giáo trình soạn thảo văn bản kinh tế và quản trị doanh nghiệp

Dung truoc yeu cau ngay cang nang cao chat luang cong tac quan ly, tham gia vao hoan thien nen hanh chinh quoc gia, Bo mon Tam ly - Xa hoi hoc Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan mot buac ch

LU’O’NG VAN UC

GIAO TRINH

KINH TE VA QUAN TRj DOANH

NGHIEP

DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

Af(/c tyc

M V C L U C

Lori gioi th ie u 1

C hiirongl: NHlTNG VAN DE CHUNG VE VAN BAN 3

I KHAINIEM CUA VAN BAN 4

1 Khai niem ve van b an 4

2 Chuc nang cua van ban 5

3 Phan loai van ban 10

II NHLTNG YEU CAU CHUNG VE SOAN THAO VAN B A N 13

1 Cac yeu cau ve hinh thuc van b an 13

\ ^ 2 Cac yeu cau ve noi dung cua van ban 14

3 Yeu cau ve the thuc van ban 16

III QUY TRINH SOAN THAO VAN BAN 24

1 Giai doan chuan b i 25

2 Giai doan soan thao de cucmg 25

3 Giai doan viet thanh van b an 28

4 Giai doan sura van b a n 28

4 Giai doan xet duyet, ki va ban hanh van ban 28

TOM LU’OC CUOI B A l 29

Cau hoi 3n ta p 30

Chiirong II: SU* DUNG NGON NGLfTRONG VAN BAN 31

I TAO LAP VA TRINH BAY NOl DUNG VAN BAN 32

1 Xa; dinh chu de chung va chu de bo phan cua van b an 32

2 Xa/ dung ca so lap luan cho van ban 33

3 Ca;h thuc trinh bay noi dung van ban 35

4 Viet doan van va lien ket doan van 38

II PHONG CACH NGON NGLf TRONG VAN BA N 41

1 Phong cach khoa hoc 41

2 Phong cach bao chi - cong luan 42

3 Phong cach chinh luan 43

4 Phong cach van hoc nghe thuat 43

5 Phong cach hanh chinh - cong v u 44

III NHVNG QUY DINH NGON NGU TRONG VAN B A N 45

\ r 1 Ntong yeu cau doi vai ngon ngu trong van b a n 45

2 Met so quy dinh doi voi ngon ngu trong van b a n 47

TOM Ll/OC CUOI B A I 55

Cau hoi on ta p 57

Bai tap thuc hanh -S C huoug III: SOAN THAO VAN BAN TAC NGHIEP HANH CHINH 59

I NHUNG VAN BE CHUNG VE VAN BAN TAC NGHIEP HANH CTINT (0 1 Khai niem va vai tro cua van ban tac nghiep hanh chinh 63

2 Bac diem cua van ban tac nghiep hanh ch in h 60

II KY THUAT SOAN THAO M 0T SO LOAI VAN BAN tAc NGHIEP HANH CHINH (I 1 Ky thuat soan thao cong van (1

2 Ky thuat soan thao thong b a o (7

3 Ky thuat soan thao bao cao (8

4 Ky thuat soan thao to trin h '4

5 Ky thuat soan thao bien b a n '5

6 Ky thuat soan thao don cac loai '8

t o m L ir o c c u b i b A i n Cau hoi on ta p B Bai tap tinh huong <'3 C huong IV: SOAN THAO HOP DONG KINH TE - THl/ONG M A I 57

I NHUKG VAN BE CHUNG VE HOP BONG KINH TE THlTOMG M A I <8 > / 1 Khai niem hop dong kinh te thuong m ai 18

1 \ f 2 The thuc chung cua hop dong kinh te thuong m ai <’9 3 Noi dung cua hop dong kinh te thuong m ai l2 4 Van ban phu luc va bien ban bo sung hap dong kinh tc thucmg nia * *2

f \ t 5 Tinh chat hop phap cua hop dong kinh te thuong m ai ‘4

II KY THUAT SOAN THAO M 0T SO LOAI HOP BONG KINE TE-THUONG M A I l5 1 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong mua ban hang hoa '5

\ 1 2 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong van chuyen hang h o a H8 3 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong kinh te dich v u 1 8 4 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong nghien cuu khoa hoc va trien klai k> thuat L6 5 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong lien ket kinh doanh 1.3 * f n 6 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong uy thac xuat nhap khau 14

Gteo trinh KY THU AT S P A N THAO VAN B A N KlNH T& VA QUAN T R ID O A N H NGHI$3

Af y c ly c

1 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong giao nhan thau xay dung co ban 154

r * 3 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong mua ban hang hoa quoc t e 165

\ \ f ) Ky thuat soan thao hop dong mua ban ban quyen sang che 197

10 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong gia cong dat hang 207

T(M LUOC C U 6l B A l 216

Ca hoi on ta p 219

B; tap thuc hanh 220

Chiraig V: SOAN THAO HOP DONG DAN S \f 221

I IHLfNG VAN DE CHUNG VE HOP DONG DAN SU' 222

i Khai n ie m 222

I Chu the cua hop dong dan s ir 223

L Nguyen tac ky ket, sira doi, cham dut, huy hop dong dan s u 225

Cac bien phap bao dam thuc hien hop dong dan s u 228

> Hop dong dan sir hop phap 229

_ 7 ' ) The thuc chung cua van ban hop dong dan s ir 230

II.CI THUAT SOAN THAO M 0T SO HOP DONG DAN S U 232

I Ky thuat soan thao hop dong dai ly 232

\ Ky thuat soan thao hop dong khoan viec (khoan thuc hien mot cong /iec nao d o ) 241

5 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong lao dong 247

Ky thuat soan thao hop dong thue n h a 253

5 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong mua ban tai san 260

* > Ky thuat soan thao hop dong cho v a y 268

7 Ky thuat soan thao hop dong bao hiem 273

? Ky thuat soan thao hop dong gui giCr tai sa n 279

R M LU O C CUOI B A l 284

Ca hoi on ta p 286

Be tap thuc hanh 286

C h u n g VI: SOAN THAO VAN BAN QUAN LY TO CHUC DOANH N G H E P 287

1.1HLTNG VAN BE CHUNG VE VAN BAN QUAN LY TO CHU*C D(ANH NGHIEP 288

Doanh nghiep va van ban quan ly doanh nghiep 288

’ Van ban quan ly to chuc doanh nghiep 301

Phan loai van ban quan ly to chuc 302

7 k Dac diem cua van ban quan ly to chuc 303

TRUdNQ D *! H pC KINH Tl'QUOC

GiSo t r M k t t i m f S P A N THAO W ± B A N K M t T i v A W M fR f b O A N H NGHI$P

II SOAN THAO VAN BAN QUAN LY TO CHUC 304

f 1 Soan thao cac quyet dinh quan ly 304

r 2 Soan thao nghj q uyet 305

3 Soan thao dieu le doanh nghiep 307

/ 4 Soan thao quy che va noi quy quan ly doanh nghiep 312

TOM LU'OC CUOI B A I 316

Cau hoi on ta p 317

Bai thuc h a n h 318

Chuong VII: SOAN THAO VAN BAN QUAN LY KINH TE DOANH NGHIEP 319

I NHUNG VAN BE CHUNG VE VAN BAN QUAN LY KINH TE BOANH NGHIEP 320

1 Khai niem va vai tro cua van ban quan ly kinh te doanh nghiep 320

7 / 2 Bac diem cua van ban quan ly kinh te doanh nghiep 322

3 Cac loai van ban quan ly kinh te doanh nghiep 322

4 Ngon ngu va van phong trong van ban quan ly kinh te doanh nghiep 323 / / r 5 Ket cau chung cua mot van ban quan ly kinh te doanh nghiep 326

II Kl THUAT SOAN THAO M 0T SO VAN BAN QUAN LY KINH TE BOANH NGHIEP 329

1 Chien luge san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep 329

2 Ke hoach san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep 335

3 Bu an san xuat kinh doanh m d i 339

/ / 4 Cac giai phap kinh te kT thuat trong quan ly kinh te doanh nghiep 342 TOM LUOC CUOI B A l 345

Cau hoi on ta p 347

Bai thuc h a n h 347

PHU L y e 349

DANH MVC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 377

iv TRUdNG DAI HQC KINH TE QU6c DAN

Loi gi&i thi$u

Loi gi&i thieu

Cac ca quan, to chuc hoat dong tren ca so cua nhung quy dinh nhat

dinh cua he thong van ban He thong van ban quy dinh toan bo cac nguyen

tac, thu tuc, phuong phap, phuang huong va cac hoat dong cu the cua to

chuc Ve phuomg dien quan ly nha nuac, nguai ta goi toan bo he thong van

ban do la nen hanh chinh quoc gia Trong cac to chuc, nguai ta goi la he

thong van ban quan ly hanh chinh - kinh te - to chuc Day la cong cu dac luc

cho cac nha lanh dao va quan ly dieu hanh hoat dong cua to chuc Do vay ky

thuat soan thao van ban kinh te va quan tri doanh nghiep la cong cu dac lire

r

cho cac nha lanh dao va quan ly soan thao ra duac cac van ban co chat

luang cao dung vao quan ly tc chuc

Truong dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan da day cong nghien cuu va xuat ban

giao trinh Ky thuat soan thao van ban quan ly kinh te va quan tri doanh

nghiep nam 2003 de giang day cac ky nang soan thao van ban cho sinh vien

Cho den nay, giao trinh da phat huy duac tac dung rat Ion, dac biet rat nhieu

sinh vien tham gia hoc tap mon hoc nay va nhieu doanh nghiep su dung no

nhu cam nang cho soan thao van ban cua doanh nghiep Dung truoc yeu cau

ngay cang nang cao chat luang cong tac quan ly, tham gia vao hoan thien

nen hanh chinh quoc gia, Bo mon Tam ly - Xa hoi hoc Truong Dai hoc

Kinh te Quoc dan mot buac chinh ly va hoan thicn giao trinh Ky thuat soan

thao van ban quan ly kinh te va quan tri doanh nghiep thanh cuon giao trinh

Ky thuat soan thao van ban kinh te va quan tri doanh nghiep de cho sinh

vien va cac doanh nghiep tham khao Cuon sach nay chu yeu di sau vao

hirang dan cach soan thao mot van ban co chat luang cao phuc vu cho cong

tac quan ly doanh nghiep (Di sau vao ky nang cua ky thuat soan thao)

Chung toi coi nhung van de luat phap cua soan thao van ban la co so cho

soan thao van ban Vi vay ngoai nhung ky nang soan thao van ban ra, chung

toi con de cap den nhihig van de luat phap cua van ban nhung khong sau sac

lam Do vay ngoai nhung van de chung toi da de cap, ngucri soan thao van

ban can tham khao them luat phap de soan thao van ban co chat luang cao lion.

Giao trinh Ky thuat soan thao van ban kinh te va quan tri doanh nghiep nay do Thac Sy Luang Van Uc - Truong Bo mon Tam ly - Xa hoi

hoc Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan chu bien va cung tap the can bo giang day sau day cua bo mon bien soan:

- Th.s Luang Van Uc chu bien va bien soan chuang I, VI, VII;

- Th.s Tran Cao Khai bien soan chuang II;

/ >

- Th.s Luang Van Uc va Th.s Dang Hong Son bien soan chuang IV;

- Th.s Luang Van Uc va Th.s Tran Kim Thanh bien soan chuang V;

- Th.s Nguyen Thi Bich bien soan chuong III;

Giao trinh Ky thuat soan thao van ban kinh te va quan tri doanh nghiep nay duoc dung giang day bac dai hoc cho cac doi tuang dai han, tai chuc, van bang II, chuyen doi tai Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan

Giao trinh KY THUA T SP A N THAO VAN B A N KINH T£ VA QUAN TRf DOANH NGHI$P

Chuxmg van tfl chung vffiliHr? feii||||

Chuffng I

n h O n g v A n b £ c h u n g v £ v a n b a n

Ky thuat soan thao van ban la cong cu dac luc cho cac nha lanh daodieu lanh va quan ly doanh nghiep Ky thuat soan thao van ban giup cacnha linh dao va quan ly soan thao ra cac van ban co chat luang cao dung

Noi dung cua chiroug bao gom:

V Lich su ra doi van ban;

S Nhung khai niem chung ve van ban;

S Cac loai van ban;

S Cac yeu cau doi voi noi dung van ban;

* The thuc chung ve van ban;

V Quy trinh soan thao van ban

Muc tieu co ban cua chuang la hieu duac cac loai van ban, the thuc

chung cia van ban va quy trinh soan thao van ban

Muc tieu cu the la:

S Hieu duac cac khai niem co ban cua van ban;

S Hieu duac cac v&n ban dung trong quan ly doanh nghiep;

^ Hieu duac yeu cau ve noi dung cua van ban;

I KHAI NIEM CUA VAN BAN

1 Khai niem ve van ban

a) Ljch su- pit at trien van ban

Den nay, chung ta thay van ban chum len ddi song cua con ngudi trong tat

ca cac lTnh vuc hanh dong xa hoi

b) Khai niem ve van ban

theo nghia hep, van ban la tap hap ngon ngu viet nhdm truyen dat y chi cua

ca nhan hay to chirc tai cac ca nhan hay to chuc khac vai muc dich thong

bao hay ddi hoi doi tuang tiep nhan phai thuc hien nhung hanh dong nhat

dinh, dap ungyeu cau cua ngudi hay to chuc soan thao.

Giao trinh KY THUATSOAN THAO VAN B A N KINH T£ VA QUAN TRi DOANH NGHI$P

ChuvmgI Nh&ngvan chung v e v a n b in

c) Vai tro cua van ban

cac moi quan he cung phuc tap han Mat khac, cuoc song hang ngay cung doi hoi con ngudi gan bo ngay cang mat thiet han trong nhieu moi quan he hop tac, trao doi, mua ban Su xuat hien va phat trien cua he thong van ban

quan ly - kinh doanh - giao dich la tat yeu cua qua trinh phat trien cua xa hoi loai nguoi Do vay, Nha nuoc sir dung he thong van ban de hinh thanh nen

nen hanh chinh quoc gia nham thong nhat qua trinh quan ly kinh te, van hoa,

xa hoi va hanh chinh Cac doanh nghiep sir dung van ban nhu la cong cu dac

nganh, cac don vi, co quan, to chuc kinh te xa hoi

2 Chu-c nang cua van ban

a) Chuc nang thong tin

S Thong tin trong van ban phai phan anh dung va trung thuc ban chat

cua cac sir kien, hien tuong xa hoi da xay ra

S Thong tin trong van ban phai the hien chinh xac cac hoat dong

r

trong logic cua khong gian va thdi gian nhat dinh

TRUd&KSfiiAl HpCKJNB Tl QU6C OAN

Gf'io trinh_KY THUATSO£N THAO VAN BAN M M T£ VA QUAN TR[ DOANH N G H § P

S Thong tin trong van ban phai phan anh day du cac mat hoat dong,

cac moi quan he lien quan toi sir kien hien tuong dien ra

S Thong tin trong van ban phai duac thu thap va xir lv theo phuang

phap khoa hoc

•S Thong tin trong van ban phai co nguon goc xuat xir ro rang va dang

tin cay

Vi the, sir can tjiiet phai co day du thong tin, xur ly mot cach khoa hoc

cac thong tin de soan thao van ban cung nhu khai thac moi thong tin qua he

thong van ban la mot yeu cau bat buoc doi vai ngudi lanh dao, ngudi quan

li, dac biet la trong nen kinh te thj trudng

b) Chuc nang phap li

*>

Chuc nang phap If cua van ban duac the hien trong noi dung cac van

ban chua dung cac quy pham phap luat va cac quan he luat phap ton tai

trong xa hoi, trong viec van dung cac quy pham phap luat vao ddi song thuc

tien cung nhu viec giai quyet cac nhiem vu co tinh bat buoc theo quy dinh

cua phap luat Noi dung trong van ban chinh la nhung phat ngon chinh thuc

cua ca quan, dan vj, to chuc kinh te, chinh tri, xa hoi Vi the, van ban la ca

sd phap li cho hoat dong cua moi ca nhan, dan vj, to chuc kinh te, chinh tri

xa hoi Cac moi quan he xa hoi, cac rang buoc ve mat phap li giira cac

nganh cac cap, giua cac ca quan cung nhu trong noi bo deu duac thirc hien

thong qua he thong van ban Van ban la sd sd phap li mang tinh chuan muc

va cudng che trong viec van dung, giai quyet moi van de nay sinh trong xa

hoi, trong ddi song thuc te Vi vay, de quan triet va nang cao tinh phap li

cua van ban, de van ban thuc sir la cong cu sac ben thi viec soan thao van

ban can phai chu y den nhung van de sau:

* Van ban phai dung the thuc theo quy dinh thong nhat chung duac

the hien trong van ban chuan cua Nha nude

'f Ban hanh van ban phai dung tham quyen Theo quy dinh chung,

moi ca quan, dan vi, to chuc kinh te, chinh trj, xa hoi deu co nhung chirc

nang, nhiem vu va quyen han cu the nhat dinh Phap luat thira nhan tham

quyen ban hanh van ban cua moi ca quan, moi cap, moi nganh

Chipong I Nhfrng van (T& chung ve van ban

S Van ban cua ca quan cap dirai khong duac trai vai van ban cua ca

quan cap tren, trai vai luat phap 1lay noi cach khac phai dam bao tinh thong

nhat cua he thong van ban tir trung uang den dia phuang

c) Chitc nang quan ly

dieu hanh xa hoi, cung nhu cac nha lanh dao quan ly to chuc Dc van ban

thuc s j la cong cu quan ly dieu hanh, cac nha lanh dao can phai to chirc cac

/

he thcng van ban sau:

/ He thong van ban phan anh dinh hudng hoat dong trong ngan han

cung nhu dai han (nhu: chicn luoc, ke lioacn, du an, chuang trinh, cac giai

r

phap linh te, ky thuat )

' He thong van ban the hien cac quy dinh trong hoat dong, la ca sd

tien de cho cac hoat dong dien ra (nhu: luat, nghi dinh, thong tu, nghi quyet,

quyet 3inh, dieu le, quy che, noi quy, quy trinh, quy pham )

Gt'ao irmh KY THUATSOAN THAO VANJBA i ^ T i VA QUAN TR[J)OANH NGHtgP

* He thong cac van ban phan anh ket qua hoat dong (nhu: bao cao

cac loai, bien ban )

* He thong cac van ban the hien trao doi thong tin qua lai giua cac to

chuc vai nhau, giua cac ca nhan vdi nhau va vdi to chuc, to chuc vdi ca nhan, giua cac bo phan trong to chuc (nhu: cong van cac loai, thong bao, td trinh, dan, )

Qua he thong van ban, ta co the phat hien duac nhirng bat cap, bat hap

ly trong hoat dong cua guong may quan ly cua moi co quan Dieu do cung cho phep danh gia trinh do to chuc, kha nang sang tao, tinh than chap hanh,

y thuc ton trong phap luat, chap hanh nhirng quy dinh, quyet dinh quan ly cua cap tren va su van dung cac van ban cap tren vao thuc tien chi dao hoat dong cua ca quan, dan vi minh Vi vay, he thong van ban trong moi ca quan

IIM IIf jl:l|jl|8l *; • Chrnrng Kkh&ng vin cfl chung ve van d & i

/ Kiem tra thuc hien noi dung cua van ban va ket qua dat duac Dieu

do co nghia la phai xet xem van ban co tinh kha thi hay khong, noi each

khac a co phii hap vai yeu cau cua cuoc song, quyen lai va kha nang cua

doi tumg thi hanh hay khong

26 the noi, qua kiem tra, nghien cuu van ban mod phat hien ra duac

nhunj; khiem khuyet, nhung thieu sot cua van ban, rut ra duac nhung

>v t \ •> f

nguyei nhan dan den sai lam de khac phuc, rut ra nhung kinh nghiem thanh

cong lay that bai trong cong tac quan ly Tir do danh gia duac nang luc,

trach lhiem cua timg bo phan, cua timg can bo, cung nhu cua ca bo may

quan y

i) Chuc nang van hod - xa hoi va sir lieu

Van ban la san pham sang tao cua con ngudi, san pham cua cac ca

doi vri thien nhien, doi vdi chinh con ngudi cung nhu doi vdi moi van de

thuc ten Toan bo hoat dong, tri thuc hay kinh nghiem cua con ngudi, cua

xa ho deu duac the hien d he thong van ban Thong qua he thong van ban,

ta co he hieu duac nhung dinh che ca ban trong loi song, nep song van hoa

cua ting thdi ki lich su Thong qua he thong van ban, chu the ban hanh co

the dia vao cac yeu to van hoa, cac gia tri truyen thong, cac phong tuc tap

quan dt dep cua dan toe nham giao due cong dan Chu the ban hanh van ban

co the dua vao van ban nhirng kien thuc phap luat va nhd do nang cao y

thuc sa su hieu biet phap luat cua nhan dan, hudng cach xir su cua moi ca

nhan lay tap the phu hap vdi cac quy dinh cua phap luat va phu hap vdi ban

sac vin hoa dan toe

Moi van ban ra ddi deu bat nguon tir nhu cau xa hoi, tir yeu cau cua

cac mbi quan he xa hoi, chung phan anh cac moi quan he xa hoi Bat ki mot

van bin mdi nao do ra ddi cung deu phai hudng vao mot quan he, hoac la

chung, hoac la cu the nhat dinh Do vay, qua van ban, ta co the nhan biet

duac nhirng van de xa hoi da va dang nay sinh tren thuc tien va cach thuc

He thong van ban rat phong phu, phuc tap, can phai phan loai chung

de co phuang phap soan thao va quan li chung cho thi'ch hap Co nhieu cach

f

phan loai, a day ta chi nghien ciru mot so cach phan loai ca ban sau:

a) Phan loai chung

Phan loai van ban theo loai hinh quan li

* Van ban quy pham phap luat

Van ban quy pham phap luat la van ban do ca quan Nha nuac co tham quyen ban hanh theo thu tuc, trinh tu luat dinh, nham ban hanh cac quy tac xir sir chung, duac Nha nuac bao dam thuc hien de dieu chinh cac quan he

xa hoi theo djnh huang thong nhat vai muc tieu phat trien xa hoi trong hien

phap quy dinh He thong van ban quy pham phap luat bao gom:

S Hien phap, luat, nghi quyet do Quoc hoi ban hanh;

V Phap lenh, nghi quyet do Uy ban thuong vu Quoc hoi ban hanh;

S Lenh, quyet dinh cua Chu tich nuac;

Giao trinh K ? THU A T S P A N THAO VAN B A N KINH Tt VA QUAN TR[ DOANH NGHI$P

Ctnrcmg I Nhung van chung ye vanban

S Nghi djnh cua Chinh phu, quyet dinh cua Thu tuang Chi'nh phu;

•/ Thong tu cua Bo truang, Thu truang ca quan ngang Bo;

S Nghi quyet cua Hoi dong Tham phan Toa an nhan dan toi cao,

Thong tu cua Chanh an toa an nhan dan toi cao;

* Nghi quyet lien tich giua Uy ban thuong vu quoc hoi hoac giua

<Chinh phu vai ca quan trung uang ciia to chuc chi'nh tri- xa hoi;

S Thong tu lien tich giua Chanh an toa an nhan dan toi cao vai Vien

itnroag Vien kiem sat nhan dan toi cao; giua Bo truang, Thu truang ca quaningar.g bo vai Chanh an toa an nhan dan toi cao, Vien tucmg Vien kiem sat

/

mhar toi cao; giua cac Bo truang, Thu truang ca quan ngang bo;

S Van ban quy pham phap luat cua Hoi dong nhan dan, Uy ban nhan dan

tcac cap

* Van ban tac nghiep hanh chinh (quan li hanh chinh)

Van ban tac nghiep hanh chinh la loai van ban duac sir dung rong rai

@ Theo dac trung noi dung van ban

* Van ban cua cac to chuc chinh tri, xa hoi: Day la cac van ban cua

ccac t5 chuc dang, doan the (thanh nien, phu nu, cac hoi )

* Van ban kinh te: Day la nhung van ban ma trong do co chira dung

mhuxg noi dung ve kinh te, kinh doanh nhu: hop dong kinh te, luan chung

Gfao trintr ft? T H ^ T S O ^ N THAO V,4n BAN t M H ] t VA QUAN m fD O A N H WOfflgf*

kinh te, dir an dau tu

• Van ban kT thuat: Day la nhung van ban co tinh ky thuat thuan tuy

nhu: Luan chung ky thuat, dinh muc, tieu chuan ky thuat

• Van ban ngoai giao: Do la nhung van ban dung trong llnh vuc

ban an ninh, quoc phong

Phan loai theo ky thuat che tac

• Van ban dien tu: Do la loai van ban duac soan thao tren cac phuang

kT thuat thong tin vien thong mai gan lien vai cong nghe dien tir Loai van

ban nay xuat hien trong nhirng nam gan day khi ma tin hoc, che ban dien tir,sach dien tir duac sir dung Loai van ban nay co uu diem gon, nhe va thuan tien trong ca soan thao, chuyen phat va khai thac sir dung

b) Phan loai van ban trong doanh nghiep

Van ban trong doanh nghiep duac chia thanh cac lap nhu sau:

• Van ban tac nghiep hanh chinh la cac van ban dung de trao doi thong

• VSn ban quan ly kinh td la cac v&n ban quy dinh nhung hoat dong

kinh te dien ra theo cac tinh to&n nhat dinh nhu: chien luac san xuat kinh doanh, ke hoach san xuat kinh doanh, cac de an, du an, chuang trinh hoat

Chm mg / NhCmg vih <fe chung ve van ban_

cdong, cac giai phap kinh te ky thuat;

t(6 chuc nham thong nhat hanh dong nhu: dieu le doanh nghiep, quy che

mghiep vu dung trong doanh nghiep, cac noi quy, quy trinh nghiep vu, quy

ttrinh quy pham ky thuat, kinh te

HI NHlTNG YEU CAU CHUNG VE SOAN THAO VAN BAN

X J

11 Cac yeu cau ve hinh thuc van ban

Nhung yeu cau ve hinh thuc doi vai van ban quan ly dat ra cho nguoi

s-oan thao van ban nhiem vu la: phai sap xep, bo cuc cac phan van ban mot

cach khoa hoc va logic; su dung ngon ngu va van pham de phan anh y chi

c u a Nha nuac duac trung thuc, khach quan, de hieu, de thuc hien va de ap

S Le tren: cach mep tren tu 20-25mm;

■S Le duai: cach mep duai tu 20-25mm;

'S Le trai: cach mep trai tir 30-35mm;

S Le phai: cach mep phai tu 15-20mm.

Khi the hien van ban phai thong nhat cach trinh bay theo mot kieu

mhat dinh Hien nay co hai cach trinh bay Trinh bay theo kieu luat phap la

cach trinh bay dien dat bao gom: Chuang, muc, dieu, khoan, diem, tiet, tieu

t:iet (rrong chuang co muc, trong muc co dieu, trong dieu co khoan, trong

kchoan co diem trong diem co tiet, trong tiet co tieu tiet) Cac van ban nho

c h i c3 dieu va khoan nhu cac hap dong dan su va kinh te - thuong mai, cung

c o vin ban chi co dieu ma khong co khoan nhu quyet djnh Do vay tuy

tlhuoc vao loai van ban ma lira chon cach the hien cho hap ly Trinh bay tu

d o 1 i kieu trinh bay theo ket cau nhat dinh do nguai soan thao lira chon.

Trong thuc te nguoi ta thuong trinh bay theo kieu: Chuang hoac phan, muc,

“> f •> t

kchoai, diem, tiet, tieu tiet (trong chuang co muc, trong muc co khoan, trong

kchoai co diem, trong diem co tiet, trong tiet co tieu tiet) Tuy theo cac van

mUdNG 0*1 Hpc KINH TE W6C DAN 13

Glio trinh KY THU A t SOAN THAO VAN BANW NH T i VA QUAN TRI DOANH NGHIEP

Dieu 1 Ban sao vin ban

1

a)

TINH HINH THUC HIEN NHIEM

V V

I NHUNG KET QUA

1 Pham vi v& doi tupng ap dung

a )

2 Cac yeu cau ve noi dung cua van ban

Noi dung cua van ban phai dap ung duac nhung yeu cau ca ban sauday:

a) Ngi dung van ban phai co tinh muc dich

Van ban phai the hien duac muc tieu va giai han cua no, tuc la phaitra lai duac cac cau hoi: Ban hanh de lam gi? Giai quyet moi quan he nao?Giai quyet den dau? Ti'nh muc dich cua van ban con phai the hien trong khanang phan anh duac muc tieu cua cac chu truang duang loi chi'nh sach cua

b) Van ban phai co tinh khoa hoc

Van ban co ti'nh khoa hoc la van ban co du luong thong tin quy pham

va thong tin thuc te can thiet Cac su kien, bien co, hay noi cach khac noi

dung cua van ban phai chinh xac, khong dung nhung thong tin, su kien qua

cu, qua lac hau Noi dung cac menh lenh, y tuong phai ro rang, mach lac,

khong bi nguai doc hieu nham Do vay nguai soan thao can phai dua vao

7 O

cac can cu khoa hoc sau de the hien noi dung:

• Can cu vao cac vin ban phap quy cua Nha nuoc va cac quy djnh cua

nganh;

• Can cu vao y do cua cac nha lanh dao;

• Can cu vao cac ly thuyet khoa hoc;

• Can cu vao tinh hinh thuc te cua cac don vi

c) Van ban phai co tinh kha thi

Van ban co tinh kha thi la van ban phai dap ung cac van de nhu: Phai

dua ra duoc nhung van de xuat phat tir yeu cau khach quan ciia thuc tien

gan vcri nhung dieu kien cu the nhat dinh, tinh hinh cua doi tuong, kha nang

moi mat ciia doi tuong thuc hien van ban, yeu cau ve trach nhiem thi hanh

hop ly, nghia la phii hop voi trinh do, nang luc, kha nang moi mat cua doi

tuong thi hanh, phu hop voi yeu cau cua cac quy luat khach quan Moi quy

nghia la van ban phai co kha nang thuc hien duoc thang loi va co hieu qua

Tren thuc te, co khong it van ban khong the hien duoc chuan muc do, co

chang chi la y chii quan ciia nguoi ban hanh ma thoi

d) Van ban phai co tinh quy pham

ham chua nhirng van de co tinh quy pham Tinh quy pham thuong duoc the

hien duoi hinh thuc nhung menh lenh, nhirng yeu cau, nhirng cam doan va

ca nhung huong dan hanh vi, cach xir su ciia doi tuong tiep nhan van ban

Mot van ban ma noi dung co tinh quy pham la van ban, ma trong do co chua

nhung gia dinh (nhung dieu kien, hoan canh va chu the can tac dong), trong

truong do thi chu the phai xir su nhu the nao (quy dinh) va neu khong thuc

hien duoc thi se bi xir ly nhu the nao (che tai) Tren thuc te, khong phai moi

van ban deu co tinh quy pham, ma chi nhung van ban mang tinh phap li nhu van ban quy pham phap luat va van ban ap dung quy pham phap luat thi tinh quy pham moi duoc the hien ro Tinh quy pham con the hien nguoi soan

ap dung trong nhirng van ban it nhieu mang tinh phap ly, hay la co so dam bao tinh phap ly cua cac don vi co quan to chuc kinh te xa hoi trong qua

CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM

D qc lap - Tu- do - Hanh phuc

Quoc hieu duoc trinh bay 6 dong dau tien, trang dau tien trong pham

vi khoang 1/2 ve phia phai cua van ban Theo quy uoc dong dau la phong chu "Times new roman, co 12-13", viet in hoa, dung, dam, canh giua Dong duai la phong c h ir" Times new roman, co 13-14", viet thuong, dung, dam,

canh giua, viet hoa am dau cua moi tir va giua cac tir cach nhau bai dau

Giao trinh KY THUA T S P A N THA6 VAN B A N KINH T i VA QUAN TRI DOANH NGHl$P

Chteong K Nh&ng van d& chung v& #$n ban

jgach ngang Neu viet tay thi dong dau viet in hoa, dong sau viet thuong IDuoi dong “Doc lap - Tu do - Hanh phuc” co gach duai (khong phai gach tchan)

b Ten cor quan, to chuc ban hanh van ban

Neu ca quan true thuoc thi phai ghi ten ca quan chu quan truac tir cap too chu quan hoac Uy ban nhan dan tinh hoac thanh pho den dan vi ra van toan Vi du

BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAO

T R U IN G DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

IDoi vai van ban ra chung cua cac dan vi thi phai ghi ro lien dan vi do Vi cdu:

LIEN BQ TAI CHINH - QUOC PHONG

Ten ca quan, to chuc ban hanh van ban ghi a dong dau tien, trang dauttien trong pham vi khoang 1/2 ve phia trai van ban Neu danh may thuong

q u ar ngang bo (thuoc Chinh phu, Nha nuac va Quoc hoi), Hoi dong nhan

d an, uy ban nhan dan cac cap; doan dai bieu quoc hoi cua tinh, thanh pho

ttrurc thuoc trung uang; cac tap doan kinh te nha nuac; cac tong cong ty 91 kchOrg ghi co quan chu quan Duai dan vi ra van ban co gach ngang giua dong (khong phai gach chan) khoang 1/3-1/2 ten ca quan, to chuc ban hanh wan :>an Vi du:

U B N D T i N H Q U A N G B IN H V IE N K H O A H O C X A HC)1 V N

Giao trinh KY THUA T S P A N THAO VAN B A N KINH i t VA QUAN TRI DOANH NGHIE>

mang so 01 Neu la van ban quy pham phap luat thi ben canh so con gii

nam ban hanh So ghi bang chu so A rap

Ki hieu van ban la chu cai dau cua to hop ten loai van ban va ten cia don vi ra van ban, bao gom 2 phan: Ki hieu cua ten loai van ban va ten (o quan ra van ban Doi voi van ban khong co ten goi (cong van) thi khong to

ki hieu ten van ban ma chi co ki hieu don vi ra van ban, co the ghi them ;i

hieu bo phan ra van ban Thi du: So: 15/QD-UB (quyet djnh so 15 cua ly

ban), S6: 2134/2008/ND-CP (nghi dinh 2134 cua Chinh phu), S6: 1461/U3

-V P (cong van so 1461 cua uy ban do van phong uy ban soan thao) Chir ;6

viet thuong, sau chu so co hai cham, ky hieu viet in hoa, giua so va ky hitu

co gach cheo, giua ky hieu ten van ban va don vi ra van ban co gach ngan^,

giua so, ky hieu va gach cheo khong co dau cach Voi cac van ban do nhitu

co quan cung ban hanh thi phai ghi lien co quan trong ki hieu, thi du St:1543/2008/TTLT-BTC-BYT (thong tu lien tjch do Bo Tai chinh va Bo Y eban hanh)

So va ki hieu van ban duoc viet ngay duoi ten co quan ban hanh vai

ban, viet thuong, kieu dung, ky hieu viet in hoa, giua so va nam hoac ky hi>u

co gach cheo, giua ky hieu ten van ban va don vj co gach ngang Thi du:

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO♦ • •

T R U IN G DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

S6: 152/QD-TCCB

d Dia danh, ngay thang

Dia danh la ten dia phuang nai ca quan ban hanh van ban dong tru sochinl Neu la ca quan trung uang dong tren dia ban tinh thi ghi dia danh la

Dia danh, ngay thang duac in thuang, nghieng, ca chu 13-14 ngay

durari iuoc hieu lech ve ben phai trang giay ngang voi so va ky hieu Chu cai

dam da danh viet hoa, sau dia danh co dau phay vi du: Ha Noi, ngay 05

lhtdin^02 nam 2011.

<i Ten loai van ban va trich yeu noi dung

Ten loai van ban la ten goi van ban theo phan loai van ban Thi du: B.ao do, To trinh Rieng cong van thi khong ghi ten van ban Ten loai van

ban droc viet bang chu in hoa, kho Ion, chinh giua trang giay duai dia danh

TRUdNS D *l HQC KINH t !q u 6 c DAN &

G iio trinh K ? THUA T S P A N THAO VAN B A N KSNH i t VA QUAN TR[ DOANH NGHI$P

t

vu Trich yeu noi dung duoc in ngay dudi ten loai van ban, in thuong, co 14, kieu dung, dam, dudi trich yeu co gach ngang (khong gach chan) tu 1/3-1/2 trich yeu Vi du:

QUYET DINH CUA HIEU TRUONG

thay bang dong: Kinh g u i: , con trich yeu noi dung duoc ghi ngay dudi

so va ki hieu cua van ban, chu ve viec (V/v), trich yeu (T/y) Vi du

BAO CAO TINH HINH THI/C HIEN KE HOACH NAM 2010

>

v an tan phai dap ung cac yeu cau sau:

■S Phu hop voi hinh thuc van ban duoc sir dung;

V Phil hop voi duong loi, chinh sach cua Dang, phu hop voi quy djnh c:iia phap luat;

V Trinh bay ngan gon, ro rang, chinh xac;

V Sir dung ngon ngu viet, cach dien dat don gian de hieu;

S Chi viet tat nhung tir, cum tir thong dung, nhung tir thuoc ngon ngu

tiieng Viet de hieu Doi voi nhung cum tir duoc sir dung nhieu lan trong van

•

m m TgudiMMM hqcki^h tf ou6c i®NSi!l!IISIl!!S!illl8S!iSIIII#l

Giao trinh KY THUA T S P A N THAO VAN B AN KJNH T i VA QUAN TR[ DO ANH NGHI$P

* Viet hoa trong van ban phai theo quy dinh cua phu luc VI Viet hoa

trong van ban hanh chinh cua Thong tu so:01/2011/TT-BNV ban hanh ngay

19 thang 01 nam 2011 cua Bo Noi vu ve the thuc van ban

h) C h itk i

Day la thanh phan dam bao gia tri phap ly va hieu luc thi hanh cua van ban Phai la nguai co tham quyen ki vao van ban thi van ban moi co gia tri phap li Dieu nay da duoc quy dinh a mot so van ban quy pham phap luat da ban hanh Chu ki bao gom chuc vu, chu ky, ho va ten duoc ghi a sau noi dung ve phia phai van ban, ngang vofi •"nai nhan" Chuc vu viet in hoa, dung, dam, ca 13-14, ho va ten viet in thuong, dung, dam, ca 13-14 Neu thay mat, ky thay hoac thua lenh, thira uy quyen (TM, KT, TL, TUQ) thi phai ghi ro ky thay mat ai hoac thua lenh ai va ghi ro chuc vu cua nguai ky Doi vai cac truang djii hbc, vien nghien ciru, ca quan y te truac ho va ten co the ghi them hoc hacn, hpc vi, cac dan vi cong an, quan doi co the ghi quan ham, con cac dap vi khac khong duac ghi hoc ham hoc vi Vi du:

THU- TRlTONG

Neu thay mat hoi dong, ban, trung tarn ma khong co chirc nang thuong true thi can ghi thay mat ai va ghi chirc vu trong hoi dong, ban, trung tam do, sau do ghi chirc vu chinh quyen ciia nguai ky, vi du nhu:

I I t I h & n £*> a i h o c ki nh te q u 6 c d a n :

TM HQI 06NG KT TR U IN G BAN

ki van ban) Noi nhan duac chia thanh may nhom sau:

- Nhom co trach nhiem thi hanh;

7

- Nhom de bao cao;

- Nhom de phoi hap;

- Luu van thu

Rieng vai cong van nai nhan chinh con duac ghi a ngay duai dia danh

va ngay thang (Kinh gui: ) Con vai ta trinh thi nai nhan chinh duac ghingay duai trich yeu noi dung cua ta trinh (Kinh gui: ) Nai nhan canduac ghi r5 rang, dung doi tuong, ngan gon va hap ly Nai nhan viet in

G/ao trinh KY THU£TSOgN THAO VAN B A N W NH T i VA QUAN TR^DOANH N G H § P

I) Cac thanh phan khac

S D^u chi muc do "mat" va "khin": DSu chi muc do "mat" va "khan”

la dau hieu chi pham vi pho bien va yeu cau chuyen van ban nhanh hay binh thuong Co 3 mire do mat: "mat", "toi mat" va "tuyet mat" va 3 muc do

k h k : "khin", "thuong khin" va "hoa tdc" Muc do "mat" va "khin" cua van ban la do nguoi ki co tham quyen quy dinh Dau chi mire do "mat" va

"khan" duoc dong a duai so va ki hieu cua van ban va co mau do

S Dau chi dan van ban gom: “Tra lai sau khi hop”, “Luu hanh noi

bo”, “xem xong tra lai” duoc dong cung cho voi dau chi muc do khan va mat

v Doi voi van ban can quan ly chat co the dong dau thu hoi d le tren quoc hieu, co the ghi ky hieu nguoi danh may va so ban (M 12 tuc la co Mai danh may 12 ban) ghi o duoi cac don vi nhan van ban

S Doi voi cong van co the ghi them dia chi, so dien thoai, telex, fax,

III QUY TRINH SOAN THAO VAN BAN

Soan thao van ban la mot viec rat quan trong, doi hoi ngudi soan thao phai co trinh do nhat dinh, phai co du trinh do chuyen mon moi co the soan thao duoc mot van ban co chat luang tot, dat duoc nhung muc dich va yeu

1 Giai doan chuan bi

• Xac dinh hoan canh buc xuc xuat hien van ban;

• Xac dinh muc dich cua van ban;

• Xac dinh noi dung cua van ban;

• Xac dinh ten cua van ban;

• Xac dinh can cu cho van ban gom:

S Can cu vao cac van ban phap quy cua Nha nuoc va cac quy dinh

cua nganh,

S Can cu vao y do cua cac nha lanh dao,

S Can cu vao cac ly thuyet khoa hoc,

r

• Can cu vao tinh hinh thuc te cua cac don vi.

2 Giai doan soan thao de cirong

De cuong la ban ghi nhung van de co ban nhat, cot yeu nhat de duavao do m£ phat trien ra khi nghien cuu trinh bay thanh mot van de hoac vietthanh mot van ban hoan chinh Voi y nghla do, soan thao de cuong la giai

thao mot ce cuong thong thucmg bao gom nhung buoc cong viec sau day:

- Soui de cuong so bo: De cuong so bo la dan bai co ban cua van ban,

muc can the hien ro ban chat cua van ban trong khong gian va thai gian cu the

- Soxn de cuong chi tiet: De cuong chi tiet la su cu the hoa de cuong

so bo tharh cac dan y co ban cho cac tieu de, de muc Khi lap ra cac dan y

do, chung ta can chu y dien dat cac so lieu thanh bieu bang, co the the hien

Grao tri'nh k ? TH 0 £T $ O £ N VAN B M J Q N H Tt VA QUAN TRf DOANH AfGfflgF

M lu trinh bay van ban co ten goi (Kho giSy A4)

T e n C Q ,T C ra V B

So va ki hieu VB Dau chi m uc do

"mat", "khan” va chi dan

Chuong I Nhung van de chung ve van ban

M iu trinh bay cong van (kho gi£y A4)

Ten CQ,TC ra VB

So va ki hi?u VB

Trich yeu npi dung

Nai nhan

Ky hieu ngudi DM

jC M c vu nguai ki VB

Ky ten Dong dau

20-25 mm

Dja chi so di?n thoai, telex, fax

G/ao tr/n/> KV THUA T $ 0 £ N THAO VAN B A N KJNH 7t VA QUAN TRI DOANH^ NGHj£P\

4 Giai doan sua van ban

Sau khi viet xong van ban, can phai kiem tra lai toan bo van ban xem cach bo cuc, cach trinh bay, lap luan, chu nghla cau cu, van pham, loi chinh ta Day la khau quan trong boi vi khong it truang hap bi nham lan, thieu logic, sai ve sir dung tir va van pham, mac loi chinh ta Van ban hien nay

5 Giai doan xet duy^t, ki va ban hanh van ban

Van ban sau khi sira xong thi duac chuyen cho nguai co trach nhiemduyet Qua trinh duyet van ban la qua trinh phat hien ra cac diem sau:

* Van ban da dam bao the hien day du y do ciia lanh dao chua;

» Van ban da tuan thu day du cac yeu cau ciia luat phap, chinh sach ciia Nha nuoc va cac quy dinh cua cap tren hay chua;

S Noi dung ciia van ban da day dii chua;

S The thirc da dung voi quy dinh chua;

Chtpong / Nhung van de chung ve van ban

S Van pham va cau da chuan muc chua.

Sau khi nguai duyet van ban thong qua, thi van ban duac nhan ban theo dung so luang da xac dinh tai nai nhan Sau do nguai soan thao de

ca biet Khong phai bao gia nguai soan thao van ban cung phai soan thao

TOM Lvgc CUOI BAI

• Van ban la tap hap ngon ngu viet nham truyen di nhung thong tin nhat dinh den nguai sir dung Hay noi cach khac, van ban la tap hop ngon

ngu viet nham truyen dat y chi ciia ca nhan hay to chirc toi cac ca nhan hay

to chirc khac vai muc dich thong bao hay doi hoi doi tuong tiep nhan phai

Clio THAO VAN BA N KINH f t VA QUAN TRI DOANH NGH!$P

• Van ban trong doanh nghiep duac chia thanh cac lop nhu sau: Van ban tac nghiep hanh chi'nh, Van ban hap dong dan sir, Van ban hap dong kinh te thuang mai, Van ban quan ly kinh te, Van ban quan ly to chuc

• Van ban can dap ung cac yeu cau ve noi dung nhu: Noi dung phai co tinh muc dich, co tinh quy pham, co tinh khoa hoc va tinh kha thi

• Van ban phai tuan thu theo quy dinh the thuc cua Nha nuac The thuc van ban la nhung thanh phan can thiet phai co cung nhu cach thuc trinh bay cac thanh phan do trong mot van ban de dam bao tinh thong nhit, tinh phap ly, noi dung va hieu lire thi hanh The thuc van ban chi duac ap dung trong nhung van ban it nhieu mang tinh phap ly, hay la ca sd dam bao tinh phap ly cua cac dan vi ca quan to chuc kinh te xa hoi trong qua trinh hoat dong

CAU HOI ON TAP

1 Tai sao xa hoi can sir dung cac he thong van ban trong cong tac to chuc quan ly xa hoi?

2 Cac khai niem chung va rieng cua van ban, chung khac nhau nhu the nao?

3 Cac chuc nang ca ban cua van ban va vai tro ciia chung trong quan

Chuong II

Ngon ngu la cong cu dien dat van ban, do vay no can duac su dung mot cach chinh xac Su chinh xac cua ngon ngu quyet dinh rat ldn den chat luong cua van ban, vi vay ngudi soan thao van ban can hieu duac ban chat cua ngon ngu va cach dung no trong van ban Ngon ngu trong van ban chat

•>

che han va chuan muc bon ngdn ngu thong thudng chung ta sir dung, vi vay nguori soan thao van ban can phai hieu ro dieu nay de sir dung cho chi'nh xac

N 91 dung cua chirong bao gom:

S Tao lap van ban;

S Cac phong cach ngon ngu trong van ban;

S Cac quy dinh ngon ngu trong van ban.

Muc tieu co* ban cua chuang la hieu duac cach sir dung ngon ngu

Muc tieu cy the la:

S Hieu ducrc cac chu de chung va chu de bo phan de tao lap van ban;

wao /iet van ban

Gtia trinh KY THUATSOAN THAO VANBAN KINH T& VA QUAN TR[ DOANH NGHIEP

I TAO LAP VA TRINH BAY NOI DUNG VAN BAN• • •

1 Xac djnh chu de chung va chu de bo phan cua van ban

a) Vai tro ciia xac dinh chu de chung va chu de bo phan

Day la budc quan trong dau tien ma ngudi viet van ban can tien hanh

nhat dinh se hinh thanh len de cuong so bo cua van ban

Vi du: Hay xac djnh chu de chung va chu de bo phan cua mot bao cao

vdi tua de la: Thuc trang - Nguyen nhan - Giai phap cua tinh hinh nghien

ma tuy trong hoc sinh, sinh vien Ta xac dinh ngay chu de chung cua van ban nay la tinh hinh nghien ma tuy trong hoc sinh, sinh vien Ha Noi hien

nay Chu de nay duac trien khai bdi cac chu de bo phan:

1) Thuc trang cua tinh hinh nghien ma tuy trong hoc sinh, sinh vien,2) Cac nguyen nhan cua sir nghien ma tuy trong hoc sinh, sinh vien.3) Nhung giai phap de ngan chan te nan ma tuy trong hoc sinh, sinh vien

b) Cac quan he xac dinh chu de chung va chu de bo phan

Co nhieu nhan to giup cho viec xac lap chu de chung va chu de bo phan cua van ban Sau day la cac ca sd quan he khach quan va chu quan cua viec xac lap

1 * TRtfdNG D*l HQC KINH TE QU6c DAN

C h u vn gl.Sird yn gn g& n ngdr trong y in b in

* Cac quan he mang tinh khach quan la quan he the hien tinh chat

hoa, tap quan, tin nguang ton tai xung quanh doi tuong

* Cac quan he mang tinh chu quan la thai do chu quan cua nguai viet,

bo phan co nhieu chu de co tinh chat tuong ducrng, ngudi viet co the sap xep

no theo quan diem chu quan cua minh tuy thuoc vao sd thich cua minh ma dat trudc, dat sau theo mot y do nao do

2 Xay du*ng co so* lap luan cho van ban

a) Lap luan va cac yeu to cua lap luan van ban

Muon van ban thuyet phuc duac ngudi doc thi lap luan giu vai tro quan trong Lap luan la dua vao sir that dang tin cay va cac ly le day du, xac

bang, cai dao due xa hoi lam muc tieu xuyen suot bai viet, con viet theo

TR Vtim 0*1 NQC KINH TI O l6 c DAN 33

m o trinh K ? T H M T S O A N THAO VAN B A N K M H T i VA QUAN TRt DOANH NGHI$P

quan diem chinh trj thi lay su ap dat quyen lire lam muc tieu xuyen suot bai

biet de ho hieu duac y do cua minh

Luan chung la cac chung cu cua lap luan nham lam sang to noi dung

truac day nhu bien ban, bao cao, cong van Ngudi viet thudng dung chung

cu de minh chung cho mot ket luan, mot danh gia, mot quy djnh, mot giaiphap nao do cua van ban

Trong ba yeu to tren, luan chung dong vai tro rat quan trong Vi vay

ngudi viet can chu y den mot so cach luan chung sau day:

S Dien dich la cach suy luan xuat phat tir mot chan ly chung pho bien

ma suy ra cac chan ly cu the va cac bieu hien cu the trong thuc te

S Qui nap la cach suy luan di tir nhung chung cu cu the suy ra nhirng

nhan dinh tong quat va khai quat thanh ly luan hoac quy luat

S Phoi hap dien djch va qui nap la viec sir dung nen ciia quy nap co

dan xen dien dich hoac su dung nen cua dien dich co dan xen quy nap

De lap luan van ban duac chat che, co sire thuyet phuc, ngudi viet

can phai chu y den cac yeu cau sau:

S Cac luan diem phai duac trinh bay mot cach r5 rang, mach lac;

S He th6ng ly le phai duac dan dat, sap dat theo mot trinh tu khoa

hoc, hap ly;

S Cac dan chung can phai chi'nh xac, dang tin cay, phu hap vai luan

diem ia neu

b) Chuyen doan trong van ban

Trong van ban, cac phan, cac y vira phai duac trinh bay tach bach, doc

lap vori nhau, vira phai lien ket chat che de tao thanh van ban thong nhat hoan ;hinh Chuyen doan tuc la dung cac tir ngu hoac cau van the hien dung moi quan he noi dung gifta cac phan, cac y de lien ket chung lai lam cho bai viet lien mach, sinh dong hap dan duac ngudi doc Co hai cach chuyen doan nhu siu:

@ Cach 1: Dung cac ket tir hoac cac ngu tuong duang vdi ket tir Cac

ket tii va ngu thudng dung la: trudc tien, trudc het, thoat tien, mot la, hai la,

lai, noi tom lai, tong ket lai, chung qui lai (noi cac doan co y nghTa tong ket

vdi cic doan van trudc)

@ Cach 2: Dung cau chuyen doan thudng co hai cach sau:

S Chem vao mach vSn nhirng cau thong bao true tiep ve y dinh

chuyen doan cua ngudi viet Vf du: Phan tren, chung toi dung ve nguai san

xuat na phe phan tac dung ciia lam hang gia Cung co the dung ve phia

3 Ca:h thuc trinh bay n§i dung van ban

a) Xay dung ket cau van ban

@ Ket cau cua van ban duac the hien thong qua de cuong sa bo ciia

van ban De cuong so bo la dan bai co ban cua van ban, duac bieu hien bang ^oi ten chinh xac cac tieu de, de muc cua van ban Moi tieu de hay de muc phan anh noi dung can co trong van ban Cac tieu de, de muc can the