Hoàn thiện chế độ sở hữu đất đai trong điều kiện kinh tế thị trường ở khu vực tây nguyên

Cong dong dan cu Tay Nguyen dang luu y la khong thuan nhat, trinh do san xuat va dan tn co su chenh lech rat xa, do do trong long no chua dung nhung van de phai dang quan tam, giai quyet

TYJHiXG DAI HOC KINH TC QUOC DAN

103

NGUYEN VAN TUNG

TRONG DIEU KIEN KINH TE THI TROONG

Chuyen nganh: K i nh t§ Ch i nh tri

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Md DAU 1

CHU0NG 1 CH< DO Sd HUU DAT DAI - MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN 5

1.1 Khai niem, ban chat va noi dung cua che do sd huu - sd huu dat dai 5

1.1.1 Chiem hufu va sd hufu 5

1.1.2 Chu the, doi tudng sd hufu, quan he sd hull, che do sd hull, hinh thufe sd hufu 7

1.1.3 Dat dai, sd hufu dat dai - khai niem, dac diem 12

1.2 Nhung van de co ban ve che do sd huu dat dai trong nen kinh te thi trudng 18

1.2.1 Dac dem chung veche do sd hull dat dai trong nen kinh tethitnfdng 18

1.2.2 Dac diem chung ve che do sd hull dat dai trong nen kinh te hang hoa nhieu thanh phan 6 nude ta 20

1.3 Su can thiet hoan thien che do sd huu dat dai d nude ta hien nay 22

CHlfCfNG 2 THUC TRANG CHE DO sd HOU DAT DAI O KHU VUC TAY NGUYEN 28

2.1 Dac diem kinh te - xa hoi moi trudng cua khu vuc Tay Nguyen 28

2.1.1 Gidi thieu cac tinh Tay Nguyen 28

2.1.2 Tinh hinh phat trien kinh te ddi song cua khu vufe Tay Nguyen 35

2.2 Thue trang qua trinh chiem huu cua sd huu dat dai khu vuc Tay Nguyen 40

2.3 Tac dong cua sd huu ddi dai den kinh te - xa hoi d Tay Nguyen va nhung van de dat ra hien nay ddi vdi sd huu dat dai d Tay Nguyen 50

CHE* DQ Sd HLfU DAT DAI 6 KHU VUC TAY NGUYEN 57

3.1 Quan diem cd ban dinh hucfng hoan thien che do sd hCtu 57

3.1.1 Mot so quan diem cd ban dinh htfcmg hoan thien che do sd hub 57

3.1.2 Nhutog quan diem cd ban dinh htfdng hoan thien che do sd hub

dat dai 61

3.2 Mot so giai phap chu yeu nham hoan thien che do sd hdu dat dai noi chung va khu ui/c Tay Nguyen noi rieng trong dieu kien nen kinh te thi trddng 64

3.2.1 Mot sd giai phap chu yeu nham hoan thien che do sd hCtb dat dai 64

82

KET LUAN

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 84

-Bahnar, dJArai,RhAde va Kaho

(Bon dan toe ldn tren Tay Nguyen)

- ChitOng trinh phu xanh dat trong doi nui troc

- ChitOng trinh ve giai quyet dat d va dat san xuat cho

dong bao dan toe tai cho

- ChitOng trinh phat then kinh te xa hoi d cac xa dac biet

kho khan mien nui, vung sau, vung xa

- ChitOng trinh kham chufa benh cho ngitdi ngheo

- ChitOng trinh bo tri nha d cho gia dinh chfnh sach va

ho ngheo

- ChitOng trinh ve xay difng co set vat chat tritdng hoc

- Chuting trinh ve viec dinh hifctng dai han, ke hoach

5 nam 2001-2005 va nhufng giai phap co ban phat trien

kinh te - xa hoi vung Tay Nguyen

- Doanh nghiep Nha nitdc

- DiI an trong mdi 5 trieu ha rifng

- Dd la My

- Mat tran thong nhat dau tranh cua cac dan toe bi ap bite

(Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Oppimees)

- Ngan hang the gicri

- Quy ho trp phat trien chfnh thut

FULRO

WBODA

Bieu 1: Hien trang sft dung dat nam 2003 phan theo dia phu’Png 31

Bieu 2: Dien tfch ruing nam 2004 khu vut Tay Nguyen 32

Bieu 3: Dan so trung binh vung Tay Nguyen 34

Bieu 4: Dan so thanh thi, nong thon trung binh vung Tay Nguyen 35

Bieu 5: Hien trang sU dung dat nam 2003 phan theo dia phu’Ong 50

Bieu 6: Ti le ho doi ngheo nam 2002 theo chuan Viet Nam va quoc te 52 Bieu 7: Dien tfch hUng bi chay vung Tay Nguyen 54

Bieu 8: Dien tfch rUng bi chat pha vung Tay Nguyen 54

Bieu 9: Dien tfch rUng trong tap trung vung Tay Nguyen 54

MO DAU

1 T I NH CAP THIET CUA D E T^l :

Trong xa hoi co truyen d Tay Nguyen, da't dai thuoc quyen sd huu cua tung lang Ngudi dai dien quyen sd huu do la chu lang, duqc coi nhu co thdn uy thac Quyen sd huu tap the nay do lang chap nhan Ngudi dan duqc quyen su dung dal rung va duqc binh dang thUa hudng san vat cua rUng

Cong dong dan cu Tay Nguyen dang luu y la khong thuan nhat, trinh do san xuat va dan tn co su chenh lech rat xa, do do trong long no chua dung nhung van de phai dang quan tam, giai quyet nhu van de quyen lqi kinh te, khai thac tai nguyen dat dai nong nghiep; rung va dat rung; van de mac cam dan toc, ve muc song, lo'i sdng va dan tri

Ba muoi nam sau ngay giai phong (1975 - 2005), dac biet gan 20 nam phat trien theo dudng lo'i doi mdi, dudi su lanh dao cua Dang, duqc su quan tam cua Nha nudc, kinh te - xa hoi Tay Nguyen co nhung budc phat trien vuqt bac ve toe do tang trudng kinh te, xay dung co sd vat chat ky thuat, ket cau ha tang, khai thac duqc mot phan tiem nang, lqi the cho phat trien kinh te, dua co cau san xuat nong nghiep chuyen dich theo hudng md rong san xuat hang hoa, hinh thanh cac vung chuyen canh san xuat cay cong nghiep tap trung, tung budc gan vdi cong nghiep che bien, san xuat cong nghiep chuyen bien kha manh, xay dung mdi nhieu nha may, xi nghiep lam thay doi bo mat kinh te -

xa hoi Tay Nguyen Ddi song cua dai bo phan nhan dan duqc cai thien, quoc phong - an ninh va trat tu xa hoi duqc giu vung

Tuy nhien, tai vung Tay Nguyen, trong thdi gian qua tinh trang dat dai cua cac dan toc thieu so co nhung bien dong manh me

Ngay sau ngay giai phong, sd huu toan dan ve dat dai da duoc ban hanh b Tay Nguyen Vdi chu truong nay, sd him dat dai tap the cua cac buon lang co truyen d Tay Nguyen cung mac nhien khong con duoc thira nhan.

Tinh trang di cu tu do tiir cac noi den day ngay cang nhieu, lam nay sinh nhung va'n dd xa hoi phurc tap, viec mua ban sang nhuong dat dai trai phep da day mot bo phan dong bao dan toe thieu so tai chd trd thanh ngubi khong co dat san xua't, khien cho ho ngay cang lan vao nhung vung sau hon pha rung lam nuong rly, roi lai ban, roi lai pha rung

Tur ngan xua, rirng da gan bo vdi cuoc song cua dong bao dan toe thieu

so Sau ngay giai phong, rirng do cac nong lam trudng quan ly nhung hieu qua chua cao Ddi song nhan dan kho khan cang gay ap luc manh me den tai nguyen rumg, lam cho rung bi tan pha nghiem trong

Viec quy hoach khong hop ly dan den tinh trang sir dung kem hieu qua dien tfch dat, rirng duoc giao va gay mau thuan giUa ngudi kinh vdi dong bao ban dia

Co cdu dau tu cho Tay Nguyen con bat hop ly, von dau tu chu yeu mdi tap trung vao khu vuc do thi, trong khi vung sau, vung xa con kho khan thi lai chua dau tu thoa dang

Chua cd su quan tarn dung mire tdi su phat trien cua dong bao dan toe thieu so' tai chd

Cd the noi che do so huu dat dai truyen thong cua cac dan toe Tay Nguyen da khong duoc thira nhan, cac co sd kinh te quoc doanh cung nhu cac khu kinh te mdi da khoanh chiem nhung vung dat dai mau mo, thuan lqi, tham chf chiem ca nhung vung da't von thuoc so huu cua cac lang dong bao roi yeu cau ho phai ddi den nhung noi khac thudng dat dai kem mau md hon Dieu do gay ra tarn ly bi chiem dat va la nguyen nhan cua nhung mau thuan tiem an

trong vung nong thon khu vuc Su thieu sot trong cong tac quan ly cua hinhquyen dia phuong, cac nganh, cung vdi str tac dong ben ngoai da gay nen su

tuqng bi luc luong thu dich loi keo vao thang 2/2001

Tit nhung bat cap va bdc xuc cua van de so huu da't dai noi chung

va khu vuc Tay Nguyen noi rieng, can thiet phai giai quyet van de sd huu da't dai phu hop vdi yeu cau phat trien kinh te thi trudng theo dinh hudng XHCN

Xuat phat tir thuc te do, vdi de tai “ Hoan thien che do sd huu dat daitrong dieu kien kinh te thi trudng d khu vuc Tay Nguyen”, tac gia mong muon dua ra nhung giai phap co can cd khoa hoc va thuc ti6n gop phan giai quyet van de buc xuc dd

Qua nghien clru ly luan va khao sat thuc trang ve van de sd huu va hieu qua su dung dat dai khu vuc Tay Nguyen , luan van:

- Gop phan lam ro nhung van de ly luan ve sd huu noi chung, chu yeu ve

sd huu dat dai

- Danh gia duoc thuc trang sd huu dat dai d Tay Nguyen - Chi ra nhung thanh tun, han che va nguyen nhan han che

- Kien nghi mot so giai phap nham hoan thien che do sd huu dat dai d Tay Nguyen

*De tai tap trung nghien cun su chiem huu , sd huu va su dung dat dai

*Hudng trong tarn giai quyet va'n de sd huu va hoan thien che do sd huu dat dai khu vuc Tay Nguyen

4 PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU:

De tai sir dung phuong phap duy vat bien chung, duy vat lich sir, phuong phap tiep can he thong, phuong phap dieu tra, khao sat, so sanh va phuong phap phan tich, tong hop thong ke nham nghien cun thuc trang va giai phap

hoan thien che do sd huu da't dai khu vuc Tay Nguyen.

* Thit nhat, he thong hoa cac va'n de ly luan va thuc ti£n van de sd huu

noi chung, chu trong che do sd huu da't dai

* Thit hai, phan tfch thuc trang sd huu dat dai ca nude noi chung va Tay

Nguyen noi rieng, rut ra ket luan ve cac ket qua dat duoc, nhung ton tai vudng mac ve che do sd huu da't dai

kha nang thuc thi nham hoan thien che do sd huu dat dai d khu vuc TayNguyen

Ngoai ldi noi dau , ket luan, muc luc, danh muc cac tai lieu tham khao, luan van gom 3 chuong:

Chuang I: Che do sd huu dat dai- Mot sd va'n de ly luan va thuc ti6n

Chuang II: Thuc trang che do sd huu da't dai d khu vuc Tay Nguyen

Chuang III: Nhung quan diem dinh hudng va nhung giai phap nham hoan

thien che dd sd huu da't dai d khu vuc Tay Nguyen

Trong hoc thuyet Mac-Lenin, vdn de sd huu co vi tri cue ky quan trong Mac viet: "That vay, tat ca nhung cuoc canh mang goi la nhung cuoc each mang chfnh tri, tur cuoc each mang dau tien den cuoc each mang cuoi cung, deu duqc tien hanh de bao ho sd huu thuoc mot loai nao do, ".

Sd hitu va chiem hitu co quan he mat thiet vdi nhau nhung khong dong nhdt vdi nhau Can tach bach giita chiem hitu tit nhien cua con ngitdi ditcfc coi

la tat yeu khach quan trong moi thdi dai vdi sd hitu chi xuat hien trong nhitng thdi dai lich sicnhdt dinh.

Con ngudi sinh ra tit tu nhien De ton tai va phat trien, con ngudi phai dua vao tu nhien, chiem huu tu nhien de thoa man nhu cau nhdt dinh Theo Ph.Anghen: "Diem khac biet can ban giua xa hoi loai ngudi vdi xa hoi loai vat

la d chd: loai vat may 1dm chi hai luom, trong khi con ngudi san xuat"

Ve mat lich su chiem huu co trudc sd huu Chiem hitu la bieu hien giita

con ngitdi vdi tit nhien, la hanh vi gdn lien vdi su ton tai va phat trien cua con

ngudi, ton tai khach quan trong moi thdi dai Chiem huu la pham tru khach quan, tat yeu, vinh vidn, la dieu kien trudc tien cua hoat dong lao dong san xuat Mac viet: "Bat ky nen san xuat nao cung deu la viec con ngudi chiem huu nhung vat pham cua tu nhien trong pham vi mot hinh thai xa hoi nhat dinh va thong qua hinh thai do

huu til buoi ban dau cua loai ngudi la nhung cai cd sdn trong tu nhien, cung

vdi sir phat trien cua luc luqng san xuat, cac chu the khong chi chiem huu tu nhien ma ca xa hoi, tu duy (tn tue), than the, chiem huu nhung cai huu hinh va

ca chiem huu vo hinh

Trong kinh te, chiem huu khong chi gicti han bdi su chiem huu dau tien (yeu to va dieu kien cua san xuat tide san xuat) ma con chiem huu qua phan phoi, trao doi va tieu dung

Sd hitu la quart he xa hoi -la quan he gitra ngudi vdi ngudi trong viec

chiem huu vat mang tinh dac thu thfch dng vdi mdi hinh thai kinh te -xa hoi khong phu thuoc vao y muon chu quan cua con ngudi Sd huu chi xuS't hien trong nhung thdi dai lich su nhat dinh va phu thuoc vao su phat trien cua luc luqng san xuat Sd huu la hinh thuc xa hoi cua chiem hiJu trong mot hinh thai kinh te xa hoi nhat dinh, cd tinh lich su cua viec chiem huu cua cai vat chat va thong qua quan he xa hoi ay thoa man nhu cau cua minh; sd huu khong phai quan he giua ngudi vdi vat ma la quan he xa hoi giua ngudi vdi ngudi doi vdi vat Sd huu la quan he kinh te chit khong phai la quan he y chi cua con ngudi

trong xa hoi Sd huu quyet dinh he thong chinh tri chu khong phai nguqc lai.

Khai niem chiem huu khai quat hon khai niem sd huu Ngudi chiem huu chua chSc la ngudi sd huu; ngudi sd hull duong nhien phai la ngudi chiem huu

Quan he sd hitu ludn bien doi, khong cd mot hinh thuc sd huu ton tai

vinh vidn Nguyen nhan la su phat trien cua luc luong san xuat mdi, doi hoi phai cd quan he sd huu mdi phu hop C.Mac da chi ra co sd khach quan quyet dinh su ton tai cua mot hinh thuc sd huu nhat dinh nao dd, co sd khach quan quan trong nhat la su phat trien cua luc luqng san xuat

Su van dong, phat trien cua quan he sd hitu la mot qua trinh lich sit tu nhien Mot hinh thai xa hoi - vdi mot hinh thuc sd huu nhat dinh chi mat di,

mot hinh thai xa hoi vdi mot hinh thurc sd huu mdi chi ra ddi trong nhung dieu kien nhat dinh ngoai y muon chu quan cua con ngudi Theo C Mac: "Khong mot hinh thai xa hoi nao diet vong trudc khi tat ca nhung luc luqng san xua't

ma hinh thai xa hoi dd tao dia ban day du cho phat trien, van chua phat trien,

va nhung quan he san xuat mod, cao hon, cung khong bao gid xuat hien trudc khi nhung didu kien ton tai vat chat cua nhung quan he do chua chin muoi trong long ban than xa hoi cu”.

con ngubi co moi quan he kep Chfnh quan he giua ngudd vdi ngubi vdi doi tuong sb hiru mdi mang tinh chat kinh te -xa hoi va quy dinh trirdc het cac hinh thuc sd hull tai san, to chiic quan ly va phan phoi cua cai, thu nhap giua cac chu the sd huu va la co sd cua phuong thtfc san xua't Vi vay, sd huu quyet dinh dia vi cua cac chu the trong nen san xua't xa hoi

Doi titang sd hull (khach the) trudc het la nhung yeu to' vat cha't; cua cai

khoa hoc, cong nghe trd thanh luc luqng san xua't true tiep thi do'i tuong cung nhu co cau dd'i tuong sd huu ngay cang phong phu, khong ngurng chuyen bien

va md rong khong ngimg Khong chi cong cu lao dong, do'i tuong lao dong,

ma la toan bo tai san, nhan luc, thong tin, phat minh, sang che, kieu dang cong nghiep, ke ca tri tue cung trd thanh tu lieu san xua't, trd thanh do'i tuong sd huu Do'i tuong duqc de cap nhieu la sd huu von (tai chfnh, kha nang sinh

cong nghd, ) Trong thdi dai ngay nay, dd'i tuong sd huu ben canh da dang hoa, con co xu hudng xa hoi hoa; mot bo phan ldn tri thiic khoa hoc ngay cang

trcr thanh tri thiic chung cua nhan loai, md ra kha nang cho con ngudi cd nhieu

co hoi de tiep can va sd huu tri thue khoa hoc, nhung tien bo ky thuat va cong

vdi yeu cau cua tirng giai doan, khong vi pham quy luat kinh te khach quan nham mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao

Ve mat lich su, quan he sd huu vdi tu each nhung quan he kinh te cd trudc luat phap, luat phap chi la su the hien va nang len thanh nhung qui dinh phap luat nhung quan he khach quan von da ton tai trong ddi song; luat phap chi qui dinh gidi han, thira nhan tinh hop phap, chfnh dang cua quyen sd huu.Quan he sd huu can duoc the che hoa ve mat phap ly de di vao cuoc song

Khi quart he sd huu diMc the che hod ve mat phap ly bang he thong phap luat thi trd thanh che do sd hitu.

Che do sd huu duoc xac dinh dudi dang cac quyen: quyen sd huu, quyen

sd dung, quyen quan ly, quyen chi phd'i, quyen dinh doat, quyen ke thura, chuyen nhuqng, cho thue, the chap, quyen hien tang, pha huy, thu tieu ddi tuqng sd huu theo luat dinh Cac quyen tren cua quan he sd huu nam trong the thong nhdt mau thuan Noi gon lai, quyen sd huu cua chu the cd the gop vao 3 nhom quyen: quyen chiem huu, quyen su dung va quyen dinh doat ddi vdi ddi tuqng sd huu Cung vdi su phat trien cua luc luqng san xuat va quan he san xuat, cac quyen nay cung van dong, phat trien md rong, tap trung hoac phan tach Cac quyen tren cd the tap trung cho ngudi chu sd huu, cung cd the chu sd huu chuyen giao mot hay mot nhom quyen cho chu sd huu khac thuc hien trong khudn kho quyen sd huu cua minh da duoc luat phap qui dinh Chang han, chu sd huu ruong dat cd the chuyen quyen sir dung da't cho nha tu ban kinh doanh nong nghiep bang each cho thue ma khong anh hudng tdi quyen sd huu cua minh sau thdi han cho thue dat Dieu do cho tha'y kha nang phan giai, chuyen giao cac quyen cua chu sd huu, lam cho vai trd chu sd huu trd nen nang dong hon va dieu nay cd y nghTa trong hoat dong thuc tiln, trong viec da dang hoa cac quan he sd huu

Ban chat cua doi mdi kinh te va quan ly kinh te trudc het la su phan dinh

ro rang cac quyen tren va linh hoat van dung chung trong thuc te, nham khac phuc chu sd huu mat ca loi ich kinh te (thu nhap) va ddi tuong sd huu (von), con ngudi su dung(giam doc, doanh nghiep) trd thanh chu sd huu (d nude ta, hoi dong quan tri cua cac Tong cong ty la nhung “chu hd” nghia la thue lam chu, chu khong phai chu dich thuc), vi the khong chiu trach nhiem vat cha't va quan ly trudc ngudi chu sd huu, sd dung lang phi tien von, tai san cua nhan dan tao nen quoc nan tham nhung!

Thong qua he thong phap ly ma sd huu cd tinh on dinh tuong ddi vi phap

ly la su the hien nhung quan he khach quan da cd trong ddi song dudi dang nhdng qui dinh cua phap luat, la su phan anh hien thuc dudi dang phap luat cua Nha nude

Thong qua he thong phap ly, sd huu phai duoc the hien dudi dang thuc hien he thong loi ich kinh te Quan he loi fch bao gom dam bao loi ich cho nhom chu the sd huu dong thdi dam bao loi ich cho nhom chu the quan ly (sir dung) Nhu vay, dong luc kinh te bat nguon tur noi dung ben trong cua quan he

sd huu tao nen cac luc luqng giai cap, tang ldp khac nhau va cac giai tang xa hoi do mdi tac dong true tiep den he thong kinh te - xa hoi

Loai hinh sd huu la co sd cua thanh phan kinh te, la noi dung ben trong qui dinh thanh phan kinh te Tuy nhien trong mot phuong thuc san xua't cd ton tai nhieu loai hinh sd huu nen cd su dan xen cac loai hinh sd huu, thanh phan kinh te nhu la con de cua su dan xen nay Mdi thanh phan kinh te trong ndn kinh te da dang cac loai hinh sd huu vura ton tai doc lap dudi dang hinh thuc kinh te xac dinh, vura dan xen long ghep vao nhau tao nen nhieu hinh thuc kinh te phong phu the hien su da dang cua cac hinh thuc bieu hien cua quan he

sd htru

cua che do xa hoi Neu che do sd huu duoc thiet lap phu hop vdi quy luat

khach quan thi nd se tao moi trudng tot cho nen kinh te phat trien, nguoc lai,

no se kim ham nen kinh te Vi vay, khong the thiet lap che do so huu mot each chu quan, nong voi ma phai tuy thuoc vao trinh do phat trien cua lire luqng san xua't Do luc luqng san xuat phat trien khong deu nen trong mot che do so huu

dao se quyet dinh ban chat cua che do sd huu

Sd huu duqc xem xet dudi goc do phap ly va kinh te:

hitu ve mat phap ly duqc xem la mdi quan he giua ngudi vdi ngudi vd

doi tuqng sd huu Thong thudng ve mat phap ly, sd huu duqc ghi trong hien phap, no khang dinh ai la chu cua doi tuqng sd huu

Sd hitu ve mat kinh re'bieu hien thong qua thu nhap, thu nhap ngay cang

cao, sd huu ve mat kinh te cang duqc thuc hien Sd huu luon hudng tdi lqi ich kinh te Van de quan trong la quyen sd huu mang lai cho ngudi sd huu mot lqi

ruong dat duqc thuc hien ve mat kinh te, tire la dem lai thu nhap”

Sd huu day du la trong che do sd huu phat trien, quydn sd huu phap ly va quyen sd huu kinh te thong nhat

Quyen sd huu bao gom 2 mat: phap ly va kinh te Mat phap ly qui dinh vat sd huu do la cua ai? Ai la ngudi chiem huu no va gan lien vdi viec chiem huu dd la quyen duqc sir dung nd vao muc dich g'l Nhu vay, quyen sd huu ve mat phap ly bao gom hai noi dung: quyen chiem huu va quyen su dung Hai mat dd cd the gan lien vdi nhau trong mot chu the sd huu, cung cd the tach rdi nhau khi nen kinh te phat trien den mot trinh do nhat dinh

Su tach rdi hai quyen phap ly cua sd huu: quyen chiem huu va quydn sir dung la mot qua trinh Ban dau khi nen kinh te con d trinh do thap, ngudi chiem huu dong thdi la ngudi su dung Ngudi nong dan tu do sd huu ruong dat thi ho vura la ngudi chiem huu vira la ngudi su dung ruong dat dd vao san xuat nong nghiep Ngay trong thdi ky dau phat trien cua chu nghTa tu ban, nha tu ban vdi tu each la ngudi chiem huu tu ban dong thdi la ngudi chu kinh doanh, vi vay quyen chiem huu va quyen su dung gan vao cung mot chu the kinh doanh

Song khi kinh te phat trien, ngudi sd huu tai san co the true tiep su dung tai san cua minh de kinh doanh, cung co the nhudng cho ngudi khac su dung Dia chu cho ngudi nong dan thue dat, nha tu ban sd huu tien te cho nha kinh doanh vay tu ban de sd dung trong mot thdi gian, Trong nhung trudng hop nhu vSy, quyen chiem huu va quyen su dung tach rdi nhau

Trong mot giai doan nao do cua su phat trien xa hoi, ben canh mot phuong thde san xuat chu dao con phai ke thda nhdng tan du cua cac phuong thuc tan du khien cho trong cung mot thdi gian, trong mot nude ton tai nhidu loai hinh sd hdu

Trong mdi phuong thuc san xuat con ton tai nhieu loai hinh sd huu dan xen nhung bao gid cung cd mot loai hinh dac trung giu vai trd chu dao.

Hinh thde ddu tien la cong huu, sau do do su phat trien cua luc luqng san xuat, co san pham du thda, cd ke chiem lam cua rieng xuat hien tu hdu Do la hai hinh thde sd huu co ban the hien d mdc do, qui mo va pham vi sd huu khac nhau, phu thuoc vao trinh do phat trien cua luc luqng san xuat va lqi fch cua chu sd huu chi phoi

Trong thdi ky qua do len chu nghia xa hoi d nude ta ton tai 3 che do sd huu co ban la: sd huu toan dan, sd hdu tu nhan, sd hdu tap the va 4 hinh thde

sd hdu: sd hdu nha nude, sd hdu tap the, sd hdu tu nhan va sd hdu hdn hop Nd phat sinh tat yeu do yeu cau phat trien cua luc luqng san xuat cung nhu qua trinh xa hoi hoa noi chung ddi hoi, dong thdi nham thoa man nhu cau, lqi ich ngay cang tang va khac phuc su bat luc yeu kem cua cac chu the kinh te trong qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh Sd hdu hdn hop la mot hinh thde phat sinh th cac hinh thde sd hdu khac, hinh thanh thong qua hop tac, lien doanh, lien ket

tu nguyen, phat hanh mua ban co phieu, Day la hinh thde ket hop, dan xen cua nhieu chu sd hdu cd tu each phap nhan khac nhau de hinh thanh mot chu

sd hdu mdi cd tu each phap nhan doc lap

Trong thdi ky qua do len chu nghia xa hoi d nude ta con ton tai nhieu

trinh do san xuat khac nhau Mdi thanh phan kinh te co nhung dac trung rieng

ve tinh chat xa hoi hoa lao dong, trinh do phat trien luc luong san xuat, quan

he san xuat va cac loi ich kinh te' va bieu hien ra dudi nhieu hinh thuc kinh te'

da dang

1 1.3 D dt d ab s S tihu d it d ai * K hai niem, d ac d i em.

Da't dai la tai nguyen quoc gia vo cung quy gia, la tu lieu san xuat dac biet, la nguon noi luc, ngudn von to ldn cua da't nudc, la thanh phan quan trong hang dau cua moi trudng song, la dia ban phan bo cac khu dan cu, xay dung cac co sd kinh te',van hoa, xa hoi, an ninh va quoc phong; co y nghia kinh te', chfnh tri, xa hoi sau sac trong su nghiep xay dung va bao ve To quoc.Can cd vao muc dfch sd dung chu yeu cua dat dai, tai Dieu 13 Luat Dat dai nam 2003 chia toan bo von da't dai thanh cac loai sau:

- Nhom dat nong nghiep bao gom cac loai da't:

+ Dat trong cay hang nam gom dat trong lua, dat dong co dung vao chan nuoi, dat trong cay hang nam khac;

+ Da't trong cay lau nam;

+ Dat rung san xuat;

+ Dat rung phong ho;

+ Da't rung dac dung;

+ Dat nuoi trong thuy san;

+ Dat lam muoi;

+ Da't nong nghiep khac theo qui dinh cua Chfnh phu;

- Nhom dat phi nong nghiep bao gom cac loai da't:

+ Dat d gom dat d tai nong thon, dat d tai do thi;

+ Da't xay dung tru sd co quan, xay dung cong trinh su nghiep;

+ Dat su dung vao muc dfch quoc phong, an ninh;

+ Dat san xuat, kinh doanh phi nong nghiep gom dat xay dung khu cong nghiep; dat lam mat bang xay dung co sd san xuat, kinh doanh; da't su dung cho hoat dong khoang san; da't san xuat vat lieu xay dung, lam do gom;

+ Dat sir dung vao muc dich cong cong gom dat giao thong, thuy lqi; dat xay dung cac cong trinh van hoa, y te, giao due va dao tao, the due the thao phuc vu led fch cong cong; da't co di tfch lich su - van hoa, danh lam thang canh; dat xay dung cac cong trinh cong cong khac theo qui dinh cua chinh phu;

+ Dat do cac co sd ton giao su dung;

+ Dat co cong trinh la dinh, dan, mieu, am, tir dudng, nha thd ho;

+ Dat lam nghia trang, nghTa dia;

+ Dat song, ngoi, kenh rach, suoi va mat nude chuyen dung;

+ Dat phi nong nghiep khac theo qui dinh cua Chfnh phu;

- Nhom dat chua su dung bao gom cac loai dat chua xac dinh muc dich sir dung.Khi phe phan nhung ke chu truong nhan to chfnh tri quyet dinh tat ca, d

thdi cd, Mac viet: "Khong can tim hieu nhidu lam ve lich sir cua Cong hoa La

Ma chang han, cung da biet duqc rang dieu bi mat cua lich sir do chinh la lich sir cua che do so huu ruong dat"

Dudi goc do chfnh tri, phap ly, dat dai la mot bo phan khong the tach rdi cua lanh thd quoc gia, nd gan lien vdi chu quyen cua mot nha nude Khong the cd quan niem ve quoc gia khong cd dat dai Xam pham dat dai la xam pham chu quydn lanh tho quo'c gia Nha nude la dai dien cho chu quyen quo'c gia cd quyen va trach nhiem thuc hien cac bien phap quan ly, bao ve da't dai khdi su xam pham th ben ngoai

Dudi goc do kinh te - xa hoi, dat dai la tai nguyen thien nhien vo ciing quy gia, la noi cu tru, sinh so'ng cua con ngudi, la tu lieu san xuat chfnh khong the thay the duqc cua san xuat nong nghiep, lam nghiep, la nguon nguyen lieu chfnh cua mot so' nganh san xuat W Petty: "Dat la me, site lao dong la cha

san sinh ra moi cua cai vat chat", do vay, dat la coi nguon du tru* tai nguyen

cd gia tri nhat cua con ngudi Dat dai la co sd de phat trien cac he sinh thai, la yeu to' hang dau cua moi trudng so'ng, thieu nd con ngudi khong the ton tai, duy tri va phat trien su so'ng Su hinh thanh va phat trien cua mdi dan toe phu thuoc rat nhieu vao yeu to' tai nguyen dat dai ma mdi dan toe dd dang song

Dat dai chfnh la co sd ton tai cua nhan loai Dat dai la nguon tai nguyen thien nhien co gidi han va khong the tai tao duoc Da't dai co vai tro het shc quan trong, la tu lieu san xua't chu yeu, la dieu kien chung cua lao dong.

La san pham tu nhien, da't dai van dong theo quy luat tu nhien Quy luat

do qui dinh dat dai co han, song shc san xuat cua no thi vo han neu sd dung hop ly Quy luat do co th khi co qua da't, song chi den thdi ky con ngudi khai thac manh me dat dai de phat trien kinh te ngudi ta mdi nhan ra duoc quy luat

do Viec tim ra va thha nhan su ton tai cua quy luat nay co y nghia quan trong cho su phat trien kinh te

Dat dai la tu lieu san xua't quan trong, co ban cua san xuat nong nghiep, song qua trinh phat trien cua xa hoi gan lien vdi qua trinh md rong cac hoat dong cong nghiep, dich vu, do do dat dai khong chi sd dung de trong trot, chan nuoi ma con duoc sd dung ngay cang nhieu de phat trien cac nganh nghe khac Vi vay, qua trinh phat trien kinh te' gan lien vdi qua trinh chuyen dan dien tfch dat dai th nong nghiep sang cac linh vuc cong nghiep va dich vu, phan anh tinh quy luat tat yeu cua viec giam dien tfch dat dai gianh cho phat trien nganh nong nghiep Dieu do phan anh su tien bo cua su phat trien kinh te'

xa hoi, song lai la mo'i de doa do'i vdi loai ngudi trong viec san xuat ra nong san pham dam bao nhu cau sinh hoat co ban cua ho, neu nhu khong chu trong hng dung tien bo khoa hoc kv thuat ngay cang hien dai vao phat trien nghe nong Chfnh vi vay, viec sd dung mot cach tiet kiem co hieu qua dat dai gan lien vdi viec chu trong boi dudng, nang cao do mau md cua dat la va'n de co y nghia cuc ky quan trong do'i vdi cac xa hoi hien dai

Cac hoat dong kinh te trong nong thon dac biet la san xua't nong nghiep, luon gan lien vdi dat dai Trong nong nghiep, ruong dat khong chi la dia diem tien hanh san xuat kinh doanh nhu trong cac nganh kinh te khac ma tham gia truc tiep vao qua trinh san xuat, hon nua con la tu lieu san xuat chu yeu va dac biet Day la mot trong nhung dac diem quan trong nha't cua san xua't nong nghiep La tu lieu san xuat chu yeu, trudc het vi ruong da't la nguon goc cua

moi san pham vat chat dupe tao ra trong nong nghiep, sau nua vi ruong dat la loai tu lieu khong the thay the duoc, khong co loai tu lieu san xuat nao co the thay the duoc ruong dat trong nong nghiep.

La tu lieu san xuat dac biet, vi nd khac vdi cac tu lieu san xuat khac, ruong dat co cha't luong khong dong deu, cd vi tri khong gian co' dinh va dien rich gidi han, song tinh cha't dac biet cua tu lieu san xuat ruong dat dupe qui dinh chu yeu bdi dac tinh co ban va rieng cd cua ruong dat la, trong qua trinh san xuat neu dupe su dung mot each hop ly thi ruong dat khong nhung khong

bi hao mon va giam dan gia tri su dung hay bi tieu hao nhu cac tu lieu san xua't khac ma trai lai, chat lupng cua ruong dat (dp phi nhieu cua ruong da't) lai ngay cang dupe cai thien va nang cao hon

Do dac diem, vi tri va vai trd cua ruong da't ma yeu cau su dung ruong dat mot each day du, hop ly va hieu qua la mot yeu cau khat khe Do la mot trong nhung yeu cau co ban nhat cua to chuc va quan ly san xuat nong nghiep

Trong cong dong xa hoi, con ngudi cd nhieu mo'i quan he khac nhau Cac mo'i quan he xa hoi do cd the la quan he kinh te, quan he chrnh tri, tu tudng Quan he da't dai la mot trong nhieu mo'i quan he do va nhung mo'i quan he nay thuoc ve linh vuc kinh te

Quan he dat dai trudc het do la quan he giua ngudi va ngudi vdi nhau trong viec sd huu, quan ly, sit dung dat dai Cac quan he nay rat da dang va phuc tap,

phong kien va tu ban chu nghia la phuong tien boc lot cua giai ca'p thong tri do'i vdi cac giai cap va tang Idp doi lap trong xa hoi

Cac cuoc each mang trong lich su deu la'y da't dai lam do'i tupng, coi do la nhiem vu can giai quyet hang dau Do vay, dat dai luon la do'i tupng tranh chap cua cac cuoc chien tranh giua cac quo'c gia, dan toe Ngay trong mot quo'c gia, mot nha nude thi van de so huu do'i vdi da't dai luon la mot van de he

trong, no anh hudng true tiep den dcri song va loi fch cua cac giai ca'p, cac tang lop dan cu trong xa hoi Su tranh chap ve quy6n sd huu, su* dung dat dai thudng didn ra rat gay gat va phiic tap.

Doi veti nude ta, quan he sd huu da't dai da co su van dong va phat trien

dai dien (nhung vua khong phai la chua da't ldn nhat nhu phuefng Tay), vita co

sd huu cong xa ve da't dai, vira co sd huu ruong da't tu nhan Nhung du da't dai

co thuoc hinh thiic sd huu nao thi cung deu thuoc quyen sd huu to'i cao cua nha nude trung uong ma vua la ngudi dai dien Cd the khang dinh rang trong lich su nude ta da co su ton tai cua quan he sd huu kep ve dat dai Nha vua nam quyen sd huu to'i cao v6 da't dai nhung dudi vua cac cong xa van cd quyen

sd dung va phan pho'i da't ma co the tarn goi la quyen chiem dung Cong xa cd quyen phan pho'i cong di£n cho cac thanh vien cong xa theo each binh quan va dinh ky (1,3 hoac 6 nam 1 lan) cd the de ra mot phan da't dai de lam hoc dien, binh dien, ruong tu van, ruong lao, Trong cong dien, chung ta thay co phan dong sd huu cua cong xa, bdi vi to thue ruong cong thudng thap hern dia to ma nong dan nop cho dia chu phong kien Phan dia to chenh lech dd co the hieu nhu la su dong sd huu cua edng xa vdi nha vua ve da't dai Co mot hien tuong kha pho bien la cac cong xa thudng danh lai mot phan to thue sau khi da co'ng nap cho nha vua de tu chi dung Den thdi ky tu huu phat trien thi cong xa co quyen nhuong ban ruong dat

Trong suo't chiSu dai lich su dan toe thdi phong kien co su ton tai song song ca cong dien va tu didn trong cac lang xa va mau thuan co' huu giua chung la tu dien luon la'n at cong dien Nha nude dung quyen luc cua minh de bao ve cong dien (tuy khong bao ve noi) nhung lai la tac nhan gay ra su tri tre sau sac va keo dai d nong thon

Cung vdi qua trinh thong tri cua thuc dan Phap d nude ta, nhung yeu to kinh te tu ban chu nghia da tCmg budc tac dong xam nhap vao quan he da't dai,

thuc day qua trinh tfch tu tap trung dat dai vao tay mot nhom ngudi co the luc, con dai bo phan nong dan hoac chi la chu sd huu nhd hoac lam thue, ca'y re khong co ruong da't Cung vdi che' do suu cao thue nang, chfnh sach dat dai cua thuc dan phong kien da lam ban cung hoa dai bo phan nong dan, lam cho mau thuSn giua nong dan va thuc dan phong kien trd nen quyet liet ddi hoi cuoc each mang dan toc, dan chu phai giai quyet.

Ngay th khi mdi thanh lap, Dang ta luon quan tam den van de ruong dat, coi viec giai quyet va'n de ruong da't la mot noi dung quan trong cua each mang dan toc, dan chu Dang da tap hop va lanh dao nhan dan danh dd de' quo'c va phong kie'n gianh lai ruong da't cho nong dan, thuc hien khau hieu ngudi cay cd ruong Trong Luan cuong chfnh tri cua Dang Cong san Dong duong nam 1930, Dang ta xac dinh ro chfnh sach dd'i vdi ruong da't la “ Quyen

sd huu ruong da't thuoc ve chfnh phu cong nong “

Sau khi hoan thanh cai each ruong dat o mien Bac tir nam 1958 trd di, Dang ta chu truong xay dung Chu nghia xa hoi d mien Bac- xay dung hau phuong cho cuoc chie'n tranh giai phong dan toc hoan toan Dong thdi xuat phat td cue dien chfnh tri quo'c te', tir quan niem cua ta ve chu nghia xa hoi thdi

dd, xuat phat td nhung dieu kien lich sd-xa hoi cua nude ta ve van de ruong dat, cac Hien phap nam 1959 cua nude Viet Nam dan chu cong hoa, hien phap nam 1980 cua nude Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam, hien phap nam

1992, Luat da't dai duoc Quo'c hoi thong qua nam 1993 (duoc sua doi bo sung nam 1998, nam 2001 va nam 2003 cd hieu luc ke td 1/7/2004), giai quyet quan he sd huu dat dai d nude ta dua tren nguyen tac: dat dai thuoc sd huutoan dan do Nha nude la ngudi dai dien cho loi ich cua toan dan quan lythong nha't

Nha nude giao da't hoac cho thue da't de'n tirng ca nhan, ho gia dinh, to chdc, de’ canh tac va su dung on dinh lau dai vdi cac quyen cu the tuy muc dfch va dd'i tuong su dung da't Nha nude cd quyen thu hoi de phuc vu loi fch chung va cd su den bu, dieu chinh hop ly Nha nude thuc hien viec phan ca'p

quan ly da't dai cho dia phuong va cu the hoa thanh luat phap quyen su dung dal giao cho chu the sir dung phu hop vdi nhu cau thuc ti6n nen kinh te thi trudng trong giai doan cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Nha nude ban hanh luat phap va cac chfnh sach tao moi trudng phap ly thuan led cho viec hinh thanh

va phat trien thi trudng quyen sir dung dat dai, dong thdi tang cudng quan ly nha nude ve dat dai, bao dam cho dat dai duoc sir dung dung quy hoach, ke hoach, tiet kiem, hieu qua, thi trudng quyen sir dung dat phat trien lanh manh gop phan dac luc thuc day nen nong nghiep hang hoa va kinh te phat trien

Tuy nhien, Nha nude khong phai la ngudi chu sir dung, khai thac tat ca cac loai dat, trong do cd dat nong nghiep Vi vay d timg thdi ky chfnh sach cua nha nude ta do'i vdi nhung ngudi chu sir dung da't cd khac nhau Su khac nhau do xuat phat ter nhung quan diem cua chung ta ve chu nghia xa hoi, th nhung tat yeu ve kinh te trong viec sir dung cd hieu qua ruong da't, tir nhung dieu kien chfnh tri xa hoi cu the trong nude cung nhu quo'c te d timg thdi ky

- Dac diem chung nhdt la quan he sd hdu ddt dai trong nen kinh te thi trudng la su ton tai nhieu hinh thde sd hdu khac nhau ve ddt dai.

Cung vdi qua trinh phat trien cua luc luong san xua't ngay cang cao, san xuat cang da dang hoa, thi cang xua't hien nhieu hinh thde sd huu khac ve da't dai Cac hinh thurc sd huu nha nude, tap the, sd huu cua cac cong ty co phan,

sd huu hdn hop Ben canh sd hdu quo'c gia ve da't dai, con xua't hien sd huu quo'c te

-Mot dac diem ve su van dong ciia cac bo phan thuoc sd hdu dat dai ve mat phap ly, nghia la xu hudng tach rdi va thong nhdt giua quyen chiem hdu

va quyen sit dung ruong dat Quyen chiem huu va quydn sir dung la tho'ng

nhat trong mot chu the sd hdu phap ly ve ruong da't Su phat trien nen kinh te

hang hoa, kinh te thi trudng den mot trinh do nhat dinh lam cho hai quyen nang nay tach rdi nhau nhu C Mac noi la tu ban sd hull tach rdi tu ban chuc nang Ngudi chu sd huu cho thue tai san cua minh de hudng lpi turc, trd thanh nha tu ban thuc loi Vdi su da dang hoa sd huu, xuat hien nhieu hinh thue sd huu mdi lam cho quyen chiem huu va quyen sd dung cd xu hudng thong nhat Chfnh vi vay, trong cac xa hoi hien dai, ben canh su tach rdi giua quyen chiem huu va quyen su dung ve dat dai cd su thong nhat cac quyen nang nay trong cac chu the sd huu Dieu nay the hien su da dang cua quan he sd huu trong cac nen kinh te van minh.

chiem huu nd Khi ngudi ta chiem huu dat dai thi tat yeu ho phai cd dupe quyen su dung nd Quyen su dung dat dai la mot noi dung cua quyen sd huu, nd qui dinh ngudi sd huu dung dat dai dd vao muc dfch gi Tuyet nhien hinh thuc

te chimg nao til quyen su dung dat dd ngudi chu da't dai thu dupe mot khoan thu nhap dudi hinh thai thue hay dia to Cd the noi quyen su dung dat dai la cau no'i

de sd huu phap ly chuyen thanh sd huu kinh te ve dat dai va nhu vay, quyen sd dung dat dai va sd huu dat dai ve kinh te la hai pham tru khac nhau

- Xu hitting tich tu va tap trung dat dai noi chung va ruong dat noi rieng

Su van dong til sd huu da't dai nho sang sd huu dat dai vao tay nhung chu sd huu ldn Xu hudng nay xuat phat ttr co sd tien bo cua luc luong san xuat Khoa hoc ky thuat doi hoi san xuat nong nghiep phai dupe to chuc tren qui mo ldn, tap trung Nong nghiep khong the phat trien vdi qui mo ldn, nang suat cao neu dua tren su chia cat manh mun cua trieu trieu nong dan san xuat nho Them vao dd, diCu kien cong nghiep hoa diCn ra manh me, xu hudng chuyen lao dong ttr nong nghiep sang cong nghiep cung tang theo Tat nhien, khong loai trur nhung nhan to ngudi nong dan san xuat nho phai ban ruong dat cua ho trd thanh ngudi lam thue cho cac chu kinh doanh ldn Nhung dieu dd la nguyen nhan co ban lam cho qua trinh tap trung ruong dat didn ra manh me trong di6u

kien cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dudi tac dong cua kinh t£ thi trudng Thira nhSn viec tfch tu, tap trung ruong dat la hien tuong se di6n ra trong qua trinh phat trien nong nghiep san xuat hang hoa ldn, thuc hien chuyen dich co cau kinh te va phan cong lai lao dong xa hoi trong qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa da't nude Nhung viec tfch tu, tap trung ruong dat phai duqc kiem soat, quan ly chat che cua nha nude Khong de qua trinh nay didn ra tu phat Bang nhieu bien phap thiet thuc tao dieu kien de moi ngudi nong dan chu yeu song bang nghe nong cd da't de san xua't.

- Trong nen kinh te thi trudng, dat dai la yeu to san xuat dong thdi la ddi

Nhu C Mac noi: gia ca ruong da't la dia to tu ban hoa Vi vay, viec xac lap, hoan thien bat ky che do sd huu da't dai nao deu phai tfnh tdi dia to cua dat dai Hay noi each khac, nghien curu su van dong cua sd huu da't dai se khong

cd nghia neu khong de cap den dia to da't dai

- Dac diem ve quan he sd huu dat dai trong dieu kien kinh tethi trudng la Nha nude thong qua luat phap de thuc hien cac chuc nang quan ly, giam sat, dieu tiet cua Nha nude doi vdi hang hod dat dai Vi dat dai la hang hoa, la thi

trudng yeu to' dau vao cua qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh nen trong dieu kien kinh te thi trudng hien dai nd cung phai chiu su dieu chinh theo co che kinh te hdn hop Tuy mdi nude su dung co che dieu tiet cua nha nude dd'i vdi thi trudng da't dai cung rat khac nhau, nhln chung trong trudng hop cd su xung dot lqi ich quo'c gia vdi lqi ich tu nhan ve phuong dien sd huu da't dai thi lqi ich tu nhan phai phuc tung lqi ich quoc gia

Nen kinh te nude ta la mot nen kinh te hang hoa nhieu thanh phan van hanh theo co che thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia Viec phat trien kinh te thi trudng ddi hoi chung ta phai nhan thde lai de cd nhung quan diem phu hop, trong

dd, va'n de sd huu noi chung va sd huu da't dai noi rieng cd y nghia then cho't

- Trude het, khang dinh ddt dai noi chung, ruong dat noi rieng thuoc so hdu toan dan do Nha node thong nhdt quan ly.

Theo quy dinh cua Hien phap va LuAt DA't dai thi Nha nude Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam la chu sd huu duy nhat va tuyet ddi toan bo dat dai tren lanh tho nude Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam Nha nude khong cho phep ton tai bat ky hinh thde sd huu nao khac ddi vdi ddt dai ngoai sd hdu nha nude Khong cd manh dat nao tren lanh tho nude Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam la dat vo chu, vAng chu Khong ai duoc tu tien mua ban chuyen dich, dinh doat dat dai neu khong duoc su dong y cua Nha nude

Nha nude la ngudi dai dien cho toan dan nAm quyen sd huu dat dai, cho

du Nha nude khong true tiep sd dung la nhAm dam bao quyen quan ly chat che nguon tai nguyen cd han nay cua dAn toe, cho'ng suy giam ve mat dien tfch cung nhu ve mat chat luong dat dai -dam bao su dung ruong dat cd hieu qua theo quan diem loi fch toan cue, sd dung dat dai phai tuAn thu theo quy hoach

ma Nha nude da xAy dung - thu hoi ruong dAt d6 dang phuc vu cho loi ich quoc gia

Thuc ra viec qui dinh dA't dai thuoc quyen sd hdu cua ai chi la y chi ve mat phap ly Cai quan trong hon la nhung qui dinh cu the de thuc hien quy6n

sd huu do ve mat kinh te, tdc la lam sao de ngudi chu sd huu ruong dat phai cd dupe thu nhap td quyen phap ly cua minh

- Trong dieu kien ddt dai thuoc sd hdu toan dan, tdc ve mat chiem hdu, dat dai thuoc sd hdu cua quoc gia, cua toan dan toe Nha nude tdng budc thuc hien tach quyen chiem hdu va quyen sd dung ruong dat khoi chu sd hdu

Quyen sd hiru dat dai duoc Nha nude thuc hidn bang each giao dat cho cac to

chuc, ho gia dinh va ca nhan su dung Dieu nay co nghia la, dat dai thuoc quyen chiem huu toan dan nhung quyen sur dung lai trao cho cac chu the kinh doanh trong nen kinh te Nha nude giao quyen sur dung ruong da't lau dai cho nong dan, md rong quyen su dung thanh cac quydn thira ke, chuyen nhuong, chuyen doi, cho thue, the cha'p nham dam bao dat dai cd chu quan

ly cu the, khac phuc tinh trang vo chu, lam cho ngudi dan yen tarn dau tu tham canh,

- Dat dai thuoc sd hitu toan dan nen quan ly toan bo dat dai la chitc nang cua Nha nude La chu the quyen sd huu doi vdi toan bo dat dai tren lanh tho

quo'c gia, Nha nude thuc hien quyen sd huu cua minh bang viec xac lap cac che do phap ly ve quan ly va su dung da't dai nham quan ly thong nhat toan bo da't dai tren pham vi lanh tho quo'c gia Noi dung cua quan ly nha nude vd dat dai duoc quy dinh cu the: Danh gia phan hang da't va lap ban dd dia chfnh; giao dat, cho thue da't, chuyen quyen su dung da't, thu hoi da't

Su can thiet cua viec tiep tuc hoan thien quan he sd huu da't dai tur nhung

ly do chu yeu sau:

- Viec tiep tuc doi mdi va hodn thien che do sd huu noi chung va sd hitu dat dai noi rieng vita la mot van de cap bach, vita la van de cd tinh chat ca ban trong viec phat trien toan bo nen kinh te noi chung va phat trien san xuat nong nghiep noi rieng.

Phai tach quydn sd huu va quyen su dung va phai sua doi, bo sung cac co che, chfnh sach can thiet de giai quyet dung dan moi quan he giua quyen sd huu va quyen sur dung vi day la co sd ly luan de giai quyet co hieu qua hoat dong kinh te cua cac doanh nghiep nha nude va giai quyet co hieu qua dat dai noi chung, ruong da't noi rieng Muon lam duoc dieu nay can phai day nhanh

tien do cdp gidy chung nhan quyen sd dung dat Anh hudng quan trong nhdt la thi trudng chuyen nhuong se lanh manh, troi chay va trong sang.

Su ba't cap cua che do sd huu va sd dung dat dai Ve mat khoa hoc phap

ly thi “quyen sd dung ddt” khong phai la tai san, do do khong co gia tri nhu mot tai san Neu coi “quyen sd dung ddt” la mot quyen nang cua quyen sd huu noi chung, thi do chi la quyen khai thac gia tri, loi ich cua ddt nhu: trong cdy, khai thac khoang san, xay dung cac cong trinh, san xudt Nhung phap luat ve ddt dai qui dinh “quyen sd dung ddt” duoc chuyen dich nhu tai san (chuyen doi, chuyen nhuong, cho thue, thda ke, the chdp, gop von) Bo luat Dan su qui dinh “ddt dai” la mot bdt dong san nhung cac giao dich dan su khong phai la giao dich ddt ma la giao dich ve quyen sd dung ddt

Ddt dai thuoc sd huu toan dan, Nha nudc la ngudi dai dien chu sd huu nhung Nha nudc khong truc tie'p thuc hien quyen nay ma giao cho cac co quan, to chdc, ca nhan thuc hien Chfnh phu thong nhdt quan ly ddt dai trong

ca nudc Nhu vay tu cach chu sd huu ddt dai va chu the quyen luc chfnh tri doi vdi ddt dai cua Nha nudc kho phan biet, mot so vdn de dan su thi bi hanh chfnh hoa nhu thue ddt cua Nha nudc, xac dinh gia ddt, den bu thiet hai, Thuc te “quyen sd dung ddt “ va “ quyen sd huu” kho phan biet Dac biet, viec chuyen quyen sd dung ddt duoc hieu la “ mua ban “ddt va dien ra thudng xuyen nhung khong qua co quan nha nudc (nhu khong dang ky trudc ba, khong nop thue chuyen quyen) Vi vay, “sd huu ddt dai” va “quyen sd dung ddt” luon mau thudn giua phap luat va thuc td

Ve phap ly, td sau Hien phap nam 1980 thi ddt dai co mot hinh thuc sd huu duy nhdt la sd huu toan dan, cac hinh thuc sd huu tu nhdn, sd huu tap the trudc do ve ddt dai bi huy bo Dieu 10 Luat Ddt dai nam 2003 qui dinh to: Nha nudc khong thda nhan viec doi lai ddt da giao cho ngudi khac sd dung trong qua trinh thuc hien chfnh sach ddt dai cua Nha nudc Viet nam Dan chu Cong hoa, Chfnh phu Cach mang lam thdi Cong hoa mien Nam Viet nam va Nha

nude Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam Nhung tren thuc te viec ddi lai dat thudng xuyen xay ra, dac biet la mot loai dat d duoc thira ke tur nhieu the he,

ho khong muon phu thuoc vao chfnh sach cua Nha nude, dieu nay pho bien d khu vuc T^y Nguyen ddi vdi dat va rirng cua cong dong lang

Vi nhan thde cua ngudi sd dung dat d do thira ke' la dat thuoc sd huu “tu nhan” hoac “cong dong, dong ho” vide dieu chinh dal d vdi tu each la chu sd huu cua Nha nude da tao ra nhung mau thuan ve mat loi fch nen da dan den viec ddi lai dat Ngoai ra do thuc hien chfnh sach kinh te xay dung hop tac xa trudc day, nong dan da “gop” dat thuoc sd hdu cua minh (da't tu trong mienNam) vao hop tac xa, khi hop tac xa tan ra thi nong dan ddi lai dat cu, khi do vai trd sd huu da't dai duoc dat ra chu yeu bang quy£n luc chfnh tri ma khong bang quyen dan su cua chu sd huu

Trong nen kinh te hang hoa nhidu thanh phan, da hinh thde sd huu phat trien theo co che thi trudng nhu hien nay thi thi trudng bat dong san tat yeu ton tai, dieu do ddi hoi quyen sd huu da't dai hoac quyen sir dung dat va quyen

- Quy ddt dai cd han va co nguy ccf suy giam trong qua trinh cong nghiep hod, hien dai hod Vdi to'c do cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa hi6n nay, da't

nong nghiep phai nhudng cho phat trien cac nganh phi nong nghiep (giao thong, thuy lqi, cong nghiep, nha d do thi va nhieu hoat dong dich vu khac) Ben canh mac du co chuyen bien tfch cue ve nang sua't ruong da't va nang sua't cay trong nhung nang suat lao dong trong nong nghiep khong cd chuyen bien ldn, dien tfch binh quan da't canh tac nong nghiep binh quan d nong thon lai tha'p so vdi nhieu nude trong khu vuc, lao dong va dan so' nong thon da, dang

va se gay siic ep rat ldn tdi ruong da't Viec suy giam da't nong nghiep la dieu khong the tranh khoi Dieu nay thuc su la mot nguy co ldn vdi nhung hau qua khon ludng ve mat kinh te va vd chfnh tri - xa hoi

- Mot sd ncti cluta thitc hien tot chu tritctng cua Dang cung nhit viec thi hanh Luat Ddt dai cong vdi qua trinh cong nghiep hod va do thi hod dien ra vdi tdc do

qua nhanh, dd lam cho sohd nong dan khong co ddt san xuat tang nhanh, nhung

ho bi thu hoi ddt va lao dong du thita trong nong thdn ngay mot tang.

0 mot so noi, do viec buong long quan ly, sir dung da't cua chfnh quyen

co so, nen da xay ra tinh trang tranh cha'p dat dai trong noi bo nhan dan Mot

bO phan nong dan, do chua hieu ro chu truong, chfnh sach cua Dang nen khong giao da't cho Nha nudc, khieu kien dong ngudi, vuot cap da diOn ra, co noi da trd thanh “diem nong”, gay nen nhung va'n de phuc tap ve an ninh, trat

tu d nong thon Ben canh do viec chuyen dich co cau san xuat, nganh nghe va

co cau lao dong d nong thon rat cham chap

- Quy hoach la mot cong cu chu yeu de Nha nudc dinh hudng phat trien, la chd dua de doanh nghiep xac dinh ke hoach san xuat, kinh doanh Quy hoach phai co tam nhin xa, phat huy duac lai the cua mdi dia phuang, phuc vu yeu cau chuyen dich ca cau kinh te, huy dong moi nguon luc cho phat trien Quy hoach dat dai la mot loai quy hoach cd tam quan trong hang

dau The nhung d mot so' dia phuong, quy hoach su dung da't dai khong duqc xSy dung phu hop vdi ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, khong phu hop vdi yeu cau cua thi trudng, do dd, phai lam di lam lai, nay quyet dinh, mai sua Quy hoach lai khong duqc cong bo' cong khai, ngudi dan vung quy hoach khong duqc thao luan v6 dien tfch quy hoach, gia ca den bu va nhat

la phuong an tai dinh cu

Tinh trang kha pho bien la nhieu du an dau tu khong duqc trien khai dung han, mac du da cd quyet dinh giao da't, duqc gia han nhieu lan, gay ra tinh trang “ quy hoach treo”, lang phi ldn Nhung noi chfnh quy£n da cong bo quy hoach roi bo ldng, dan khong duqc cap phep xay nha, khong duqc cap ho khau thudng tru, khong duqc hudng lqi tir cac cong trinh dan sinh: dien, nudc, Con cd mot nguyen nhan chu yeu nu*a la dia phuong muon phat trien nhanh, de ra nhieu cong trinh, nhieu du an, nhung vo'n lieng khong du, trien khai dd dang hoac khong trien khai duqc theo quy hoach

Dang chu y la viec thu hoi da't tuy tien, ke hoach den bit, giai toa, ca'p dat tai dinh cu khong minh bach, cong khai, thuc hien qua cham; gia den bit giai phong mat bang qua thap, gay thiet hai cho dan Hau het khu tai dinh cu chua theo kip tien dd giai toa Co kha nhieu trudng hop, khu tai dinh cu chua xong, dan da bi cudng che, bo vo khong noi d; co noi dan duqc nhan mot so tien de

di thue nha d, nhung khong biet se con phai thue nha den bao gid

- Cung vcfi tinh trang the che, chinh sach chua hodn chinh, lai khong cong khai, minh bach, dang quan tarn la tinh trang bo may yeu kem va cong chute vita kem nang lute vita kem pham chat khong con cd biet Dang lo ngai la

tinh trang mot so lanh dao dia phuong lqi dung quyen han, dua nhau chia chac dat dai Ho da tuy tien, tham chi tu tung, tu tac trong viec ky duyet, giao dat, bao chiem dat dai cho ba con, can bo co quan, ke ca viec dung da't dai lam cong cu bieu xen cap tren

Thit nhat, tham nhung dua vao cac chuong trinh muc tieu cua Nha nude

Dd la nhung chuong trinh khuyen khich tao quyen lqi cho ngudi dan, dac biet

la ngudi ngheo, phat trien quy dat Trong trudng hop nay cd the dat den tay mot sd ngudi nhat dinh dung doi tuqng thuoc chuong trinh nhung khong phai

la tat ca va den tay mot sd quan chiic ldn vdi mot ti le ldn Vi du chuong trinh phu xanh dat trong doi nui troc 327, nhieu noi thuyet minh cd the phu xanh bang cay cong nghiep nhung thuc te dat lai roi vao tay quan churc hoac ngudi nha cua ho de lam trang trai cay lau nam

Thit hai, tham nhung dat dai tur cac khu tai dinh cu Dang le chi nhung

ngudi nam trong dien tai dinh cu mdi duqc vao day nhung lai cd nhieu ngudi

la quan chtrc, ngudi nha quan chuc cung duqc vao Tham chi cd noi mot du an tai dinh cu ma mot vi lanh dao co tdi 2 - 3 sua't dat, sua't ten minh, suat ten vq, suat ten con

Thu ba, tham nhung da't dai tai khu gian dan d khu dan cu nong thon

Binh thudtag nhung ngudi duoc vao khu gian dan la nhung ngudi co nhu ctu

ve nha d, nhung su that co nhieu ngudi khong thuoc dien do cung duoc bo tri

va thudng do la nhung ngudi quen biet, ho hang cua cac vi lanh dao hay chfnh cac vi lanh dao

Thu tu, tham nhung dat bieu hien dudi dang quyet dinh thu hoi dat cho

mot du an, rong hon mire can thiet cua du an,nhung sau do lai giao dien tfch dung nhu du an, phan con lai sau 1-2 nam, khi khong con ai biet nua, khong

ai nhd den nua thi dem chia cho nhau

Nguyen nhan sau xa la do bat dong san cd kha nang sinh loi rat nhieu, chi can trong tay cd mot manh dat thi horn sau kiem duoc gia gap ddi Nguyen nhan thu hai la do he thong quan ly da't dai long leo, chua giam sat duoc nhung trudng hop tham nhung Neu he tho'ng quan ly dat dai chat, cong khai, minh bach, tat ca cac giao dich ve ba't dong san deu phai dang ky thi chung ta

cd the nam duoc va khac phuc cac te nan noi tren

- Cong tdc quan ly vi mo khong chi bao gom viec ban hanh nhung the che, chinh sach ma mot noi dung khong kem phan quan trong la to chute viec thuc hien the che Chfnh viec to churc thieu chat che da gay ra tinh

trang the che khong phu hop vdi thuc tidn lai khong duoc dieu chinh kip thdi va nha't la khong ngan chan nhung vu viec trai luat, xam pham lqi fch cua dan

Ch u an g 2

thuc trang ch E do sd h U u d A t dai

• • •

6 KHU VUC TAY NGUYEN

2.1.1 Gidi thieu cac tinh Tay Nguyen.

Vi tri dia ly Tay Nguyen gom 5 tinh Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Dak lak, Lam Dong, Dak Nong vdi dien tfch tu nhien 54.460 km2, dan so den thang 1/2005 la 4.674.200 ngudi, chiem 16,37% ve dien tfch va 5,3% ve dan so so vdi ca nudc.Tay Nguyen nam ve phfa Tay cua nam phan Trung Bo, d do cao th 250 den 2500m, la dau nguon cua 4 he thong song ldn va co he thong dudng giao thong 14,14B, 19,20, 24,25,26,27 va 40 Tay Nguyen co quan he lau ddi ben chat ve kinh te-xa hoi va mdi trudng sinh thai vdi cac tinh Duyen hai Nam Trung Bo va Dong Tay Nam Bo, ve phfa Tay co quan he truc tiep vdi cac tinh Nam Lao va Dong Bac Cam Pu Chia, qua do tao moi giao luu vdi Thai Lan, MianMa, Do do vung Tay Nguyen co dieu kien thuan loi de giao luu vdi nhieu vung trong nudc va quoc te', dong thdi la dia ban chie'n luoc quan trong dam bao an ninh quoc phong cua da't nudc

Dia hinh. Tay Nguyen co dia hinh da dang va phuc tap vdi nhieu day nui cao va trung binh, nhieu cao nguyen tuong doi bang phang va thung lung xen

ke nhau Dien tfch vung nui cao khoang 2,9 trieu ha, chiem 53% dien tfch tu nhien Dinh Ngoc Linh d phfa bac cao 2598 m, Chu Yeng Xin phfa nam cao 2.406 m, dien tfch cao nguyen d do cao 300 - 800 m la 2,2 trieu ha bang 36,5% Dong bang thung lung 57 van ha, chiem 10,5%

Tai nguyen khi hqu Tay Nguyen thuoc khu vuc nhiet ddi am gio mua cao nguyen, che' do nhiet tuong doi dieu hoa, bdc xa mat trdi tuong doi doi dao, ft chiu tac dong cua hien tuong thdi tiet cuc doan nhu gio bao, gio kho nong, gio mua dong bac, suong muoi, Nhung vung cao tren 1000m thdi tiet quanh

nam mat, dien hinh nhu Da lat, Ngoc Linh, Konplong, Xet rieng ve khi hau, Tay Nguyen co nhieu thuan loi de phat trien mot tap doan cay trong, vat nuoi nhiet ddi va mot so cay con co nguon goc on ddi; Tay Nguyen cung co nhieu loi the phat trien du lich canh quan sinh thai va nghT dudng.

Kho khan cua Tay Nguyen la cd mot mua kho keo dai, cd gid dia hinh manh, nhieu vung thieu nude nghiem trong, gay han han, dd chay rung, da han che ldn doi vdi san xuat va ddi song cua dan cu trong vung Nhftng vung chua cd cong trinh thuy lqi, chua du nang luqng de khai thac nude ngam thi san xuat khong on dinh va kho hinh thanh cac vung san xuat chuyen mdn hoa, cd hieu qua

Tai nguyen nitcrc Luqng mua binh quan 1.900 mm/nam, tuong duong

106 ti m3 nude, trong dd chuyen vao dong chay 48 ti m3 Do phan bo khong deu theo thdi gian, nen Tay Nguyen vSn cd mot mua kho khac nghiet keo dai tur 3- 4 thang den 5-6 thang (tuy mdi tieu vung)

Song suoi Tay Nguyen thua thdt: chu yeu co 4 he thong song ldn la SeSan, Serepoc(do ve song MeKong), song Ba (do ve Tuy Hoa, Phu Yen) va song Dong Nai (do ve Dong Nai), mot he thong song suoi nho do xuong vung Duyen hai Nam Trung Bo Vi vay Tay Nguyen gift vai trd dau nguon sinh thuy, gift can bang sinh thai cho ca vung Dong, Tay Nam Bo va Duyen hai Nam Trung Bo

Do dat cd do tham thau rat ldn va dia hinh luqn song cho nen cac cong trinh thuy lqi d Tay Nguyen thudng dau tu dat va mat nhieu nude so vdi cac vung khac

Cung do song suoi thua thdt, dia hinh phurc tap nen nguon nude mat cung cap cho cac khu dan cu, cho nhu cau tudi tieu cay cong nghiep rat thieu, dac biet tren vung dat bazan nen phai tinh den viec khai thac nude ngam bo sung.Nude mat Tay Nguyen dem lai nguon thuy nang ldn vdi trft nang ly thuyet

la 57 ti kwh (21 % toan quoc) va trft nang kinh te la 17 ti kwh (30% toan quoc)

Do nguon nude mua ldn vdi kha nang tham thau va gift nude cua mot so

thanh tao dia chat, nen quy nude ngam Tay Nguyen giO vi tri quan trong ve

can bang nguon nudc, co the thoa man nhu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tren vung da't bazan: Cao nguyen Pleiku: 1.422.000m3/ngay dem; Buon Ma Thuot: 2.028.000 m3/ngay dem; Due Trong: 475.000 m3/ ngay dem; Bao Loc: 293.000 mV n naydem.

Nudc ngam phan bo sau (50- 150 m), vi vay dau tu se ton kem Hien nay tham rung dang bi xam hai, la nguy co truc tiep den su suy giam nguon nudc ngam dang duoc quan tam

Tai nguyen dat Tay Nguyen co quy da't ra't phong phu, co the chia thanh

8 loai, trong do dang luu y hon ca la:

- Dat do bazan 1,36 trieu ha (trong tong so 3,74 trieu ha loai dat do vang) chiem 66% dien tfch da't bazan toan quoc, phan bo tren 5 cao nguyen: Kon Ha Nung 9,8 van ha, Pleiku 3- 4 van ha, Buon Ma Thuot 33,4 van ha, Dak Nong

43 van ha va Di Linh-Bao Loc 19,5 van ha Trong do Cao nguyen Kon Ha Nung va Dak Nong tham thuc vat hien nay chu yeu la rung; 3 cao nguyen con lai co the phat trien nong nghiep va nong lam ket hop Day la loai da't tot, co

do phi cao, la tiem nang quy gia nhat de phat trien cac cay cong nghiep co gia tri nhu ca phe, cao su, che, va cay nguyen lieu giay

- Dat phu sa 15,6 van ha phan bo doc theo cac song suoi, cac canh dong ldn nhu Ayunpa (Gia Lai), Krong Bach (Dak Lak), Da Hoai -Cat Tien (Lam Dong), da va se trd thanh cac canh dong lua nudc 2 vu nang sua't cao, la co

so tao nen on dinh ve san xuat luong thuc cho Tay Nguyen

Vdi tong dien tfch dat tu • nhien 54.460 km2, da't lam nghiep 4,43 trieu ha (chiem 79%), da't nong nghiep 1,026 trieu ha (chiem 18,4%) Dat nong nghiep tang len ra't nhanh trong 10 nam qua: tu khoang 40 van ha nam 1990 da len 87 van ha nam 1999, trong do cay cong nghiep dai ngay tang 30 van ha; cay cong nghiep ngdn ngay tang 3 van ha; lua nudc tang gan 2 van ha Mot so xam canh vao da't lam nghiep de chuyen thanh da't nong nghiep Tuy nhien do tac dong cua yeu to' di dan tu do ra't manh, do quan ly rung con chua to't, nen dien tfch rung tang khong dang ke

Nghin ha

Bieu sol:HI$N TRANG SU ’ DUNG DAT NAM 2003

VUNG TAY NGUYfiN

rwi

Tong dien tfch

Trong do

Dat Nong nghiep

Dat Lam nghiep

co rung

Dat chuyen dung Dat 0

HIEN TRANG SUDUNG DATNAM 2003 VUNG TAY NGUYEN

□ Dat Nong □ Dat Lam □ Dat chuveu □ Dat onghiep nghiep

co rung dung

Nguon: Nien giam thong ke nam 2004 Tai nguyen rung va dat lam nghiep Dien tfch dat lam nghiep co 4,43 trieu ha, dien tfch con rung den nay la 3,19 trieu ha, ti le che phu so vdi dien tfch tu nhien 57,5%, tru luong gd dUng 286 trieu m3 Dieu dang quan tam la

tuy ti le che phu cua rung con cao, song chat luong da suy giam, ti le rung gO loai giau co 10,4%, loai trung binh 22,7%, con lai 67% thuoc loai ngheo kiet Viec tan pha rimg hang chuc nam qua da va con dang rat nghiem trong da de lai dien tich dat trong, doi nui troc len den khoang 1,5 trieu ha (bao gom dat nong nghiep con hoang trong).

Tay Nguyen dong vat rung co khoang 700 loai chim thu, co loai quy hiem co gia tri kinh te' va nghien cuu khoa hoc Ngoai ra con nhieu duoc lieu quy, deu dang dung trudc nguy co bi mai mot

Nhu vay, moi trudng sinh thai Tay Nguyen van dang d tinh trang dienbie'n xau, lam tang them tinh khoc liet cua mua khd keo dai, cua gio diahinh manh va muc do boc thoat hoi nudc cang ldn, tham hoa do mua lu cang cao

Nghin ha Bieu so 2: DIEN TICH RUNG NAM 2004 KHU VUC TAY NGUYEN

Tong dien tich

Chia ra Rung tu nhien Rung trong

tren cua ldp phong hoa bazan, dieu kien khai thac 16 thien thuan loi Tuy nhien viec khai thac se dung cham den nguon loi va cay cong nghiep hien co cua nhan dan va dau tu ton kem ve cau true ha tang giao thong, dien, nguon nudc

de tuyen rua

Cac khoang san khac gom: vang sa khoang 8,82 tan; thiec 20.000 - 30.000 tah; sat 447 trieu tan; da voi 239 trieu tah; cao lanh sur gom 94,7 trieu tan; da xay dung 3 ti tah; Fenpat sd gom 0,7 trieu tah; latent 100 trieu tah; ben

to nit 34,6 trieu tah; dia to mit 15,5 trieu tah Ngoai ra con co da quy, than bun, than nau,

Hien nay tinh trang khai thac con bira bai, thieu quy hoach

Tai nguyen con ngu&i Vdi tren 4 trieu ngudi hien nay, Tay Nguyen

co 47 dan toe, trong do ngudi kinh chiem khoang 70% (3.271.940 ngudi)

va dong bao dan toe ft ngudi khoang 30% (1.402.260 ngudi), co the chia thanh 3 nhom:

- Nhom cong dong dan cu ban dia: gom dan toe ft ngudi sinh song lau ddi d Tay Nguyen, song rai rac khap nui rirng theo cac buon, la mot cong dong dua tren nen tang cong xa nong thon, vdi nen kinh te con dam net truyen thong ve nong nghiep nuong ray, san ban va hai luqm lam san

- Nhom cong dong ngudi Kinh den Tay Nguyen trudc nam 1975: Sd dong cd nguon goc phia Bac tap trung d thi xa, thi tra'n, d cac don dien, lang ban ven do thi hoac gan cac true giao thong Cong dong nay da on dinh va coi Tay Nguyen la que huong, yen tarn san xuat Ho la nhung ngudi cd nen nep, la chu the cua mang kinh te hang hoa ldn d Tay Nguyen Ho co kinh nghiem trong cay cong nghiep dai ngay, che bien nong lam san, nang dong trong san xuat kinh doanh

- Nhom cong dong ngudi Kinh den Tay Nguyen sau nam 1975: Cd the chia thanh 2 giai doan Trong khoang 15 nam dau sau 1975 den Tay Nguyen

khoang gan 800 ngan ngudi (co khoang 150 ngan ngudi di cu tu do); 9 nam sau nda khoang 700 ngan ngudi (khoang tren 600 ngan ngudi di cu tu do).Tom lai, cong dong dan cu Tay Nguyen dang luu y la khong thuan nhat, trinh do san xuat va dan tri co su chenh lech rat xa, do do trong long no chda dung nhung van de phai dang quan tam, giai quyet nhu van de quyen loi kinh

te, khai thac tai nguyen dat dai nong nghiep; rung va da't ruing; va'n de mac cam dan toc ve muc song, loi sd'ng va dan tri,

Nghin ngudi Bieu so 3: DAN s6 TRUNG BINH VUNG TAY NGUYEN

Nguon: Nien giam thong ke nam 2004

DAN S& TRUNG BINH VUNG TAV NGUA EN