Tiêu chuẩn iso tr 18690 2012

© ISO 2012 Guidance for the selection, use and maintenance of safety and occupational footwear and other personal protective equipment offering foot and leg protection Lignes directrices pour la sélec[.]

© ISO 2012

Guidance for the selection, use and maintenance of safety and occupational footwear and other personal protective equipment offering foot and leg protection

Lignes directrices pour la sélection, l’utilisation et l’entretien des chaussures de protection et de loisirs ainsi que tout autre équipement

de protection personnelle des pieds et des jambes

Second edition2012-12-15

Reference numberISO/TR 18690:2012(E)

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2012

All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the

address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.

ISO copyright office

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``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword iv

1 Scope 1

2 Normative references 1

3 Terms and definitions 1

4 Design, construction and classification 1

5 Marking of categories 3

5.1 Personal protective equipment — Safety footwear 3

5.2 Personal protective equipment — Occupational footwear 5

5.3 Other markings 6

6 Selection of PPE footwear 6

6.1 Risk assessment 6

6.2 Ergonomic features 10

7 Use of PPE footwear 11

7.1 Mechanical hazards 11

7.2 Guidance on the reduction of slip hazards 12

7.3 Chemical hazards 14

7.4 Electrical hazards 15

7.5 Risks of inimical environment (hot and cold) 16

7.6 Dry and warm conditions 16

7.7 Wet conditions 16

7.8 Job-related footwear 17

7.9 Orthopaedic footwear 19

8 Maintenance of PPE footwear 19

8.1 Tests 19

8.2 Cleaning and care 21

8.3 Maintenance 22

Bibliography 23

Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=University of Alberta/5966844001, User=sharabiani, shahramfs

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies) The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards Draft International

Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting

Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies

casting a vote

In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from

that which is normally published as an International Standard (‘state of the art’, for example), it may

decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report A Technical

Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are

considered to be no longer valid or useful

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

ISO/TR 18690 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee

CEN/TC 161, Foot and leg protectors, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal

safety — Protective clothing and equipment, Subcommittee SC 3, Foot protection, in accordance with the

agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement)

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 18690:2006), which has been

technically revised

iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -Guidance for the selection, use and maintenance of safety and occupational footwear and other personal protective equipment offering foot and leg protection

1 Scope

This Technical Report provides guidance for the selection, use and maintenance of personal protective equipment and safety and occupational footwear It is intended for footwear manufacturers and suppliers, employers and self-employed people, safety engineers and other users This Technical Report also provides guidance for preparing national guidance in this area

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies

ISO 20345, Personal protective equipment — Safety footwear

ISO 20347, Personal protective equipment — Occupational footwear

a way that they cannot be removed without damaging it

Table 1 — Classification of footwear

polymeric foot section and a leg shaft area of leather or other materials

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

A

4

5 8 7

Figure 1 — Example of parts of Strobel construction

Figure 2 — Designs of footwear

5 Marking of categories

5.1 Personal protective equipment — Safety footwear

5.1.1 Basic requirements

Safety footwear is fitted with safety toecaps and complies with the basic requirements given in Table 2

of ISO 20345:2011 It can incorporate one or more additional protective features to protect the wearer from injuries that could arise through accidents in the working sectors for which the footwear is designed Safety toecaps meet the requirements of impact resistance at an energy level of 200 J and the requirements of compression resistance at a compression load of 15 kN

The marking symbol for basic requirements is SB

5.1.2 Additional requirements

Additional protective features are presented in Table 2

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -Table 2 — Additional symbols for safety footwear

Electrical resistance

Resistance to inimical environments

5.1.3 Marking of categories of safety footwear

Tables 3 and 4 categorize safety footwear with the most widely used combinations of basic and additional

requirements

Table 3 — Class I: safety footwear made from leather and other materials

SB

S1

Closed seat region Antistatic footwear Energy absorption of seat region Fuel oil resistance

Cleated outsole

``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -Table 4 — Class II: all-rubber or all-polymeric safety footwear

SBS4 Antistatic footwear Energy absorption of seat region

fuel oil resistance

5.2.2 Additional requirements

Additional protective features are presented in Table 5

Table 5 — Additional symbols for occupational footwear

Electrical resistance

Resistance to inimical environments

Cleated outsole

5.2.3 Marking of categories of occupational footwear

Tables 6 and 7 categorize protective footwear with the most widely used combinations of basic and additional requirements

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -Table 6 — Class I: occupational footwear made from leather and other materials

OBO1 Closed seat region Antistatic footwear

Energy absorption of seat region

Water penetration and water absorptionO3 As OPenetration resistance 2 plus:

Cleated outsole

Table 7 — Class II: all-rubber or all-polymeric occupational footwear

OBO4 Antistatic footwear Energy absorption of seat region

Cleated outsole

5.3 Other markings

All safety and occupational footwear should be marked with:

a) size;

b) manufacturer’s identification mark;

c) manufacturer’s type designation;

d) year of manufacture and at least quarter;

e) number of the International Standard, e.g ISO 20345:2011;

f) symbol(s) from Table 2 appropriate to the protection provided or, where applicable, the appropriate category

The markings for e) and f) should be adjacent to one another

6 Selection of PPE footwear

6.1 Risk assessment

6.1.1 General

Statistics show that slip is the most common hazard in most workplaces Slip resistance should therefore

be the first property to be considered when selecting footwear as PPE

Employers and self-employed people should assess the risks from their work activities Every effort should be made to reduce risks to a minimum before considering the use of PPE If the risks cannot be eliminated by other methods, personal protective equipment should be used It is important to select the correct type of PPE footwear in respect of the risk The protection required in the work place determines the type of footwear to be chosen The properties of PPE Footwear can be combined to provide protection against more than one hazard, for example footwear can have a toe cap and be slip resistant

``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -Prior to the selection and use of PPE footwear or leg protector the employer should assess the working conditions, especially the type and extent of the hazards, duration of the hazard and personal requisites

of the wearer

6.1.2 Risk analysis

Generally, exposure to health and safety risks is always present in work activities Therefore, the implementation of collective protection systems is required, and when the residual risk cannot be avoided and/or reduced, PPE has to be used

Before selecting and using safety or occupational footwear, the employer should carefully evaluate the working conditions, including:

— risk type and nature;

— risk duration and frequency;

— individual features of the worker to be protected

In this context, the human factor-related risk is of particular importance The term encompasses all risk factors connected with the worker’s psycho-physical state, incapacity, recklessness, lack of training and,

in general, behaviour that is inappropriate in the work context The absence of theoretical and practical training, as well as the inability to handle certain work situations, are the most frequent human factor-related causes of accidents Human factor-related risks at work should be duly analysed so as to be subsequently eliminated and/or reduced

6.1.3 Types of risk

In his work activities, the worker is exposed to residual risks of various natures, which can be eliminated

or reduced to an acceptable level The elimination or reduction of such risks should be performed through the implementation of suitable safety footwear which should always be correctly used and maintained, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, within qualitative limits that do not compromise the protective characteristics of the footwear and in accordance with its intended use, so as not to incur further risks derived from the footwear itself

Risks covered by the use of safety footwear:

— mechanical;

— electrical;

— thermal;

— chemical

Risks resulting from the use of inappropriate or damaged safety footwear:

— discomfort, interference with work activities;

— accidents and health risks;

— insufficient protection, etc

6.1.4 Exposure to risks

Risk assessment should be able to identify the presence, at any time throughout the work day, of serious health risks, that is risks that may incur death or permanent health damage and of which the worker may not be opportunely aware, as well as any other health and safety risks

Copyright International Organization for Standardization

``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -The exposure to risks at any time, throughout the work day and in particular to risks incurring death or permanent health damage and of which the worker is not opportunely aware, should be null or limited

In cases where such collective means do not ensure the prevention and/or reduction of health and safety risks to an acceptable level, suitable safety footwear or, in general, suitable PPE, should be used

Work activities should be performed by qualified, informed and trained personnel, while the presence

of unauthorized individuals should be avoided Particular attention should be paid to risks connected with the human factor

Figure 3 shows the methodology of identification, elimination and reduction of specific occupational risks.Moreover, the PPE should:

— be suitable for the risks to be prevented, without constituting an additional risk itself;

— be suitable for the conditions in the workplace;

— be adequate to the worker’s ergonomic or health requirements;

— be adaptable to the user’s needs

In the case of multiple risks requiring a simultaneous use of more PPE, such equipment should be compatible and should maintain its individual efficacy in the face of respective risks

NOTE 1 The methodological diagram is valid for the assessment of one specific risk only

NOTE 2 The phrase ‘Danger identification and risk analysis’ includes the techniques of danger assessment and risk analysis that provide reliable results

collective protection equipment’ can be performed both in parallel and in a series, and with an exchange of information

``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -Figure 3 — General methodological diagram indicating the fundamental phases of danger identification, risk analysis, elimination, replacement, selection and adoption of protective

measures 6.1.6 Aid for risk assessment

The use of every item of footwear and leg protection should depend on the type of expected hazard (see Table 8) Although the types of hazard are known, it cannot be predicted when they actually occur.Prior to selection and use the employer should perform an assessment of the foot and leg protection he/she has in mind to determine whether they:

a) are type tested (labelled with the appropriate symbol and other markings);

b) offer protection against the hazards to be averted without inherently presenting a greater hazard;c) are suitable for the relevant workplace conditions;

d) fulfil the ergonomic requirements and the health requisite of the wearer;

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``,,,``,,`,```,,,,`,```,```,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,` -e) can be adapted to the individual wearer.

The employer should ensure that every wearer is provided with his/her personal foot or leg protection

for his/her personal use

Table 8 — Examples of risk assessment Hazard in the working

environment

(expected hazard)

Occurrence of the risk Degree of risk

and exposure time

(h/day)

Protective feature

of the footwear None Rare Every now and then Often

Mechanical hazards

— falling objects

— compression

toecap metatarsal protection ankle protection

— cut (by

sharp objects or

chain saw)

cut resistance resistance to chain saw cutting

— vibration or shock

(long-term walking and standing) energy absorption of seat region

slip resistance (coefficient of friction)

Electrical hazards

— electrical work (electric

shock, electric arc)

electrical insulation

— induced electricity

(han-dling fuels or flammable

insulation against heat resistance to hot contact resistance to radiant heat Cold

— chemicals

description of chemicals

used:(trade name, chemical

formula, report of safe use)

resistance to chemicals impermeability leakproofness

6.2 Ergonomic features

6.2.1 General

While selecting PPE footwear, an optimal protection in respect of ergonomic features should be taken

into account Over-protection should be avoided Ergonomic features of the footwear for example mass,

rigidity of soling, water-vapour permeability should be considered,