Tiêu chuẩn iso ts 19883 2017

© ISO 2017 Safety of pressure swing adsorption systems for hydrogen separation and purification Système d’adsorption modulée en pression pour la séparation et la purification de l’hydrogène TECHNICAL[.]

Safety ofpressure swing adsorption

purification

S stème d’adsorption modulée en pre ssion p ur la sép ration et la

p rification de l’h dro ène

Refer ence n mb r

ISO/TS 1 8 3:2 17(E)

Fir t edition

2 17-0

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2017, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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the r eq eser

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C de Blan on et 8 • C 4 1

CH-1 14 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerlan

Tel + 12 7 9 011

Fax 412 7 9 0 4

F reword i v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitions 2

4 Basic specification 3

4.1 Feed s r eam pr es ur e 3

4.2 Wor king temperatur e 4

4.3 A ssembly 4

4.4 Mate ial pr ope ties 4

4.4.1 Feed str eam pr es ur e 4

4.4.2 Wor king temperatur e 4

5 S fety r equirements of the PSA system 4

5.1 General hazar ds as ociated with the PSA sys em 4

5.1.1 General hazar dsas ociated with hydr og en gas 4

5.1.2 General hazar dsas ociated with sys em leakag e 4

5.1.3 Hazar ds r elated to pr es ur e 4

5.1.4 Hazar ds r elated to ig nition of hydr og en 5

5.2 Safety spe ifications in the field 5

5.2.1 General hazar ds 5

5.2.2 La yout considerations 5

5.2.3 Buiding s an ventiation 5

5.2.4 Ex plosion-proof ar ea an ex plosion-pr oof g rade 6

5.2.5 Ele tr ostatic g r oun ing 7

5.2.6 Flamma le an to ic gas dete tion alarm 7

5.3 Safety spe ifications of eq ipment and piping 8

5.3.1 General spe ification 8

5.3.2 Safety spe ifications of adsor be s 8

5.3.3 Safety spe ifications of the bufe tan 9

5.3.4 Safety spe ifications of proc s contr ol v lves 9

5.3.5 Safety spe ifications of piping 9

5.3.6 Safety considerations for o erations an maintenanc 1

5.3.7 Safety spe ifications of inspe tion an tes 1

5.3.8 Safety spe ifications of ele trical eq ipment 1

5.3.9 Safety spe ifications of monitoring devic s 1

A nne x A (informative) Example of potential locations of rel ef val ves 14

Biblog raphy 15

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ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

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as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www iso org iso/ for word html

This document was pr p r d b Te h ical Committ ee ISO/TC 1 7, Hydro en techn lo ies

Safety ofpr essure swing adsorption systems for hydrog en

1 Sc ope

This document identifies safety measur s an a plca le design featur s that ar used in the design,

commis ioning, and o e ation of pr s ur swing adsorption sy st ems for hydrog en sep ration an

purif ication It a ples t o hydrog en pr s ur swing adsorption sy st ems that proc s al kin s of impur

hydrog en s r ams as fe d, inclu ing b th s ationary an skid-mou t ed pr s ur swing adsorption

sy st ems for hydrog en separation an purification in comme cial or in us rial use This document

also a ples t o smal-scale PSA hydrog en sy st em ins al ed within containe s, w he e alowed b local

r gulations

The sco eof this document inclu es the eq ipment depict ed within the dashed lnesin Figur 1

Figure 1 — Example of ty ical equipment in PSA sy stem for hy rog en separatio and

purificatio

2 Normati ve r efer enc es

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

ISO 41 6-1, S fet y dev ic es fr protec tion a ains t exc es s i ve pr s s ur — Part 1: S fet y v lves

ISO 1 1 4-1, G as cylnde s — Comp tibi t y o cylnde a d v lve mate ials w ith g s c ontents — Part 1:

Metal c mate ial s

ISO 1 1 4- 2, G as cylnde s — Comp tibi t y o cylnde a d v lve mate ials w ith g s c ontent — Part 2 :

No -metal c materials

ISO 1 1 4-4, Tra s porta le g s cylnde s - Comp tibi t y o cylnde a d v lve mate ial s w ith g s

c ontents — Part 4 : Tes t meth ds fr selec tin metal c mate ials r s i s ta t to h dro en embrit lement

IEC 6 0 9-0, Ex plos i ve atmos phe es — Part 0: Eq ipment — G ene al r q ir ment

IEC 6 0 9-1 -1, Ex plos i ve atmos phe es — Part 10-1: Clas s ific atio o ar as — Ex plos ive g s atmos phe es

IEC 6 0 9-14, Ex plos i ve atmos phe es — Part 14 : Elec tric al ins talatio s des ig , s elec tio a d e ec tion

IEC 6 2 4-1, S fet y o machine y — Elec tric al eq ipment o machines — Part 1: G ene al r q ir ments

IEC 6 5 9, Degr es o protec tio prov ided b enclos ur s (IP Code)

IEC 6 3 4-4, L w-v lta e elec tric al ins talatio s — Part 4 : Protec tio fr s afet y

NFPA 5 , Sta dard fr Fir a d Ex plos ion Preventio durin Clea in a d P urgin o Flamma le G as

Pipin Sys tems

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the fol owing t erms and def initionsa ply

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www ele tro edia org

— ISO Onlnebrow sing plat orm:a ai a le at ht p:/ www iso org o p

3.1

pres ure swing adsorptio meth d

PSA meth d

g s separation method that takes adv ntag e of the sele tive adsorption of a sol d ads orbent (3.5) for

dife ent g ses an the a i ity of sold adsorbent t o adsorb mor impurities at high pr s ur an t o

r je t impurities at low pr s ur

Not e 1to entry: PSA, as practiced commer ial y, is a b tch proces utilizing multiple adsorb nt-lo ded ves els for

the contin ous p rif ication of a g s stre m

3.2

v acuum pres ure swing adsorptio

sy st em for hydrog en separation an purif ication that r les on desorption at sub-atmosphe ic pr s ur

(achieved with v cu m pumps) t o impro e the pe formanc of the sy st em

3.3

pres ure swing adsorptio sy stem for h drog en separatio and purificatio

hydrog en g ene ation sy st em that sep rat es an purifies hydrog en from an impur hydrog en s r am

through the pr s ur swing adsorption proc s

3.4

adsorber

ves el in w hich the ads orbent (3.5) used for hydrog en separation an purification is contained, w hich

can be ve tical ves els

3.5

adsorbent

sold mat erials used t o adsorb g s impurities from the impur hydrog en s r ams, the eb r al zing the

separation of the hydrog en from the othe g ses

3.6

proces co trol valves

o e ational devic s that can o en or close t o r gulat e flow in r sp nse t o a signal from the c ontrol

sys tem (3.7)

3.7

co trol sy stem

sy st em that pe forms o e ations such as o ening an closing proc es s c ontrol v lves (3.6), sy st em

troublesho ting, prod ct q alty control, or o timization of proc s p ramet ers

tai g s

g s r maining aft er the impur hydrog en mixtur is purified through the PSA syst em

Note 1t o entry: Other names for tail g s are desorb d g s, p rg g s, or of g s

3 9

statio ary PSA sy stem for hy rog en separation and p rification

PSA sy st em in w hich al eq ipment and piping ar pe manently mou t ed t o the eq ipment ou dation()

an piping sup ort s ructur

3.1

skid-mo nted PSA sy stem for hydrog en separatio and purificatio

PSA sy st em in w hich some or al of the eq ipment an piping ar aff ix ed t o one or mor skids, or

mo ea le b ses

3.1

fire separatio distance

dis anc betwe n the PSA sy st em an nearb b idin s (3.1 ) that is r q ir d in orde t o pr vent fir

from spr ading from a PSA syst em t o nearb buidings

3.12

bufe tank

ves el that r c ives the desorbed g s from the adsorbe s (3.4) (PSA sy st em) or from the v c uum p mps

(3.1 ) (VSA sy st em) an minimiz s the comp sition an pr s ur v riation of the desorbed g s

Note 1t o entry: A bufer tan may also b refer ed to as a surg drum

3.13

vacuum pump

devic used for ev cuating the adsorbe s (3.4) d ring the desorption s ag e, alowing the adsorbents (3.5)

t o be desorbed an r g ene at ed at sub-atmosphe ic pr s ur t o impro e pe formanc of a PSA sy st em

3.1

co tainer

enclosed cons ruction or bracing s ructur fa ricat ed t o a oid the efe t of spe ific environmental

an cl matic con itions, or prot ect pe sonnel an lvest ock from ac idental contact with the dang erous

comp nent of a smal hydrog en PSA sy st em

3.1

buiding

s ructur that has a ro f an wals, with the simiar function as a c ontaine (3.14) for a hydrog en PSA

sy st em or the comp nent of a hydrog en PSA sy st em

3.1

hy rog en embrit lement

degradation of metal mat erial pro e ties d e t o the pr senc of a hydrog en environment

4 Basic specification

4.1 F ed stream pres ure

PSA sy st ems for hydrog en g ene ation an purif ication ty icaly ha e fe d g s pr s ur s ranging from

0,3 MPa t o 6,0 MPa The o e ating pr s ur cycles from ful fe d g s pr s ur d ring adsorption t o

near atmosphe ic pr s ur (0,0 MPa) or v cu m (− ,09 MPa) d ring desorption

4.2 Wor king temperatur e

The normal working t empe atur is betwe n 5 °C an 40 °C for a PSA sy st em for hydrog en separation

an purif ication

4.3 A ssembl y

A PSA sy st em for hydrog en separation an purif ication can be s ationary or skid-mount ed b sed on the

en use ofthe hydrog en prod ct an on the hydrog en throughput Smal PSA sy st emsma be ins aled

within containe s, if alowed b local r gulations

4.4 Mater ial pr operties

4.4.1 Fe d stream pr es ure

Metal ic an non-metal c mat erials used in the cons ruction of int ernal or ext ernal p rt of a PSA

sy st em for hydrog en sep ration and purif ication should be suita le for al phy sical, chemical, an

the mal con itions, b th t es con itions an o e ating con itions, for the design lfetime of the

eq ipment The compatibi ity of mat erials shal be ev luat ed t o comply with ISO 1 1 4-1, ISO 1 1 4- 2,

ISO/TR 1 9 6 or local r gulations

4.4.2 Wor king temperatur e

When fe rous metal is used in a PSA syst em, adeq at e conside ation an analy sis shal be taken

ac ording t o ISO/TR 1 9 6, ISO 1 1 4-4 or the local r gulations F or the non-metal mat erials contacting

with hydrog en, the hydrog en pe mea i ity shal be conside ed

5 Safety requir ements of the PSA system

5.1 General hazards as ociated w ith the PSA system

5.1.1 General hazar ds as ociated w ith hydr og en gas

Hydrog en is colourles , odourles , an highly flamma le; it burns with a nearly invisible flame in

day light It can form an ex losive mixtur with air, an it lowe an up e ex losive l mit in air ar

4 % an 7 % (pe c nt b v lume)at atmosphe ic t empe atur an pr s ur

Hydrog en in air wi l displac o y g en an ma r sult in asphy ia if the p rtial pr s ur of o y g en in air

r d c s d e t o high hydrog en conc ntration

5.1.2 General hazar ds as ociated w ith system le kag e

Due t o it low mole ular weight an smal siz , hydrog en leaks easi y from flang es an othe sealng

surfac s (e.g vent v lves) Hydrog en is highly buo ant d e t o it low spe if ic gra ity, an it can form

larg e ar as of flamma le or ex losive g s Be ause hydrog en is colourles , the ext ent of a flamma le

ar a is not r adiy identif ia le

5.1.3 Hazards related to pr es ure

Normal pr s ur swings d ring the PSA proc s wi l cause alt ernating s r s on the adsorbe s, proc s

control v lves, an piping, w hich could lead t o c acksin the ves els or piping or t o anothe faiur mode

The faiur of hydrog en PSA eq ipment or piping can r sult in the ra id r lease of ene g d e t o the

high pr s ur of the eq ipment The r sulting shock wa e ma damag e sur ou ding eq ipment

5.1.4 Hazards related to ig nitio of h ydrog en

Ignition of hydrog en d e t o a leak t o atmosphe e from a hydrog en PSA sy st em wi l cause ene g /heat

r lease or ex losion As heat is r leased through combus ion of hydrog en, the g s within the PSA sy st em

wi ex an d et o the inc ease in ext ernal t empe atur , an the mat erial pro e ties of the PSA sy st em

ma degrade The combination of inc easing t empe atur an pr s ur an degradation of the mat erial

pro e ties could cause piping or ves el faiur

5.2 S fety specifications in the field

5.2.1 General hazar ds

F eed g ses of the PSA syst ems for hydrog en separation an purif ication inclu e syn-g sg ene at ed from

natural g s, ammonia c acking g s, co l g s, coke o en g s, ammonia tai -g s, methanol of-g s, r fine y

of-g s, et c and the hydrog en cont ent ma be mor than 2 % The o yg en cont ent in the fe d s r am

shal be r s rict ed t o ensur combus ible g ses, such as hydrog en, ar awa from their flamma le l mit

PSA hydrog en sy st ems shal be sit ed ac ording t o the r q ir ment of the a plca le national safety

s an ards an the cons ruction an mat erials r q ir ment shal be b sed on the partial pr s ur of

hydrog en PSA designs shal ac ount for al cir ums anc s that ar anticip t ed d ring the l fe of their

o e ation The PSA control sy st em should be designed t o mo e the PSA t o a safe s at e on det ection of a

faiur via the PSA control syst em

A f ir prot ection syst em shal be conside ed for a hydrog en PSA sy st em Pos ible f ir prot ection

measur s inclu e a means t o sh t down the PSA q ickly (eithe a ut omatic or man al), a sprin le

sy st em, a delug e sy st em, or a dry-chemical extinguishing syst em Smal f ir s ma be extinguished b

dry-chemical extinguishe s, carbon-dio ide extinguishe s, nitrog en, or st eam Wat er ma be used t o

co l eq ipment adjac nt t o a hydrog en f ir

5.2.2 Layout c onsideratio s

The layout of eq ipment an buidings as ociat ed with a PSA syst em for hydrog en separation an

purif ication shal conform t o local r q ir ment for f ir sep ration dis anc

When a v lve skid is designed such that the piping an v lves ar ar ang ed in multiple levels that co e

a larg e horizontal ar a, platorms cons ruct ed of st eel grating should be used t o pr vent a conf ined

sp c w he e hydrog en could bui d a flamma le atmosphe e

A PSA hydrog en sy st em ins aled within a containe shal be designed an cons ruct ed t o a oid any

r asona ly for se a le risk of fir or ex losion p sed b the sy st em it elf, or b the fe d g s, prod ct

g s, or tai g s

The containe s shal ha e the s r ngth, s a i ity, d ra i ty, r sis anc t o cor osion, an othe phy sical

pro e ties t o sup ort an prot ect al PSA hydrog en sy st em comp nent an piping C ntaine s

should also me t the r q ir ment of st orag e, transp rt, ins alation, an f inal location con itions in

ac ordanc with ISO 16 11 -1 or othe a plca le national or local r gulations

Containe s int ended for in o r use shal be designed an t est ed t o me t a minimum degr e of prot ection

of IP 2 as pe IEC 6 5 9 The PSA hydrog en sy st em used in outdo r locations shal be designed an

t est ed t o me t a minimum degr e of prot ection of IP 44 as pe IEC 6 5 9

5.2.3 Bui ding sand ventiatio

5.2.3.1 General

Smal PSA sy st ems for hydrog en separation an purification ma be enclosed within a buiding Othe

eq ipment as ociat ed with hydrog en PSA sy st ems ma be enclosed within one or mor s an alone

bui dings Ex mples inclu e v lve skids, v cu m pump for desorbed g s, control sy st ems, an analyz rs

5.2.3.2 Buiding s

Buidings shal be designed t o the a pro riat e hazardous ar a designation b sed on the p t ential for

hydrog en t o be pr sent d e t o leaks or othe br ak down (e.g Z ne 2 pe IEC 6 0 9-1 -1)

The dis anc s betwe n buidings, s ructur s an eq ipment shal comply with local r q ir ment for

fir pro f dis anc

Enclosed buidings, ifuti z d, shal be designed as ex losion-pro f ty e Alt ernat ely, for non-ex losion

pro f buidings, the ratio between the pr s ur r l ef ar a an the buiding v lume shal comply with

local r gulations The ar a used for pr s ur r lef could be a lght ro f, a wal, a do r, or a win ow

5.2.3.3 Venti atio of buiding s

Buidings shal be designed with ventiation eq ipment that is int erlocked with flamma le or t oxic g s

det ect ors

When the pro ided ventiation influenc s the ty e of ar a clas if ication, that ar a should be purg ed

with a minimum of f ive air chang es prior t o ene gizing the devic s Alt ernatively, the syst em ma be

pro ided with comp sition measur ment ca a i ties that control the amou t of purging r q ir d t o

achieve levels below 2 % of the LEL

Purging ne d not be pe formed if theatmosphe e within the comp rtment an as ociat ed d ct can be

demons rat ed b design t o be non-hazardous

Ap ro riat e methods shal be ado t ed t o pr vent non-es ential s af from ent ering buidings an

a pro ching eq ipment The main entranc shal be cons ruct ed ac ording t o a plca le spe if ications

an r gulations Fir -fighting eq ipment hal be r adi y ac es ible

Any buiding that s af can ent er shal be eq ip ed with an eme g ency exit o ening outwards Any do r

with a lat ch should be eq ip ed with a ra id u locking me hanism such that the do r can be o ened

without dela

5.2.3.4 PSA h ydrog en systems instaled within c ontainer

Containe s housing PSA hydrog en sy st ems shal be me hanical y venti at ed F ai ur of venti ation,

conf irmed b measur ment of flow, pr s ur , or the cur ent of the ventiating devic , shal trigg er an

a udible or visible alarm an ma trigg er a PSA hydrog en sy st em sh t down In sy st ems int en ed for

out do r use, containe s ma be positive pr s ur venti at ed as pe IEC 6 0 9- 2 or othe a pl ca le

code or r gulation The ma imum conc ntration of any flamma le g s in the sy st em venti ation exhaus

should bebelow 2 % of the L L d ring al o e ation con itions

5.2.4 Ex plosio -pr oof ar ea and e x plosio -proof g rade

Clas if ication of al ar as as ociat ed with the hydrog en PSA sy st em that ha e an ex losion hazard shal

comply with IEC 6 0 9-1 -1 or othe a plca le local r gulations

Out do r ar as near PSA eq ipment an wel-ventiated ar as inside buidings shal be clas ified b sed on

the p tential for hydrogen to be pr sent d e to leaks or othe br ak own (e.g Z ne 2 pe IEC 6 0 9-1 -1)

The ex losion-pro f grade of ele trical eq ipment should not be lowe than the grade an group of

ex losive hydrog en mixtur :I C T1

Ele trical eq ipment an wiring in ar as with ex losion hazard shal be sele t ed an conf igur d in

ac ordanc with IEC 6 0 9-0 and IEC 6 0 9-14 or othe a plca le local code or r gulations