4 nguyễn thanh mai tóm tắt tiếng anh

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION NGUYEN THANH MAI STUDY ON THE LIVING STANDARDS OF THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE IN TERMS OF SOCIO ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Speciality Geography Code 9310501 DISSERTATIO[.]

UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

NGUYEN THANH MAI

STUDY ON THE LIVING STANDARDS OF THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE IN TERMS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

GEOGRAPHY

Speciality: Geography Code: 9310501

DISSERTATION SUMMARY

THAI NGUYEN – 2023

University of Education - Thai Nguyen University

Supervisors:

1 Assoc Prof Dr NGUYEN XUAN TRUONG

2 Assoc Prof Dr NGUYEN MINH TUE

Reviewer 1: ………

Reviewer 2: ………

Reviewer 3: ………

The dissertation will be defended in the committee:

University of Education - Thai Nguyen University

At………… hour….day……month…… year 2023

The dissertation can b e found at:

- National Library of Vietnam

- Library of University of Education

LIST OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE

DISSERTATION

1 Nguyen Thanh Mai (2016), Research on Poverty in Thai Nguyen Province, Proceedings of the 9 th National Geographic Science Conference 2016, pp.519-527, Natural Science and Technology

Publishing House

2 Vu Van Anh, Nguyen Thanh Mai, (2016), The income distribution of people in the Northeast border provinces, Proceedings of the 9 th National Geographic Science Conference,

Volume 2, pp 206-210, Publishing House of Natural Science andTechnology

3 Nguyen Thanh Mai (2018), Education and training development

- sustainable poverty reduction solutions in Thai Nguyen province, Proceedings of the 10 th National Geographic Science Conference, volume 2, p 1603 - 1608.

4 Nguyen Thanh Mai, Nguyen Phuong Lien, Pham Huong Giang

(2019), Impact of the 4.0 revolution on Vietnamese living standards, Geograhical Sciences in the context of the fourth industrial revolution: Opportunities and Challenges, Ho Chi

Minh City National University Press (VNU - HCM Press),pp.229-236

5 Nguyen Thanh Mai, Than Thi Huyen (2020), Developing human resources contributing to improving living standards for ethnic minorities in Vietnam, Journal of Science and Technology, Thai

Nguyen University, volume 225 (No 7), p 59-65

6 Nguyen Thanh Mai, Nguyen Xuan Truong (2021), Research on living standards in Thai Nguyen province, period 2010 - 2018,

Journal of Science and Technology of Thai University Nguyen,vol 226 (No 8), p 244-251.

7 Nguyen Thanh Mai (2021), Research on living standard of northern midlands and region in Vietnam, Proceedings of the 12 th

National Geographic Science Conference, volume 1, p 729-734,

Youth Publishing House

8 Nguyen Thanh Mai, Nguyen Xuan Truong (2021), Solution to improve the living standard in Thai Nguyen province: from the perspective of socio-economic geography, TNU Journal of

Science and Technology 227 (4), pp 3-11

9 Nguyen Thanh Mai (2022), Research on the current status of living standards of Thai Nguyen's population, period 2010 -

2020, Science Journal of Hanoi National University of

Education, vol 67, No 2, pp.119-130

10 Nguyen Thanh Mai, Nguyen Phuong Lien, Pham Huong Giang,

Vu Van Anh, Than Thi Huyen (2022), Research on factors affecting people's living standards in Thai Nguyen province in terms of socio-economic geography Association, Proceedings of the 13 th National Geographic Science Conference, Volume 2, pp.

589 - 597, Youth Publishing House

11 Nguyen Thanh Mai, Analysis of the current situation of residential income in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2010 - 2020 (2022),

Proceedings of the 13th National Geographic Science Conference,Volume 2, pp.527-532, Youth Publishing House

1 Urgency of the topic

The living standards is an issue that many scientists areinterested in researching The standard of living is concerned with thedevelopment and satisfaction of the needs of society and the needs ofindividuals In fact, when applying to the living standards research in

a defined area such as the provincial level, there is no consensus onthe evaluation criteria After more than 30 years of implementing the

"Doi Moi" policy, Vietnam has made remarkable progress in economic development

socio-Thai Nguyen province belongs to the Northern Midlands andMountains, and is also a province located in the Capital region (since2016), with a natural area of 3521.9 km2, population in 2020 is1,307.9 thousand people; Gross domestic product (GRDP) in 2020will reach VND 116,008.2 billion; GRDP per capita at current prices

is equivalent to VND 88.7 million in 2020, ranking 1/14th in theNorthern Midlands and Mountains, 12/63 provinces and cities inVietnam With its geographical position as a gateway for socio-economic exchanges, Thai Nguyen has attracted domestic andforeign investors, especially the Samsung industrial complex thatcame into operation in 2013 It is this that makes the Samsungindustrial complex come into operation Thai Nguyen province'ssocio-economic development has developed rapidly, people's liveshave been significantly improved; Education, health and culture havemade great progress However, the living standards has a divergencebetween population groups in terms of income, conditions foraccessing health care, education, living standards of the population,ethnic minorities in many highland communes are still low andencountered many difficulties Therefore, studying the livingstandards, influencing factors and causes of the living standardsdifferentiation, finding solutions to improve the living standards inThai Nguyen province in terms of socio-economic geography isurgent Stemming from the above strategy and goals, the authordecided to choose the doctoral dissertation topic "Study on theliving standards of Thai Nguyen province in terms of socio-economic geography"

2.1 The overview of living standards and factors affecting living standards

2.1.1 Overseas research papers

- Concept of standard of living: K Marx: “The living standards

is not only the satisfaction of the needs of material life but alsocertain needs generated by the very conditions in which people areliving and growing up"

- Factors affecting people's living standards: Typically, there areresearch of author Gary S Becker (1992), Minot Nicholas,Baulch Bob and Epprecht Michael (2004), Paul Glewwe (1998),Krinerger and Linhand (1999).

2.1.2 Domestic research papers

- Concept of standard of living: Author Le Quoc Hoi with thearticle the relationship between economic growth and incomeinequality: theory and practice in Vietnam, author Le Thong (editor)

et al (2011) with the document Vietnam's socio-economic geography,the article "Some issues on economic growth and people's livingstandards of Vietnam" by Nguyen Trong Xuan

2.2 Criteria and methods of assessing living standards.

2.2.1 Overseas research papers

Some typical research: “More than just economic growth”(2005) by Tatyana P Soubbotina, Danube (2015) titled “EvaluatingLiving Standard Indicators”, Overview of Human DevelopmentReport 2015 by Helen Clark

2.2.2 Domestic research papers

Author Van Thi Loan (1998) with the book "Some opinions onthe application of sampling method in the population living standardsurvey", UNDP (2008) with "Analysis report on baseline surveyprogram 135-II, Hanoi", Nguyen Dang Thanh (2010) with the study

"Characteristics of human resources of ethnic minorities in Vietnam,evidence collected from the 2009 population census in 11 provinces"

2.3 Solutions to improve living standards.

2.3.1 Overseas research papers

Typical research of the author Richard P F Holt andDaphne.G, "Improving Our Standard of Living: The Science,Politics, and Economics of Global Betterment" by Wesley Krug(2017) and Roganovic Milijana, Stankov Bijana (2018)

2.3.2 Domestic research papers

Author Pham Duc Kien (2011) with the article "Economicgrowth associated with poverty reduction in Vietnam (1991-2010").The article "Improving people's living standards in the process ofindustrialization and modernization in Vietnam: Achievements andchallenges" by Nguyen Hong Son, Tran Quang Tuyen (2014),Doctoral disertation of Tran Thi Thanh Ha (2019) "Improving theliving standards of people in Son La province towards sustainability"

2.4 Research papers on living standards in Thai Nguyen province

In Thai Nguyen province, several authors have had researchworks related to living standards: Doctoral disertation Research onHuman Development in Thai Nguyen Province 1999-2009 by VuVan Anh, Doctoral Disertation of Industrial Territorial Organization

of Thai Nguyen Province by Nghiem Van Long (2021) The study ofliving standards in Thai Nguyen province is new The author inheritsthe research on theory and practice of living standards, analyzes thecurrent situation of living standards and develops solutions toimprove living standards in Thai Nguyen province.

3 Objectives and research tasks of the thesis

3.1 Target

Based on an overview of theoretical and practical issues aboutstandard of living, the dissertation focuses on assessing the factorsaffecting living standards and analyzing the current situation of livingstandards in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2010 - 2020 Fromthere, propose solutions improving living standards in terms of socio-economic geography has a scientific basis and is effective in thefuture

3.2 Tasks

- Selectively summarizing theoretical and practical bases ofliving standards from socio-economic geographical perspective toapply to provincial research areas

- Evaluation of factors affecting living standards in Thai Nguyenprovince

- Analyze the current situation of living standards in ThaiNguyen province in terms of socio-economic geography

- Proposing solutions to improve living standards in Thai Nguyenprovince

4 Research scope

4.1 About research content

The living standards is approached from socio-economicgeographical perspective In addition to analyzing and evaluating thefactors affecting standard of living, the division of living standards

by territory is a natural factor and socio-economic factor, the thesisfocuses on studying the current situation of living standards through

4 groups of indicators: economic indicators target group, educationaltarget group, health target group, supplementary target group

- The group of economic indicators includes: GRDP/person(for the whole province), per capita income and poverty rate

- Group of educational indicators: General attendance rate,accessibility to educational institutions

- Group of health and health care indicators: Number ofdoctors per ten thousand people, number of hospital beds per tenthousand people, accessibility to medical facilities

- Group of supplementary indicators: Percentage of householdsusing electricity from the national grid, percentage of householdswith permanent houses

4.2 About the research space

- The dissertation researches and evaluates living conditions inthe entire territory of Thai Nguyen province, with a deep dive intodistrict level administrative units including Thai Nguyen city, SongCong city, Pho Yen city (Pho Yen district was recognized as a town

in 2015, Pho Yen town is recognized as a city in 2022) and sixdistricts: Dong Hy, Dai Tu, Phu Luong, Phu Binh, Dinh Hoa, VoNhai; Pay attention to comparison with some provinces in the regionand the whole Northern Midland and Northern Midland region

- The dissertation research investigates households in ThaiNguyen City, Song Cong City, Pho Yen Town, Phu Binh District, VoNhai District, Dinh Hoa District and Dai Tu District, to supplementthe secondary data source and increase the reliability and science forthe analysis and comments in the disertation

4.3 About research time

The data used in the thesis is concentrated in the period 2010

-2020 and forecast to 2030 And to be consistent with Vietnam's livingstandards survey, which investigates every 2 years in even years, theresearch timelines should be followed Research in the thesis alsofollows even years, not according to the 5-year plan

5 Opinions and research methods

5.1 Opinions

The dissertation approaches based on system perspective, generalview - territory, economic perspective, historical perspective -perspective, sustainable development perspective

5.2 Research Methods

The author has applied the following methods: method ofcollecting and processing documents, method of analysis,comparison, synthesis, method of sociological investigation, method

of map and geographic information system (GIS), expert methodsand forecasting methods

6 Scientific and practical significance of the disertation

6.1 Scientific significance

- Inheriting, supplementing, updating and clarifying theoreticalissues about living conditions from socio-economic geographicalperspective in Vietnam conditions to apply to provincial research

- Select appropriate living standards evaluation criteria for theprovince, especially the mountainous province and the current period

Nguyen province according to the selected criteria through the study

of theoretical and practical documents and sociological investigation

- Propose scientific solutions to improve living standards inThai Nguyen province in the future

7 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references andappendices, the dissertation is structured into 4 chapters:

Chapter 1 Theoretical and practical basis of living standards

Chapter 2 Factors affecting living standards in Thai Nguyenprovince

Chapter 3 Actual situation of living standards of Thai Nguyenprovince And Chapter 4 Solutions to improve living standards inThai Nguyen province

Chapter 1 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF LIVING

STANDARDS 1.1 Theoretical basis

1.1.1 Concept

- Population: A population is a collection of people living on aterritory characterized by social relations as well as economicreciprocal relationships

- Ethnic minorities is defined as "Ethnic minorities are thosewith a population smaller than the majority in the territory of theSocialist Republic of Vietnam"

- Living standards: The total value of goods and servicescapable of satisfying the material needs and cultural needs of people

at a time of socio-economic development of the country

1.1.2 Factors affecting living standards.

- Geographical location, territorial scope

- Group of natural factors (natural conditions, naturalresources): Topography and land, water sources and organisms,minerals

- Group of socio-economic factors: Population, labor resourcesand ethnicity, level of economic development, urbanization andindustrialization, infrastructure and material and technical facilities,investment capital, physical regulations, development policies,markets, integration and linkage trends, science and technology

1.1.3 Indicators to assess the living standards applied to research

in Thai Nguyen province

The dissertation evaluates based on 4 groups of indicators:Group of economic indicators: GRDP/person, Income per capita,Rate of poor households; Group of educational and trainingindicators: General attendance rate, Accessibility to educational

institutions (distance from home to school); Group of medical and healthcare indicators: Number of doctors, number of hospital beds per tenthousand people, Accessibility to medical facilities (km) andsupplementary criteria group: Percentage of households using electricityfrom the national grid and the percentage of households with permanenthouses.

to analyze and compare when researching in Thai Nguyen province

Chapter 2 FACTORS AFFECTING LIVING STANDARDS IN THAI

NGUYEN PROVINCE 2.1 Geographical location, territorial extent

Thai Nguyen province consists of 178 communes, wards andtowns In which, there are 16 highland communes; 107 mountainouscommunes; 55 midland communes, wards and towns Thegeographical position of Thai Nguyen province means that it is animportant southern gateway to connect the Northern Midlands andMountains with the capital Hanoi, the Red River Delta and otherregions in the country Located in the planning of Hanoi's urban area,the province has received attention with effective investment anddevelopment policies, capable of absorbing qualified labor andmodern science and technology to serve the development ofeconomic sectors

2.2 Nature

- Topography: Thai Nguyen topography is divided into twomain areas: mountainous areas (accounting for 90.7% of the naturalarea) and midland areas (accounting for 9.3%) The mountainousterrain is concentrated in the northern districts of the province Thetopography of the midland region is common in cities, towns, andsouthern districts The terrain is favorable for Thai Nguyen province

to cultivate agro-forestry, to build industrial, traffic and economic development, contributing to improving living standards.

socio Soil: Thai Nguyen has 5 main soil groups: yellow red feralitsoil, limestone soil, swamp land, rice field land, feralit soil withhumus The diverse group of land is capable for developingagriculture and forestry, the basis for attracting labor, employment,and income generation for farmers

- Climate: Thai Nguyen province belongs to the climate of theNortheast region with tropical humid monsoon characteristics Theclimate is favorable for the development of ecosystems, creating adiversity in the structure of plants and animals, especially tea, which

is important for creating many jobs and people's income

- Water source: Thai Nguyen has diverse water sourcesincluding surface water and underground water because it is located

in a climate with relatively high rainfall (Cau river, Cong river, NuiCoc lake ) Water resources of Thai Nguyen province ensure tomeet the needs for the development of people's life

- Organisms: In 2020, Thai Nguyen province has 187.2thousand hectares of forested land, accounting for 53.2% of thenatural area Forest coverage is 53.2%, concentrated mainly in thenorthern districts of the province such as Vo Nhai, Dinh Hoa, Dai Tu,Dong Hy and Phu Luong Thai Nguyen province has mechanismsand policies on forestry for people, especially ethnic minorities livingnear forests and mountains

- Minerals: Thai Nguyen has potential for mineral resources,which includes main minerals such as coal, non-ferrous metals,ferrous metals, construction stone, clay, limestone, sand and gravel Abundance the quantity and type of minerals is the basis for ThaiNguyen province to develop an industry with a diversified structure,forming industrial spots, industrial clusters, concentrated industrialparks, creating a prosperous economy stable, contributing toimprove standard of living However, mining activities also causeenvironmental pollution

2.3 Socio – economic factors

- Population, ethnicity and labor resources: In 2020, thepopulation of Thai Nguyen province is 1,307.9 thousand people, inthe province there are 51 ethnic groups living together Minoritypeople live in mountainous communes of Dinh Hoa, Vo Nhai, PhuLuong, Dong Hy, Dai Tu districts This is the cause of the division ofliving standards among ethnic groups and sub-regions of theprovince

- Economic development level: The GRDP scale of ThaiNguyen province increased continuously, from VND 23,774.2 billion

in 2010 to VND 116,008.2 billion in 2020 (according to actualprices) The average annual growth rate of GRDP in the period 2010

- 2020 is 13.2% (at 2010 constant prices) In the period 2010 - 2020,the structure of GRDP in Thai Nguyen province has changedmarkedly

- Urbanization and industrialization: The process ofindustrialization in Thai Nguyen along with the appearance ofindustrial zones and clusters is the basis to promote the urbanizationprocess, creating a new face for Thai Nguyen The frameworkinfrastructure system of Thai Nguyen urban areas and many urban areasand residential areas is synchronously and modernly invested

- Infrastructure: Road network, post and telecommunicationssystem, electricity supply network, water supply and drainage systemand waste treatment to help economic activities develop and improveincome and improve living standards

- Investment capital: Investment capital is an important factorfor the realization of economic growth and development goals,including the role of FDI Thanks to FDI from Samsung Group,electronic and informatics industrial products in the period 2013 -

2020 have created a rapid growth momentum in both speed and scale

of GRDP and GRDP/person

- Institutions and policies: Thai Nguyen province's governmenthas had many policies affecting standard of living, bringing aboutpositive results in all aspects, combining internal and external forces,effectively exploit natural resources and socio-economic resources

- Market: Thai Nguyen province has a population of over 1.3million people This is a favorable potential market for developingeconomic sectors The agricultural products produced by theprovince meet the needs of the domestic market, and export strongproducts to the US, Japan, China, Taiwan, Poland, and Germanymarkets

- Science - technology: significantly affects economic sectorsand people's lives in Thai Nguyen province In agriculture producingaccording to GAP standards, in the metallurgical industry, moremodern technologies are applied such as zinc ore incineration,automatic steel rolling techniques, etc

- The trend of regional integration and linkage: Integration will

be to support the comprehensive improvement of MSDC in ThaiNguyen province, step by step towards achieving a modern level on parwith other countries in the region and the world, participate deeply in theglobal economic production chain

2.4 General assessment

Thai Nguyen has a favorable geographical position ineconomic exchanges, commodity exchange, diverse resources ofvarious types, abundant labor resources of the province andincreasingly improved labor quality The large population creates amarket for the products The infrastructure is increasingly upgraded,completed and synchronous, built and developed in the direction ofmodernity Thai Nguyen province has implemented many policiesthat have made an important contribution to reducing the gapbetween rich and poor But difficulties such as depletion of someminerals, difficulties in labor resources, infrastructure networks,cooperation and regional linkage with surrounding territories ininvestment and economic development are not so tight, affecting theability to improve standard of living in Thai Nguyen province.

Chapter 3 SITUATION OF LIVING STANDARS IN THAI NGUYEN

PROVINCE 3.1 Indicators to assess the living standards in Thai Nguyen province

In the period 2010 - 2020, the economy of Thai Nguyenprovince achieved many important achievements thanks toeffectively exploiting the advantages of the province and attracting alot of investment capital, especially FDI Indicators of education,health and health care as well as supporting indicators have also beenimproved and enhanced

3.1.1 Economic target group

a GRDP/person

In the period 2010-2020, the scale of GRDP and GRDP/person

of Thai Nguyen province increased continuously GRDP scale willreach 116.0 trillion VND in 2020 GRDP/person will reach 88.7million VND

b Average income per person/month

The monthly annual income of Thai Nguyen province tends toincrease However, there is a difference in the increase in themonthly income tax rate The structure of monthly average monthlyincome divided by revenue sources of Thai Nguyen province, therevenue from wages and salaries accounts for the largest proportion.There is a difference between urban and rural income/month in ThaiNguyen province Urban areas have a higher per capita income thanrural areas in the whole period of 2010 - 2020

Territorial division in terms of income per capita/month

By administrative unit: Thai Nguyen city has the highest percapita income (5,015,000 VND in 2010, followed by Song Cong city4,811,000 VND, the lowest in Dinh Hoa district (3,057 thousand

VND) and Vo Nhai 3,167 thousand VND), the remaining districtsranged from 3,200 thousand VND to over 3,600 thousand VND.Income difference between 20% of the richest quintile and20% of the poorest quintile.

The whole Thai Nguyen province: The income gap betweenthe 20% richest group of households and the poorest 20% ofhouseholds in Thai Nguyen province fluctuates This difference is 7.5times in 2010 reduced to 6.4 times in 2020

Territorial disparity in income between 20% of the richestquintile and 20% of the poorest quintile

By administrative unit: The income difference between 20% ofthe richest households and 20% of the poorest households byadministrative unit in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2010 -

2020 shows that in 2010, the difference of administrative units atdistrict level ranges from 7.2 times to 8.1 times

c Percentage of poor households

The whole province of Thai Nguyen: The number of poorhouseholds and the rate of poor households in Thai Nguyen provincetends to decrease significantly in the period 2010 - 2020, due toeconomic development, the number of households in the province isincreasing The whole province of Thai Nguyen has decreased from19.0% in 2010 to 4.1% in 2020

Territorial division in poverty rate: By administrative unit: Inthe period of 2010 - 2020, the poverty rate by administrative unit hasdecreased Among them, Thai Nguyen city has the lowest povertyrate in 2020 at only 0.98%; Vo Nhai district has the lowest povertyrate with 8.22%, more than 2 times higher than the average level ofThai Nguyen province, 3.42% higher than the average level ofVietnam

3.1.2 Educational target group

a Overall attendance rate

The whole province of Thai Nguyen: The overall school

attendance rate in Thai Nguyen province is higher than the nationalaverage and the Northern Midlands and Mountains region Thispercentage of the three levels of the whole country is100.8%/95.1%/73.9% in 2010 and 100.1%/98.1%/84.5% respectively

in 2020 School attendance rate of the middle and high school levelstend to increase in the period 2010 - 2020

Territorial division in overall school attendance: By

administrative unit: The overall attendance rate of Thai Nguyenprovince is differentiated by administrative units in the period 2010 -

2020 In which, by 2020, Thai Nguyen city, Song Cong city and PhoYen town will reach a high rate (above 97.0%) The remaining