Api mpms 18 2 2016 (american petroleum institute)

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Co yrig t © 2 16 America Petrole m Institute

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Wa shin ton, DC 2 0 5, stan ar ds@a i.or g

1 Sc pe 1

2 Normativ Ref ere c s 1

3 Terms a d Definitio s 2

4 Safety 2

5 Sele tio of Metho s for Qu ntity a d Qu lty Determin tio s Usin Av aiable Eq ipme t in Zon s 3

6 Ge er al Re po sibi tie f or Pro u tio Oper ator s a d Cr ud Oi Tr uc Dr iv er s 4

6.1 Ge er al 4

6.2 Pr odu tio Operators 4

6.3 Cru e Oi Tr uc Driv rs 5

7 Mainte a c a d Calbratio of Eq ipme t 5

8 A ss s in Oi Merc a tabi ty 5

9 Me s r eme t Eq ipme t f or th Traier Zo e 5

10 Me s reme t Eq ipme t for th Tra sitio Zo e 6

10.1 Ge eral 6

10.2 Qualty Deter min tio 7

1 Me s r eme t Eq ipme t f or th Ta k Zo e 10

1 1 Ge eral 10 1 2 Static Me s r eme t 10 1 3 Ta k Calbratio 10 1 4 Automatic Ta k Ga gin Sy stems 10 1 5 Hy dro tatic Ta k Ga gin 12 1 6 Me s reme t Sy stem In talatio , Initial Verif i atio , a d Calbr atio 13

1 7 Me s reme t Sy stem Commis io in 13 12 Re or d Keepin 13 13 Capabi ty a d Un ertainty 13 13.1 Ge eral 13 13.2 Pro e ure 14 14 Ru Tickets a d Ta k Turn ow ns 2

14.1 Ru Tickets or Me s r eme t Tickets 2

14.2 Ta k Turn ow ns 2 4 A nn x A (inf orma t iv e) Zo e Matric s 2

A nn x B (nor mat iv e) Un ertainty Deter min tio De elopme t 2

Biblo r aph 2

Fig r e 1 Zo e 4

Table 1 A pplc ble Sta d r d for Meter 7

The A PI Manual ofPetrole m Mea ureme t Standards (MPMS) cov er s in ivid al stan ar ds for sampln ,

temp r atur e deter mination, gau in , an q alty testin This publcation integrates these stan ard , by

r efer en e, into a fr a mew or k that may b a pled d r i g c stod tr an fer of cru e oi fr om le se tan s to a

tan tr uc w ithout r eq ir i g dir ect ac es to the tank thief gau e hatc Man of the in ivid al stan ar ds

have g idelnes definin the freq en y an toler an es for in talation, ver ification, an calbr ation of the

sp cified eq ipment u der contr oled or ide l con ition alowin for u cer tainty within c stod tran fer

r eq irement s How ever, w ith t he con it ion en ou ter ed in man of t oday’s a plcat ion , t he in t alat ion,

v er ification, an calbr ation of me s r ement dev ices may hav e hig er u cer tainties d e to the o er ational

c aracter i tic an lmited ac es av aia le at the le se site In the interest of safety an env ironmental

con er ns, these hig er u cer tainties may sti pr ovide ac e ta le me s r ement for c stod tran fer of

cr ude oi from tanks u in the defined alter nate method The alter nate me s r ement method dis u sed

in this stan ard ar e inten ed to minimize u cer tainty an bias whie en our agin con istent me s r ement

an testin pr actices u in existin tec nologies within A PI stan ard that ar e av aia le at the time of the

develo ment of this stan ar d They ar e not inten ed to interfer e w ith bu ines contr acts, existin API

stan ar ds, or the dev elo ment of new tec nologies or to compr i e the only ac e ta le alter nate method

of c stod tr an fer of cr ude oi by tr uc s

Methods

This stan ar d defines the minimum eq ipment an method u ed to determine the q antity an q alty of cru e

oi b in lo ded from a le se tan to a tr uc traier without req irin direct ac es to a le se tan gau e hatc

Method an eq ipment des rib d ar e gr oup d by tank zone, tr aier zone, an the tr an ition zone b tw een the

two (se Section 5) The eq ipment u ed for me s r ement is de en ent on the existin desig of the le se

eq ipment, the eq ipment u ed to tr an p r t the pr od ct, or a combination of the two Some sites may r eq ire

me s r ements from multiple zones in order to ar rive at an ac ur ate lo d q antity an q alty

2 Normativ e Ref er ences

The folow in r efer en ed doc ment s a r e in isp n a ble for t he a pplca tion of t his doc ment For dat ed r eferen es,

only t he edit ion cited a ples For u dat ed refer en es, t he lat est edition of t he referen ed doc ment (in lu in a ny

a men ment s) a ples

API MPMS Cha pter 2, Tan Calbrato – A llrele ant secto s

API MPMS Cha pter 3.1A , Standard Pra tce forth Man alGau in ofPetrole m andPetrole m Products

API MPMS Cha t er 3.1B, StandardPra tce forLe elMea ureme t ofL iq id Hydroc rb ns in Stato ary Tan s b

A utomatc Tan Gau in

API MPMS Cha pter 3.6, Mea ureme t ofL iq idHydroc rb ns b Hy ridTan Mea ureme t Systems

API MPMS Cha pter 4, Pro in Systems – Alrele ant secto s

API MPMS Cha pter 5.2, Mea ureme t ofL iq idHydroc rb ns b Displa eme t Meters

API MPMS Cha pter 5.3, Mea ureme t ofL iq idHydroc rb ns b Turbin Meters

API MPMS Cha pter 5.6, Mea ureme t ofL iq idHydroc rb ns b Coriols Meters

API MPMS Cha pter 5.8, Mea ureme t ofL iq idHydroc rb ns b Ulra o ic Flow Meters

API MPMS Cha pter 6.1, Lea e Automatc CustodyTransfer(L ACT) Systems

API MPMS Cha pter 7, Temp rature Determinato – Al rele ant secto s

API MPMS Cha pter 7.3, Temp rature Determinato —Fix d Automatc Tan Temp rature Systems

API MPMS Cha pter 8.2, Standard Pra tce forAutomatc Sampln of L iq idPetrole m andPetrole m Products

API MPMS Cha pter 9, De siy Determinato – Alrele ant secto s

API MPMS Cha pter 0, Sedime t and Water– A ll rele ant secto s

API MPMS Cha pter 2, Calculato ofPetrole m Quant ies – Al rele ant secto s

API MPMS Cha t er 14.3, Orifice Meterin ofNaturalGa andOth rRelated Hydroc rb n Fluids—Co ce tric,

Sq are-edg dOrifice Meters – Allrele ant parts

API MPMS Cha ter 16.2, Ma s Mea ureme t ofL iq id Hydroc rb ns in Vertc lCylndric l Storag Tan s b

Hydrostatc Tan Gau in

API MPMS Cha pter 21.2, Electro ic L iq id Volume Mea ureme t Usin Posiv Displa eme t andTurbin Meters

API MPMS Cha ter 2 2, Testn Protocols– Difere talPres ure FlowMea ureme t De ices

3 T erms and Def initions

For the pur poses of this doc ment, the folowin definition a ply

NOT E Se API MPMS Ch pter 1, o ln T er ms a d Definitio s Dat ab se, for a ditio al terms a d d f init io s a plca le to

this d cume t

3.1

cru e oi le s ta k

A tan that is calbr ated p r A PI MPMS Cha ter 2 stan ar ds that stor es cr ude oi fr om pr od cin le ses w aitin to

b tr an p r ted by a car rie

3.2

cru e oi tru k driv r

COTD

A ss mes that the d v er is also the gau e howev er, it s ould b r ecog ized that these d ties may b divided

b tw een difer ent in ivid als: a p r son w ho only d ves the tan tru k an a gau er or a plca le r epr esentative

w ho is r esp n ible for mea sur ement an testin

3.3

ln arize ta k table

L T

The lne r i ed tan ta le value cor resp n in to the o enin gau e me s r ement, closin gau e me s r ement,

an fre w ater gau e me s r ement

3.4

merc a tabi ty

A ter m a pled to lq id h dr ocar bon ju ged to b ac e ta le for c stod tr an fer to a car rie The oi is setled

an contain no mor e than a set amou t of s sp n ed sediment an w ater (S&W) an other impu ties The

amou t of S& W or other impurities s al b agr eed up n by b th p r ties to have a mutual u der stan in of w hat

is mer chanta le pr od ct

4 Safety

Safety is an es ential p rt of cru e oi tru kin o eration b th on r oadw ay s an d r i g c stod tr an fe API

MPMS Cha ter 18.1 w as develo ed for a plcation w her e ac es to le se tank s to p rform the as ociated

me s r ement an q alty task s w as not restr i ted an w her e the setln an we ther i g of cr ude oi pr ior to

c stod tr an fer w as p s ible Ther e ar e man a plcation today wher e these con ition can ot b met

Op nin thief hatc es of stor age tan s can le d to the r apid rele se of hig con entration of hy dr ocarb n gases

an v ap r s Be aw ar e that those may res lt in very low oxy gen levels an toxic an flamma le con ition ar ou d

an ov er the hatc This stan ard was develo ed to en our age u ifor m, tec nicaly defen ible me s r ement an

t est in prac t ices for cru e oi gathered fom le se t ank s when ac es t o t he tan ’s t hief hat c h may b rest ricted

Safety is an es ential p r t of cru e oi tru kin o er ation b th on ro dways an d r i g c stod tr an fe so the

cru e oi tr uc d v er (COTD) s al b thorou hly fami ar w ith al gover nment an comp n safety reg lation as

wel as A PI Recommen ed Pr actice 2 0 , w hic outlnes safety pr oced res that ar e imp r tant for tr uc k

tran p r ts

Refer to a pr opr iate gov er nment r eg lation an publcation , in lu in the folow in :

— OSHA 2 CFR 1910.10 , Flammable and Comb stble L iq ids ;

— OSHA 2 CFR 1910.13 , Perso alProtectv Eq ipme t;

— OSHA 2 CFR 1910.14 , Th Co trol ofHazardo s En rg (L ock ut/Tag ut;

— OSHA 2 CFR 1910.3 7, Hazardo s (Cla sified) L oc to s;

— OSHA 2 CFR 1910.10 0, A irCo taminants;

— OSHA 2 CFR 1910.12 0, HazardCommu ic to ;

— OSHA Publcation 3 4 , NIOSH-OSHA Hazar d Aler t, Healh andSafety Risks forWork rs In olv din Man al

Tan Gau in andSampln at Oi andGa Extra to Sies

These r efer en es ar e pr ovided for infor mational pur poses only an do not pr ovide legal ad ice on complan e

w ith reg lation Where a plca le, authorities hav in ju s iction s ould b con ulted

A s stated in the Sco e of the doc ment, this stan ar d defines some of the eq ipment an method u ed to

deter mine the q antity an q alty of oi b in lo ded from a le se tan to a tr uc tr aier w ithout req ir i g dir ect

ac es to a le se tan gau e hatc The method an eq ipment that w il b u ed are b sed on:

a) esta ls in a lst/matr i of al the existin an /or av aia le eq ipment in the tan , tr aier, an tran ition zones

an u der stan in al the p tential u cer tainty an bias of the eq ipment;

b) u der stan in an doc mentin the p tential con ition that wi exist d rin the lo din of the pr od ct that

may afect the eq ipment an pr oces u ed to deter mine the q antity an q alty of the prod ct;

c) as es in al the data to deter mine the ca a i ty of develo in a me s rement method or pr oces that wi

pr ovide the lowest u cer tainty an minimize an bias to an ac e ta le lev el uti zin the avaia le eq ipment

in an combination of the thre zones

Quantity an q alty determination made u der ma ny of the con ition exp rien ed in t oday’s prod ct ion are

c alen in d e to safety an env ir onmental con er ns but neces ary Un ta i zed lq id hy drocar bon may

contain v aryin amou ts of dis olved natur al gas an some entr ained w ate These con ition red ce the a i ty

of an eq ipment to ac ieve its inten ed ac ur ac , so it is imp rtant to ac ou t for them in as es in the p tential

imp ct to the alter nate me s r ement pr oces develo ed The lowest u cer tainty wi gener aly b as ociated w ith

the most sta i zed pr od ct

This stan ard do s not ad r es other method for deter mination of q antity an q alty at location of -site

b cau e they ar e cov er ed by existin in u try stan ard Other method , s c as mas me s r ement by weig

s ale or c stod tran fer at the lo din or u lo din p int by me s r ement s stem, hav e the p tential for mu h

low er u cer tainty an may hav e to b con ider ed if the zone method do not me t an ac e ta le lev el of

u cer tainty to al the p r ties inv olved in the tr an action

The folow in deter mination s al b made in one, two, or al of the zones for comp r i on purp ses:

a) mer chanta i ty (se Section 8),

b) in icated/observ ed volume,

c) pr od ct temp rature,

d) API gr av ity an o ser ved temp r atur e,

e) s sp n ed S&W,

f calc lated v olume (gr os stan ard v olume [GSV] an net stan ar d v olume [NSV]) (refer to A PI MPMS

Cha ter 2)

Method an eq ipment des rib d ar e gr oup d by tan zone, tr aier zone, an the tran ition zone b tw een the

two (se Fig re 1)

Figure 1—Zo e

Ta k Zo e

A ter m u ed to des rib the inter ior of the tan an an eq ipment atac ed to the tan , s c as a tan gau e

The tan zone in lu es an outlet valv e but not a hose On e the pr od ct has lef the outlet v alv e, it is no lon er in

the tan zone

Tra sitio Zo e

A ter m u ed to des rib the ar ea b tween tan an tr uc d r i g c stod tran fe The tr an ition zone b gin on e

the pr od ct has lef the outlet v alve of the tank , s c as thr ou h a hose, an en s at the star t of its destination,

i.e an inlet v alve of a tr aie

Trai er Zo e

A ter m u ed to des r ib the inter ior of a tr aier afer a pr od ct has lef the tran ition zone The tr aier zone b gin

with the inlet v alv e of a traier an in lu es the interior of the traie

Se An ex A for the zone matr i es to as ist in deter minin avaia le eq ipment for e c me s r ed deter mination

The u e afer deter minin the avaia le me s r ement eq ipment for b th q alty an q antity , s al then as es

the p tential u cer tainty an bias that exists (se Section 13)

Becau e the ow ner ship of the cru e oi b in gather ed can c an e an the c stod is alway s p s ed fr om the

le se tan to the tran p rtin tru k as the cru e oi p s es the tan ’s last fixed outlet flan e, ac ur ate c stod

tr an fer is extr emely imp r tant to b th the s ip er an the car rie Ther efor e, al me s r ements s al b taken

car efuly an completed to the ful satisfaction of al p rties or their authorized r epresentativ es

6.2 Production Operators

Pr od ction o er ator s s ould b r esp n ible for en u n that the oi in the tan is re d for c stod tran fe This

inv olv es ma kin s r e that the tank is isolated from pr od ction, setled, an w eather ed An fre w ater on the

b tom of the tan s ould b dr ained to en ur e that there are at le st 4 in of cle ran e b low the sales outlet of

the tan The s sp n ed S& W s ould also b c ec ed to en ure that it is b low the ac e ta le lmits Howev er,

ac iev in these con ition may not alw ay s b p s ible d e to ex es iv e pr od ction an lmited stor age tan s

When con ition do not alow for tan isolation, pr op r setln , w eather i g of the cru e oi, an ver ification of

exist, the pr od ction o er ator s al en ur e that the fr ee w ater has b en dr ained to an ac e ta le lev el b low the

sales outlet of the tan b for e the tru k is disp tc ed to the le se to pic up the lo d

6.3 Crude Oi Truck Driv er s

The COTD s ould b r esp n ible for o tainin me s r ement an testin the oi pr ior to, d r i g, or afer the

lo din pr oces an doc mentin the information on the ru tic et Detectin an re or tin defectiv e or

inadeq ate contr ol con ition , s c as dents, setln , or le k , s ould b completed by the COTD The API

MPMS cov er s in iv id al proced r es for sa mpln , temp rature deter mination, gau in , an q alty testin This

stan ard alow s for the integration of these pr oced r es into a seq en e that can b a pled d r i g c stod

tr an fer of cr ude oi fr om le se tan s to a tan tru k u in alter nate me s r ement method

This stan ard as umes t hat the eq ipment av aia le for u e is in taled, calbr ated, an maintained to an

ac ce t able lev el b sed on man fac t urer’s recommen at ion an in u try b st pr actices The folowin section

pr esent in talation, calbr ation, an maintenan e con ider ation w hen the eq ipment is introd ced in the

me s r ement zones Con ult the a plca le API MPMS stan ar ds for ad itional infor mation r egardin

r eq irements for sp cific devices

The deter mination of mer chanta le oi by the a plcation of this stan ar d may car ry con ition that req ir e sp cial

car e an con ider ation For in tan e, d r i g star t-up of new pr od ction le ses, the flow s may ex e d av aia le

tan stor age ca acities to the efect of pr esentin o er ational con tr aint lmits that do not alow the oi to me t

pr op r l setled con ition Ad itionaly , hig H

2

S levels may present con ition that restrict or pr ev ent pr od cer s

from physicaly gau in an sampln their r esp ctiv e le se tan s, p r man al gau in method For these

con ition , ad itional me s r ements method an pr actices s al b con ider ed for deter minin oi

mer chanta i ty pr ior to lo din

Un er stan in w ater lev els in tan s is a k ey comp nent in le se tan lo d o er ation The cle ran e b twe n the

b tom of the tan outlet pip an the to of the fr ee water an sediment lev el s ould b ≥ in pr ior to an d rin

the lo din proces

If state or other eg lation sp cify a cle ran e lev el > in the a plca le minimum cle r an e lev el s al a ply

The cru e oi tran fer red may have fur ther sp cification or req ir ements p n in a plca le contr acts b twe n

the p rties an receiv in pip lne tar ifs In the ev ent pip lne tran p r tation (destination ) is inv olved, al cru e oi

tran fer red s ould b r eviewed for me tin the q alty req irements of the a plca le tr an p r tin pip lne as set

out in the a plca le tarif/r ules an r eg lation

Traier s hav e the a i ty to pr ovide q antity infor mation if pr op r l config r ed Hor i ontal tan s can b stra p d or

w ater dr aw n in ac or dan e w ith in u try stan ar ds an therefor e can pr ov ide in r emental v olumes u in man al

an / or automatic tan gau es (A TGs) Tr aier s may also hav e temp rature sen or s mou ted inter nal to the traier

to pr ov ide ac ur ate w eted temp r atur es of the lq id

The calbr ation/ v er ification of the automatic eq ipment u ed in the tr aier zone mig t req ir e the u e of the man al

method of gau in the volume of pr od ct in the tr aier an comp r i g it to the tr aier A TG r eadin The man al

gau in of a stra p d horizontal traier (e.g API MPMS Cha ter 2.2E an Cha ter 2.2F) is not ad res ed in this

stan ard Calbration/v er ification of onb ar d tr aier A TGs mig t also b ac ompls ed u in a lq id fi calbration

pr oced r e or a master met er method (e.g API MPMS Cha ter 4.5 an Cha ter 4.9.2 an A PI Stan ar d 2 5 )

The u er s ould con ult the a plca le stan ar d for pr oces an fr eq en y for w hatev er pr oced r e is u ed to

calbrate/ v er ify traier-mou ted me s r ement eq ipment

In or der for volume me s r ements fr om the traier to b u ed, it s al have a ca acity ta le cr eated u in

a pr opr iate API stan ar ds The A TG system s al u e the ca acity ta le or in rements for that sp cific traier

w hen calc latin v olume Toler an es s al me t the A PI stan ar d u ed for calbr ation of the tr aier tan an

s ould pro er l ad res de dw ood, slo e or tit, p sition of the ATG device, an other ph sical pr op r ties s c as

den ity, temp rature, an pr es ur e It s ould b noted that, if the A TG s stem is in taled in the tan center

lon itu inaly , an cor rection for tit may b u neces ary if the tr aier tan is on lev el gr ou d Temp r ature

sen or s in or por ated into the A TG s al me t ac ur ac r eq ir ements in ac or dan e with API MPMS Cha ter 7.3

A lthou h traier zone me s r ements may pr esent hig er levels of u cer tainty , they may pr ovide ac e ta le

me s r ements in extr eme or hars con ition s c as hig H

2

S or lv e pr od ction s enar ios

10 Measurement Equipment for the Transition Zone

The t r a nsition zone is the area b tw een t ank a nd t r uck d r i g c st od t ran fer of c rude It sta r t s dow nst rea m of t he

outlet v alv e of t he ta nk a nd en s upst r ea m of a n inlet v alv e of a t raie Eq ipment u ed in t he t ran it ion zone

as ociated with the me s r ement s ould b maintained in ac or dan e w ith a plca le codes, r eg lation , an

A PI stan ar ds

10.1.1 Dy namic Volume Determin tio

It may b p s ible to determine the v olume of oi lo ded from a tan to a t raier u in an in-lne mete The c oice

of the in-lne meter is up to the u e how ev er , there ar e man factor s that can have a sig ificant efect on the

ac ur ac of an in-lne meter w hen me s r i g a lo d v olume These factor s ar e dis u sed in detai in the

a pr opr iate meterin section of API MPMS Cha ter 5 These efects ne d to b taken into ac ou t when

deter minin the ac ur ac of an in-lne meter to deter mine the v olume of oi lo ded onto a tr aie

In-lne meter i g is recommen ed to b p rfor med dow nstr eam of a pump This is to en ur e that the meter

r emain ful at al times d rin flow (i.e no cavitation at the meter ) If the meteri g is p r for med upstr eam of a

pump, the u er s al pr ov ide data detai n the ac ur ac of the eq ipment u der p s ible cavitation con ition

If a plca le, the flow compute temp ratur e tr an mite an an other electronic eq ipment as ociated with the

me s r ement s al b maintained in ac or dan e w ith A PI MPMS Cha ter 21.2

Traier-mou ted meter s ar e s bject to adv er se con ition an hazar ds as ociated with trav el n on oi field r oad

Pr op r maintenan e of these dev ices is es ential to en ur e that the ac ur ac of the device do s not c an e over

time

Meterin of lq id hy drocar bon can b p r formed in ac or dan e w ith the a plca le stan ard, r efer en ed in

Ta le 1 Whatev er meter ty pe is c osen, it s al me t the r eq irements of the a plca le stan ard lsted in

Ta le 1

Table 1—Applc ble Sta d rd for Meter

Positive displacement meter A PI MPMS 5.2

Pr ovin of in-lne meterin s al b p rfor med ac ordin to the a plca le stan ard for that meter an p r A PI

MPMS Cha ter 4 Pr ov in req irements may ne d to b adju ted for eg latory complan e

10.1.2 Static Volume Determin tio

Eq ipment may b in or por ated with the s stem or b an exter nal hy dr ostatic tan gau e (HTG) compr i ed of

one or multiple pres ur e sen ors (se API MPMS Cha ter 3.6 an Cha ter 6.2)

10.2 Qual ty Determination

10.2.1 Ge eral

In or der for the samples to b re resentativ e, the folowin c ter ia s al b met

— The fluid s ould b mixed by either a static mixe a pump, or pipin config r ation

— The fluid s ould b flowin at a v elocity that en ur es that the fluid is wel mixed

The sa mple pr ob s ould b located an or iented as des r ib d in A PI MPMS Cha ter 8.2 If a mixer /sa mpler or

ge r pump setup has b en tested to s ow that it can pr op r l mix an sa mple the pr od ct, then the folowin

pr oced r e s ould b u ed to deter mine the q alty of the pr od ct b in lo ded onto the traie

1) Regar dles of w hether the fir st ste is deter minin the mer chanta i ty of the pr od ct uti zin an ac e ta le

device that is ca a le of in icatin the tan w ater /oi inter face level, the mer chanta i ty s al sti b c ec ed

with the in-lne mixer /sa mpler or ge r pump as mixer

Mer chanta i ty sample s ould b colected at a time to en ure that the sample b in taken re r esents the oi

at the sales tan outlet This wi b de en ent on the lo d lne volume b tween the tan outlet an the

sa mpln p int

2) On e mer chanta i ty sample(s) has b en colected, s ut down pump an close inlet valv e to traie

3) Analy e the mer chanta i ty sample(s) p r A PI MPMS Cha ter 0

4) If pr od ct is mer chanta le, contin e pumpin If pr od ct is nonmer chanta le, pr oce d p r agre ment

b tw een the p rties

5) Colect the fir st S&W sa mple at a pr oximately ¼ of the way into the lo d This sample may b set aside an

analy ed w ith the secon S& W sa mple

6) Colect the API gr av ity sample at a proximately half way thr ou h the lo d

7) Analy e API gravity p r API MPMS Cha ter 9

8) Colect the secon S&W sample at a proximately ¾ of the way into the lo d

9) Analy e S& W sa mples p r A PI MPMS Cha ter 10

a) A t a minimum, the samples colected in ste s 5 an 8 s ould b analy zed for the lo d S&W

b) In or der to get a mor e ac ur ate av er age S& W, it mig t b b neficial to colect an analy e ad itional

sa mples

10) Recor d S&W, API gr av ity , o ser v ed temp rature, an tan b toms, if av aia le, on a ru tic et

10.2.2 In-ln Mix r a d Sampler

If static or dy namic mixin is b in con ider ed, the man factur er s ould b con ulted as to its desig an

a plcation The man factur er of the sa mpln system s ould b con ulted to en ur e that the sampln s stem is

desig ed pr op r ly A system v er ification s ould b p r for med on sampln s stems afer it is in taled to

deter mine the u cer tainty as ociated w ith the sampln sy stem Se API MPMS Cha ter 8.2 for cr ude

c ar acter i tic that can afect mixin

Due to normal pumpin arr an ements u in a tru k traier pump, a v ac um is lkely at the sample p int, not

alow in a sample to flow fr om sa mple p int It is neces ary to hav e a minimal p sitiv e pres ur e to d v e a sample

from the sa mple p r t The folow in pr oced re en ures that b th the b c pres ur e is hig enou h to o tain a

sa mple an the v elocity is hig enou h to mix the sample

1) Place a spi container u der the sample valv e

2) Whie pumpin , o en the sample v alve

3) If pr od ct flow s from sa mple valv e, pr oce d to ste 5

4) If pr od ct do s not flow, in re se b c pr es ur e by p r tialy closin inlet valv e on tr aier pump u ti pr od ct

flow s from sa mple v alv e

5) Alow enou h pr od ct to flow thr ou h sample v alve to ble d the sample lne, then close sample valv e

6) Ac uire a sample in a container that is a pr opriate for the analy sis to b p r for med

7) Fi sample colection container to desir ed level

8) Close sample v alve

9) Fuly o en inlet valv e on traie

10.2.3 Usin Ge r Pump a Mix r

The u e of a ge r pump a s a method of mixin the stre m s ould b con ider ed w hen deter minin a sample

p int Samples tak en directly down tre m of a ge r pump can b r epresentativ e if the location of the sample ta

is in taled an tested p r A PI MPMS Cha ter 8.2

Ver ification of the sample system s al b p r formed to en ur e that t he pro e’s locat ion an mix in is adeq at e

When man aly pul n a sample dow nstr eam of a ge r pump, u e the folowin proced r e.

1) Place a spi container u der the sample valv e

2) Whie pumpin , o en the sample v alve

3) If pr od ct flow s fr om sa mple v alve, alow enou h pr od ct to flow thr ou h sample valv e to ble d the sample

lne, then close sample v alve

4) Ac uire a sample in a container that is a pro riate for the analy sis to b p r for med

5) Fi sample colection container to desir ed level

6) Close sample v alve

If a ge r pump setup has b en tested to s ow that it can pr op r l mix an sample the prod ct, then the folow in

pr oced r e s ould b u ed to deter mine the q alty of pr od ct b in lo ded onto the traie

If the mer chanta i ty of the pr od ct is deter mined u in the A TGs that in icate the w ater /oi inter face level, the

mer chanta i ty s al b c ec ed w ith the ge r pump mixer /sa mple The mer chanta i ty sample s ould b

colected at a time to en ur e that the sample b in taken r epr esents the oi at the sales tan outlet This wi b

de en ent on the lo d lne v olume b tw een the tan outlet an the sampln p int

1) On e mer chanta i ty sample(s) has b en colected, s ut down pump an close inlet valv e to tr aie

2) Analy e the mer chanta i ty sample(s) p r A PI MPMS Cha ter 0

3) If pr od ct is mer chanta le, contin e pumpin

4) Colect the fir st S&W sa mple at a pr oximately ¼ of the way into the lo d This sample may b set aside an

analy ed w ith the secon S& W sa mple

5) Colect the gravity sample at a pr oximately half way thr ou h the lo d

6) Analy e pr od ct gr av ity p r A PI MPMS Cha ter 9

7) Colect the secon S&W sample at a proximately ¾ of the way into the lo d

8) Analy e S& W sa mples p r A PI MPMS Cha ter 10

a) The p r ties may agr ee to mor e than tw o samples, but at a minimum, the sa mples colected in ste s 4 an

7 s ould b analy ed for the lo d S&W

b) In or der to get a mor e ac ur ate av er age S& W, it mig t b b neficial to colect an analy e ad itional

sa mples

9) Recor d S&W, API gr av ity , o ser v ed temp rature, an tan b toms, if av aia le, on a ru tic et

10.2.4 Temperature Determin tio

A n in-lne temp rature ma y b recorded to deter mine the temp rature of the fluid lo ded onto the tru k in

ac or dan e w ith API MPMS Cha ter 7 Tw o method may b u ed to deter mine the av er age temp r atur e

thr ou hout the lo d

1) Use an electr onic av eragin ther mometer thr ou hout the entire lo d.

2) Aver age thre flowin temp ratur es taken at a proximately ¼, ½, an ¾ of the way into the lo d The

o ser v ed temp rature taken in ste 7 from Section 10.2.1 s al not b u ed in this aver age

Recor d the fluid temp r ature deter mined a ove on a ru tic et

Within the tank zone ther e ar e man w ay s to o tain the pr op r me s r ements ne ded for c stod tr an fe This

section ad r es es some of these method but is not ex lu ive of other method that can b u ed A TG sy stems

ar e an o tion for me s r ement in the tan zone A TG systems ar e ca a le of me s r i g the lev el, inter face, an

temp rature of the pr od ct in the tan Another method of me s r ement of lq id hydrocar bon in ver tical

cylin r i al storage tan s is by HTG systems With HTG systems, the v olume is deriv ed from the lq id mas or

lev els, calc lated u in the me s r ed pres ur es an den ities an the tan ca acity ta les

In or der for volume me s r ements fr om the tan to b u ed, the tan s al have a ca acity ta le cre ted u in

a pr opr iate API stan ar ds The tan me s r ement system s al u e the pr op r cer tified tan ca acity ta le

Toler an es s al me t A PI MPMS Cha ter 2.2 for calbration of stor age tan s an s ould pr op r l ad r es

de dwo d an p sition of the me s r ement system an other physical pr op rties s c as den ity , temp r atur e,

an pr es ur e Temp r atur e sen or s in or por ated into the me s r ement system s al me t ac ur ac an

placement r eq ir ements in ac or dan e with API MPMS Cha ter 7

Static me s r ement of lq id is ac ompls ed u in automated lev el (gau in ) deter mination The v olume or

ma ss delv er ed is a fu ction of the lq id’s phy sical pro er ties, temp r atur e, pr es ur e, or the me s r ed or

calc lated den ity cor rected for nonmer chanta le comp nents as w el as the tank str ap in ta le

1 3 T ank Cal bration

For static me s r ement, the tan ge metry s al b r ela ly k own For in tan e, pr ecise tan circ mfer en e an

heig t are c tical in deter minin lq id v olumes an the develo ment of ca acity ta les for c stod tr an fer

tr an action an in entory control API MPMS Cha ter 2 pr ov ides me s r ement an computational pr oced res

for the dev elo ment of ca acity ta les Al s c me s r ements s ould b witnes ed by al p r ties inv olv ed to

en ur e complan e w ith the pr oced r e outlned in the stan ar d an ov er al me s r ement integrity

1 4 Automatic T ank Ga ging Systems

This section cov er s, in general, lev el me s r ement of lq id hy dr ocar bon in stationary , a ov egr ou d,

atmospher i le se tan s u in ATGs It also dis u ses automatic tan gau in in gener al an ac ur acy,

in talation, commis ionin , calbr ation, an v erification of A TGs that me s r e either in age or ulage Befor e

c o sin to in tal an u e an A TG system, r efer en e s ould b made to API MPMS Cha ter 3.1B for detais

1 4.2 Safety

A ll A TGs s al b ca a le of w ith tan in the pr es ur e, temp rature, an other en ironmental con ition lkely to

b en ou ter ed in serv ice

A ll A TGs s al b se led to with tan the v ap r pr es ure of lq id in the tan

Man al tan gau in can b as ociated w ith exp s re to immediately dan er ou v ap r s Worker s s ould b

fa mi ar w ith al gover nment an comp n safety proced r es for tan gau in as w el as API Recommen ed

Pr actice 2 0

When an ATG is v er ified or calbr ated by man al gau in , the man al gau in s ould b done in ac or dan e w ith

A PI MPMS Cha ter 3.1A

A TGs s al afor d s ficient dynamic resp n e time in or der to r ela ly tr ac lq id lev els ev en d r i g maximum

r ates of tan fi in or empt y in Even so, distur ban es to lq id s r faces cau ed by ed ies an c r rents s al b

con idered as they can ad er sely afect r eadin s For o timum res lts, static r eadin s ar e r ecommen ed

1 4.4 Ge eral Pre a tio s

The folowin general me s r ement pr ecaution afect the ac ur ac an p r for man e of al ty pes of ATGs They

s ould b o serv ed w here they ar e a plca le

a) Tan temp rature s ould b me s r ed at the same time the tan lev el is me s r ed The tan temp r atur e

s ould b r epresentative of the tan contents in ac or dan e with A PI MPMS Cha ter 7

b) L vel me s r ements s ould b r ecor ded as so n as they are tak en, u les the remote re dout eq ipment of

the A TG system automaticaly r ecor ds the lev els p riodicaly

c) The sa me pr oced r es s ould b u ed to me s r e a tan level b for e the pr od ct tr an fer (o enin gau e)

an afer the prod ct tran fer (closin gau e)

d) Al p rts of the ATG in contact w ith the pr od ct or its v ap r s ould b comp tible w ith the pr od ct to avoid

b th pr od ct contamination an A TG cor rosion The ATG s ould b desig ed to me t the o eratin

con ition

e) Refer to API MPMS Cha ter 3.1A for g idan e on setln time b for e tan lev els are me s r ed

f ATGs s ould pr ovide sec r ity to pr event u author i ed adju tment or ta mp ri g ATGs u ed in c stod

tran fer a plcation s ould pr ovide faci ties to alow se ln for calbr ation adju tment

1 4.5 Data Acq isitio

Ther e ar e multiple dev ices av aia le to ca tur e the lev el in ication from a mea sur ement s stem an pr ov ide a

v is al or pr i ted value in a safe location for in lu ion on a c stod tran fer r ep r t The folowin clau es provide

r ecommen ation for the sp cification of the commu ication b twe n lev el tr an miter(s) an r eceiv er (s) an v ice

v er sa The me s r ement data pr ov ided by an A TG may in lu e other infor mat ion The A TG system s ould b

desig ed an in taled s c that the data tr an mis ion an r eceivin u it s ould:

a) not compr omise the rela i ty of the me s r ements tak en; the difer en e b tw een the lev el re din s

display ed by the remote receivin u it an the level r eadin s display ed (or me s r ed) by the A TG at the tank

s ould comply with A PI MPMS Cha ter 3.1B;

b) not compr omise the r esolution of the me s r ement output sig al;

c) pr ovide pr op r sec r ity an pr otection of the me s r ed data to en ur e their integ ty ;

d) pr ovide adeq ate sp ed to me t the update time r eq ired for the receiv in u it;

e) b electr omag eticaly immu e

1 5 Hydrostatic T ank Gauging

This section pr ov ides gener al g idan e for the me s r ement of lq id hy dr ocarb n in ver tical cy lin r i al le se

tan s by HTG systems for u e in the c stod tr an fer of hydrocar bon fluid This ty pe of s stem u es hig

-pr ecision, ther maly sta le, an calbr ated pres ur e tr an d cer s s ita le for the me s r ement a plcation When

u in this pr actice for c stod tran fer, a r efer ral s ould b made to API MPMS Cha ter 16.2 for sp cific

r eq irements Volume is derived fr om the lq id mas or lev els, calc lated u in the me s r ed pr es ur es an

den ities an the tank ca acity ta le In ivid al comp nents u ed in derivin the volume, s c as den ity , can b

calc lated u in the esta ls ed in u try stan ard for inv entory calc lation

In ad ition, a fr ee water /cle r an e lev el tec nolog can b in taled in the same config r ation as HTGs

1 5.2 Safety

Safety an material comp tibi ty pr ecaution s ould b t aken when u in HTG eq ipmen Man fac t urer’s

r ecommen ation on the u e an in talation of the eq ipment s ould b folowed User s s ould comply with al

a plca le codes an r eg lation , API stan ard , an the National Electr i Code

1 5.3 Temperature Me s reme t

Temp r atur e me s r ements ar e v ery imp r tant in an HTG s stem to ac ou t for v ary in env ir onmental

con ition Temp r atur e can hav e an efect on the folow in :

— calc lation of the volumetr i exp n ion of the tan s el;

— calc lation of the refer en e den ity fr om o ser v ed den ity (u ed in HTG s stems that calc late level an

den ity as w el as v olume); if the refer en e den ity is k ow n an a mid le pres ur e sen or is not u ed, the

temp rature sen or mig t sti b r eq ired for the o serv ed den ity calc lation

A mbient temp rature can hav e an efect on the folowin :

— calc lation of ambient air den ity ,

— calc lation of the volumetr i exp n ion of the tank s el,

— cor rection for ther mal exp n ion of the p sitionin of pr es ur e sen or s

1 5.4 Hy drostatic Ta k Ga gin Sy stem Pro e s r

A pr oces or receives data fr om the v ar iou output sig als an tran d cer s, then a ples those data in the

calc lation of lq id level u in tan ta les It also u es the data together w ith the tan an lq id p r ameters to

compute the volume of inv entory in the stor age tan The stor ed p r ameters fal into four gr oups: tan data,

sen or data, lq id data, an ambient data The p r ameter s that ar e r eq ired by the a plcation s ould b

pr ogr ammed into the HTG system pr oces o If a mid le pr es ur e sen or is in taled, den ity can no lon er b

me s r ed by the HTG system w hen the pr od ct level dr ops b low the lev el of a mid le pr es ur e sen or Below

the mid le pr es ur e sen or, the last me s r ed v alue of pr od ct den ity is u ed The pr oces or may b dedicated

to a sin le tan , s ared amon sev er al tan s, or b a p r ta le dev ice car ried b twe n tan s The pr oces or may

also p r for m lne r i ation an / or temp r atur e comp n ation cor rection for the pr es ure sen or s The tank

gau in pr oces or may b in or por ated with the system or b an exter nal one Refer to API MPMS Cha ter 16.2

for ad itional infor mation on pr oces or s