BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 474 5 2006 Earth moving machinery – Safety Part 5 Requirements for hydraulic excavators ICS 53 100 +A2 2012 BS EN 474 5 2006 +A3 2013 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄIS[.]
General
Hydraulic excavators shall comply with the requirements of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, as far as not modified or replaced by the requirements of this part.
Access
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.2 applies with the exception that dimension G, in
!EN ISO 2867:2008", Figure 2, can be greater than 600 mm when the hand rails/hand holds are in the door opening.
Operator's station
On excavators with retractable front window, the cab height above SIP shall not be less than 920 mm measured with the window retracted into the cab
5.3.2 Operator's protection 5.3.2.1 Operator’s protective guard
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.3.4 is replaced by the following:
Excavators must be designed to accommodate an operator's protective guard, which the manufacturer should provide based on the machine's intended use This protective guard must comply with ISO 10262:1998 standards.
Compact excavators with an operating mass (see !ISO 6016:2008") less than or equal to 1 500 kg are excluded from the requirements for a protective guard according to ISO 10262:1998
5.3.2.2 Tip Over Protective Structure (TOPS) and Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) 5.3.2.2.1 General
EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013, 5.3.3 does not apply for hydraulic excavators except for walking excavators, see 5.8.3
!EN ISO 7096:2008", Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed
!ISO 7451:2007", Earth-moving machinery — Volumetric ratings for hydraulic excavator buckets and backhoe loader buckets
ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric ratings
ISO 8643:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control device — Requirements and tests
ISO 10262:1998, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators — Laboratory tests and performance requirements for operator protective guards
!ISO 10567:2007", Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators — Lift capacity
%ISO 12117-2:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory tests and performance requirements for protective structures of excavators — Part 2: Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators of over
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply
NOTE 1 Terminology for hydraulic excavators are specified in ISO 7135:1993 and illustrated in Annex D (Figures D.1 to D.5) of this European Standard
NOTE 2 Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this document
A hydraulic excavator is a self-propelled machine that operates on crawlers, wheels, or legs It features an upper structure that can typically swing 360°, allowing for versatile movement This equipment is primarily designed for excavation tasks using a bucket, enabling efficient digging without the need to move the undercarriage during the work cycle.
NOTE 1 An excavator work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging material (see
NOTE 2 Hydraulic excavators may also be used for material handling/transportation
The minimal swing radius excavator (MSRX) is designed for operations in confined spaces, featuring an upper structure that allows for a short swing radius This equipment and its attachments operate within 120% of the width of the undercarriage, making it ideal for tight working environments.
3.1.2 compact excavator excavator and minimal swing radius excavator with an operating mass (see !ISO 6016:2008") of less than or equal to 6000 kg
3.2 walking excavator excavator with three or more supporting legs which may be articulated, telescopic or both and which can be fitted with wheels
4 List of additional significant hazards
Annex A (normative) outlines the key hazards, hazardous situations, and events identified through risk assessment that are relevant to this European Standard for this type of machinery It emphasizes the need for actions to eliminate or mitigate these significant risks.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 General
Hydraulic excavators shall comply with the requirements of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, as far as not modified or replaced by the requirements of this part
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.2 applies with the exception that dimension G, in
!EN ISO 2867:2008", Figure 2, can be greater than 600 mm when the hand rails/hand holds are in the door opening
5.3 Operator's station 5.3.1 Minimum space envelope
On excavators with retractable front window, the cab height above SIP shall not be less than 920 mm measured with the window retracted into the cab
5.3.2 Operator's protection 5.3.2.1 Operator’s protective guard
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.3.4 is replaced by the following:
Excavators must be designed to accommodate an operator's protective guard, which the manufacturer should provide based on the machine's intended use This protective guard must comply with ISO 10262:1998 standards.
Compact excavators with an operating mass (see !ISO 6016:2008") less than or equal to 1 500 kg are excluded from the requirements for a protective guard according to ISO 10262:1998
5.3.2.2 Tip Over Protective Structure (TOPS) and Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) 5.3.2.2.1 General
EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013, 5.3.3 does not apply for hydraulic excavators except for walking excavators, see 5.8.3
Compact excavators having an operating mass greater than 1000 kg shall be fitted with a TOPS according to
Hydraulic excavators with an operating mass over 6 t and less than 50 t shall be fitted with a TOPS
For evaluation of the performance of the TOPS, ISO 12117-2 shall be used in respect of lateral loading only and with the following lateral load energy:
The TOPS shall be labelled in accordance with ISO 12117-2:2008, Clause 9, except that the standard referred to shall be EN 474-5:2006+A3:2013
In fulfilling this requirement a manufacturer may alternatively provide a ROPS which fully complies with
ISO 12117-2 (see also 5.3.2.2.4) In such cases, the labelling may either be in accordance with ISO 12117-2
(ROPS) or be as modified above (TOPS) Where a structure complies with both TOPS and ROPS criteria, a manufacturer may optionally identify both standards (ROPS and TOPS) on the label
EN 13531 applies to compact excavators with a swing type boom and an operating mass between 1000 kg and 6000 kg It allows for the evaluation of load-carrying characteristics under static loading and sets performance requirements for excavators exceeding 6000 kg For these larger excavators, testing is conducted according to ISO 12117-2.
NOTE 2 A New Work Item (NWI) is in progress in ISO/TC 127 to define a specific standard for TOPS for hydraulic excavators with an operating mass over 6 t and less than 50 t
Hydraulic excavators weighing between 6 t and 50 t must be designed to accommodate a ROPS, including the provision of mounting points If the manufacturer’s operation manual indicates a risk of rollover based on the machine's intended use, a ROPS must be installed, adhering to the standards set by ISO 12117-2: 2008.
Tip over is a critical hazard associated with standard hydraulic excavator operations Typically, hydraulic excavators are not utilized in scenarios where rollover risks are high, such as in earth moving and demolition tasks However, there are exceptional situations, like working on steep hills and mountainous terrain, where the risk of rollover becomes significant.
The excavator shall be equipped with a front protection and, if a relevant hazard exists, with a top protection, according to ISO 10262:1998
5.3.3.1 Seat adjustment for compact excavators
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.4.1.3, 2 nd paragraph only applies to excavators with an operating mass
(see !ISO 6016:2008") of less than 3000 kg
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.4.1.4, applies to excavators except for compact excavators The seat, except for compact excavators, shall comply with spectral class EM 6 of !EN ISO 7096:2008"
NOTE According to !EN ISO 7096:2008", 1.2.2, there is no requirement on seat suspension for seats used in excavators
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.3.2.9 applies with the exception that the rear window of an excavator does not need to be equipped with window wipers, washers and defrosters.
Controls for driving and steering
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.5.1 d) and 5.6.1 apply with the following addition relating to controls for driving and steering:
The control movements for driving and steering do not have to align with the intended direction of travel when the upper structure is not oriented in the normal driving direction.
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.6.2 applies only to excavators with a travelling speed of higher than
30 km/h measured according to ISO 6014:1986
For machines with a travel speed equal to or lower than 30 km/h EN 12643:1997 shall be applied, except for the requirements for emergency steering.
Swing brakes
Swing brakes shall comply with the requirements as defined in Annex C.
Stability and safety devices
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.11 applies with the additions given in 5.6.2 to 5.6.4
All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based on test and/or calculations of machines being level and on firm supporting surface
The rated lift capacity and the size or capacity of the attachment must consider the mass of the intended load, its density, the location of its center of gravity, and the mass of the attachment and any fitted attachment bracket.
To provide a sufficient stability, the rated lift capacity in intended operations shall be determined in accordance with 5.6.2 to 5.6.4
The rated lift capacity for an excavator used in bucket or shovel application shall be determined either by:
rated tipping load according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.8", in the most unfavourable position; or
hydraulic lift capacity according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.11" whichever is less
Compact excavators having an operating mass greater than 1000 kg shall be fitted with a TOPS according to
Hydraulic excavators with an operating mass over 6 t and less than 50 t shall be fitted with a TOPS
For evaluation of the performance of the TOPS, ISO 12117-2 shall be used in respect of lateral loading only and with the following lateral load energy:
The TOPS shall be labelled in accordance with ISO 12117-2:2008, Clause 9, except that the standard referred to shall be EN 474-5:2006+A3:2013
In fulfilling this requirement a manufacturer may alternatively provide a ROPS which fully complies with
ISO 12117-2 (see also 5.3.2.2.4) In such cases, the labelling may either be in accordance with ISO 12117-2
(ROPS) or be as modified above (TOPS) Where a structure complies with both TOPS and ROPS criteria, a manufacturer may optionally identify both standards (ROPS and TOPS) on the label
EN 13531 applies to compact excavators with a swing type boom and an operating mass between 1000 kg and 6000 kg It allows for the establishment of a reproducible method to evaluate load-carrying characteristics under static loading Additionally, performance requirements can be prescribed for excavators exceeding 6000 kg, with testing conducted according to ISO 12117-2.
NOTE 2 A New Work Item (NWI) is in progress in ISO/TC 127 to define a specific standard for TOPS for hydraulic excavators with an operating mass over 6 t and less than 50 t
Hydraulic excavators weighing between 6 t and 50 t must be designed to accommodate a ROPS, including the provision of mounting points If the manufacturer’s operation manual indicates a risk of rollover based on the machine's intended use, a ROPS must be installed in compliance with ISO 12117-2: 2008.
Hydraulic excavators are primarily designed for applications where the risk of tip-over is minimal Typically, they are not utilized in high-risk environments such as earth moving and demolition However, in exceptional situations, such as working on steep hills or mountainous terrain, the potential for roll over can become significant.
The excavator shall be equipped with a front protection and, if a relevant hazard exists, with a top protection, according to ISO 10262:1998
5.3.3.1 Seat adjustment for compact excavators
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.4.1.3, 2 nd paragraph only applies to excavators with an operating mass
(see !ISO 6016:2008") of less than 3000 kg
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.4.1.4, applies to excavators except for compact excavators The seat, except for compact excavators, shall comply with spectral class EM 6 of !EN ISO 7096:2008"
NOTE According to !EN ISO 7096:2008", 1.2.2, there is no requirement on seat suspension for seats used in excavators
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.3.2.9 applies with the exception that the rear window of an excavator does not need to be equipped with window wipers, washers and defrosters
5.4 Controls for driving and steering
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.5.1 d) and 5.6.1 apply with the following addition relating to controls for driving and steering:
The control movements for driving and steering do not have to align with the intended direction of travel when the upper structure is misaligned with the normal driving path.
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.6.2 applies only to excavators with a travelling speed of higher than
30 km/h measured according to ISO 6014:1986
For machines with a travel speed equal to or lower than 30 km/h EN 12643:1997 shall be applied, except for the requirements for emergency steering
Swing brakes shall comply with the requirements as defined in Annex C
5.6 Stability and safety devices 5.6.1 General
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.11 applies with the additions given in 5.6.2 to 5.6.4
All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based on test and/or calculations of machines being level and on firm supporting surface
The rated lift capacity and the size or capacity of the attachment must account for the mass of the intended load, its density, the location of its center of gravity, and the mass of the attachment and its bracket, if applicable.
To provide a sufficient stability, the rated lift capacity in intended operations shall be determined in accordance with 5.6.2 to 5.6.4
The rated lift capacity for an excavator used in bucket or shovel application shall be determined either by:
rated tipping load according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.8", in the most unfavourable position; or
hydraulic lift capacity according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.11" whichever is less
The volumetric rating of the bucket or shovel shall be determined according to !ISO 7451:2007" or
NOTE The mass and the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account when a bucket is selected for a specific application
The rated lift capacity in stationary log application shall be determined either by:
rated tipping load according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.8", with a log in the most unfavourable position; or
hydraulic lift capacity according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.11" whichever is less
The rated lift capacity in moving (driving with load) log application shall be determined either by:
rated tipping load as 60 % of the tipping load according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.7", with a log in the most unfavourable position; or
hydraulic lift capacity according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.11" whichever is less
The rated lift capacity of excavators shall be determined according to 5.6.4.2
5.6.4.2 Rated lift capacity in object handling
The rated lift capacity in object handling shall be determined according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.13"
5.6.4.3 Rated lift capacity table in object handling
A table of the rated lift capacity in object handling, established by the manufacturer, shall be provided
Annex B gives an example for such a table The table(s) shall be available at the operator's station for each object-handling configuration specified in the operation manual
Excavators used in object handling operations and with a maximum rated lift capacity according to
According to %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, equipment with a lift capacity of 1000 kg or more, or an overturning moment of at least 40,000 Nm, must be fitted with an acoustic or visual warning device This device alerts the operator when the rated lift capacity or corresponding load moment is reached and remains active as long as the load or load moment exceeds the specified limits.
The rated lift capacity is defined in 5.6.4.2 This device may be deactivated while the excavator equipment is performing operations other than object handling The activation shall be clearly indicated
The control of the deactivation shall be within the operator's zone of comfort according to
According to EN ISO 6682:2008, a warning sign must be positioned near the control device to indicate the necessity for activation during object handling Additionally, each raising boom and arm cylinder must be equipped with a lowering control device, which should be installed at the pressurized end that raises the arm away from the base machine Furthermore, the lowering control devices for the boom and arm cylinders must undergo testing in compliance with ISO 8643:1997.
ISO 8643:1997, which is currently being revised, does not include the testing of arm cylinder devices Nevertheless, it is recommended that arm cylinder devices undergo testing using the same procedures outlined for boom lowering control devices.
The manufacturer must determine the rated lift capacity of derived machinery based on the load specifications outlined in sections 5.6.4.2 and 5.6.4.3, while also taking into account the relevant hazards associated with the specific application.
Parking brake for compact crawler excavator
According to section 5.7 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, the compact crawler excavator can be immobilized using either the working tool, such as a bucket, or a special attachment, like a dozer blade The operation manual must detail the procedure for securing the machine.
Specific requirements for walking excavators
5.6.1 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013& does not apply
5.8.1 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013& does not apply
To ensure proper placement on stable ground, the operator must have a clear view of the ground-contacting part of each leg from the operator's station in all possible positions.
In the event of an energy source failure or engine shutdown, operators must be able to exit the machine safely, such as by using a lowered operator's station, steps, or stairs.
5.7 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013& does not apply to walking excavators with not more than two wheels
5.8.3 Operator's protection 5.8.3.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS)
Walking excavators shall be fitted with rollover protective structures (ROPS) that meet the requirements of
!EN ISO 3471:2008" for backhoe-loaders of equivalent mass
All walking excavators fitted with a ROPS shall be equipped with an operator restraint system complying with the requirements of !EN ISO 6683:2008"
The volumetric rating of the bucket or shovel shall be determined according to !ISO 7451:2007" or
NOTE The mass and the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account when a bucket is selected for a specific application
The rated lift capacity in stationary log application shall be determined either by:
rated tipping load according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.8", with a log in the most unfavourable position; or
hydraulic lift capacity according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.11" whichever is less
The rated lift capacity in moving (driving with load) log application shall be determined either by:
rated tipping load as 60 % of the tipping load according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.7", with a log in the most unfavourable position; or
hydraulic lift capacity according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.11" whichever is less
The rated lift capacity of excavators shall be determined according to 5.6.4.2
5.6.4.2 Rated lift capacity in object handling
The rated lift capacity in object handling shall be determined according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.13"
5.6.4.3 Rated lift capacity table in object handling
A table of the rated lift capacity in object handling, established by the manufacturer, shall be provided
Annex B gives an example for such a table The table(s) shall be available at the operator's station for each object-handling configuration specified in the operation manual
Excavators used in object handling operations and with a maximum rated lift capacity according to
According to %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, equipment with a lift capacity of 1000 kg or more, or an overturning moment of at least 40,000 Nm, must be fitted with an acoustic or visual warning device This device alerts the operator when the rated lift capacity or corresponding load moment is reached and remains active as long as the load or load moment exceeds the specified limits.
The rated lift capacity is defined in 5.6.4.2 This device may be deactivated while the excavator equipment is performing operations other than object handling The activation shall be clearly indicated
The control of the deactivation shall be within the operator's zone of comfort according to
According to EN ISO 6682:2008, a warning sign must be positioned near the control device to indicate the necessity for activation during object handling Additionally, each raising boom and arm cylinder should be equipped with a lowering control device, which must be installed at the pressurized end that raises the arm away from the base machine Furthermore, the lowering control devices for the boom and arm cylinders must be tested in compliance with ISO 8643:1997.
ISO 8643:1997, which is currently being revised, does not include the testing of arm cylinder devices Nevertheless, it is recommended that arm cylinder devices undergo testing using the same procedures established for boom lowering control devices.
The manufacturer must determine the rated lift capacity of derived machinery based on the load specifications outlined in sections 5.6.4.2 and 5.6.4.3, while also taking into account the relevant hazards associated with the specific application.
5.7 Parking brake for compact crawler excavator
According to section 5.7 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, the compact crawler excavator can be immobilized using either the working tool, such as a bucket, or a special attachment, like a dozer blade The operation manual must detail the procedure for securing the machine.
5.8 Specific requirements for walking excavators 5.8.1 Operator's station
5.6.1 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013& does not apply
5.8.1 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013& does not apply
To ensure proper placement on stable ground, the operator must have a clear view of the ground-contacting parts of each leg from the operator's station in all possible positions.
In the event of an energy source failure or engine shutdown, operators must be able to exit the machine safely, such as by using a lowered operator's station, steps, or stairs.
5.7 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013& does not apply to walking excavators with not more than two wheels
5.8.3 Operator's protection 5.8.3.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS)
Walking excavators shall be fitted with rollover protective structures (ROPS) that meet the requirements of
!EN ISO 3471:2008" for backhoe-loaders of equivalent mass
All walking excavators fitted with a ROPS shall be equipped with an operator restraint system complying with the requirements of !EN ISO 6683:2008"
5.8.3.3 Falling-object protective structure (FOPS)
!Walking excavators shall be fitted with a falling object protective structure (FOPS) according
EN ISO 3449:2008, level II, (see also 5.3.4 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&)."
All leg cylinders shall be fitted with lock valves to prevent the machine from becoming unstable in case of a hydraulic system failure
Stability is assessed under specific test conditions, which include a level and firm supporting surface, fully extended stabilizers and wheels as per the manufacturer's specifications, and the lower side of the undercarriage positioned approximately 350 mm above the test surface Additionally, tipping lines must be referenced as illustrated in Figure 1, and stability is evaluated at maximum reach both with and without the telescopic arm to the front and rear, as depicted in Figure 2, as well as to the side, shown in Figure 3.
The rated lift capacity for a walking excavator used in bucket applications shall be determined either by:
rated tipping load according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.8", in the most unfavourable position; or
hydraulic lift capacity according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.11" whichever is less
The volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to !ISO 7451:2007"
NOTE The mass and the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account when a bucket is selected for a specific application
The rated lift capacity of walking excavators in object handling application shall be determined according to 5.8.4.3.2
5.8.4.3.2 Rated lift capacity in object handling
The rated lift capacity in object handling shall be determined according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.13"
5.8.4.3.3 Rated lift capacity table in object handling
A manufacturer-provided table detailing the rated lift capacity for object handling, based on reach and turntable position, must be included An example of this table can be found in Annex B Additionally, these tables should be accessible at the operator's station for every object-handling configuration outlined in the operation manual.
Walking excavators used in object handling operations and with a maximum rated lift capacity according to
According to %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, equipment with a lift capacity of 1000 kg or more, or an overturning moment of at least 40,000 Nm, must be fitted with an acoustic or visual warning device This device alerts the operator when the rated lift capacity or corresponding load moment is reached and remains active as long as the load or load moment exceeds the specified limits.
The rated lift capacity is specified in section 5.8.4.3.2 This device can be turned off when the excavator is engaged in tasks other than handling objects, with clear indications for activation Additionally, the deactivation control must be easily accessible within the operator's comfort zone.
According to EN ISO 6682:2008, it is essential to place a warning sign near the control device to indicate the necessity for activation during object handling Additionally, a boom-lowering control device must be installed on the raising boom cylinder(s) in compliance with ISO 8643:1997.
%EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&, 5.15 applies with the exception of 5.15.2 and 5.15.5
Figure 1 — Tipping lines of walking excavators
5.8.3.3 Falling-object protective structure (FOPS)
!Walking excavators shall be fitted with a falling object protective structure (FOPS) according
EN ISO 3449:2008, level II, (see also 5.3.4 of %EN 474-1:2006+A3:2013&)."
All leg cylinders shall be fitted with lock valves to prevent the machine from becoming unstable in case of a hydraulic system failure
Stability is assessed under specific test conditions, which include a level and firm supporting surface, fully extended stabilizers and wheels as per the manufacturer's specifications, and the lower side of the undercarriage positioned approximately 350 mm above the test surface Additionally, tipping lines must be referenced as illustrated in Figure 1, and stability is evaluated at maximum reach both with and without the telescopic arm to the front, rear, and sides, as depicted in Figures 2 and 3.
The rated lift capacity for a walking excavator used in bucket applications shall be determined either by:
rated tipping load according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.8", in the most unfavourable position; or
hydraulic lift capacity according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.11" whichever is less
The volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to !ISO 7451:2007"
NOTE The mass and the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account when a bucket is selected for a specific application
The rated lift capacity of walking excavators in object handling application shall be determined according to 5.8.4.3.2
5.8.4.3.2 Rated lift capacity in object handling
The rated lift capacity in object handling shall be determined according to !ISO 10567:2007, 3.13"
5.8.4.3.3 Rated lift capacity table in object handling