounded or protected to prevent damage to the cables by cutting or abrasion

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

5.9.2.2 Battery installation

The compartment for a vented storage battery shall have openings to provide ventilation and drainage When the battery is in the operating position, acid shall not leak onto parts that would be critically affected to the extent that a hazard would be created from corrosion

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

5.9.2.3 Overload protection

All circuits, except starter motor and high tension ignition circuits, shall be provided with overload protection devices in the ungrounded line near the battery terminal The overload protection may be located in either wire of a 2 wire system

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

5.9.3 Terminals and uninsulated electrical parts

Terminals and uninsulated electrical parts, and two-wire non-grounded systems shall be protected against short circuiting, for example, by the fuel can or tools, during normal re-fuelling and lubrication servicing

All high-voltage parts of the circuit including spark plug terminals shall be electrically protected in such

a manner that the operator cannot make accidental contact with them

Ignition interruption or short-circuiting shall be provided and shall be fitted on the low-voltage side Compliance shall be checked by inspection

5.10 Stopping and starting

a) it shall not be possible to raise the tines unless the tines are stopped, and it shall not be possible

to engage the drive to the tines when the machine is in the designated raised position (i.e the tines are not in contact with the ground); or

b) the tines shall stop within 3 s of the operator presence control being released; or

c) the tine enclosure shall prevent inadvertent foot contact by the operator

Compliance shall be checked for a) by inspection, for b) by measurement and for c) by the foot probe test of 5.12.2

%For the prevention of inadvertent foot contact, compliance shall be checked by applying the foot probe test of 5.12.2 under the following additional conditions:

 the probe shall be applied within 60° either side of the designated starting position of the machine; &

 the 60° angles shall have their vertices at the centre of rotation of the engine starting pulley.&

5.11 Braking requirements

5.11.1 General

A means shall be provided for stopping the machine's motion in both forward and reverse directions if

a force more than 220 N, applied at or below the centre of gravity and directly up the slope and parallel to it, is required to hold the machine on a 16,7 ° (30 %) slope The tines shall be raised to their highest position

If steering-assist brakes are also used for service brakes it shall be possible to connect them in a way that they apply both brakes with equal force

A parking brake shall be provided on machines requiring a service brake The parking brake may be

in combination with the service brake and/or make use of the tines contacting the ground A parking brake shall be able to remain applied when the operator is not present

An automatic parking brake, when provided, shall be activated when the operator presence control is released

Compliance for machines requiring additional braking means (e.g service or parking brake system), shall be tested in accordance with 5.11.2 and 5.11.3

The machine shall be equipped with the tyres offered by the manufacturer having the least tread area

in contact with the test surface

5.11.2 Service brake

Test stops shall be conducted on a substantially level (not to exceed 1 % gradient) dry, smooth, hard surface roadway of concrete (or equivalent test surface) When testing a machine with separate clutch and brake control means, the clutch shall be simultaneously disengaged with brake engagement Tests shall be carried out with the machine in both forward and reverse directions at the maximum ground speed attainable

Using the braking system provided the machine shall stop within a distance of 0,19 m for each 1 km/h

5.11.3 Parking brake

Tests shall be conducted on a 16,7° (30 %) slope with a coefficient of friction such that the machine does not slide down the slope The machine shall be positioned on the slope with its parking brake engaged and locked, transmission in neutral and the motor switched off The machine is tested both with its front downhill and its rear downhill

The machine shall not move down the slope and the force required to engage and unlock the parking brake shall not exceed 220 N

On single-axle machines the end of the handle adjacent to the operator shall be at least 600 mm horizontally behind the rear vertical tangent of the tine assembly when the grip of the handle is at a height of 900 mm above the ground (see Figure 4), or the requirements of the foot probe test below shall be fulfilled

On machines other than single-axle machines, the end of the handle adjacent to the operator shall be either at least 450 mm horizontally behind the rear vertical tangent of the tine assembly (see Figure 3),

or the requirements of the foot probe test below shall be fulfilled

For a freely pivoting handle, if a handle park position is provided, the handle shall automatically lock back into an operating position when the handle is moved into this position

For easier storage, handles may be unlatched or folded up

%Compliance shall be checked by inspection and measurement and by the following foot probe test.&

5.12.2 Foot probe test

The machine shall be placed on a hard flat surface The guards or deflectors or both shall be in the normal operating position on the tine housing and the support members (wheels) shall be in contact

with the supporting surface The test shall be conducted under static conditions

For single axle machines the test shall be made with the hand grip(s) 900 mm above the ground as shown in Figure 4 and if the tines can be adjusted they shall be tested at the highest and lowest working positions %For other machines the tests shall be made with the tines in the highest and lowest working positions.& The test fixture shall be a foot probe as specified in Figure 5 The base

of the test probe shall be held horizontally at any height and then inclined up to 15° forward or backward from the horizontal The test probe shall be applied at any point of the rear of the housing with a force of 20 N or until the housing or guard moves from its original position, whichever occurs first

The test probe shall not enter the path of the tine assembly

5.13 Thrown object hazard

The machine shall be tested on a test installation as shown in Figure 6

The drawer shall consist of a rigid waterproof material (e.g plastics) and the bottom of the inside of the drawer shall have a coarse surface to avoid movement of the sand-gravel-mixture when the drawer moves towards the machine The width of the drawer shall be at least equal to the width of cut

A uniform sand-gravel-mixture shall be made up by volume of ½ building sand and ½ smooth gravel (pebbles) of grain size between 8 mm and 16 mm The mixture shall be dampened just sufficiently to ensure that the mixture does not separate during the test It shall be kept damp during the test(s)

%A single thickness of Kraft paper 1 000 mm wide × 2 000 mm high with an areal weight of 225 g/m2shall be affixed to a frame and used as target panel for the operator area and shall be placed behind and in contact with the end of the handle (handle bar grips) and perpendicular to the base.& The lower edge of the target panel shall be at the height of the wheel's supporting surface The target panel shall be divided by a horizontal line into a lower zone which reaches up to 450 mm from the lower edge and a higher zone which is above 450 mm

5.13.2.3 Test method

The machine shall be tested in all operational configurations (e.g with and without catcher) and the tines (set to the highest speed) shall be operated at the maximum operating engine/motor speed The handle(s) of the machine shall be set such that the horizontal distance from the rear of the handle

to the tine assembly is a minimum For single axle machines the handle grip height shall be fixed at

900 mm above the ground

The sand-gravel-mixture shall be placed in the drawer and be lightly compressed and flattened to a height of (18 ± 1) mm

The wheels of the machine shall be restrained on supporting cover plates In this position the tines shall be set to penetrate the surface of the sand-gravel-mixture to a depth of 10 mm or at the next deepest setting For single axle machines the machine ground supports may be lowered to achieve (10 ± 1) mm penetration

The sand/gravel mixture in the drawer shall be moved once into the rotating tines for a distance equal

to the diameter of the tine tip circle The speed of movement of the drawer shall be (1 ± 0,5) m/s

5.13.3 Test results

Holes in the target panel shall be regarded as a hit and shall be scored A nominal 10 mm diameter steel ball (as used for ball bearings) shall be applied with a force of (3 ± 0,3) N perpendicular to the target material If it passes through the target panel a hit has occurred

5.13.4 Test acceptance (pass/fail criteria)

There shall be not more than five hits in the target panel between the lower edge of the target panel and the 450 mm line (lower zone) There shall be no hits above the 450 mm line (higher zone)

5.13.5 Additional testing

In case of a failure, two additional tests shall be conducted These additional tests shall either be carried out on the existing machine or, at the option of the manufacturer, new identical machines shall

be tested New sand-gravel-mixture shall be used for each test

If either of the additional tests are failed, the model shall have failed the test

5.14 Strength of tines and tine mountings

Tines and their mountings shall have adequate strength to withstand impact with solid objects

Compliance shall be checked by the following test Test personnel should either be kept out of the test area or otherwise protected from the hazards resulting from the following test

%The test shall be done at the maximum operating engine/motor speed, with the tine drive engaged and shall be carried out on all tine assemblies.&

The machine shall be mounted on a flat, horizontal surface The handle of the machine shall be restrained elastically Single-axle machines shall be positioned so that the handle grip is 900 mm above the level of the mounting surface

The mounting of the machine shall allow for an upward movement of the machine

%A steel plate 8 mm thick, 400 mm long and wide enough to hit all of the tines of the tine assemblies at one pass shall be mounted on the upper surface of a carriage which is located at the tine tip circle of the machine (see Figure 7) The carriage shall be placed under the machine so that the distance between the carriage and the tine tip circle is reduced to a minimum The carriage shall

be pulled centrally under the tine assembly from the front of the machine toward the rear The speed

of the pull shall be 1 m/s ± 5 %

The test is then repeated with the carriage being pulled under the tine assembly from the rear towards the front.&

%deleted text&

During the test, no complete tine or parts thereof shall break off and there shall be no visible cracks Chipping of tines or breakage of parts intended to break such as shearing pins shall not be considered a failure The tines need not be suitable for further use after the test %Ejection of small chips of machine parts not exceeding 2 g shall be ignored.&

5.15 General construction — Guarding and shielding

5.15.1 %Tines shall be guarded on both sides and from front and rear

Compliance is checked by the following test

Any catcher shall be removed

A vertical rod of 50 mm in diameter and 500 mm in length, with its lower end in contact with the ground (supporting surface) shall not come within 10 mm of any portion of the tines See also Figure 8

5.15.2Tines shall be covered at the sides with guards extending no greater than 25 mm from the ground plane as shown in Figure 9

Compliance is checked by inspection and measurement.&

5.15.3 Tines of rear discharge machines shall be covered from above with a guard that extends so

that its projection on the horizontal plane covers at least the projection of the tines on the same horizontal plane, when any catcher has been removed See Figure 10

If the tines can be powered when the catcher is not fitted to the machine there shall be provided equivalent protection to that required by 5.15.4 If the full guard less 25 mm maximum height option is chosen the requirement shall be achieved by a self-closing guard

The following test shall be carried out on the guard when the temperature of the parts to be tested has stabilised to an ambient temperature of (20 ± 3) °C After the test the guard shall not have become detached nor show any visible cracks Screws and retaining clips shall be secure and the requirements of 5.15.1, 5.15.2 and 5.15.3 shall still be met

Test: Each of three samples of the complete machine shall be subjected to an impact of (6,5 ± 0,2) J

on a part of the guard likely to be the weakest, with the machine resting on a smooth, rigid, level surface

The tests shall be so conducted that in each test the sample receives an impact in a location different from the other two tests

The impact shall be produced with a smooth solid steel sphere (as used for ball bearings) having a diameter of 50 mm If the part being tested is at an angle of up to 45° to the horizontal, the sphere shall be allowed to fall vertically from rest to strike the part Otherwise, the sphere shall be suspended

by a cord and shall be allowed to fall from rest as a pendulum to strike the part In either case, the vertical travel of the sphere shall be 1,3 m

5.15.4 %Inadvertent access by the feet during operation, to the tines of front discharge machines,

shall be prevented by one or more of the following measures:

a) the tines shall be covered from the rear with a guard whose lower edge is a maximum of 25 mm above the ground plane (see Figure 11) checked with the machine or tine assembly set to all working heights;

or

b) the construction of the machine shall not allow the foot probe to enter the path of the tine assembly, checked by the foot probe test of 5.12.2, with the machine or tine assembly set to all working heights

Compliance shall be checked by inspection and measurement and by the foot probe test of 5.12.&

5.16 Noise

5.16.1 Noise reduction as a safety requirement

5.16.1.1 Noise reduction at source by design and by protective measures

The machine shall be designed to generate a noise level as low as practicable The main sources causing noise are:

 air intake system;

 engine cooling system (applicable only for combustion engine);

 engine exhaust system (applicable only for combustion engine);

 cutting system;

 vibrating surfaces

EN ISO 11688-1:1998 gives general technical information on widely recognised technical rules and means to be followed in the design of machines with low-noise emission For combustion engine driven machines special care shall be taken in the design of exhaust system and the selection of the silencer

NOTE EN ISO 11691:1995 and EN ISO 11820:1996 can be used for the testing of the silencer

5.16.1.2 Noise reduction by information

If after taking all possible technical measures for reducing noise at the design stage a manufacturer considers that further protection of the operator is necessary, then the instruction handbook shall:

 recommend the use of low-noise operating modes, and/or limited time of operation;

 give a warning of noise level and recommend the use of ear protection

5.16.2 Verification of requirements on noise — Noise measurement

For the determination of the sound power level and of the emission sound pressure level at the

operator’s position the measurement methods given in annex C shall be used

5.17 Vibration

5.17.1 Reduction by design and protective measures

The machine shall be designed to generate a vibration level as low as practicable The main sources causing vibration are:

 oscillating forces from the engine;

 tine assembly;

 unbalanced moving parts;

 impact in gears, bearings and other mechanisms;

 interaction between operator, machine and ground being worked;

 machine design related to mobility;

 travelling surface, speed, tyre pressure

NOTE 1 CR 1030-1:1995, gives general technical information on widely recognised technical rules and means

to be followed in the design of machines for low vibration solutions

NOTE 2 Besides the vibration reduction of the source, technical measures to isolate the vibration source from the handle may be used, when appropriate, such as isolators and resonating masses

5.17.2 Reduction by information

After taking possible technical measures for vibration reduction, it is still recommended that, when appropriate, the instruction handbook shall recommend:

 the use of low-vibration operating modes, and/or limited time of operation;

 the wearing of personal protection equipment (PPE)

5.17.3 Vibration measurement

For the measurement of hand-arm and whole body vibration the methods given in annex E shall be used

6 Information for use

6.1 Instruction for use

Each machine shall be provided with instructions for use giving operating, servicing, safety and maintenance instructions that comply as appropriate with Clause 6.5 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 The instructions shall be simple and clear such that they are suitable for unskilled users

The instructions shall include:

 instructions and where appropriate, drawings, for the proper assembly and disassembly of the machine for use, if the machine is not supplied in a completely assembled form;

 Instructions and where appropriate, drawings, for the proper use of the machine including advice on what the machine is intended to be used for and how to use it for the intended purpose(s);

 instructions and where appropriate, drawings, for proper adjustment and any necessary user maintenance of the machine, including timescales and a warning of the danger of rotating tine(s); for example, "Danger — Do not touch rotating tines";

 instructions and where appropriate, drawings, for the designated operating position and the correct and safe operation of the machine such as moving, safe positioning, handling, clearing blockages and keeping the discharge chute clear of debris;

 warning that the machine is not suitable for use by children;

 instructions and where appropriate, drawings, giving detailed instructions on the operation of all controls;

 instructions for de-energising stored energy devices, such as spring-loaded mechanisms and hydraulic systems including hydraulic accumulators;

 warning that hydraulic fluid escaping under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate the skin and do serious damage and that immediate medical assistance be sought;

 for machines powered by an internal combustion engine, instructions for safe handling of fuel

 instructions and where appropriate, drawings, for the recommended replacement of, or service attention to, critical components;

 %a repeat of all information present on the machine including explanations of any safety sign or symbol, except the serial number;&

 for machines with collection facility provide instructions for when and how to attach and detach the collection device;

 for machines powered by an internal combustion engine: instructions in annex B;

 for mains-connected electrically driven machines: instructions such as those given as an example in annex B, revised as necessary to conform with EN 60335-1:2002 or other relevant CENELEC Publications (when published);

 for battery-powered machines (less than 42 V): instructions such as those given as an example in annex B, and in any relevant CENELEC Publications (when published)

The instruction handbook and the technical documentation describing the machine shall:

 give the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator position as measured according to Annex C, where this exceeds 70 dB(A); where this level does not exceed

70 dB(A), this fact shall be indicated;

 #give the sound power level emitted by the machinery as determined according to Annex C, where the A-weighted emission sound pressure level at the operator position exceeds 80 dB(A);$

 give the weighted root mean square acceleration value to which the hands are subjected as determined according to Annex E, where this exceeds 2,5 m/s2; where this level does not exceed 2,5 m/s2, this fact shall be indicated;

 give reference to the vibration test code specified in annex E

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

#NOTE Information on noise emission should also be provided in the sales literature.$

6.2 Marking

6.2.1 Minimum marking

All machines shall be marked legibly and indelibly with at least the following information:

 #the business name and full address of the manufacturer and, where applicable, his authorised representative;

 the designation of the machinery;

 the year of construction, that is the year in which the manufacturing process is completed;$

 designation of series or type;

 serial number, if any;

 nominal power in kilowatts (if over 20 kW);

 mass in kilograms (if over 25 kg)

Controls, whose purpose is not obvious to the user, shall have the function, direction and/or method

of operation clearly identified

Compliance shall be checked by inspection

Warnings shall be located in a position easily visible to the operator, indicating:

 "WARNING — Read the user instructions Keep bystanders away";

 "Sharp tines — Beware of cutting fingers or toes — Remove spark plug lead before maintenance"

And as appropriate to the machine design:

 Wear eye and/or ear protection;

%If symbols or safety signs are used they shall be those given in Annex A.&

6.2.3 Marking durability

Marking provided for identification and directional or cautionary information shall satisfy the following requirements:

 have a durable bond with the base material surface;

 be water resistant and designed to be permanently legible;

 not curl at the edges;

 legibility shall not be affected by fuel or lubricant

Compliance shall be checked by inspection and by the following test:

6.2.4 Test

Unless cast, embossed or stamped, all markings required by 6.2.1 and 6.2.2 shall be rubbed by hand for 15 s with a piece of cloth soaked in water and again for 15 s with a piece of cloth soaked in hexane The marking shall remain easily legible It shall not be easily possible to remove any label nor shall any label show any sign of curling