#3.5 ambulance loading capacity difference between the permissible gross vehicle mass and the mass according to 92/21/EEC modified of the road ambulance including the driver taken as 7
General requirements
General
Road ambulance equipment, when used and maintained as per the manufacturer's guidelines, should not pose any foreseeable safety hazards This is in accordance with risk management procedures outlined in #EN ISO 14971:2012$, applicable to their intended use under normal and single fault conditions.
Maximum overall dimensions
The maximum overall dimensions shall be in accordance with the following:
— length in accordance with Directive 92/21/EEC modified;
— height 3 000 mm (measured at net vehicle mass excluding flexible antenna);
— width in accordance with Directive 92/21/EEC modified.
Wheel arch clearance
Vehicle converters shall maintain the minimum wheel arch clearance specified by the chassis manufacturer
Acceleration
A road ambulance loaded to permissible gross vehicle mass shall be able to accelerate from 0 km/h to
Braking
An original equipment manufacturer’s anti-lock braking system shall be fitted.
Safety system
The vehicle should be fitted with a control system for stabilisation and a passive safety system
Control systems for stabilization include electronic brake distribution and traction control, while passive safety systems encompass airbags, collapsible steering columns, and energy-absorbing body structures.
Electrical requirements
General
#Electrical installations added to the one of the base vehicle shall comply with those clauses of IEC 60364-7-721:2007 which are applicable to ambulances.$
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Communication equipment
Communication equipment (e.g radio installation) shall comply with national regulations
For the supply system of the medical equipment the EN 60601-1 and EN 60601-2 series shall apply
To ensure the safe operation of the ambulance and its equipment, it is essential that all components, equipment, and subsystems comply with industry EMC regulations This compliance minimizes risks associated with electromagnetic influences generated by the vehicle and its equipment.
NOTE An ambulance as supplied and certified may not be fully equipped and therefore some responsibility for added equipment after conversion rests with the customer/user.$
Battery and alternator
Batteries must be installed in a way that enables maintenance without the need to remove them from their securing devices Additionally, the design of the battery and its connections should effectively eliminate the risk of accidental short circuits.
For types A2, B and C road ambulances the electrical system shall be capable of holding a reserve of electrical power for restarting the engine
The characteristics of starter batteries shall comply with Table 1 The characteristics of additional batteries, if fitted, shall comply with Table 1
NOTE 1 Additional batteries may be required to power the medical devices carried on board and the intended use of the ambulance
The characteristics of the alternator shall comply with Table 1
An original equipment manufacturer’s anti-lock braking system shall be fitted
The vehicle should be fitted with a control system for stabilisation and a passive safety system
NOTE Examples of a control system for stabilisation are an electronic brake distribution system and traction control
Examples of a passive safety system could be an air bag, a collapsible steering column and an energy absorbing body structure.’
#Electrical installations added to the one of the base vehicle shall comply with those clauses of
IEC 60364-7-721:2007 which are applicable to ambulances.$
4.3.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Communication equipment
Communication equipment (e.g radio installation) shall comply with national regulations
For the supply system of the medical equipment the EN 60601-1 and EN 60601-2 series shall apply
To ensure the safe operation of the ambulance and its equipment, it is essential that all components, equipment, and subsystems comply with industry EMC regulations This compliance minimizes risks associated with electromagnetic influences generated by the vehicle and its equipment.
NOTE An ambulance as supplied and certified may not be fully equipped and therefore some responsibility for added equipment after conversion rests with the customer/user.$
Batteries must be installed in a way that enables maintenance without the need to remove them from their securing devices Additionally, the design of the battery and its connections should effectively eliminate the risk of accidental short circuits.
For types A2, B and C road ambulances the electrical system shall be capable of holding a reserve of electrical power for restarting the engine
The characteristics of starter batteries shall comply with Table 1 The characteristics of additional batteries, if fitted, shall comply with Table 1
NOTE 1 Additional batteries may be required to power the medical devices carried on board and the intended use of the ambulance
The characteristics of the alternator shall comply with Table 1
4 seats and 80 Ah more than 4 seats in the compartment
Alternator power 700 W 700 W 1 200 W 1 200 W a Recommended for special operational conditions b Additional batteries shall have high cyclic stability (e.g gel batteries) and of a sealed type.
NOTE 2 When the engine is idling electrical stability should be maintained between electrical load and alternator output In order to achieve this it may be necessary to fit an electrical load #prioritization$ device to the vehicle.
Electrical installation
4.3.4.1 In type B and C road ambulances there shall be a recessed externally mounted power connector to enable external power to be provided for operations such as the following:
— operating medical devices, when installed;
— operating a patient compartment heater, when installed;
— operating an engine preheater, when installed
The connector for 110 V or 220/240 V, shall be a male connector and not interfere with the electrical and mechanical safety
It shall be not possible to start the engine whilst it is connected to an external #deleted text$ power supply unless an automatic mechanical disconnection is fitted
If no automatic mechanical disconnection is fitted, the connector shall be on the driver’s side
To ensure safety, a 110 V or 220/240 V circuit must be safeguarded by either an "earth leakage device" with a maximum setting of 30 mA or a separate transformer If protection relies solely on the "earth leakage device," a label stating "CAUTION! CONNECT ONLY TO AN AUTHORISED SOCKET" must be placed near the plug.
4.3.4.2 The patient’s compartment shall be fitted with the minimum number of connections as given in Table 2 For these connections a permanent power supply shall exist
Table 2 — 12 V connections for medical devices in patient’s compartment
4.3.4.3 Any additional electrical systems fitted to the base vehicle shall be separate from the base vehicle electrical system and the body or chassis shall not be used as an earth return for additional circuits
All circuits in the additional systems must include distinct overload protection Additionally, each circuit should be clearly defined, with cables marked at connection points and at intervals no greater than 1 meter along their length.
#The system shall have enough circuits and be so constructed that when/if a circuit fails some illumination and some power supply sources for medical technical equipment still work.$
4.3.4.4 The wiring and, where applicable conduits, shall withstand vibrations No wiring shall be located in or pass through conduit intended for medical gas installation The wiring shall not be loaded higher than that stated by the wire manufacture
4.3.4.5 Where there are different voltage systems, the connections shall be non-interchangeable
Visual and audible warning system
The vehicle shall be fitted with a visual warning and audible warning system to assist emergency passage These systems shall comply with national regulations where they exist
NOTE The visual and audible warning system is optional for type A ambulances according to national regulations.$
Vehicle body
Fire safety
#The interior materials shall conform to the specification of EN 13501-1:2007+A1:2009.$
Driver's seat configuration
The ergonomic design of the driver's compartment and seat adjustment in all types of road ambulances, as approved by the manufacturer, must be maintained without reduction.
Minimum loading capacity
The minimum loading capacity shall be in accordance with Table 3
3) Overload protection may consist of either fuses or so called Electronic Management Control systems
Table 2 — 12 V connections for medical devices in patient’s compartment
4.3.4.3 Any additional electrical systems fitted to the base vehicle shall be separate from the base vehicle electrical system and the body or chassis shall not be used as an earth return for additional circuits
All circuits in the additional systems must include distinct overload protection Additionally, all circuits should be clearly defined, with cables marked at connection points and at intervals no greater than 1 meter along their length.
#The system shall have enough circuits and be so constructed that when/if a circuit fails some illumination and some power supply sources for medical technical equipment still work.$
4.3.4.4 The wiring and, where applicable conduits, shall withstand vibrations No wiring shall be located in or pass through conduit intended for medical gas installation The wiring shall not be loaded higher than that stated by the wire manufacture
4.3.4.5 Where there are different voltage systems, the connections shall be non-interchangeable
4.3.5 Visual and audible warning system
The vehicle shall be fitted with a visual warning and audible warning system to assist emergency passage
These systems shall comply with national regulations where they exist
NOTE The visual and audible warning system is optional for type A ambulances according to national regulations.$
#The interior materials shall conform to the specification of EN 13501-1:2007+A1:2009.$
The ergonomic design of the driver's compartment and seat adjustment in all types of road ambulances, as approved by the manufacturer, must be maintained without reduction.
The minimum loading capacity shall be in accordance with Table 3
3) Overload protection may consist of either fuses or so called Electronic Management Control systems
Table 3 — Minimum loading capacity (persons)
Number of seats and/or stretcher facilities (in addition to the drivers seat) 3 4 3 4
#If needed, a notice shall be displayed in the drivers' compartment stating the maximum number of seated, wheelchair and stretcher patients and cab occupants that can be carried
EXAMPLE 1 DRIVER COMPARTMENT: driver and no cab passenger with the following patient's compartment occupants PATIENT COMPARTMENT:
— 3 seated persons and 1 stretcher person;
— or 4 seated persons and no stretcher;
— or 2 seated persons and 2 wheelchair occupants
EXAMPLE 2 DRIVER COMPARTMENT: driver and one cab passenger with the following patient's compartment occupants PATIENT COMPARTMENT:
— 2 seated persons and 1 stretcher person;
— or 2 seated persons and 1 wheelchair
The notice shall be supplied by the ambulance builder taking account of the maximum weight capacity of the vehicle.$
Bulkhead
A full bulkhead or a bulkhead with a door must separate the driver's compartment from the patient's compartment in a road ambulance If a door is present, it must be designed so that the vehicle cannot be driven while the door is open, and it should be secured to prevent opening during motion.
Windows must be installed in the bulkhead with a minimum separation of 100 mm, allowing direct visual contact with the driver Each window's opening area should not exceed 0.12 m² and must be secured to prevent self-opening Additionally, an adjustable blind or similar mechanism should be provided to shield the driver from light disturbances coming from the patient’s compartment.
Openings (doors, windows, emergency exits)
There shall be a minimum of two openings – one at the rear (door/tailgate) and one at the side (door/window) of the patient’s compartment
All openings shall have seals to protect against the ingress of water
All openings shall comply with the minimum dimensions set out in Table 4
Table 4 — Minimum opening dimensions in the #patient's$ compartment
Conversions with a corner radius that reduce the opening area by less than 10% are allowed The original manufacturer's dimensions must remain unchanged For windows, the height and width dimensions can be swapped.
See EN 1865 for stretcher dimensions which should be taken into account
#NOTE The side and/or rear doors can be used as emergency exit.$
All external doors providing direct access to the patient compartment must be equipped with a security system that allows for the following functionalities: a) the ability to lock and unlock the door from the inside without a key; b) the capability to lock and unlock the door from the outside using a key; and c) the option to unlock the door from the outside with a key even when it is locked from the inside.
NOTE This security system may be integrated with an optional central locking system
The patient’s compartment doors shall be capable of being positively restrained in the open position
5) The key can be a mechanical or non-mechanical device
6) #The key can be a mechanical or non-mechanical device.$
4.4.5 Openings (doors, windows, emergency exits)
There shall be a minimum of two openings – one at the rear (door/tailgate) and one at the side (door/window) of the patient’s compartment
All openings shall have seals to protect against the ingress of water
All openings shall comply with the minimum dimensions set out in Table 4
Table 4 — Minimum opening dimensions in the #patient's$ compartment
Conversions with a corner radius that reduce the opening area by less than 10% are allowed The original manufacturer's dimensions must remain unchanged For windows, the height and width dimensions can be swapped.
See EN 1865 for stretcher dimensions which should be taken into account
#NOTE The side and/or rear doors can be used as emergency exit.$
Each external door providing direct access to the patient’s compartment must be equipped with a security system that allows for the following functionalities: a) the ability to lock and unlock from the inside without a key; b) the capability to lock and unlock from the outside using a key; and c) the option to unlock from the outside with a key even when the door is locked from the inside.
NOTE This security system may be integrated with an optional central locking system
The patient’s compartment doors shall be capable of being positively restrained in the open position
5) The key can be a mechanical or non-mechanical device
6) #The key can be a mechanical or non-mechanical device.$
An audible or visual alert will notify the driver if any external door, including those without direct access to the patient's compartment, is not fully closed while the vehicle is in motion.
In the patient’s compartment, there shall be a minimum of two external windows There shall be one on each side or one on one side and the rear
The windows shall be positioned or #designed$ to ensure patient’s privacy when required #deleted text$
Loading area
The loading area dimensions shall be in accordance with Table 5
#Tailgate height (in the open H 2 minimum position)
When manually loading or unloading a patient on a stretcher, the center of the stretcher handles must not exceed 825 mm above ground level Additionally, the maximum height of the floor or loading holding assembly should not surpass 750 mm when considering the net vehicle mass and loose equipment It is also important to maintain a low loading angle for safety and ease of use.
Ramps or lifts installed between ground level and vehicle floor level must feature an anti-slip surface and support a load capacity of 350 kg Additionally, in case of a power failure, the loading device should be operable manually.
Patient’s compartment
General
The patient’s compartment shall be designed and constructed to accommodate the medical devices listed in Tables 9 to 19 in accordance with the vehicle type
The ceiling, the interior side walls and the doors of the patient’s compartment shall be lined with a material that is non-permeable and resistant to disinfectant
Surfaces must be designed and sealed to prevent fluid infiltration If the floor layout does not facilitate proper drainage, it is essential to install one or more drains equipped with plugs.
Exposed edges that may contact an occupant's body during normal use must have a minimum radius of curvature of 2.5 mm, unless the projections are less than 3.2 mm from the panel In such cases, the minimum radius requirement does not apply if the projection's height is no more than half its width and the edges are blunted.
All installations in the patient compartment above 700 mm must feature rounded edges without any sharp exposed edges A sharp exposed edge is characterized as an edge of a rigid material with a radius of curvature less than 2.5 mm.
Edges accessible through the apparatus and procedure outlined in section 5.4 must have a radius of curvature of at least 2.5 mm or be constructed from a non-rigid material However, medical equipment and their support devices, such as stretchers, platforms, and suction units, are not included in this requirement.
Drawers must be secured to prevent self-opening, and lockers with upward-opening doors should have a reliable hold-open mechanism Additionally, Type B and C road ambulances are required to have a lockable drugs compartment equipped with a security lock.
Floor coverings shall be chosen that will provide adequate grip for the attendant including when wet and should be durable and easy to clean
Type B and C road ambulances shall be fitted with a hand-holding device positioned above the stretcher For type C the hand-holding device shall be positioned along the longitudinal axis
Figure 1 — Tailgate height (in the open position) 4.5 Patient’s compartment
The patient’s compartment shall be designed and constructed to accommodate the medical devices listed in
Tables 9 to 19 in accordance with the vehicle type
The ceiling, the interior side walls and the doors of the patient’s compartment shall be lined with a material that is non-permeable and resistant to disinfectant
Surfaces must be designed and sealed to prevent fluid infiltration If the floor layout does not facilitate proper drainage, it is essential to install one or more drains equipped with plugs.
Exposed edges that may contact an occupant's body during normal use must have a minimum radius of curvature of 2.5 mm, except for projections less than 3.2 mm from the panel In such cases, the minimum radius requirement does not apply if the projection's height is no more than half its width and its edges are blunted.
All installations in the patient compartment above 700 mm must feature rounded edges without any sharp exposed edges A sharp exposed edge is characterized as an edge of a rigid material with a radius of curvature less than 2.5 mm.
Edges accessible with the specified apparatus and procedure in section 5.4 must have a radius of curvature of at least 2.5 mm or be constructed from a non-rigid material However, medical equipment and their support devices, such as stretchers, platforms, and suction units, are not included in this requirement.
Drawers must be secured to prevent self-opening, and lockers with upward-opening doors should have a reliable hold-open mechanism Additionally, Type B and C road ambulances are required to have a lockable drugs compartment equipped with a security lock.
Floor coverings shall be chosen that will provide adequate grip for the attendant including when wet and should be durable and easy to clean
Type B and C road ambulances shall be fitted with a hand-holding device positioned above the stretcher For type C the hand-holding device shall be positioned along the longitudinal axis
If the patient’s compartment is to be equipped with a non-foldable sedan chair as defined in
#EN 1865-4:2012$, space shall be provided with a width of at least 600 mm measured at elbow height and a ceiling height above the seat squab of at least 920 mm (see Table 7, footnote a)
Vehicle maintenance equipment (e.g spare wheel and tools) shall not be accessible from within the patient’s compartment.
Patient’s compartment dimensions
The dimensions relate to the patient's compartment with lining To achieve only structural solidity a reduction of the dimensions of up to 5 % is acceptable in limited areas; door openings excluded
4.5.2.2 Patient’s compartment dimensions for type A 1, A 2 and B road ambulances
The patient’s compartment shall comply with the minimum dimensions set out in Figures 2 to 4 (without cupboards, seats, medical devices and equipment)
W = width measured from RH-side to LH-side, except the roof curvature;
L = length measured from rear to bulkhead at height of stretcher;
H = height, measured from floor to roof;
The height of the stretcher holding assembly to the roof, denoted as \(X\), is measured at the midpoint of the stretcher's longitudinal axis Additionally, \(h_1\) represents the height from the center of the seat to the roof, while \(h_2\) indicates the height from the center of the seat to the floor covering.
#NOTE Full line equals interior wall and ceiling of the patient's compartment.$
Figure 2 — Patient's compartment dimensions for type A 1 (schematic)
The dimensions for Type A2 vehicles designed to accommodate more than four seats in the patient compartment are specified as follows: the length (L) is 3,100 mm, and the width (W) is 1,500 mm Additionally, the sides must feature a radius not exceeding 250 mm, with heights ranging from 1,500 mm to 1,750 mm, and the overall height (H) is set at 1,750 mm.
Figure 3 — Patient's compartment dimensions for type A 2 (schematic)
Dimensions in millimetres a Dimensions for Type A2 with more than four seats in the patient’s compartment The length (L) shall be 3 100 mm, width
(W) 1 500 mm From a heights of 1 500 mm to 1 750 mm the sides shall have a radius no greater than 250 mm The height (H) shall be 1 750 mm
Figure 3 — Patient's compartment dimensions for type A 2 (schematic)
To ensure effective emergency treatment, a minimum space of 500 mm must be maintained between the bulkhead lining and the head-end of the stretcher frame or platform, measured at the mid-axis and the height of the stretcher Additionally, a minimum height of 1,600 mm is required.
A minimum height of 1 600 mm shall be provided
A flat, horizontal surface measuring at least 400 mm in length must be positioned alongside the head-end of the stretcher frame, with a minimum height requirement of 1,300 mm.
Figure 4 — Patient's compartment dimensions for type B (schematic)
4.5.2.3 Patient’s compartment and treatment area dimensions for type C
Type C road ambulances must have a spacious patient compartment that accommodates the treatment area, adhering to the dimensions specified in Figure 5 Any protrusions within this area should be designed to fold away, ensuring compliance with the minimum size requirements Additionally, a seat in its stored position, along with the medical technical equipment operated from it, may extend into the treatment area.
— in this case the maximum intrusion shall be 125 mm at the head end of the stretcher
— or 125 mm on one side or a sum of 125 mm on both sides
Verification of conformity of dimension of the treatment area shall be made when the stretcher is placed in the mean position of the treatment area
#h = A working height of the stretcher surface (excluding mattress and included a support platform where fitted) between 400 mm (minimum) and 650 mm (maximum) shall be ensured.$
R = 500 mm (maximum), where R is the radius
#NOTE Full line represents the ergonomic space.$
4.5.2.3 Patient’s compartment and treatment area dimensions for type C
Type C road ambulances must have a spacious patient compartment that accommodates the treatment area, adhering to the dimensions specified in Figure 5 Any protrusions into this area should be designed to fold away, ensuring compliance with the minimum size requirements Additionally, a seat in its stored position, along with the medical technical equipment operated from it, may extend into the treatment area.
— in this case the maximum intrusion shall be 125 mm at the head end of the stretcher
— or 125 mm on one side or a sum of 125 mm on both sides
Verification of conformity of dimension of the treatment area shall be made when the stretcher is placed in the mean position of the treatment area
#h = A working height of the stretcher surface (excluding mattress and included a support platform where fitted) between 400 mm (minimum) and 650 mm (maximum) shall be ensured.$
R = 500 mm (maximum), where R is the radius
#NOTE Full line represents the ergonomic space.$
7) Also called “ergonomic space” a Reduced (25 mm maximum) in the roof area over the stretcher b Where the height of the wheel arch exceeds 400 mm, the clearance width between the wheel arches above 400 mm shall not be less than 1 250 mm.
Patient and attendant seating
The minimum number of patient and attendant seats shall be as given in Table 6
Table 6 — Number of patient and attendant seats
Position(s) on one side of the stretcher 1 1 – – on one side of the stretcher upper
Position(s) at head or side of #the$ stretcher – 1 a 1 1 a Only when fewer than four seats
The seats shall comply with the minimum dimensions set out in Table 7
Table 7 — Minimum dimensions for seating
Thickness of upholstery 50 50 50 a Measured vertically above and in the middle of the 75 kg loaded seat
NOTE Where possible the seat height should be adjustable
Seats fitted in accordance with Tables 6 and 7 shall be installed in either forward or rear-facing positions
#deleted text$ Backrests shall be constructed to a minimum dimension of 300 mm × 100 mm, the upholstery of which shall be a minimum thickness of 20 mm
#All seats shall be equipped with head rests.$
Ventilation and anaesthetic gas scavenging systems
There shall be a ventilation system which shall provide a minimum of 20 air changes per hour when the vehicle is stationary
Table 6 — Number of patient and attendant seats
Position(s) on one side of the stretcher 1 1 – – on one side of the stretcher upper
Position(s) at head or side of #the$ stretcher – 1 a 1 1 a Only when fewer than four seats
The seats shall comply with the minimum dimensions set out in Table 7
Table 7 — Minimum dimensions for seating
Thickness of upholstery 50 50 50 a Measured vertically above and in the middle of the 75 kg loaded seat
NOTE Where possible the seat height should be adjustable
Seats fitted in accordance with Tables 6 and 7 shall be installed in either forward or rear-facing positions
#deleted text$ Backrests shall be constructed to a minimum dimension of 300 mm × 100 mm, the upholstery of which shall be a minimum thickness of 20 mm
#All seats shall be equipped with head rests.$
4.5.4 Ventilation and anaesthetic gas scavenging systems
There shall be a ventilation system which shall provide a minimum of 20 air changes per hour when the vehicle is stationary
4.5.4.2 Anaesthetic gas scavenging system (AGSS)
Ambulances designed for use with delivery systems for anesthetic gases, such as N2O or anesthetic agent vapor, must be equipped with an Anesthetic Gas Scavenging System (AGSS) to ensure that air contamination levels remain within the maximum permissible limits set by national or regional regulations.
NOTE Examples of an AGSS system can be found in EN 737-1 and EN ISO 7396-2.
Temperature system
In addition to the heating of the driver’s compartment there shall be an independent adjustable system as follows:
— heating for type A and B road ambulance;
— fresh air heating for type C road ambulances
The system is designed to ensure that when the outside temperature is –10 °C, or as low as –20 °C in extremely cold areas, the heating process will raise the temperature to at least 5 °C within 15 minutes Furthermore, after 30 minutes, the temperature in the patient’s compartment should reach a minimum of 22 °C Temperature measurements will be taken at the center of the stretcher(s) and at the midpoint from the heater outlets, if multiple outlets are present.
The heating shall be controlled by an adjustable thermostat or by an electronic climate control system The actual temperature shall not vary from the set temperature by more than 5 °C
The heating system must effectively meet performance standards while the ventilation system is turned off, utilizing a re-circulation mode to maintain air quality within the patient compartment.
The installation of the system shall not encourage exhaust gases entering the patient’s compartment
A cooling system is optional Where a cooling system is fitted the following requirements are recommended
The cooling system must ensure that the temperature in the patient's compartment is reduced from 32 °C to a maximum of 27 °C within 15 minutes Additionally, after 30 minutes, the temperature should reach no more than 25 °C Temperature measurements should be taken at the center of the stretcher(s) and at the midpoint from the cooling outlets, if multiple outlets are present.
The installation of the system shall not encourage exhaust gases entering the patient’s compartment.
Interior lighting
Natural colour balance lighting shall be provided as set out in Table 8
The color temperature of lighting significantly affects the appearance of skin and organs, making it crucial to ensure appropriate interior lighting for patient care during transport While it may not be essential to precisely define "daylight" or "natural color balance" for ambulance use, understanding color temperature is vital Typically, examination lights in hospitals range from 3,800 to 4,300 degrees Kelvin.
In type C treatment areas, an additional light must provide a minimum illumination of 1,650 lux, measured at the stretcher surface in its lowest position The measurement should be taken at a specified minimum distance.
750 mm below the light and in an area with a minimum diameter of 200 mm
Surrounding area minimum: 30 30 50 50 a Additionally there shall be a facility for switching the lighting level down to 150 0 + 50 lx
Light levels will be assessed along the central longitudinal axis of the stretcher at the head, mid-point, and foot positions while the stretcher is in its standard transportation position within the ambulance.
Interior noise level
The interior noise level across the vehicle speed range shall be such that when tested in accordance with
#5.2$ it shall not exceed the maximum graphical line resulting from coordinates 70 dB(A) at 60 km/h or
The permissible sound pressure level for vehicles is set at 78 dB(A) at 120 km/h, which corresponds to 40% of the maximum speed, or 60% of the maximum speed, whichever is lower Additionally, a deviation of up to 3 dB(A) from the measured sound pressure level is allowed across all vehicle types.
Noise measurements shall be made using the most appropriate gear for the speed being examined as determine by the base vehicle manufacturer.
Holding system for infusion
A holding system must be designed to support two vertically fixed infusions, maximizing the height above the stretcher holding assembly It should allow for positioning the infusions at either end of the assembly The infusion mount must have a minimum capacity of 5 kg and be capable of independently holding two fluid bags.
Mounting systems
Permanent seats and their anchorages in the patient compartment of ambulances must adhere to the modified requirements of Directive 74/408/EEC Additionally, the seat belt anchorages must comply with Directive 76/115/EEC, while the seat belts themselves should meet the standards set by Directive 77/541/EEC Furthermore, forward-facing seats are required to be equipped with three-point seat belts of the Ar4m type.
All individuals and items, including medical devices and equipment, in a road ambulance must be securely restrained, installed, or stowed to prevent them from becoming projectiles during accelerations or decelerations of 10 g in any direction—forward, rearward, sideways, or vertically.
When subjected to these accelerations/decelerations, the distance travelled by a person or item shall not endanger the safety of persons on the road ambulance
After being subjected to these accelerations/decelerations: a) no items shall have sharp edges or endanger the safety of persons in the road ambulance;
Surrounding area minimum: 30 30 50 50 a Additionally there shall be a facility for switching the lighting level down to 150 0 + 50 lx
Light levels will be assessed along the central longitudinal axis of the stretcher at the head, mid-point, and foot positions while the stretcher is in its standard transportation position within the ambulance.
The interior noise level across the vehicle speed range shall be such that when tested in accordance with
#5.2$ it shall not exceed the maximum graphical line resulting from coordinates 70 dB(A) at 60 km/h or
The permissible sound pressure level for vehicles is set at 78 dB(A) at 120 km/h or 60% of the maximum speed, whichever is lower Additionally, a deviation of up to 3 dB(A) from the measured sound pressure level is allowed across all vehicle types.
Noise measurements shall be made using the most appropriate gear for the speed being examined as determine by the base vehicle manufacturer
A robust holding system will be implemented to securely support two vertically fixed infusions, maximizing the height above the stretcher holding assembly This system will allow for flexible positioning of the infusions at either end of the stretcher Additionally, the infusion mounts will have a minimum capacity of 5 kg, enabling them to independently hold two fluid bags.
Permanent seats and their anchorages in the patient compartment of ambulances must adhere to the standards set by Directive 74/408/EEC, as amended Additionally, the seat belt anchorages for these seats must also meet the requirements outlined in the same directive.
76/115/EEC modified The seat belts shall comply with the requirements of Directive 77/541/EEC modified
The forward facing seats shall be fitted with three-point seat belts of the type Ar4m
All individuals and items, including medical devices and equipment, in a road ambulance must be securely restrained, installed, or stowed to prevent them from becoming projectiles during accelerations or decelerations of 10 g in any direction—forward, rearward, sideways, or vertically.
When subjected to these accelerations/decelerations, the distance travelled by a person or item shall not endanger the safety of persons on the road ambulance
After undergoing specified accelerations and decelerations, it is essential that all items within the road ambulance are free of sharp edges and do not pose a safety risk to individuals Additionally, the maximum allowable movement for the stretcher and any attached items should not exceed 150 mm, although the patient's displacement during testing may be greater.
150 mm; c) it shall be possible to release all persons in the road ambulance without the use of equipment not carried on the road ambulance
The requirement c) is deemed satisfied if at least one external access door or an emergency exit of the patient's compartment can be opened following the testing outlined in section 6.4.1.
All tested lockers, rails and non-dedicated storage locations or storage devices shall be labelled to show the total maximum permissible weight allowed
Mass reserve
The minimum mass reserve required for the listed sanitary, medical and technical devices in Tables 9 to 19 shall be as follows:
General
During testing, all vehicles intended for stretcher transport must comply with sections 5.2 and 5.3 Each stretcher should be loaded according to the specified standards and tested in its normal operational position.
The general tolerances used are those for the automotive regulation
NOTE Surrogate stretcher(s) can be used.$
Testing of the interior noise level
Measurements
The vehicle's noise level at various speeds is assessed by estimating the interior noise for five specific speeds: one at each extreme and three evenly spaced between them.
For each speed, two measurements are carried out
For a given speed, the test result is the average of these two measurements
EXAMPLE An example of measurements according to ISO 5128:1980 is given in Figure 6
— contrary to the minimum tyre wear of 300 km specified in ISO 5128:1980, 8.1, new tyres without wear may be used;
— apart from the requirements in ISO 5128:1980, 8.3, the stretcher trays shall be in the normal position according to the manufacturer’s recommendations;
— the measurement shall be made at a constant speed in accordance with ISO 5128:1980, 8.4.1 b);
— the measurements in accordance with ISO 5128:1980, 8.4.2 and 8.4.3, are not necessary;
Measurements must be conducted exclusively within the patient's compartment and are mandatory for all seats, including the lying/carrying chair, as specified in ISO 5128:1980, section 9.1 These measurements should be taken only in the longitudinal median plane of the seat Additionally, all stretchers must also be measured in accordance with ISO 5128:1980, section 9.3.
— determination of octave and terz spectrums, according to ISO 5128:1980, 10.6, is not necessary;
— during the measurements, the audible warning and communication system shall be switched off
#NOTE 2 Values are Leq (average).$
The vehicle's noise level at various speeds is assessed by estimating the interior noise for five specific speeds: one at each extreme and three evenly spaced between them.
For each speed, two measurements are carried out
For a given speed, the test result is the average of these two measurements
EXAMPLE An example of measurements according to ISO 5128:1980 is given in Figure 6
Y noise level in dB (A) measurement test result (average of 2 measurements)
Establishment of compliance
The regression line is drawn from the five test results
Each point of this regression line is the interior noise level for the considered speed
The interior noise level must not exceed 70 dB(A) at 60 km/h or 40% of the maximum speed, and 78 dB(A) at 120 km/h or 60% of the maximum speed, based on the lowest speed.
Test results shall not differ by more than +3 dB(A) of this limit line
EXAMPLE An example is given in Figure 7
The Y noise level in dB (A) establishes the threshold for acceptable interior noise levels, as indicated by the regression line derived from test results This limit is crucial for assessing the measured pressure levels, which are also based on the outcomes of the conducted tests.
Testing of the acceleration
The road surface of the test track shall be dry, level to within a longitudinal slope of 1 % and the wind velocity shall be a maximum 3 m/s
The acceleration time shall be measured twice in each direction and the test runs completed in close succession The result shall be the mean of the four readings.
Testing of maintain systems and fixations of the equipment in the patient’s compartment
General
To verify the requirements of 4.5.9 (strength of mounting system in the patient's compartment) on a new vehicle, a dynamic test under 5 axis, ± x'x, ± y'y and for + z'z axis shall be performed (see Figure 8)
Testing on each direction using a fresh sample is allowed upon the manufacturer's request, with each direction considered an independent test.
NOTE 1 Test configuration is defined on the principle of the worst case criteria to limit the number of tests
The Y noise level in dB (A) establishes the limit for interior noise levels, which is represented by the regression line of the test results Additionally, it defines the limit for the measured pressure level, corresponding to the test results obtained.
The road surface of the test track shall be dry, level to within a longitudinal slope of 1 % and the wind velocity shall be a maximum 3 m/s
The acceleration time shall be measured twice in each direction and the test runs completed in close succession The result shall be the mean of the four readings
5.4 Testing of maintain systems and fixations of the equipment in the patient’s compartment
To verify the requirements of 4.5.9 (strength of mounting system in the patient's compartment) on a new vehicle, a dynamic test under 5 axis, ± x'x, ± y'y and for + z'z axis shall be performed (see Figure 8)
It is permissible to perform the test on each direction on a fresh sample at the request of the manufacturer
Each direction in the test is an independent test Use of fresh sample body is therefore allowed
NOTE 1 Test configuration is defined on the principle of the worst case criteria to limit the number of tests
NOTE 2 Bodies in white or chassis cab in white plus box bodies can be used for test purposes
Figure 8 — Test directions for dynamic test
The maximum test mass for which the devices are qualified, shall be indicated by a label
The vehicle securing method during testing must not reinforce the body or the patient compartment's arrangement, nor should it reduce the structure's normal deformation.
Securing of the vehicle or body shell:
Only sub frames under the original van shell or chassis longitudinal box sections are permitted as reinforcements to secure the body to the test facility For box bodies, a sub frame that represents the chassis can be utilized alongside the original attachment points designated for fixing to the vehicle chassis.
Figure 9 — Supporting point for Z’Z axis
NOTE 3 A supporting point (not a fixation) for Z’Z axis can be used as shown on Figure 9
In the case of a fully independent box body, it is possible to test it alone
Types of ambulance vehicles are defined in Annex C
To check 4.5.9 on a new vehicle, a dynamic test in the 5 directions shall be carried out
Dynamic test is the reference method
Manufacturer should present to TS documentation of the fixation and mounting manufacture approach prior to tests
For modifications made to an already tested and approved ambulance body, either a dynamic test, a static test of the modified components, or a computer simulation may be required based on the type of change The chosen method must be approved by the relevant authority.
Documentation of all modifications will be added to the original tests documentation
To verify the requirement of 4.5.9 c), the TS will verify that at least one patient's compartment door or an emergency exit can be used after the test without using tools
The test report must specify the maximum approved load for racks, rails, and non-dedicated storage devices It is the ambulance builder's responsibility to affix labels on these storage items indicating the maximum permitted load for production vehicles The test report will also confirm that the labels are consistent with validated results.
Acceptance criteria for 4.5.9: the test mass shall remain fixed to the attachment point Cracks and tears of metal sheet are acceptable
The displacement shall be checked during the test to verify criteria 4.5.9 b).
Testing of the stretcher fixations on the vehicle floor
For all types, the test shall be performed with a stretcher support or floor mounted locks and an equivalent mass simulating the stretcher and the dummy whose characteristics are:
— stretcher and dummy test mass: 126 kg according to EN 1865-5:2012;
— table stretcher support as defined by the ambulance manufacturer, with maximum weight and height of the centre of gravity defined by the ambulance manufacturer
Manufacture shall present to the TS documentation of the fixation and mounting manufacture approach prior to tests
Figure 9 — Supporting point for Z’Z axis
NOTE 3 A supporting point (not a fixation) for Z’Z axis can be used as shown on Figure 9
In the case of a fully independent box body, it is possible to test it alone
Types of ambulance vehicles are defined in Annex C
To check 4.5.9 on a new vehicle, a dynamic test in the 5 directions shall be carried out
Dynamic test is the reference method
Manufacturer should present to TS documentation of the fixation and mounting manufacture approach prior to tests
For modifications made to an already tested and approved ambulance body, either a dynamic test, a static test of the altered components, or a computer simulation may be required based on the specific changes The chosen method must be approved by the relevant authority.
Documentation of all modifications will be added to the original tests documentation
To verify the requirement of 4.5.9 c), the TS will verify that at least one patient's compartment door or an emergency exit can be used after the test without using tools
The test report must specify the maximum approved load for racks, rails, and non-dedicated storage devices It is the ambulance builder's responsibility to affix labels to these storage items indicating the maximum permitted load for production vehicles The test report will also confirm that the labels are provided in accordance with validated results.
Acceptance criteria for 4.5.9: the test mass shall remain fixed to the attachment point Cracks and tears of metal sheet are acceptable
The displacement shall be checked during the test to verify criteria 4.5.9 b)
5.4.2 Testing of the stretcher fixations on the vehicle floor
For all types, the test shall be performed with a stretcher support or floor mounted locks and an equivalent mass simulating the stretcher and the dummy whose characteristics are:
— stretcher and dummy test mass: 126 kg according to EN 1865-5:2012;
— table stretcher support as defined by the ambulance manufacturer, with maximum weight and height of the centre of gravity defined by the ambulance manufacturer
Manufacture shall present to the TS documentation of the fixation and mounting manufacture approach prior to tests
In addition, the stretcher support fixed in the ambulance shall comply to EN 1865-5:2012 of the interface (stretcher support)
The stretcher fixing device on the interface or on the floor should be validated by an appropriate test.
Testing of the medical devices fixations
The ambulance manufacturer specifies the type of fixation for medical equipment, including the allowable weight and the placement of fixing points, while also offering recommendations for users.
Fixing points are tested with a test mass corresponding to the permissible load declared by the manufacturer of the ambulance for each point.
Testing of furniture
For the same vehicle type or a specific box body, the patient's compartment furniture shall be validated utilising the worst case condition agreed with the TS
The test is carried out according to 5.4.5.
Test procedure
For testing, a surrogate stretcher should be securely attached to its locking devices, mirroring the original product's setup Additionally, surrogate masses that represent medical devices may be utilized in accordance with the technical specifications.
Verification of conformity to 4.5.9 shall be made when the stretcher(s)/medical device(s) and holding assembly is placed in the mean position of all possible positions available
Appropriate verification shall be carried out by static or dynamic testing depending on the individual technical problem The method of verification shall be approved by a TS
The sample submitted for test, shall be identical to or have the same characteristics and behaviour during test as would the production item or vehicle
Care should be taken that no internal/external additional reinforcement through the rig modifies the behaviour during the test
The surrogate stretcher must be securely attached to the holding assembly, and if a non-foldable carrying chair is included, it should also be firmly fixed in its holder A representative test mass may be utilized for this purpose.
Impact tests can be conducted using medical devices either installed or stored in their holding systems, or by utilizing weights that replicate the mass distribution and dimensions of the stretchers and devices meant for installation or storage in these systems.
Dynamic testing must be conducted using a patient compartment assembly that has been approved by the TS, following the specified test method If modifications are made to an approved ambulance patient's compartment, a relevant part of the construction may be utilized, provided it has received approval from the TS.
The test assembly shall be accelerated/decelerated in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions in accordance with Figure 10 The impact speed shall be between 30 km/h and 32 km/h
The deceleration curve is verified according to inertia mass method
Test weights for use in lockers should be sand bags with masses in kg increments, with a tolerance of +10 % and 0 %
5.5 Testing of rounded edges and radius inside the patient's compartment $
Conduct the test with a protrusion test ball shown in #Figure 11$ having a diameter of 165 mm
Test weights for use in lockers should be sand bags with masses in kg increments, with a tolerance of +10 % and 0 %
5.5 Testing of rounded edges and radius inside the patient's compartment $
Conduct the test with a protrusion test ball shown in #Figure 11$ having a diameter of 165 mm
All doors in the patient's compartment and drawers must remain closed Conduct the protrusion test ball maneuver in various positions towards any rigid protrusions on the furniture above a horizontal plane set at 700 mm from the lowest floor point, excluding steps or wells.
If the protrusion test ball contacts the protrusion (see #Figure 12$), that protrusion shall be considered to be an exposed edge and shall comply with 4.5.1
#NOTE This test uses the principle described in 74/60/EEC or ECE R21.$
# a) protrusion shall comply b) protrusion need not comply c) protrusion shall comply
Testing of rounded edges and radius inside the patient's compartment
Conduct the test with a radius test tool shown in Figure 13
Procedure to verify the patient's compartment specifications
Vehicle converter shall provide the test authority with the technical specification of the flooring material and confirmation of anti-slip properties
The manufacturer shall provide a material certificate to demonstrate that
— the edges of surfaces are designed and/or sealed in such a way that no fluid can infiltrate;
— the ceiling, the interior side walls and the doors of the patient’s compartment are lined with a material that is non-permeable and resistant to disinfectant
The criteria "The edges of surfaces shall be designed and/or sealed in such a way that no fluid can infiltrate" is not verifiable on vehicle
The requirement that "the ceiling, interior side walls, and doors of the patient’s compartment must be lined with a non-permeable and disinfectant-resistant material" lacks verifiability To ensure compliance, it is essential to obtain the material certificate from the manufacturer.
Procedure to verify the loading area specifications
General
The presented vehicle shall be equipped with a stretcher complying to EN 1865-1:2010 or EN 1865-2:2010 provided by the ambulance manufacturer and when appropriate with its stretcher support
The test shall be conducted on a flat and horizontal surface.
Procedure to verify the loading angle of 16°
For verification of the loading angle see Figure 14
Figure 14 — Verification of the loading angle
Check the loading angle with one of the stretcher specified by the manufacturer of the ambulance
For vehicles equipped with lowering rear suspension, it is essential to ensure that the suspension is fully lowered during testing In cases where standard suspension is used, the vehicle must be tested with an additional mass of 150 kg in the patient compartment, alongside the stretcher, its locks, mountings, and loading platform as applicable.
Where a loading ramp is provided this should be fully deployed
For vehicles with a stretcher support (lift table), ensure it is set in the loading position as per the provided instructions If no instructions are available, adjust the top tray so that the rear surface, where the stretcher's attack wheels engage, aligns with the height of the stretcher's attack wheels tread or the top of the undercarriage, if applicable.
Loading angle α is measured as being the incline of the ramp from ground to vehicle floor or slope of the loading platform where used
The criteria "The edges of surfaces shall be designed and/or sealed in such a way that no fluid can infiltrate" is not verifiable on vehicle
The requirement that "the ceiling, interior side walls, and doors of the patient’s compartment must be lined with a non-permeable and disinfectant-resistant material" is not verifiable To ensure compliance, it is essential to obtain the material certificate from the manufacturer.
5.7 Procedure to verify the loading area specifications
The presented vehicle shall be equipped with a stretcher complying to EN 1865-1:2010 or EN 1865-2:2010 provided by the ambulance manufacturer and when appropriate with its stretcher support
The test shall be conducted on a flat and horizontal surface
5.7.2 Procedure to verify the loading angle of 16°
For verification of the loading angle see Figure 14
Figure 14 — Verification of the loading angle
Check the loading angle with one of the stretcher specified by the manufacturer of the ambulance
For vehicles equipped with lowering rear suspension, it is essential to have the suspension fully lowered during testing In cases where standard suspension is used, the vehicle must be tested with an additional mass of 150 kg in the patient compartment, alongside the stretcher, its locks, mountings, and loading platform as applicable.
Where a loading ramp is provided this should be fully deployed
When using vehicles with a stretcher support (lift table), ensure it is set in the loading position as per the provided instructions If no instructions are available, adjust the top tray so that the rear surface aligns with the height of the stretcher's attack wheels or the top of the undercarriage, if applicable.
Loading angle α is measured as being the incline of the ramp from ground to vehicle floor or slope of the loading platform where used
Ensure that during the loading or unloading of the stretcher, or when it is secured in its holder within the vehicle, the central part of the rear handles is positioned at a height exceeding 825 mm from the ground.
NOTE 1 It is not possible due to the diversity of stretcher/ table support/ vehicles combination to guarantee this requirement of 825 mm for all configurations
NOTE 2 Mobile front loading ramp system is considered as the initial measuring point to check the 825 mm dimension
NOTE 3 When a powered loading system is integrated to the stretcher or fitted to the vehicle, the 825 mm criteria is not relevant to ensure safety of the patient and comfort of the crew
For a stretcher mounted on an undercarriage, the measurement shall be taken relative to the height defined by the gripping area of the undercarriage rather than the stretcher top handles
If a ramp is fitted to the vehicle:
— verify the presence of non-slip coating on the vehicle;
To ensure the ramp's strength, it is essential to test it in a horizontal position by applying a uniformly distributed load of 350 kg over a 200 mm x 200 mm area on the ramp or runway width.
Figure 15 — Ramp strength test - application of the load
Check dimension H 2 , with the suspension of the vehicle in same position as that recommended to check the loading angle α.
Procedure to verify the dimensions of the patient's compartment
Type A and B road ambulances
Dimensions must be verified in an ambulance that is completely equipped with all interior, side, and ceiling lining panels For this assessment, other interior fittings and medical devices, excluding the stretcher, loading platform, and permanent seats, should not be considered.
Type C road ambulances
The TS shall verify the dimensions of the patient's compartment
The dimensions of the patient's compartment is checked without medical devices fitted
To assess the ergonomic space dimensions within the vehicle, utilize a primary stretcher that adheres to the nominal specifications of EN 1865-1:2010, positioned according to the main settings established by the ambulance manufacturer.
NOTE 1 The area corresponding to the head of the stretcher stops at the articulation point of the head of the stretcher
NOTE 2 The patient’s compartment dimensions in Figure 5 are minimum dimensions except where specific figures and/or tolerances are mentioned in this standard
Dimensions are checked to the stretcher lying surface excluding the mattress
If the dimensions of the stretcher support are higher than those of the stretcher, check the ergonomic space dimensions around the stretcher support
Ergonomic space is checked at the level of the horizontal plan tangent to the top tray of the stretcher support
Consider the possible authorized maximum intrusion at the head end of the stretcher or on one side (see 4.5.2.3)
Oxygen cylinders, which can be operated from a seat and the flexible part of their support, can enter the ergonomic space under the conditions of 4.5.2.3
The intrusion of seats is checked in the stretcher plan.
Procedure to verify the seats dimensions of the patient's compartment
Refer to Table 7 and Figure 16 for the seat dimensions, which must be verified either through physical measurement or by consulting the provided drawings, while disregarding any rounded corners.
Figure 16 — Checking of the seat dimensions
When measuring the carrying chair, the width at elbow level should be taken at a depth of 250 mm to 300 mm above the seat, which corresponds to the conventional elbow height Additionally, ensure that swivel seats can be locked in a predetermined position, either facing front or rear.
Seats not intended for use when the vehicle is travelling are not included in this section They are not necessarily equipped with seat belt and headrest
If the seat's design leads to a decrease in height at the H point due to the rotating axis, it permits a notable reduction in width of approximately ± 30 mm at the H point, as illustrated by the dotted line in Figure 17.
Seats designed with tip up seat bases may have the 450 mm width dimension reduced adjacent to the back rest See dotted area in Figure 17
To assess the ergonomic space dimensions in a vehicle, utilize a primary stretcher that adheres to the nominal specifications of EN 1865-1:2010, positioned according to the main settings specified by the ambulance manufacturer.
NOTE 1 The area corresponding to the head of the stretcher stops at the articulation point of the head of the stretcher
NOTE 2 The patient’s compartment dimensions in Figure 5 are minimum dimensions except where specific figures and/or tolerances are mentioned in this standard
Dimensions are checked to the stretcher lying surface excluding the mattress
If the dimensions of the stretcher support are higher than those of the stretcher, check the ergonomic space dimensions around the stretcher support
Ergonomic space is checked at the level of the horizontal plan tangent to the top tray of the stretcher support
Consider the possible authorized maximum intrusion at the head end of the stretcher or on one side (see
Oxygen cylinders, which can be operated from a seat and the flexible part of their support, can enter the ergonomic space under the conditions of 4.5.2.3
The intrusion of seats is checked in the stretcher plan
5.9 Procedure to verify the seats dimensions of the patient's compartment
Refer to Table 7 and Figure 16 for the seat dimensions, which must be verified either through physical measurement or by consulting the provided drawings, while disregarding any rounded corners.
Figure 16 — Checking of the seat dimensions
When measuring the carrying chair, the width at the elbow level should be taken into account, specifically at a depth of 250 mm to 300 mm above the seat, which corresponds to the conventional elbow height.
Check that swivel seats can be locked, in predetermined position, front or rear facing
Seats not intended for use when the vehicle is travelling are not included in this section They are not necessarily equipped with seat belt and headrest
If the seat's design leads to a decrease in height at the H point due to the rotating axis, it permits a notable reduction in width of approximately ± 30 mm at the H point, as illustrated by the dotted line in Figure 17.
Seats designed with tip up seat bases may have the 450 mm width dimension reduced adjacent to the back rest See dotted area in Figure 17
Ensure that the dimension of the seat is not less than a 300 mm by 450 mm rectangle taken 30 mm from R point
Testing of the ventilation system
— check the technical documentation of the product;
— check by calculation that the choice of the product allows at least 20 changes per hour of the air volume of the patient's compartment (without interior arrangement).
Testing of the heating system
This procedure shall be used for all types of ambulance (A, B, C)
To install a coolant temperature sensor at the T connection of the heater on the engine side, first, open the doors of the patient's compartment and condition the vehicle for at least 6 hours at the specified temperature Ensure the heating system in the patient's compartment is turned off, then start the engine and activate the driver's compartment heater in the most favorable position Allow the engine to run until it reaches normal operating temperature, indicated by two openings of the thermostat Finally, close the doors of the patient's compartment and start the heating system at maximum control, with the engine idling or at an accelerated idle speed if it activates during the test without manual intervention.
The report shall indicate if the accelerated idle came into action during the test
— record the temperature over time
End of the test : t0 + 35 min
— Validation of the test: the temperature sensors shall reach the values indicated in 4.5.5.1 at t0 + 15 min and t0 + 30 min
The measurements recorded on the 4 sensors at the centre of the stretcher shall meet the criteria
When using ambulances under different conditions, it is essential to verify the set temperature by comparing it to the displayed temperature after a 30-minute period of temperature rise The measured temperature should not vary by more than 5°C from the set temperature of 22°C.
The criteria about the absence of entering vehicle or heating system exhaust gases is verified if the additional heating system complies with directive 2001/56/EEC.