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Tiêu đề Characteristics of Focal Spots in Industrial X-ray Systems for Use in Non-destructive Testing
Trường học British Standards Institution
Chuyên ngành Non-destructive Testing
Thể loại British Standard
Năm xuất bản 1999
Thành phố London
Định dạng
Số trang 12
Dung lượng 248,93 KB

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12543-4:1999

The European Standard EN 12543-4:1999 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 19.100

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

Non-destructive testing Ð

Characteristics of focal

spots in industrial X-ray

systems for use in

non-destructive testing Ð

Part 4: Edge method

Trang 2

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the

direction of the Engineering

Sector Committee, was published

under the authority of the

Standards Committee and comes

into effect on 15 December 1999

BS EN 12543-4:1999

Amendments issued since publication

National foreword

This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12543-4:1999

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to:

Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;

Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;

Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary

Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued

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