PBDEs and novel brominated flame retardants in road dust from northern Vietnam

PBDEs and novel brominated flame retardants in road dust from northern Vietnam

Accepted Manuscript

PBDEs and novel brominated flame retardants in road dust from northern Vietnam:

Levels, congener profiles, emission sources and implications for human exposure

Hoang Quoc Anh, Keidai Tomioka, Nguyen Minh Tue, Tran Manh Tri, Tu Binh Minh,

Shin Takahashi

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.066

Reference: CHEM 20647

To appear in: ECSN

Received Date: 30 October 2017

Revised Date: 8 January 2018

Accepted Date: 14 January 2018

Please cite this article as: Anh, H.Q., Tomioka, K., Tue, N.M., Tri, T.M., Minh, T.B., Takahashi, S., PBDEs and novel brominated flame retardants in road dust from northern Vietnam: Levels, congener

profiles, emission sources and implications for human exposure, Chemosphere (2018), doi: 10.1016/

j.chemosphere.2018.01.066.

This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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BDE-209 0.50 16 20 12 - 52 10 3.6 2.2 - 8.6 5 0.81 0.56 - 3.2

PBEB 0.010 16 0.010 0.010 - 0.040 10 0.010 0.010 - 0.012 0 ND ND BB-153 0.010 16 0.020 0.020 - 0.069 5 0.010 ND - 0.020 0 ND ND BTBPE 0.020 14 0.020 ND - 0.70 1 ND ND - 0.16 0 ND ND DBDPE 0.050 16 14 6.1 - 73 10 2.6 1.1 - 13 2 ND ND - 0.46

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Mean Median Range Mean Median Range Mean Median Range

Vietnam, Hanoi Main roads, urban area 4.9a 4.6 3.4 - 8.2 25 20 12 - 52 29 24 16 - 56 This study Vietnam, Thai Nguyen Main gateway, industrial park 1.5a 1.2 0.89 - 2.6 4.1 3.6 2.2 - 8.6 5.5 4.9 3.4 - 11 This study Vietnam, Bac Giang Ways next to rice fields 0.38a 0.36 0.32 - 0.46 1.4 0.81 0.56 - 3.2 1.8 1.1 0.91 - 3.6 This study China, Wenling E-waste recycling site 2500b 1870 750 - 6250 3460 3370 1640 - 6360 6530 7060 2870 - 9000 Xu et al., 2015

China, Wen’an Main route, plastic waste

China, Xinxiang Main roads, urban area 9.8c 10.5 6.1 - 12.7 102 105 51.6 - 206 111 112 59.1 - 217 Cao et al., 2017

China, Shanghai Roads, multi-functional area 22.3d - 1.03 - 112.5 51.0 - 1.61 - 294.8 73.4 - 6.71 - 342.1 Wu et al., 2015

Pakistan, several cities Industrial, rural and

China, Shanghai Roads, multi-functional area 3.88d - 0.371 - 32.9 28.6 - 3.55 - 141.4 32.5 - 4.31 - 141.8 Wu et al., 2015

Australia, Melbourne Roads, urban area with

different land uses

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Mean Median Range

Road dust

Vietnam, Hanoi Main roads, urban area 16 14 6.2 - 74 This study Vietnam, Thai Nguyen Main gateway, industrial park 3.5 2.6 1.1 - 13 This study Vietnam, Bac Giang Ways next to rice fields 0.15 NDa ND - 0.46 This study China, Xinxiang Urban roads ND Cao et al., 2017

China, Wenling E-waste recycling site 674 670 340 - 1130 Xu et al., 2015

Pakistan, several cities Industrial, rural and background

zones

250 208 2.54 - 1030 Khan et al., 2016

Soil

China, Tianjin E-waste recycling site 123 - 420 - 558 Hong et al., 2016

Australia, Melbourne Waste disposal sites 62.7 4.17 ND - 295 McGrath et al.,

2017

Manufacture sites 29.0 ND ND - 384 Non-industrial sites ND

Indoor dust

Vietnam, Hanoi Houses, urban area - 40 17 - 150 Tue et al., 2013

Houses, suburban area - 46 15 - 110 Vietnam, Hai Phong E-waste recycling households - 220 31 - 160

Vietnam, Hung Yen E-waste recycling households - 230 39 - 470

China, Guiyu E-waste recycling workshops - 45,400 197 - 201,000 Zheng et al.,

Kuwait, Kuwait City Cars 1095 202 84 - 8200 Ali et al., 2013

Houses, urban area 510 220 40 - 2175 Pakistan, Faisalabad Cars 545 65 6.0 - 5420

Houses, urban area 130 90 2.5 - 465 Iraq, Basrah Urban houses (elevated surface) 173 183 58.1 - 351 Al-Omran and

Harrad, 2016

Urban houses (floor) 129 125 33.0 - 269

UK, West Midlands Living/bed rooms - 120 21 - 680 Kuang et al.,

2016

Kitchens - 74 < 9.2 - 450 Portugal, Aveiro and

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Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture,

Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan

b

The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGAS-EU), Ehime Univeristy, 3-5-7

Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan

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Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh

Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam

d

Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime Univeristy, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho,

Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan

e

Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University

of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam

• PBDE and NBFR levels were higher in urban samples than industrial and rural ones

• Road dust can contribute about 3% to total daily intake of PBDEs by Hanoi residents