Designation F2292 − 03 (Reapproved 2008) Standard Practice for Determining the Waterfastness of Images Produced by Ink Jet Printers Utilizing Four Different Test Methods—Drip, Spray, Submersion and Ru[.]
Trang 1Designation: F2292−03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Waterfastness of Images Produced by Ink
Jet Printers Utilizing Four Different Test Methods—Drip,
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2292; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1 Scope
1.1 This practice covers methods that can be used to
determine the waterfastness of an image produced by an inkjet
printer Waterfastness is determined by the presence of ink
transferred from a specific printed area to a non-printed area, or
to neighboring printed areas of a different color
1.2 This practice can be used to evaluate the waterfastness
of the primary print colors (cyan, magenta, yellow and black),
the secondary colors (red, blue and green) and composite black
(cyan plus magenta plus yellow)
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2 Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
D2244Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
Coordinates
F909Terminology Relating to Printers
F1125Terminology of Image Quality in Impact Printing
Systems
F1174Practice for Using a Personal Computer Printer as a
Test Instrument
F1623Terminology Relating to Thermal Imaging Products
F1857Terminology Relating to Ink Jet Printers and Images Made Therefrom
2.2 ANSI Standards:3
ANSI/NAPM IT9.9-1990Stability of Color Photographic Images—Methods for Measuring
3 Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms, refer to Terminologies F909, F1125,F1623, andF1857
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 ink jet media, n—recording elements used by ink jet
printers to receive inks The substrate may be paper, plastic, canvas, fabric, or other ink receptive material The substrate may, or may not be, coated with one or more ink receptive layers
4 Significance and Use
4.1 This procedure may be used to determine how water will affect solid-fill color images produced by ink jet printers 4.2 Four different test methods are outlined to simulate the most common ways that materials are exposed to water 4.3 The method of water application may greatly affect the outcome of the test While one or more of the test methods may
be performed, to best qualify a product all four test methods should be used
4.4 The drip and spray test are evaluated visually, while the submersion and rub tests can be evaluated visually and instrumentally
4.5 Test results are useful for specification acceptance between producer and user, for quality control, and for research and product development
5 Interferences
5.1 Ink jet media and ink sets may be purchased from a variety of sources and may affect the waterfast characteristics
1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on Business
Imaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink Jet
Imaging Products.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008 Published July 2008 Originally approved
in 2003 Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2292 – 03 ε1 DOI: 10.1520/
F2292-03R08.
2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 Available from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Trang 2produced by a given printing system A variety of media types
and ink sets may be used depending on the purpose of the test
The side of the media that should be used for imaging is the
one recommended by the manufacturer/supplier
5.2 Interpretation of results should be made by one
evalua-tor
5.3 Fluctuations in temperature and humidity may affect the
media being tested
5.4 Prints should be dry prior to testing since inadequate
drying time may affect the results Twenty-four hours should be
sufficient for most inks and media
5.5 All comparative tests should be performed under the
same environmental and viewing conditions
5.6 The following evaluations utilize digital test originals
that are created using personal computer software Always use
the same originals when comparing printers, ink sets and
substrates
5.7 Visual interpretations of a failure or success may vary
from one individual to another
6 Apparatus
6.1 Ink Jet Printer and a Personal Computer.
6.2 Personal Computer Word Processing, Drawing/
Graphics, or Page Layout Software, for creating the test page
original
6.3 Distilled Water.
6.4 Pan, 2 in deep.
6.5 Ordinary Household Spray Bottle
6.6 Pipette.
6.7 Paper Towels.
6.8 Soft Cloth, sweatshirt type material.
6.9 Timer.
6.10 Spectrodensitometer.
6.11 Board.
7 Calibration
7.1 Adjust the printer used to conduct the test per the
manufacturer’s instructions or in accordance with Practice
F1174
8 Test Specimens
8.1 The test image shall consist of a standardized
arrange-ment of color patches printed using print files containing the
appropriate printer setup specific for each application This test
image shall contain color patches at maximum print density of
100 % for each of the primary colors of cyan, magenta, yellow
and black, 200 % for the secondary colors of red, green, and
blue, and 300 % for process black
8.2 The test image may be generated with personal
com-puter word processing, drawing/graphics, or page layout
software, saved as a print file for each printer/method of
printing (contributing its unique ink and ink/receiver
interac-tions that may impact on the image light stability), trial-printed, and evaluated for appropriate ink laydown (purity and amount) and ease of printing and testing Each print file should have its filename, type, and version identified in the image area and a place for experimental notes (for example, time, printer, environmental conditions, operator) The printer settings and a trial print of each print file version should be archived 8.3 The size of the color patches shall be approximately 1.25 by 1.25 in (35 by 35 mm)
9 Conditioning
9.1 Condition the printer, supplies and test substrates 24 h in the same atmospheric conditions as those present where the test
is to be conducted
9.2 Waterfastness should be tested at least 24 h after printing
to allow the prints to sufficiently dry
10 Drip Test
10.1 Prepare two printed ink jet test samples Mount the printed ink jet test samples to a board in order to make them rigid so that they are supported during the test
10.2 Position the mounted sample at a 45° angle to a horizontal tabletop
10.3 Hold the tip of the pipette about 5 to 10 mm above the top of the color patch, deliver 0.05 cc of distilled water on each
of the print colors and repeat 2 more times
10.4 About 15 s after the final water delivery, place the print sample flat and allow it to fully dry Note if there is any ink bleeding, smearing or transfer
11 Spray Test
11.1 Prepare two printed ink jet test samples Mount the printed ink jet test samples to a board in order to make them rigid so that they are supported during the test
11.2 Position the mounted sample at a 90° angle, so that it
is perpendicular to the floor
11.3 Place sample over a tray, sink or place paper towels under sample to gather excess water
11.4 Load the spray bottle with distilled water and holding the bottle 12 in away from the test sample, spray the sample Thoroughly soak the sample with the water, allowing the water
to flow off the print
11.5 After about 15 s after the water spray, place the print sample flat and allow the print to fully dry Note if there is any ink bleeding, smearing or transfer
12 SubmersionTest
12.1 Prepare two printed ink jet test samples Mount the samples to a support, such as stainless-steel, in order to make them rigid and easy to submerge in water
12.2 Fill a pan with distilled water, so that there is a minimum of 1 in of water in the pan The water should be at room temperature or allowed time to come to room tempera-ture
Trang 312.3 Place the prints print side up in the pan and make
certain the prints are fully submerged The use of weights may
be needed to accomplish this Set a timer for 10 min
12.4 After 10 min, remove the sample prints from the water,
being cautious not to touch the printed portions Hold the
samples vertically, allowing excess water to drain off
12.5 Place the print sample flat and allow it to fully dry
Note if there is any ink bleeding, smearing or transfer
N OTE 1—Color density and L*a*b values may be measured before and
after the samples have been submerged in water to assess color changes.
13 Rub Test
13.1 Use the second print from the drip, spray, or
submer-sion tests or prepare new prints as specified above
Immedi-ately after dripping, spraying or submerging the print, allow the
excess water to drain off and using a cotton pad with moderate
pressure, rub all of the printed colors a minimum of 3 passes in
each direction Replace the cotton pad for each color
13.2 Place the print sample flat and allow it to fully dry
Note if there is any ink bleeding, smearing or transfer
N OTE 2—Color density and L*a*b values may be measured before and
after treatment to assess color changes.
14 Interpretation
14.1 If any ink bleed, smearing or transfer is observed, then the test is deemed a failure
14.2 Density losses or L*a*b value changes are not consid-ered a test failure
15 Report
15.1 Report the printer model, printing method, and ink and substrate lot numbers
15.2 Report the failure or success of each of the different test methods
15.3 Report the test results from the instrumental color change evaluation (percent retained optical density and Delta E) of the color patches, and the initial and final density or L*a*b values Delta E shall be calculated per Test Method D2244 Densities shall be measured per ANSI/NAPM IT9.9, sections 3.3–3.6 Percent retained density shall be calculated as follows:
% Retained Density 5 Optical Density After Exposure
Optical Density Before Exposure3100
N OTE 3—If instrumental color measurements are used, the type of equipment, the method, and the color-difference equation used must be stated.
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