Bsi bs au 050 1 2 4 1994 (1999) iso 10454 1993

BRITISH STANDARD BS AU 50 1 2 4 1994 ISO 10454 1993 Tyres and wheels — Part 1 Tyres — Section 2 Commercial vehicle tyres — Subsection 2 4 Method of test for verifying tyre capabilities http //dx doi o[.]

ISO 10454:

1993

This BritishStan ard,hav ing

b en pre ared u der the

directionof the Automo ie

Stan ards Polcy Commite ,

waspublshed u der the

authority f the Stan ards

Bo rd an comes

into efect on

1 J n ary 9 4

© BSI 1 -1 9

The folowing BSI references

relate to the work on this

stan ard:

Commite reference AUE/4

Draft for comment9 /81 6 DC

ISBN 0 5 0 2 7 7 0

The prep ration of this BritishStand rd was entrusted b the Automobie

Stand rds Polcy Commit e ( AUE/-) to Tech ical Commit e AUE/4, upon

which the folowing bodies were represented:

Ag ricultural Eng ine r ’ Association

Automobie Association

British Industrial Truck Association

British Pres ure Gaug e Man facturer ’ Association

British Rub er Man facturer ’ Association

Bus and Coach Cou ci

Dep rtment of Transport

Freig ht Transport Association

Institute of Roa Transport Eng ine r ( Inc)

Motor Cy cle Industry ’s Association of Great Britain Ltd

Motor Industry Resear h Association

National Ty re Distributor ’ Association

Retrea Man facturer ’ Association

Roa Haulag e Association Ltd

Society of Motor Man facturer and Tra er Ltd

Am endm ents is ued sinc publ cation

Pag e

Annex A ( informativ e) Test conditions for ty res with non-stand rd marking 5

National foreword

This Subsection of this Part of BS AU5 has be n prep red u der the direction

of the Automobie Stand rds Polcy Commit e and is identical with

ISO10 5 :19 3 Tr uck a nd bus tyr es — Ver if ing tyr e ca pa bilit e — La bor a tor y

te t method s, publ shed b the International Org anization for Stand rdization

( ISO) Other Parts of this stand rd are as fol ows:

— Pa r t 2: Whe l s a nd r ims;

— Pa r t 3: Va lve ;

— Pa r t 4: R im pr ofil es a nd d imensions

Cros - referenc s The Tech ical Commit e has rev iewed the prov isions of

ISO42 3-1:19 9 to which normativ e reference is ma e in the text and has

decided that they are ac epta le for use in conju ction with this stand rd

A British Stand rd do s not purport to include al the neces ary prov isions of a

contract User of British Stand rds are responsible for their cor ect a pl cation

Com pl anc with a British Standard do s not of itselfc nfer im munity

f om leg al obl g ations

Summ ary of pag es

This document comprises a font cov er, an inside f ont cov er, p g es i andi,

p g es1 to6, an inside b ck cov er and a b ck cov er

This stand rd has be n up ated ( se cop rig ht d te) and ma hav e ha

amendments incorporated.This wi be indicated in the amendment ta le on the

inside f ont cov er

1 Scope

This International Stand rd specifies test methods

for v erify ing the ca a i ties of truck and bus ty res

Of the test methods presented, only some ma be

required depending on the ty pe of ty re to be tested

The tests are car ied out in a la oratory u der

controled conditions

It includes a streng th test for as es ing the

ca a i ty of the ty re structure, with respect to

braking energ y , in the trea area

A second test, the endurance test, as es es the

resistance of the ty re with respect to serv ice at ful

loa and moderate spe d ov er long distances

The test methods presented in this International

Stand rd are not intended for g ra ation of ty re

perormance or qualty lev els

This International Stand rd a ples to al truck and

bus ty res

2 Norm ative ref rence

The folowing stand rd contains prov isions which,

throug h reference in this text, constitute prov isions

of this International Stand rd At the time of

publcation, the edition indicated was v al d All

stand rds are subject to rev ision, and p rties to

ag re ments b sed on this International Stand rd

are encourag ed to inv estig ate the pos ibi ity of

a ply ing the most recent edition of the stand rd

indicated below Member of IEC and ISO maintain

reg ister of cur ently v al d International Stand rds

ISO42 3-1:19 9, Definiions o some ter ms us d in

the tyr e ind ustr y — Pa r t1: Pneuma tic tyr es

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this International Stand rd, the

definitions g iv en in ISO42 3-1 and the folowing

definitions a ply

3.1

bea separation

breakdown of bond betwe n components in the bea

area

3.2

belt separation

p rting of rub er compou d betwe n belt lay er or

betwe n belts and pl es

3.3

chunking

breaking awa of pieces of the threa

3.4

c rd separation

cord p rting fom a jacent rub er compou ds

3.5

cracking

any p rting within the trea , sidewal or in erl ner

of the ty re extending to cord material

3.6

innerl ner separation

p rting of in erlner f om cord material in the

car as

3.7

m aximum loa rating

ma imum loa that the ty re is rated to car y in

sing le formation at the reference spe d

3.8

open splc

any p rting at any junction of trea , sidewal or

innerlner that extends to cord material

3.9

ply sep ration

p rting of rub er compou d betwe n a jacent ples

3.10

sidewal separation

p rting of the rub er compou d f om the cord

material in the sidewal

3.1

spe ial trea tyre (ET)

ty re whose trea p t ern is primariy desig ned to

prov ide satis actory perormance under special

serv ice conditions ( e.g mixed use, on-and of-roa ,

city bus, etc.)

3.12

test rim

any rim on which the ty re ma be fit ed that

conforms to the dimensions of the recommended

rims for the p rticular ty re desig nation and ty pe

3.13

test drum spe d

peripheral spe d of the ste l test drum

3.14

tread separation

pul ing awa of the trea f om the ty re car as

4 Test equipm ent

The test equipment consists of items in4.1 to4.3

4.1 Test drum , cy lindrical driv en fly whe l ( drum)

hav ing a diameter of1,7m±1 % or2m±1 %

The surace of the drum shal be smo th ste l The

width of the test sur ace shal be equal to or exce d

the ov eral width of the test ty re

For the test drum, the loa ing dev ice ma be a

dea -weig ht cantiev ered sy stem with a hy draul c

or pneumatic sy stem The ac uracy shal be

within±1,5% of the ful s ale

For the test drum, the spe d ca a i ity of the

equipment shal be a equate for the requirements of

the test methods The ac uracy of the test drum

spe d shal be within km/h at the ful s ale

4.2 Plung er, cy lindrical ste l plu g er of suficient

leng th with a hemispherical end and a diameter as

shown in Ta le 1, with reference to the ty re loa

index

For the plu g er equipment, the loa ing dev ice shal

permit g ra ual a plcation of the for e Indicator of

displacement and of for e shal be prov ided with an

ac uracy within±1% of ful s ale

For the plu g er equipment, the spe d of the

displacement shal be control ed with an ac uracy

within±3% of the ful s ale

Table 1 — Plung er diam eter

4.3 Inflation pres ure g aug es, with a ma imum

s ale v lue of at least10 0kPa with an ac uracy

within±20kPa

5 Testing

5.1 Streng th test

5.1.1 Preparat ion o t y re

5.1.1.1Mou t the ty re on a test rim and inflate it to

the pres ure specified for the ma imum loa rating

in sing le formation, or ma imum dual loa , where

they difer

5.1.1.2 Maintain the as embly at test ro m

temperature for at least3h

5.1.2 Te t pr c dure

5.1.2.1 Rea just the ty re pres ure to that specified

in5.1.1.1 and mou t the as embly on a fixture

5.1.2.2 Position the plu g er as near to the centrel ne

as pos ible, av oiding penetration into the trea

g ro v es, and for e the plu g er perpendicularly into

the trea at a rate of5 mm/min±2,5mm/ min

5.1.2.3 Record the for e and penetration at the

moment of breaking ( se also5.1.2.7) at each of fiv e

test points a proximately equaly sp ced arou d

the cir umference of the ty re Check the pres ure

before mov ing to the nex t test point

5.1.2.4 if the ty re fais to break before the plu g er is

stop ed on reaching the rim and the required

minimum breaking energ y is not achiev ed,then the

ty re is de med to hav e p s ed the test at that point

5.1.2.5 Compute the breaking energ y , W, in joules

for each test point, except those considered

b 5.1.2.4, b means of the folowing formula:

5.1.2.6 Determine the breaking energ y v alue for the

ty re b computing the av erag e of the v alues

obtained

5.1.2.7 W hen an a propriate dev ice which

automatical y ev aluates the v alue of the energ y Wis

av aia le, the penetration can be stop ed shortly

after hav ing achiev ed the pres ribed v alue

5.1.2.8 In the case of tubeles ty res, means ma be

prov ided to ensure the retention of the inflation

pres ure for the duration of the test

5.2 Enduranc test

5.2.1 Preparat ion o t yre

5.2.1.1 Mou t the ty re on a test rim and inflate to

the pres ure cor esponding to the ma imum loa

rating

5.2.1.2 Maintain the ty re and rim as embly at

ambient temperature, which shal be at least20°C,

for at least3h

5.2.2 Te t pr c d ure

5.2.2.1 Rea just the ty re pres ure to the v alue

specified in5.2.1.1 immediately before testing

5.2.2.2 Mou t the ty re and rim as embly on a test

a le so that the ty re ma be pres ed ra ial y ag ainst

the outer face of the test drum

5.2.2.3 During the test the ambient temperature

shal be maintained at betwe n20°C and3 °C, or

at a hig her temperature if the ty re man facturer

ag re s

5.2.2.4 Conduct each suc es iv e phase of the test,

without inter uptions, at the test spe d with loa s

and test periods as shown in:

a) Ta le 2 a) for ty res with loa index ( sing le) up

to1 1 inclusiv e and spe d sy mbol up to P;

b) 5.2.3 for ty res with loa index ( sing le) up

to1 1 inclusiv e and spe d sy mbols Q and a ov e;

c) Ta le 2 b) for ty res with loa index ( sing le)1 2

and a ov e

Dimensions in mi imetres

Lo d index in single

form ation

Plu ge diam ete

±0,5

+ 2

0

where

F is the for e, in newtons;

P is the penetration, in mi lmetres

W

F×P

2 0 0

=

Ta le 2 — Enduranc test param eter

5.2.2.5 Throug hout the test, the inflation pres ure

shal not be cor ected and the test loa shal be

maintained constant

5.2.3 Spe ific cond it ions f r t yre wit h spe d

symb l Q and ab ve

5.2.3.1 The loa a pl ed shal be:

a) 9 % of the ma imum loa rating on1,7m

drum diameter;

b) 92% of the ma imum loa rating on2 m drum

diameter

5.2.3.2 The initial test spe d shal be equal to the

ty re’s spe d categ ory min s20km/h

5.2.3.3 Operate the equipment to bring the test

drum spe d up to the initial test spe d ov er a period

of10min

5.2.3.4 Operate the equipment with the test drum

spe d at the initial test spe d for10min then, at the

initial test spe d plus10km/h for at least10min

Finaly, operate the equipment for3 min at the

ty re’s spe d categ ory

5.2.3.5 The total duration of the test is1h

6 Requir m ents

6.1 Test sample

Two ty res with identical characteristic , e.g siz

desig nation and serv ice des ription or ma imum

loa rating and spe d ca a i ty , shal comprise a

test sample:

a) one ty re shal be used for the measurement of

streng th;

b) a second ty re for the endurance test

The pres ures, loa s, spe ds and durations shal be

as specified for each test method

Each test sample shal conform to the requirements

specified in6.2 and6.3

6.2 Streng th test

Each test sample shal me t at least the

requirements for minimum breaking energ y

specified in Ta le 3, when tested in ac ord nce

with5.1

S e d sym bol

Tes drum spe d

a

r/min

Lo d as pe c nta e of m axim um lo d rating

Ra ial tyr s Diag onal tyr s

Duration

7h

(pe io 1)

1 h

(pe io 2)

2 h

(pe io 3)

a) Tyres with loa index (sing le)u 1 1

F

G

J

K

10

1 5

15

17

10

1 5

15

17

M

N

P

25

27

3 0

20

—

—

7 b

9 b

1 4

b) Tyres with loa index (sing le)W1 2

F

G

J

K

L

M

10

1 5

15

17

20

2 5

10

10

1 5

15

—

—

a

Sp cial tre d tyres shal b tested at a sp ed e ual to 5% of the sp ed pres rib d for e uiv lent normal ty res

b

The lo d a plcation times for p riods1 an 2 are h an 6h resp ctiv ly

6.3 Enduranc test

6.3.1 W hen the ty re has be n subjected to the

la oratory endurance test specified in5.2, using a

test rim and a v alv e which u derg o no permanent

deformation and alow no los of air, there shal be

no v isual ev idence of trea , sidewal , ply , cord,

in erl ner, belt or bea sep ration, ch n ing , open

spl ces, c acking or broken cords

6.3.2 The ty re pres ure measured immediately after

the test shal not be les than the initial pres ure

specified in5.2.1.1

Ta le 3 — Minim um breaking energ y

Inflation pr s ur cor esp nding to m axim um

lo drating

kPa

Br aking ene g y

min

J

a) Tyres with loa index (sing le)u1 1

Nom inal rim diam ete

co e<1

Nom inal rim diam ete

co eW1

up to 25

251 to3 0

3 1 to4 0

4 1 to5 0

5 1 to6 0

ov er6 0

13

20

271

—

—

—

29

3 2

514

5 6

6 4

71

b) Tyres with loa index (sing le)W 1 2

up to 5 0

5 1 to6 0

6 1 to7 0

7 1 to8 0

8 1 to9 0

9 2

141

16 5

20 0

220

Annex A (inform ative)

Test conditions for tyr s with non- standard m arking

For an interim period, it is permis ible for ty res not to be marked with a loa index , but with a “ loa rang e”

or equiv alent ply rating “PR” marking Ta le A.1, Ta le A.2 and Ta le A.3 a ply in place of Ta le 1,

Ta le 2 and Ta le 3 respectiv ely

Table A.1 — Plung er diam eter

Ta le A.2 — Enduranc test

Dimensions in mi imetres

Tyr ty e

Plu g er diam ete

±0,5

Ty res marked “ LT”

Ty res with rim diameter codeu1

Ty res with rim diameter codeu17.5 and marked “ TUBELES ”

19

Other than a ov e:

— Ty res marked LOAD RANGE F ( or1 PR) and below

— Ty res marked LOAD RANGE G ( or14PR) and ov er

32

3

Marking ofspe d

r s ricted se vic

Lo drang e P

Tes drum spe d

r/ min

Pe c ntag e of m axim um lo d rating

Duration

7h

(pe io 1)

1 h

(pe io 2)

2 h

(pe io 3)

E to L

6;8

10 to20

15

10

7

6

9

8

1 4

101

( no marking s) A to D

E

F

G

H to N

2 to8

10

1

14

16 to24

25

20

20

17

15

7 a

7

6

6

6

9 b

8

8

8

8

1 4

10

101

101

101

a

4h for tyres with rim diameter code 4.5 or les

b

6h for tyres with rim diameter code 4.5 or les

Ta le A.3 — Minim um breaking energ y

Annex B (inform ative)

Bibl og raphy

[ 1] ISO3 7 -1:19 8, Tyr es, va lve a nd tube — List o equiva l ent ter ms — Pa r t1: Tyr es

[ 2] ISO420 -1:19 8, Tr uck a nd bus tyr es a nd r ims (metr ic s r ie ) — Pa r t1: Tyr es

[ 3] ISO420 -2:19 7, Tr uck a nd bus tyr es a nd r ims (metr ic s r ie ) — Pa r t2: R ims

Lo d range P

Br aking ene g y

min

J

Rim

diam ete

co eu1

Rim diam ete co e1

and1

T be ty e m arked “L ”

Othe tyr s m arked “L ”

T beles with rim diam ete

co e1 to1 5 inclusive

Othe tyr s

T be tyr T beles

A

B

C

D

E

F

2

4

6

8

10

1

6

13

20

271

3 9

4 7

—

192

271

3 4

—

—

2 6

29

3 2

514

5 6

6 4

—

—

7 8

8 3

1 41

1 7 5

—

—

5 6

7 4

9 2

1 41

G

H

J

L

M

N

14

16

18

20

2

24

71

7 8

—

—

—

—

2 282

2 5 9

2 825

30 1

32 0

33 0

1 6 5

2 0 0

2 20

—

—

—

List ofreferences

Se national foreword

ISO 10454:

1993

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