Vocabulary and Grammar Revision for Unit 5 Tiếng Anh 10

Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVISION FOR UNIT 5 TIẾNG ANH 10 UNIT 5 INVENTIONS (Những phát minh) 1 Từ vựng 1 bulky /ˈbʌlki/ (a) to lớn, kềnh càng 2 collapse /kəˈlæps[.]

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVISION FOR UNIT 5

TIẾNG ANH 10

UNIT 5 INVENTIONS (Những phát minh)

1 Từ vựng

1. bulky /ˈbʌlki/  (a): to lớn, kềnh càng

2. collapse /kəˈlæps/  (v): xếp lại, cụp lại

3. earbud /ˈɪəbʌd/  (n): tai nghe

4. economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/  (a): tiết kiệm, không lãng phí

5. fabric /ˈfæbrɪk/  (n): vải, chất liệu vải

6. generous /ˈdʒenərəs/  (a): rộng rãi, hào phóng

7. headphones /ˈhedfəʊnz/  (n): tai nghe qua đầu

8. imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/  (v): bắt chước, mô phỏng theo

9. inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/  (n): nguồn cảm hứng

10. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/  (n): sự phát minh, vật phát minh

11. laptop /ˈlæptɒp/  (n): máy tính xách tay

12. patent /ˈpætnt/  (n,v): bằng sáng chế; được cấp bằng sáng chế

13. portable /ˈpɔːtəbl/  (a): dễ dàng mang, xách theo

14. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/  (n): nguyên tắc, yếu tố cơ bản

15. submarine /ˌsʌbməˈriːn/  (n): tàu ngầm

16. velcro /ˈvelkrəʊ/  (n): một loại khóa dán

2 Ngữ pháp

I The present perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được thành lập bằng cách dùng thì hiện tại đơn của động từ to have kết hợp với quá khứ phân từ (V3)

2.1 Cấu trúc 

a)   Affirmative form (Thể khẳng định)

Subject + have/has + past participle (V 3 )

Ex: I have seen this film two times (Tôi đã xem phim đó hai lần.)

b)   Negative form (Thể phủ định)

Subject + have not/has not + past participle (V 3 )

Ex: I haven’t seen this before. Trước đây tôi chưa thấy qua cái này.

c)   Interrogative form (Thể nghi vấn)

Have/Has + Subject + past participle (V3)?

Ex: Have you met me before? Trước đây bạn có gặp qua tôi chưa?

Cách viết rút gọn: have not —> haven’t; has not —> hasn’t; I have —> I’ve

2.2 Cách dùng

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả:

a)   Những hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rõ thời gian (Không có từ

chỉ thời gian quá khứ.)

Ex: I’ve known you for a long time Tôi đã biết bạn lâu lắm rồi

Dùng trong câu có các từ sau: just, recently, lately, already, not yet, yet, eve never

Ex: He has just left home Anil ta vừa mới ra khỏi nhà

b) Hành động được lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ: many times, several times, twice,

 Ex: She has failed her driving test three times

Cô ấy đã trượt thi lái xe ba lần

c)   Những hành động tồn tại trong quá khứ và tiếp tục kéo dài đến hiện tại.

Các từ nhận biết:

- so far, up to now, up till now, up to the present, still

- for + period of time

- since + a point of time

- the last, it’s the first time

- how long ?

Ex: I have lived in Ho Chi Minh City since 1993 (Tôi đã sống ở Thành phố Iỉồ Chí Minh từ năm 1993.)

She still hasn’t arrived (Cô ta vẫn chưa đến.)

Lưu ý:

- Since + Noun

Ex: I’ve lived here since 1996 Tôi đã sống ở đó từ năm 1996

Since last year Từ năm rồi

- Since + Clause

Ex: I have taught English at this school since I came here

Tôi đã dạy tiếng Anh tại trường này từ khi tôi đến đây

d)   Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra hoặc có thể chưa xảy ra tại một thời điểm chưa hoàn tất trong hiện tại

Dấu hiệu: this + time, today, tonight, 

Ex: Where have you been this morning? Anil đã ở đâu sáng nay?

e)   Sau so sánh nhất.

Ex: She is the most warm-hearted woman that I’ve ever met (Cô là người phụ nữ tốt bụng nhất

mà tôi đã từng gặp.)

f)   Diễn tả một hành động đưa đến một kết quả nào đó trong hiện tại.

Ex: A.You look handsome, Nam Bạn trông đẹp trai đó Nam

B: Oh, I’ve just had my hair cut Ồ, tôi vừa mới cắt tóc

2.3 Gerund and infinitive (Danh động từ và hình thức nguyên thể của động từ)

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng danh động từ và hình thức nguyên thể của động từ để mô tả mục

đích của cái gì đó (thứ gì đó)

*  Infinitive: to V nguyên thể

*  Gerund: for + V-ing

Ex: A ruler is used to draw straight lines (Cây thước dùng để vẽ những đường thẳng.)

We can use a ruler to draw straight lines (Chúng ta có thể dùng thước để vẽ những đường

thẳng.)

3 Bài tập cơ bản

Exercise 1: Choose the word / phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part

1 The Ig Nobel prize is awarded to good-for-nothing inventions

A useless

B helpful

C practical

D applicable

2 I want to buy a printer but I'm afraid it's bulky

A small

B inconvenient

C expensive

D big and heavy

3 This device imitates the movements of the mockingbirds

A inspires

B steals

C mimics

D contrasts

4 You should store your data on Dropbox in case your computer collapses

A breaks down

B destroys

C runs out of power

D contains viruses

5 This technology has some drawbacks that need improving

A benefits

B disadvantages

C strong points

D qualities

Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer

1 Retinal implants are meant to partially restore vision to people who have lost their

_

A view

B scene

C scenery

D sight

2 It is thought that Google cars may transform the way we move around cities

in the future

A driving

B driver

C motionless

D driverless

3 The magnetic compass was first used to determine the correct by the Chinese

A way

B road

C path

D direction

4 In less than a decade you will carry a laser pen capable of sealing wounds

A readable

B comfortable

C portable

D capable

5 Samsung Galaxy Tab flash player as well as voice and video calls

A supports

B offers

C displays

D provides

6 The Tower Infinity in South Korea is supposed to be the world’s first skyscraper that, for a

few hours a day, _ an unobstructed view of the sky behind it

A provides

B shows

C allows

D prevents

7 Kia Silverbrook from Australia invented Memjet, a high-speed technology, in

2007

A colour-printing

B colour-print

C colours printing

D colour printing

8 3-D _ is used to produce complex tools and components.

A print

B printing

C printer

D blueprint

9 If you have an _, you don't have to bring all those heavy books in your bag

A correction pen

B e-book reader

C earbuds

D digital camera

10 A _ allows us to view and edit photos easily

A digital camera

B correction pen

C handheld

D e- book reader

-The

end-ĐÁP ÁN Exercise 1: Choose the word / phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part

Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer

4 Bài tập nâng cao

Exercise 1: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1 A

smartphone B fastener C portable D costly

2 A processor B congestion C tourism D assignment

3 A grammar B damage C drama D mammal

4 A protection B education C exception D question

5 A generous B velcro C video D inventor

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others

1 A afternoon B tomorrow C banana D umbrella

2 A

government B disappoint C audience D talented

3 A sorrow B passion C native D complaint

Exercise 3: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D

1 She volleyball at high school but she didn’t like it

A has played

B played

C was playing

D has been playing

2 The first actual robot invented in 1961

A was

B has been

C used to

D were

3 The magnetic compass was first used to determine the correct _ by the Chinese

A way

B road

C path

D direction

4 Gunpowder was first used to make beautiful displays of _ for celebrations in the 9th century by the Chinese

A firing

B fires

C fireworks

D firework

5 It is thought that Google _ cars may transform the way we move around cities in

the future

A driving

B driver

C motionless

D driverless

6 Shunpei Yamazaki, a Japanese inventor and physicist, invented the thin-film transistor which

is a special kind of transistor made by depositing thin films of a over a piece of

glass

A semiconductor

B semiconductors

C semiconducting

D conductors

7 3-D _ is used to produce complex tools and components

A print

B printing

C printer

D blueprint

8 Samsung Galaxy Tab flash player as well as voice and video calls

A supports

B offers

C displays

D provides

9 In less than a decade you will carry a _ laser pen capable of sealing wounds

A readable

B comfortable

C portable

D capable

10 Wearable sensors, such as the Fitbit, Nike FuelBand and Jawbone UP, _ the most

important part of the fitness world for the last few years

A become

B becomes

C have become

D has become

Exercise 4: Select the correct verbs to fill the blanks There are two redundant verbs

to reduce for studying to satisfy for losing

to prevent for encouraging to increase to cover

1 You mustn't use a correction pen errors in this assignment

2 Many young people use computers for playing games rather than ?

3 Children are vaccinated _ certain common children diseases

4 Doing karaoke is a good way people's entertainment needs

5 Don't abuse the use of that medicine _ weight

6 Birth control pill is used by many young women _ unwanted pregnancies

Exercise 5: Choose the word / phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part

1 It's more economical to buy this car than that jet ski

A cost-effective

B expensive

C insensitive

D wasteful

2 I want to buy a printer but I'm afraid it's bulky

A small

B inconvenient

C expensive

D big and heavy

3 This device imitates the movements of the mockingbirds

A inspires

B steals

C mimics

D contrasts

Exercise 6: Complete the sentences using the given words

correction pen e-book reader handheld

digital camera economical earbuds

1 If you have an _, you don't have to bring all those heavy books in your bag

2 Can I use a _ to cover errors in my writing?

3 A normal printer is more _ than a 3-D printer

4 You should use this pair of _, others won't be able to hear it

5 A _ allows us to view and edit photos easily

6 Don't worry This is a , so it's quite small and light

Exercise 7: Give the correct form of the words in CAPITAL to complete the sentences.

1 There is too much _ in this movie (VIOLENT)

2 It is a good book because it is very _ (INFORM)

3 Third time lucky! After two _ attempts, Mark's finally passed his driving test

(SUCCEED)

4 He's so nice It's a _ working for him (PLEASE)

5 Tim is one of the on a boat trip on Lake Michigan (PARTICIPATE)

Exercise 8: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each

question.

Wi-Fi is a method for devices such as smartphones to connect wirelessly to the Internet using

radio waves Connecting to the Internet using Wi-Fi requires a hotspot, but it is always faster

than the 3G cellular networks which smartphones can also use to connect, and occasionally

faster than 4G Using Wi-Fi when it is available can also prove to be cheaper and make your

phone run more efficiently in the long run than relying on cellular networks

When you use a Wi-Fi network to access the Internet from your phone, the data usage does not count against your bundled data Mobile providers often allocate a certain amount of data for

free each month and charge you a fee for any data usage beyond this By connecting via Wi-Fi wherever it is available, you can save your bundled data for situations when you might not be

close to any Wi-Fi hotspots

In many situations, your speed using a strong, dedicated Wi-Fi connection is faster than that of using your mobile network It is very noticeable when transferring larger files If you need to

download large files or stream media to your smartphone in a hurry, it is much better to do so

via Wi-Fi

Battery life is extremely important for smartphones because you will not be able to connect to

the Internet or use certain functions such as the camera flash if your battery is too low Using

Wi-Fi to connect to the Internet drains less battery life than using a mobile network, especially in situations where the cellular coverage fluctuates Since Wi-Fi is generally faster than using

mobile networks, you will also not spend as much time transferring the data, which further

decreases battery usage

1 The following are the advantages of using Wi-Fi on your smartphone EXCEPT that

A it does not need a hotspot to connect all your mobile devices

B it is faster than the 3G cellular networks

C it is cheaper than using the 3G networks

D it makes your phone run more efficiently in the long run

2 By using Wi-Fi, you

A can use all your bundled data for free

B can use a certain amount of data for free each month

C may stay under the data capacity allocated by mobile providers

D save your bundled data for situations when you use a Wi-Fi network

3 A Wi-Fi connection offers _

A better large files

B faster smartphones

C no need for hurry

D better speeds

4 Using Wi-Fi offers longer battery life because _

A you will be able to connect to other devices when your battery is low

B it requires less time with the same task than using mobile networks

C the Internet harms the battery life so much

D it requires so little energy while the cellular coverage fluctuates

5 The word “drains” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

A improves

B saves

C increases

D reduces

Exercise 9: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first

one.

1 It was easy for us to get tickets for the concert (NO)

_

2 Jim does not intend to give up his hobby (INTENTION)

_

3 Scarcely had the man left when the bomb exploded (NO SOONER)

4 The government will introduce new measures against crime next year

_

5 I don't think he cares about his employees

_

-The end-ĐÁP ÁN Exercise 1: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

Exercise 2: Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others

1 A

2 B

3 D

Exercise 3: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D

Exercise 4: Select the correct verbs to fill the blanks There are two redundant verbs

1 You mustn't use a correction pen to cover errors in this assignment

2 Many young people use computers for playing games rather than for studying

?

3 Children are vaccinated to prevent _ certain common children diseases

4 Doing karaoke is a good way to satisfy people's entertainment needs

5 Don't abuse the use of that medicine for losing _ weight

6 Birth control pill is used by many young women to reduce _ unwanted

pregnancies

Exercise 5: Choose the word / phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part

1 A

2 D

3 C

Exercise 6: Complete the sentences using the given words

1 If you have an _ e-book reader , you don't have to bring all those heavy books in your bag

2 Can I use a _ correction pen to cover errors in my writing?

3 A normal printer is more economical _ than a 3-D printer

4 You should use this pair of _ earbuds , others won't be able to hear it

5 A digital camera _ allows us to view and edit photos easily

6 Don't worry This is a _ handheld _, so it's quite small and light