Đầu tư trực tiếp ra nước ngoài trong lĩnh vực thăm dò khai thác dầu khí tại tổng công ty thăm dò và khai thác dầu khí (pvep)

Ket cau cua luan van Ngoai phan md dau, ket luan, luan van gom 3 chuong: Chuang I: Ly luan chung ve dau tu true tiep ra nuac ngoai trong linh vuc TDKT diu khi Chuang II: Thuc trang hoat

“ k ii

» I

NGUYEN THI HAI YEN

DAI HOC KTQD

TT THONG TIN TH If VIEN

PHONG LUAN AN • TV LIEU

DAU TV TRUC TIEP RA NUOC NGOAI TRONG LINH VU'C• THAM DO KHAITHAC DAU KHI TAI•

TONG CONG TY THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI (PVEP)

M MP

NGUOl HUONG DAN KHOA HOC:

TIEN SY NGUYEN HONG MINH

Ha Noi, 2011

Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien curu cua rieng toi Cac so lieu, ket qua neu trong luan van la trung thuc va chua timg duoc ai cong bo trong bat ky cong trinh nghien curu nao.

Tac gia

Nguyen Thi Hai Yen

MUC • •LUC

DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT 4

DANH MUC BANG BIEU 5

DANH MUC HINH VE 6

TOM TAT LUAN VAN 7

LO1 MCI DAU 8

CHUONG I: LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU TRUC TIEP RA MOC • • NGOAI TRONG LINH VUC THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI 11

1.1 Ly luan chung ve dau tu true tiep ra nunc ngoai 11

1.1.1 Khai niem dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 11

1.1.2 Cac hinh thuc dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 11

1.1.3 Tinh tat yeu cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 12

1.1.4 Dong co de thuc hien dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 13

1.1.5 Cac ly thuyet ve dau tu nude ngoai 14

1.2 Dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai trong nganh dau khi 16

1.2.1 Cac cong doan va trinh tu tien hanh cua hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi 16

1.2.2 Dac trung co ban cua hoat dong dau tu tham do va khai thac dau khi 19

1.2.3 Su can thiet phai tien hanh hoat dong dau tu true tiep trong linh vuc tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai 21

1.2.4 Cac nhan to anh hudng den hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai trong linh vuc tham do va khai thac dau khi 23

1.2.5 Cac hinh thuc hop tac dau tu true tiep trong linh vuc tim kiem tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai 24

1.2.6 Chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tu true tiep trong linh vuc tham do va khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai 32

CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG HOAT DONG DAU TlT THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI RA NIJOC NGOAI TAI TONG CONG TY THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI (PVEP) GIAI DOAN 2006-2010 34

2.1 Tong quan ve Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi 34

2.1.1 Qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien 34

2.1.2 Chuc nang, co cau to chuc, nhiem vu 35

2.1.3 Khai quat tinh hinh dau tu cua Tong Cong ty giai doan 2006-2010 38

2.2 Thue trang hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khl ra nude ngoai tai Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi giai doan 2006-2010 41

2.2.1 Quy trinh phe duyet va tham quyen phe duyet cac du an dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai 41

7 r A A 7 2.2.2 Tong so du an dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai cua Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi 44

2.2.3 Tinh hinh trien khai cac du an tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai tai Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi 47

2.3 Danh gia tinh hinh dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai tai Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi giai doan 2006-2010 53

2.3.1 Ket qua va hieu qua dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai giai doan 2006-2010 53

2.3.2 Nhung han che con ton tai 67

CHlTONG 3: GIAI PHAP DAY MANH HOAT DONG THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI RA NIJOC NGOAI CUA TONG CONG TY THAM DO & KHAI THAC DAU KHI (PVEP) TOI NAM 2015 72

3.1 Chien luge phat trien cua Tong Cong ty den nam 2015 va dinh hudng den nam 2025 72

3.1.1 Quan diem va nguyen tac phat trien 72

3.1.2 Muc tieu phat trien 73

3.2 Phan tich ma tran SWOT: Diem manh - diem yeu - co hoi - thach thuc cua hoat dong dau tu Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi ra nude ngoai tai PVEP 73

3.2.1 The manh va diem yeu cua PVEP 74

3.2.2 Co hoi va thach thuc cua PVEP khi dau tu ra nude ngoai 77

3.3 Giai phap day manh hoat dong Dau tu Tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai tai Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi 78

3.3.1 Da dang hoa phuong thuc dau tu 78

3.3.2 Giai phap phat trien nguon nhan luc 79

3.3.3 Giai phap ve phat trien khoa hoc cong nghe 79

3.3.4 Giai phap ve to chuc 80

3.3.5 Giai phap ve tai chinh 80

3.3.6 Doi mdi phuong phap khai thac thong tin ve du an 81

3.3.7 Hoan thien cong tac danh gia du an 83

3.3.8 Doi moi quy trinh tham tra, phe duyet va ra quyet dinh dau tu 85

3.3.9 Hoan thien khung phap ly cho hoat dong dau tu dau khi d nude ngoai 88

KET LUAN 90

DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 91

PHU LUC 1 93

DANH MUC CAC CHTf VIET TAT

CNH - HDH : Cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa

TKTD&KT : Tim kiem tham dd va khai thac

TKTD&TL : Tim kiem tham dd va tham luong

DANH MUC BANG BIEU

Bang 1.1: Thai gian cac giai doan trong hoat dong tham do va khai thac dau khi 17

Bang 1.2: Bang thong ke chi phi mot so hang muc cua hoat dong dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi 21

Bang 1.3: Dong tien cua du an trong he thong to nhuong 27

Bang 1.4: Phan thu cua chinh phu va cua nha thau 28

Bang 1.5: Cau true cua mot hop dong chia san pham 29

Bang 2.1: Tinh hinh thuc hien von dau tu phat trien cua Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi phan theo linh vuc dau tu 40

Bang 2.2: Ket qua hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi trong nude va tai nude ngoai cua Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi 41

Bang 2.3: Tong so du an tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai va so nude nhan dau tu cua Tong Cong ty giai doan 2006-2010 46

Bang 2.4: Tinh hinh cu the cac du an tham dd khai thac dau khi tai nude ngoai cua Tong Cong ty 48

Bang 2.5: Tong so du an dau tu tham dd khai thac DK trong va ngoai nude 51

Bang 2.6: Khdi luqng von dau tu thuc hien cac du an tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai tai nude ngoai luy ke den 2010 53

Bang 2.7: Toe do tang von dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai 54

Bang 2.8: Su phat trien cua PSC theo nhung thay doi cua moi trudng 55

Bang 2.9: Tom tat cac dieu khoan co ban cua cac hop dong PSC 1985 56

Bang 2.10: Tom tat he thong tai chinh trong PSC cua Malaysia 56

Bang 2.11: Tom tat R/C PSC 57

Bang 2.12: Trtr luong tiem nang cac 10 dau khi tai nude ngoai 62

Bang 2.13: Doanh thu tang them tren 1 dong von dau tu 63

Bang 2.14: Ti le von dau tu thuc hien / ke hoach trong hoat dong TDKT dau khi ra nude ngoai giai doan 2005 - 2008 64

Bang 2.15: Quy mo von dau tu binh quan/ du an cua Tong Cong ty giai doan 2006- 2010 66

DANH MUC HINH VE

So do 1.2: So do dong tien duan dau khi 30 Hinh 2.1: Sodo to chuc cuaPVEP 38

nam giai doan 2001 - 2010 52

Hinh 2.4: Dong tien cuaPVEP trong Id SK 305 58

dau khi ra nude ngoai cua PVEP 60

* * *

NGUYEN THI HAI YEN

(PVEP)

Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Dau tu

TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SI

Ha Noi, 2011

1 Tinh cap thiet cua de tai

Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP) la don vi thanh vien thay

khi d trong va ngoai nude Vdi muc tieu xac dinh tiem nang, gia tang trtr luong dau khi va dam bao an ninh nang luong cho dat nude trong tuong lai, PVEP da khong nhung md rong khu vuc tim kiem tham dd trong nude ma edn tich cue hop tac vdi cac doi tac nude ngoai de tim kiem cac co hoi dau tu vao cac du an tham dd khai thac dau khi d nhieu nude tren the gidi

Trong boi canh nen kinh te cd nhieu bien dong nhu hien nay, viec danh gia, nghien cuu, phan tich va tong ket tinh hinh dau tu ra nude ngoai cua PVEP de tu dd rut ra cac bai hoc kinh nghiem, cac giai phap phu hop nham thuc day va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong dau tu ra nude ngoai cua PVEP la nhiem vu tat yeu Do dd, tac gia da lua chon de tai “Dau tir true tiep ra nude ngoai trong Imh vuc tham do va khai

thac dau khi tai Tong cong ty Tham do & Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP)” cho Luan

van thac sy cua minh

2 Muc dich nghien cuu

Muc dich nghien cuu cua luan van la danh gia, nghien cuu, phan tich va tong ket tinh hinh dau tu ra nude ngoai cua PVEP de tu do rut ra cac bai hoc kinh nghiem, cac giai phap phu hop nham thuc day va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong dau tu ra nude ngoai cua PVEP

3 Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu

- Doi tuong nghien cuu: Luan van nghien cuu thuc trang dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai trong linh vuc tham dd khai thac dau khi tai Tong Cdng ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP)

- Pham vi nghien cuu: Luan van gidi han nghien cuu hoat dong dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai cua PVEP giai doan 2006 - 2010

4 Phuong phap nghien cini

Luan van su dung tong hop cac phuong phap: thong ke, phan tlch, tong hop, phuong phap tiep can he thong

5 Ket cau cua luan van

Ngoai phan md dau, ket luan, luan van gom 3 chuong:

Chuang I: Ly luan chung ve dau tu true tiep ra nuac ngoai trong linh vuc TDKT diu khi

Chuang II: Thuc trang hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai tai Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP) giai doan 2006 - 2010

Chuang III: Giai phap day manh hoat dong dau tu tim kiem tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai cua Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi den nam 2015

CHEONG I:

LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU* TRLJC TIEP RA NUOC NGOAI TRONG

LINH VUC THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI

1.1 Ly luan chung ve dau tu- true tiep ra nu-dc ngoai

1.1.1 Khai niem dau tutruc tiep nude ngoai

Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la loai hinh di chuyen von quoc te, trong do ngudi chu sd huu von dong thdi la ngudi true tiep quan ly va dieu hanh hoat dong su dung von, Su ra ddi va phat trien cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la ket qua tat yeu cua qua trinh quoc te hoa va phan cong lao dong quoc te

Theo Luat Dau Tu Viet Nam 2005: “Dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai la viec nha dau tu dua von bang tien va cac tai san hop phap khac tu Viet Nam ra nude ngoai de tien hanh hoat dong dau tu va tham gia quan ly hoat dong dau tu.”

1.1.2 Tinh tat yeu cua dau tu* true tiep nirdc ngoai

Nguyen tac lqi the so sanh cho phep hoat dong dau tu nude ngoai Iqi dung duqc nhung uu the tuang ddi cua moi nude, dem lai lai ich cho ca hai ben: ben dau tu va ben tiep nhan dau tu

dong xa hoi ma rong tren pham vi toan the gidi da loi keo tat ca cac nude va vung lanh tho ttrng budc hoa nhap vao nen kinh te the gidi Trong xu the do, chinh sach biet lap dong cua la khong the ton tai vi qua trinh nay kim ham qua trinh phat trien cua xa hoi Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la mot trong nhung hinh thuc kinh doanh quoc te htru hieu nhat hien nay, da va dang trd thanh pho cap nhu mot phuong thuc tien tao.

Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai se bu dap su thieu hut ve von, cong nghe va lao dong giua cac nude phat trien va dang phat trien Mat khac, cac nude phat trien se thu duqc loi nhuan cao hon khi bo von dau tu ra nude ngoai Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai con gop phan cai thien moi quan he chinh tri giua cac quoc gia, cac quan he hop tac thuong mai, van de moi trudng, cac quan he van hoa xa hoi khac

1.2 Dau tir true tiep ra nude ngoai trong nganh dau khi

1.2.1 Cac cong doan va trinh tu tien hanh cua hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi

Hoat dong dau khi duqc chia lam 3 giai doan chinh:

- Linh vuc trung nguon (edn goi la khau giua, hoac midstream): la hoat dong

- Linh vuc ha nguon ( con goi la khau sau, hoac downstream): bao gom cac

hoat dong loc dau, che bien va xd ly dau khi Hoat dong nay duqc tinh tir khi nhan

dau/khi tu noi xuat phat cua khu khai thac den qua trinh loc, che bi£n, hoa ddu va kinh doanh, phan phoi cua cac san pham dau/khi do.

1.2.2 Dac trung co ban cua hoat dong dau tu tham do va khai thac dau khi.

- Hoat dong dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi thudng mang nhieu rui ro hon cac nganh khac

- Du an dau khi ddi hoi mot luong von dau tu rat lon

- Hoat dong dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi ddi hoi phai su dung cong nghe va

ki thuat hien dai

- Cong tac dieu hanh ddi hoi chat che va khan truung

1.2.3 Su can thiet phai tien hanh hoat dong dau tu truc tiep trong linh vuc tham

do khai thac dau khi ra nuoc ngoai.

Ngay nay, cung voi su phat trien cua khoa hoc ki thuat, con ngudi da tim ra nhieu nguon nang luong khac, nhung dau khi van la loai nhien lieu quan trong, giu vi tri hang dau trong viec dap ung nhu cau nang luong ngay cang tang cua nen kinh te quoc dan

Nhan thuc duoc vai trd quan trong cua van de cung cap nang luong cho the gioi noi chung va Viet Nam noi rieng; Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi da khong ngung day manh, mo rong hoat dong dau tu tham dd va khai thac dau khi ra nuoc ngoai Hoat dong dau tu nay khong chi cung cap mot nguon dau khi bo sung cho nhu cau nang luong cua dat nuoc, ma cdn tao duoc mot nguon thu ngoai te dang ke, gop phan vao viec duy tri, phat trien nen kinh te dat nuoc noi chung va nganh dau khi noi rieng

Hun nua hoat dong dau tu ra nuoc ngoai chinh la mot trong nhung phuong thuc

ngan nhat giup cho tat ca cac nuoc dang phat trien noi chung, cho nganh dau khi Viet Nam noi rieng co the truc tiep tiep can voi trinh do khoa hoc ki thuat cao cua the gioi, hoc hoi nhung ung dung moi trong cong nghe, lam quen va thich nghi voi thi trudng the gioi

1.2.4 Cac nhan to anh huong den hoat dong dau tu truc tiep ra nuoc ngoai trong linh vuc tham do va khai thac dau khi.

Hoat dong tham do khai thac cua Tong Cong ty phai chiu anh hudng rat Ion tu cac nhan to chinh sau:

- Chinh sach phat trien kinh te cua dat nunc

- He thong phap luat cua quoc gia nhan dau tu, cac thong le dau khi quoc te

- Nhu cau nang lupng, gia dau tho tren the giai

- Moi quan he chinh tri cua Viet Nam ddi vdi cac quoc gia tren the gidi

- Tinh hinh on dinh chinh tri cua quoc gia nhan dau tu

Vdi muc dich de huy dong duoc nguon von ldn, cong nghe hien dai va chia se rui ro, cong tac TD-KT dau khi tai nhieu nude tren the gidi thudng duoc trien khai thong qua viec hop tac quoc te vdi cac nha dau tu nude ngoai Cac hinh thuc hop tac chu yeu la thong qua viec ky cac thoa thuan/hop dong de TD-KT dau khi, trong dd bao gom he thong to nhuong (Consesstion System) va he thong hop dong (Contract System) Trong he thong hop dong cd 3 loai hop dong chinh la:

- Hop dong chia san pham

- Hop dong lien doanh

- Hop dong dich vu

1.2.6 Chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tir true tiep trong linh vyc tham do va khai thac dau khi ra nirdc ngoai.

• Tong so du an dau tu ra nude ngoai

• So luong quoc gia cd cac du an FDI cua quoc gia di dau tu

• Quy mo binh quan cua cac du an dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai

• Toe do tang cua nguon von dau tu

• Ty le thuc hien von dau tu/ von dau tu dang ky.

• Doanh thu tang them /von dau tu

• Loi nhuan tang them /von dau tu

• Hieu qua vo hinh

CHUONG 2:

THUC TRANG HOAT DONG DAU TU THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI

RA NUOC NGOAI TAI TONG CONG TY THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI

(PVEP) GIAI DOAN 2006-2010

2.1 Tong quan ve Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi

Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi duoc thanh lap ngay 04/05/2007tren

co so to chuc lai hai cong ty thanh vien cua Tap doan Dau khi Viet Nam la Cong ty Tham dO Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP) va Cong ty Dau tu - Phat trien Dau khi (PIDC) Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi hoat dong theo mo hinh cong ty me - cong

ty con, trong do Cong ty me - Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi la Cong ty Trach nhiem huu han Nha nuoc mot thanh vien do Tong Cong ty Dau khi QuOc gia Viet Nam nam giu 100% von dieu le

PVEP la Tong cong ty hoat dong trong linh vuc tim kiem tham dO va khai thac dau khi trong va ngoai nuoc Sau nhieu nam hoat dong Tong cong ty da dat duoc nhung thanh tuu to lon, co nhung buoc phat trien vuot bac dua Tong cong ty len mot tam cao moi, tich luy duoc mot luong von lon, phuong tien cong nghe hien dai, doi ngu can bo cong nhan vien co trinh do cao

2.2 Thuc trang hoat dong dau tu tham dO khai thac dau khi ra nuoc ngoai tai Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi giai doan 2006-2010

2.2.1 Tong so dir an dau tir tham do khai thac dau khi rr nuoc n^orii cua Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi.

a Dia ban dau tu

Trong nhung nam qua, tranh thu toi da mdi quan he tot dep cua Dang va Chinh phu voi cac nuoc trong khu vuc va tren the gioi de tim kiem, phat trien cac du an tim kiem tham do o nuoc ngoai, PVEP da co nhung du an o cac dia ban trong tam, cu the:

+ Trung Dong: 02 du an, trong do co du an trong diem la Danan (Iran)

+ Nam My: 04 du an, trong do co dy an trong diem la Junin-2 (Venezuela)+ Chau Phi: 05 dy an, trong do co dy an trong diem la 433a&416b (Algeria)+ Chau A: 08 dy an, Dong Nam A la 07 dy an, trong do dy an trong diem la PM304 va SK305.

+ Nga va cac nuoc Lien xo cu: 01 dy an, Kossor - Uzbeckistan

b Ddi tac dau tu

Cac ddi tac dau tu u nuoc ngoai cua PVEP la cac Nha thau da va dang tham gia trong cac hop dong dau khi u trong nuoc

Doi tac cua PVEP la cac cong ty dau khi quoc te lon, co quan he lau dai voi PVEP nham tan dung cac tiem lyc tai chinh, hoc hoi kinh nghiem quan ly dieu hanh va trinh do ky thuat, cong nghe trong nganh dau khi nhu Total (lo Bomana); ExxonMobil (lo Majunga); PTTEP (lo 433a&416b); Salamander (Champasak&Saravan, Savanakhet);

Ben canh do, PVEP con tap trung de phat trien moi quan he voi cac cong ty dau khi quoc gia tai cac nuoc co dy an dau tu de tan dung toi da nang lyc, sy hieu biet v£ dia ban dau tu, nhu Petronas (SK-305; Randugunting; PM-304); Sonatrach (lo 433a&416b); PDVSA (lo Junin- 2); Pertamina (SK-305; Randugunting)

Ngoai ra, vi muc dich thyc hien nhiem vu kinh te-chinh tri do Nha nuoc/Tap doan giao pho voi cac nuoc Lao va Campuchia anh em, PVEP da va dang trien khai

02 dy an tai Lao (Champasak&Saravan, Savanakhet) va 01 dy an tai Campuchia (lo XV) tren co su su dung Quy Tim kiem tham do cua Tap doan va theo QD 143 cua Chinh phu)

c Loai hinh Hop ddng

Do la nhiem vu then chot nen tat ca cac dy an dau tu ra nuoc ngoai cua Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi la dy an thuoc khau thuong nguon va da phan la dang Hop dong chia san pham (18/19 dy an dang trien khai) Do hop dong phan chia san pham duoc ap dung pho bien u Viet Nam cung nhu tren the gioi Muc do tham gia

va giam sat qua trinh dau tu cua nuoc chu nha cao hon nhieu so voi hinh thuc td nhuong va hop ddng dich vu

d So Iwtmgdir an

Ke tu du an dau tien nam 2000 (PM 304- Malaysia) den cuoi nam 2006, Tap doan dau khi Viet Nam da tham gia vao 8 de an tham do khai thac dau khi Sang den giai doan 2007 - 2008, Nha nudc/Chinh phu da co chu truong cho phep trao doi co phan vdi doi tac nuac ngoai la cac cong ty dau khi quoc te, tao dieu kien cho PVEP tiep can vdi cac du an dau khi co tiem nang ldn d nudc ngoai Trong hai nam, so luong du an d nudc ngoai cua Tong Cong ty da tang them 13 du an, gan gap doi giai doan 2000-2006 Co the noi, giai doan 2007-2008 la giai doan thanh cong cua Tong COng ty trong cong tac tim kiem du an dau tu tham dO khai thac dau khi d nudc ngoai

Bang 2.1: Tong so du an tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai

va so nude nhan dau tu eua Tong Cong ty giai doan 2006-2010

dau khi tai nu’d’c ngoai cua Tong Cong ty

gia cua PVEP

\ -Tham do/tham luong

Phat trien/khai thac

PVEP dieu hanh

Dieu hanh chung

Tham gia/khong dieu hanh CARIBE & NAM MY

Nguon: Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi

b Tinh hinh dan tu cac du an tham do khai thac dan khi ra nudc ngoai cua Tong Cdng ty giai doan 2006-2010.

r y a 7 r

kiem co hoi dau tu ra nude ngoai Sau nhieu nam chuan bi, nghien cuu, den nam 2000 viec dau tu ra nude ngoai da cd budc chuyen bien rd ret Tuy nhien day mdi chi la nhung budc dau, edn mot so han che ve thu tuc dau tu, ve trinh do cong nghe, so du an tham gia con it nen luong von dau tu con thap Den giai doan 2006-2010, Tong Cong

ty day manh dau tu, ky duoc nhieu hop ddng tham do khai thac dau khi, toe do tang cua nguon von kha cao so vdi cac nam trudc Tong Cong ty da va dang trien khai 18

du an tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai, trong do cd 5 du an phat trien khai thac, 13 du an tham do Vdi von dau tu hang nam nhu sau:

hang nam giai doan 2001 - 2010

Dan vi: trieu USD

A A — — - - “A

Nguon: Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi

2.3 Danh gia tinh hinh dau tu* tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nuoc ngoai tai Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi giai doan 2006-2010

2.3.1 Ket qua va hieu qua dau tir tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai giai doan 2006-2010

a Ket qua dau tie

Trong thdi gian qua, viec trien khai cac du an d nude ngoai cua Tong Cong ty bao gom cong tac chuan bi dau tu, thuc hien dau tu tuan thu dung theo quy dinh cua nude tiep nhan dau tu cung nhu thdng le dau khi quoc te, theo dung giay phep dau tu

do Bo Ke hoach va dau tu cap Cac dir an da duoc trien khai theo ke hoach de ra va da thu duoc nhung ket qua thanh cong nhat dinh

• Khdi luong von dau tie thiec hien.

Khoi luong von dau tu thuc hien cac du an tham do khai thac dau khi ra nudc ngoai cua Tong Cong ty luy ke den nam 2010 duoc the hien d bang 2.3:

Bang 2.3: Khoi luong von dau tu- thuc hien cac du an tham dd khai thac dau

khi ra nude ngoai tai nudc ngoai luy ke den 2010

2010

Ngudn: Tong Cdng ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi

• Tdc do tang ngudn vdn dau tie

Bang 2.4: Tdc do tang von dau tu tham do khai thac

- dau khi ra nudc ngoai

Ngudn: Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi

b Hieu qua dau tie

• Doanh thu tang them tren 1 ddng vdn dau tie.

Hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi la mot hoat dong can mot khoang thoi gian dai hang chuc nam moi phat huy duoc hieu qua dau tu Den thoi diem hien tai mdi chi co 02 16 du an d Malaysia (Lo PM 304 va SK-305) di vao khai thac, Lo

PM 304 bat dau cho doanh thu ban dau tu nam 2006; Lo SK 305 tuy co san luong tir thang 6/2010 nhung chuyen ban dau dau tien phai den dau 2011 moi duoc tien hanh nen chua co doanh thu tinh den thoi diem cuoi nam 2010 Cac du an khac con dang trong giai doan tham dd hoac phat trien Doi vdi viec tinh toan chi tieu nay, do doanh thu cua hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi ra nuoc ngoai mdi chi do 01 16 du

an neu tren mang lai, Vi vay trong chi tieu nay, ta co the lay doanh thu va von dau tu cua Lo PM 304 lam so lieu tinh toan

Bang 2.5: Doanh thu tang them tren 1 dong von dau tir

Doanh thu tang them/von dau

Nguon: Tdng Cdng ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi

• Ty le vdn dau tie thuc hien/ ke hoach.

Ngoai nhung nhan to ma mot du an dau tu thong thuong phai chiu tac dong nhu tinh hinh cung cau san pham, gia ca nguyen vat lieu hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi ra nudc ngoai con phai chiu tac dong rat manh cua nhung bien dong kinh

te the gidi, chiu anh hudng tu nhung moi quan he chinh tri giua cac quoc gia Tuy nhien do su no lire cua toan Tong Cong ty ma ty le von dau tu thuc hien / ke hoach hang nam trong hoat dong tham do khai thac dau khi trong giai doan 2006-2010 deu dat d muc kha cao, trung binh khoang 79%

• Quy mo vdn binh quan cua 1 die an tham do khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai cua Tong Cdng ty trong giai doan 2006-2010

dau khi ra nude ngoai cua Tong Cong ty dat nhieu budc tien dang kd: quy mo von dSu

tu, toe do tang cua nguon von, so du an, quy mo von binh quan/ du an deu tang danqua cac nam Sang giai doan 2008-2010, so luong du an tang deu qua cac nam nhung

an d Congo, Iran, Tunisia,

• Hieu qua vd hinh

- Viec dau tu ra nude ngoai cua nganh dau khi Viet Nam noi chung va PVEP noi rieng ngoai viec giup PVEP hoc hoi kinh nghiem, cong nghe va ky thuat hien dai cua cac ddi tac cung tham gia dau tu, se tang nang luc canh tranh quoc gia, nang cao

uy tin cua Viet Nam va PetroVietnam cung nhu cua Tong Cong ty tren thi trudng dau khi the gidi

- Vdi 24 du an dang trien khai d nude ngoai, va 02 du an dang trong giai doan khai thac, nguon ngoai te thu ve cho dat nude moi nam len den hang tram trieu USD Trong cac nam tiep theo, cac du an phat trien nhu du an lo 433a&416b - Algeria (nam 2013), Junin-2 Venezuela (nam 2014) se co ddng dau/khi thuong mai hua hen se mang

ve nguon ngoai te ldn

2.3.2 Nhirng han che con ton tai.

- Han che ve nang luc tai chinh va nang luc cong nghe

- Han che trong viec khai thac thong tin du an

- Han che ve cong tac danh gia du an

- He thong chi tieu danh gia hieu qua cua timg loai du an cho tung khu vuc chua duoc xay dung mot each rd rang chi tiet

- Thai gian va quy trinh phe duyet du an keo dai

- Khung phap ly cho hoat dong dau tu dau khi d nude ngoai chua duqc hoan

CHITONG 3:

GIAI PHAP DAY MANH HOAT DONG THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI • • •

RA MOC NGOAI CUA TONG CONG TY THAM DO & KHAI THAC DAU

KHI (PVEP) TOI NAM 2015

3.1 Da dang hoa ph iron g thuc dau tir

Dau tu vao cac du an tim kiem tham do dau khi d nudc ngoai la mot muc tieu hoan toan dung dan doi vdi PVN/PVEP Tuy nhien viec dau tu cac du an tim kiem tham do ra nudc ngoai ma lai chu yeu thong qua hinh thuc dau thau quoc te la mot hudng di chua thuc su phu hop PVEP cd the thong qua nhieu hinh thuc khac nhu mua

md, mua quyen tham gia vao cac du an san co Ap dung cac hinh thuc lien doanh lien ket, tham gia vao to hop dau thau quoc te

Viec da dang hoa dau tu se giup cho PVEP giam thieu duoc nhieu rui ro trong hoat dong kinh doanh cua minh, dong thdi con tang cudng co hoi hop tac, hoc tap chuyen giao cong nghe, tiep thu kinh nghiem quan ly dieu hanh tir cac Cong ty dau khi

ldn tren the gidi cung nhu tham gia mot phan nhd be vao thi trudng lao dong qudc te

3.2 Giai phap phat trien ngudn nhan lire

Ve lau dai can co chinh sach dao tao nang cao so luong va chat luong cac chuyen gia ngudi Viet Cd the ap dung cac hinh thuc dao tao ngan han ddi vdi cac khoa chuyen sau ve ky thuat, cac khoa dao tao trung va dai han ddi vdi cac khoa tiep can trinh do cac nudc tien tien tren ca be rong va be sau

Xay dung quy dao tao tai PVEP thu xep mot phan tir dong gop dao tao cua cac nha thau dau khi nudc ngoai tai cac du an trong nudc Quy dao tao phai the hien dupe tarn quan trong cua cdng tac dao tao

Xay dung chinh sach, phuong phap danh gia su dung can bo mot each khoa hoc

va hieu qua Cac tieu chi danh gia phai minh bach va tien tien Chinh sach danh gia hudng den tinh chu dong cua can bo trong viec chu dong xac dinh muc tieu trong tirng cdng viec duoc giao va chu dong dat ra muc tieu cao hon, cd the vdi hinh thuc tu luan chuyen

De giu dirge ngudi lao dong, dac biet cac can bo gidi, co kinh nghiem, chinh sach luong, thuong, dai ngo can dam bao cac tieu chi: minh bach, cdng bang va cd sue hap dan, canh tranh, cho du tuong doi.

3.3 Giai phap ve phat trien khoa hoc cdng nghe

Day manh cac hoat dong nghien cuu khoa hoc va ung dung cdng nghe mdi nham nang cao hieu qua cdng tac quan ly, dieu hanh va hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh Tich cue nghien cuu va sir dung cd chon loc cac cdng nghe tien tien trong linh virc tham dd khai thac dau khi duoc nam bat tir cdng tac dao tao, tir chuyen giao cdng nghe va tir thuc tien san xuat

Tranh thu toi da sir hop tac vdi cac dun vi trong nganh nham trien khai cac hoat dong nghien cuu, phat trien khoa hoc cdng nghe Ben canh do can cd sir doi mdi trong

cu che quan ly cac de tai nghien cuu; dua ra cac yeu cau, muc tieu nghien cuu trong timg giai doan cho cac dun vi nghien cuu thuc hien trien khai

3.4 Giai phap ve to chirc

Hoan thien bo may to chirc quan ly cua Tong cdng ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi theo hinh thuc gon nhe bo may, tranh su cdng kenh khong can thiet, dieu chinh cu cau to chirc, cu che quan ly phii hup vdi yeu cau hoat dong cua mot cdng ty dau khi quoc te, phan cap va phan dinh rd trach nhiem cua timg bo phan, ca nhan

Xay dung va ap dung quy trinh he thong quan ly dau tu hieu qua, he thong dinh mire kinh te ky thuat tien tien; Xac dinh cdng nghe thong tin la cdng cu quan ly him hieu nhat; Giam thieu tinh quan lieu trong to chirc bo may va tang hieu qua phoi hup giua cac bo phan trong Tong cdng ty

3.5 Giai phap ve tai chinh

Vdi nguon tai chinh han hep, kinh nghiem quan ly dieu hanh con han che trong khi dau tu vao cac du an tim kiem tham dd khai thac dau khi d nude ngoai doi hoi mot luong vdn ldn Do do PVEP can phai thu hut them nhieu nguon vdn khac nhau de md rong nguon vdn kinh doanh cua minh tren nguyen tac chung: Phat huy tinh doc lap tu

chu trong hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, toan bo nhu cau vdn dau tu cua PVEP se

duoc PVEP chu dong can ddi t£r von kinh doanh va cac quy cua Tong cong ty theo thur

tu uu tien lan luot la gop vdn van hanh, gop von phat trien, mua mo va gop von tim kiem tham dd Phan von tim kiem tham dd con thieu se de nghi PVN cap;

3.6 Ddi moi phuong phap khai thac thong tin ve du* an

PVEP can phai ket hop chat che gitra cac kenh thong tin cd duoc de dua ra quyet dinh lua chon dau tu cua minh Co nhu vay mdi co the so sanh, ddi chung, sang loc nham loai bo cac thong tin khong chinh xac hoac co the xac dinh bo qua cac du an

co do tin cay thap hoac kern hap dan nham dua ra quyet dinh dau tu chinh xac nhat Them vao do PVEP can tang cudng day manh ung dung cong nghe thong tin trong dieu hanh quan ly cong tac tim kiem tham dd va khai thac dau khi, xay dung mot co so dvr lieu dau khi cho rieng PVEP de co the dua vao do de danh gia cac co hoi dau tu cua minh

3.7 Hoan thien cong tac danh gia dir an

De khac phuc cac thieu sot trong cong tac danh gia du an tai Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi, ngoai viec nang cao trinh do doi ngu can bo cua PVEP (

se duoc de cap cu the d cac giai phap tiep theo), cong tac danh gia du an cung can phai to chuc lai va xem xet dau tu nhieu hon theo chieu sau:

— Xac dinh rd muc tieu cu the cho viec danh gia du an:

— Xay dung lai he thong tieu chi danh gia du an cho tung loai du an, cho timg khu vuc dau tu

— Coi trong va lam day du cac budc danh gia du an, xay dung mo hinh danh gia

— Chu y tdi hieu qua kinh te - xa hoi ma du an dem lai

— Coi trong yeu to thdi co trong danh gia

3.8 Doi moi quy trinh tham tra, phe duyet va ra quyet dinh dau tir

■ Rut ngan thdi gian tham tra ho so’: Theo Nghi dinh 17/2009/ND-CP (co hieu lire

tu ngay 6/4/2009), thdi gian tham dinh ho so du an duoc rut ngan dang ke, co the chi mat 3 ngay, thay vi 1 thang nhu trudc day Sau khi PVEP trinh hd so len PVN, PVN se tham dinh ho so du an do Muon qua trinh nay duoc nhanh chong, PVN co

the cur chuyen gia true tiep tham gia qua trinh lap ho so Khi ho so duoc gui len PVN thi co the rut ngan duoc dang ke thdi gian doc va tim hieu du an.

■ Quy trinh va thdi gian phe duyet

De nhanh chong tim kiem duoc cac du an moi d nudc ngoai mot each hieu qua, can co qui dinh cu the rd rang ve thdi gian phe duyet va cac cap cd tham quyen can ton trong thuc hien dung cac quy dinh do Thdi gian tham dinh phe duyet chi nen keo dai toi da 20 ngay va PVEP nen duoc thong bao ngay trong vong 3 ngay ke tu khi cd quyet dinh

3.9 Hoan thien khung phap ly cho hoat dong dau tir dau khi o’ nude ngoai

De giup PVEP hoat dong duoc theo thong le dau khi quoc te, trudc mat nen tien hanh mot so bien phap sau:

- Tien hanh ra soat tat ca cac van ban phap luat, Nghi dinh, Thong tu lien quan den dau tu ra nudc ngoai, tu do dieu chinh nhtrng noi dung khdng thong nhat, bai bo nhtrng quy dinh trai vdi chinh sach hoac vdi luat, khac phuc nhtrng thu tuc gay phien ha, khdng phu hop vdi hop tac quoc te

- Chinh phu nen cho phep PVEP khi trien khai cac du an tham dd khai thac d nudc ngoai dupe thuc hien cdng tac dau thau (mdi thau, danh gia va phe duyet/trao thau) theo quy dinh cua nudc chu nha va hop dong dau khi da dupe phe duyet trong Giay phep Dau tu

- PVEP se kien nghi Chinh phu cho phep thanh lap cdng ty thanh vien d nudc ngoai de thuc hien du an neu can thiet

KET LUAN•

Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP) la mot don vi thanh vien true thuoc Tap doan dau khi Viet Nam, duoc thanh lap vdi nhiem vu dieu hanh va trien khai cac du an tim kiem, tham do, khai thac dau khi trong nude, tham gia nhu mot ben nha thau cung cac doi tac trien khai cac hop dong phan chia san pham, cac hop dong lien doanh va lien doanh dieu hanh chung d trong nude; tim kiem, tham dd, khai thac dau khi dau tu d nude ngoai Tir nhung nam 1990 Tong Cdng ty da bat dAu day manh hoat dong tim kiem cac co hoi dau tu ra nude ngoai nham gia tang tru luong dau khi hang nam cho dat nude Ngay 23/09/2006 la thoi diem Lo dau khi tai nude ngoai cho dong dau thuong mai dau tien, danh dau mot moc quan trong trong hoat dong dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai cua nganh dau khi Viet Nam noi chung va cua Tong Cong ty noi rieng

Qua viec phan tich thuc trang, danh gia nhung ket qua dat duqc va nhung han che con ton tai, ta co the thay rd vai tro quan trong cua viec day manh hoat dong dau

tu tham dd khai thac dau khi ra nude ngoai trong viec dam bao an ninh nang luong, gop mot phan quan trong trong su nghiep cdng nghiep hoa hien dai hoa dat nude Tuy nhien Tong Cdng ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi can khong ngirng tang cudng cai thien, khac phuc cac han che de co the ngay cang ldn manh, tao duqc mot vi the tren trudng quoc te

LCH MODAL

Dau md va khi thien nhien ngay cang chung to vai tro quan trong cua no ddi vdi bat ky quoc gia nao tren the gidi hien nay, dac biet la cac nude cd nen kinh te dang phat trien nhu nude ta Trong thdi gian vua qua, chung ta da chung kien su bidn dong gia dau tho rat manh me, theo du bao thi gia dau tho se edn tang cao trong

tuong lai Dd la xu the tat yeu do nhu cau su dung cac san pham t£r nguon tai nguyen quy gia nay ngay cang tang trong khi trur luong dau khi tren the gidi ngay cang suy giam

Trong hon ba muoi nam, ke tir ngay thanh lap Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam (3/9/1975) va nhat la tir khi cd Nghi quyet so 15/NQ-TW (ngay 7/7/1988) cua Bo Chinh tri Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang Cong san Viet Nam khoa VI ve phuong hudng phat trien nganh Dau khi Viet nam den nam 2000, cong tac tham do khai thac dau khi - mot trong cac hoat dong quan trong nhat cua Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam da

cd nhung budc tien vugt bac, gop phan quan trong trong viec dam bao an ninh nang

Tong Cong ty Tham dd Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP) la don vi thanh vien thay mat Tap doan dau khi thuc hien nhiem vu quan trong va kho khan nay Trong vai nam trd lai day PVEP da cd su phat trien vugt bac, thuc hien thang lgi nhieu nhiem

vu chien luge do Tap doan giao pho Tong Cong ty da va dang trien khai cd hieu qua hang loat nhung du an tham dd khai thac trong va ngoai nude va trong thdi gian tdi

se tiep tuc md rong hoat dong dau tu vao nhieu du an mdi Vdi muc tieu xac dinh tiem nang, gia tang tru lugng dau khi va dam bao an ninh nang lugng cho dat nude trong tuong lai, PVEP da khong nhung md rong khu vuc tim kiem tham dd trong

nudc ma con tich cue hop tac vdi cac ddi tac nudc ngoai de tim kiem cac co hoi dau

tu vao cac du an tham do khai thac dau khi d nhieu nudc tren the gidi

Trong boi canh nen kinh te cd nhieu bien dong nhu hien nay, viec danh gia, nghien cuu, phan tich va tong ket tinh hinh dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua PVEP dd tu do rut ra cac bai hoc kinh nghiem, cac giai phap phu hop nham thuc day va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong dau tu ra nudc ngoai cua PVEP la nhiem vu tat yeu Do do, tac gia da lira chon de tai “Dau tir true tiep ra nudc ngoai trong linh vuc tham do va khai thac dau khi tai Tong cong ty Tham do & Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP)” cho

Luan van thac sy cua minh

Chuang II: Thuc trang hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi ra nudc ngoai tai Tong Cong ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi (PVEP) giai doan 2006 -2010

Noi dung chuong hai gidi thieu mot each tong quan ve Tong Cdng ty Tham

dd Khai thac Dau khi vdi qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cung nhu co cau chuc nang cua PVEP Trong chuong nay cung neu ra thuc trang hoat dong dau tu ra nudc ngoai trong giai doan 2006 - 2010 cua PVEP cung vdi nhung danh gia ve han che con ton tai trong qua trinh trien khai thuc hien cac du an tim kiem tham do va khai thac dau khi d nudc ngoai cua PVEP

Chuong III: Gidi phap day manh hoat dong dau tu tim kiem tham do khai thac dau khi ra nudc ngoai cua Tdng Cdng ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi ddn nam 2015

Dua vao cac phan ti'ch ve tinh hinh thuc hien dau tu ra nude ngoai cua PVEP tai chuung II, chuung nay se de xuat cac giai phap nham day manh va nang cao hieu qua dau tu ra nude ngoai cua PVEP.

De thuc hien dupe de tai nay doi hoi phai thu thap, xu ly, phan tich va danh gia mot khoi luong thong tin rat ldn Song nhd su hudng dan tan tinh cua Tien sy Nguyen Hong Minh, su hup tac tich cue cua cac ban dong nghiep trong Tong Cdng

ty Tham do Khai thac Dau khi nen viec nghien cuu da dat duuc nhung ket qua nhat dinh Tuy nhien Luan van cung khong tranh khoi nhung han che va thieu sot nhat dinh Tac gia rat mong nhan duoc nhieu y kien dong gop cua cac nha quan ly, cac thay co giao va cac ban dong nghiep de tiep tuc hoan thien trong nhung nghien cuu tiep theo

CHlTONG I:

LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU* TRUC TIEP RA NIOC NGOAI TRONG LINH VUC THAM DO KHAI THAC DAU KHI

1.1 Ly luan chung ve dau tu* true tiep ra nude ngoai

1.1.1 Khai niem dau tir true tiep nird’c ngoai

Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la loai hinh di chuyen von quoc te, trong do ngudi chu sd huu von dong thdi la ngudi true tiep quan ly va dieu hanh hoat dong su dung von, Su ra ddi va phat trien cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la ket qua tat yeu cua qua trinh quoc te hoa va phan cong lao dong quoc te

Theo Luat Dau Tu Viet Nam 2005: “Dau tu true tiep ra nude ngoai la viec nha dau tu dua von bang tien va cac tai san hop phap khac tir Viet Nam ra nude ngoai de tien hanh hoat dong dau tu va tham gia quan ly hoat dong dau tu.”

1.1.2 Cac hinh thirc dau tir true tiep nirdc ngoai

Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cd the duoc phan chia theo nhieu tieu thuc khac nhau

* Neu can cu vao tinh phap ly cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cd the chia FDIthanh cac loai:

- Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh

- Doanh nghiep lien doanh

- Doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai

Ngoai ra con cd cac hinh thuc dau tu khac la:

- Hop dong xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao (BOT)

- Xay dung- chuyen giao- kinh doanh (BTO)

- Xay dung- chuyen giao (BT)

* Neu can cu vao tinh chat dau tu cd the chia dau tu true tiep nude ngoai

thanh hai loai:

- Dau tu tap trung trong khu cong nghiep- khu che xuat

- Dau tu phan tan

* Neu can cu vao qua trinh tai san xuat co the chia dau tu true tiep nudc ngoaithanh:

- Dau tu vao nghien cuu va trien khai

- Dau tu vao cung ung nguyen lieu

- Dau tu vao san xuat

- Dau tu vao tieu thu san pham

* Neu can cu vao linh vuc dau tu co the chia dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai:

- Dau tu vao cdng nghiep

- Dau tu vao nong nghiep

- Dau tu vao dich vu

* Neu can cu theo dong co dau tu, FDI cd the theo cac dong co tim kiem ngudn luc, tim kiem thi trudng, tim kiem hieu qua va tim kiem tai san chien luge

Theo Luat dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, cac hinh thuc dau tu nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam gom bon hinh thuc sau:

- Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh

- Doanh nghiep lien doanh

- Doanh nghiep 100% vdn nudc ngoai

- BOT

1.1.3 Tinh tat yeu cua dau tu- true tiep nude ngoai

Nguyen tac lgi the so sanh cho phep hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai lgi dung duoc nhtrng uu the tuong ddi cua moi nudc, dem lai lgi ich cho ca hai ben: ben dau

tu va ben tiep nhan dau tu Nhtrng thuan lgi ve ky thuat cua cac cdng ty cho phep nd

so sanh vdi cdng ty con cua nd d nhtrng vi tri khac nhau do viec tan dung tu ban chuyen dich cung nhu chuyen giao cac cdng nghe san xuat cua nudc ngoai tdi nhtrng noi ma gia thanh thap

thanh tiru khoa hoc ky thuat da keo con nguoi d khap noi tren the gidi xich lai gan nhau hon va dudi tac dong cua quoc te hoa khac buoc cac nude phai md cua vdi ben ngoai Vi vay, dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la mot trong nhung hinh thuc kinh doanh

va dang phat trien Mot nude dang phat trien se khai thac tiem nang vdn cd cua minh mot each hieu qua hon khi nhan nguon vdn va cdng nghe tu cac nude phat trien thong qua viec lien doanh, hop danh va cac dang dau tu BOT, BT, BTO Mat khac, cac nude phat trien se thu duoc lqi nhuan cao hon khi bo vdn dau tu ra nude ngoai Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai con gop phan cai thien mdi quan he chinh tri giua cac quoc gia, cac quan he hop tac thuong mai, van de mdi trudng, cac quan he van hoa

xa hoi khac, tao len tieng noi chung giua cac cong dong va khu vuc

r

1.1.4 Dong co de thuc hien dau tu true tiep nude ngoai

Kinh doanh quoc te cd nhieu hinh thuc nhu: xuat nhap khau, dau tu, hop dong hop tac, cac hinh thuc do se duqc cac chu the tham gia kinh doanh quoc te ap dung cho timg trudng hop tham nhap thi trudng va tuy kha nang cua cac chu the Cac chu the kinh doanh quoc te quyet dinh tham nhap thi trudng nude ngoai theo phuong thuc dau tu true tiep trong cac trudng hop sau:

Hai Id, xuat khau cong nghe lac hau nham keo dai chu ky song cua cong nghe

nhom nude: cac nude phat trien, cac nude dang phat trien va cac nude cham phat trien Cac nude phat trien cd trinh do cong nghe vuot rat xa vdi hai nhom nude edn lai Qua trinh chuyen giao cong nghe lac hau cac nude phat trien sang cac nude dang phat trien va cham phat trien thong qua hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai se keo dai chu ky song cua cong nghe cung nhu chu ky song cua san pham do cong nghe do san xuat ra

Ba la, tranh thu su uu dai cua nude sd tai Hien nay, xu hudng tu do hoa thuong mai dang trd len thinh hanh, nhung mot so quoc gia van ap dung chinh sach

bao ho thuong mai thong qua hai cong cu thue quan va phi thue quan Vi vay, xu hudng dau tu true tiep nude ngoai nham vuqt qua cac rao can thuong mai va tranhthu su uu dai cua Chinh phu nude sd tai

Nam la, khai thac ngudn luc nude ngoai Cac quoc gia deu cd gidi han ve

nguon luc, tham chi khong cd nguon luc Khi cac nguon luc trong nude khan hiemcac chu dau tu cd xu hudng vuon ra thi trudng nude ngoai nham khai thac ngudn lucsan cd cua nude sd tai nhu: tai nguyen thien nhien, lao ddng re Vi vay ho tien hanh dau tu true tiep nude ngoai

1.1.5 Cac ly thuyet ve dau tir nirdc ngoai

1.1.5.1 Ly thuyet HO (Heckcher va Ohlin (1933), Richard S.Eckaus (1987)

La mot md hinh toan can bang tong the trong ly thuyet thuong mai quoc te va phan cong lao dong quoc te dung de du bao xem quoc gia nao se san xuat mat hang nao tren co sd nhung yeu to san xuat san cd cua quoc gia

Hai nha kinh te hoc Thuy Bien Eli Heckcher (1919) va Recto Ohlin (1933) dua ra mot each giai thich khac ve ngudn goc cua lqi the so sanh Theo hai ong, lqi

Tren co sd ly thuyet va lgi the tuang ddi, Heckcher va Ohlin da phan tich anh hudng cua cac yeu to san xuat tiem tang den thuong mai va giai thich cac dong thai

doi du thtra lao dong, nhung lao thieu vdn san xuat va xuat khau nhtrng mat hang cannhieu lao dong va nhap khau nhung mat hang can nhieu vdn Heckcher va Ohlincung cho rang trong trudng hop nay, quan he thuong mai lam lgi cho ca 2 quoc gia gia trao doi

1.1.5.2 Ly thuyet Chu ky san pham bat kip cua Akamatsu (1962)

Ngudi khdi xudng ly thuyet nay la giao su Kaname Akamatsu da ly giai su

"bat kip" (catch up) cua cac nudc dang phat trien ddi vdi cac nudc tien tien Trong su duoi kip nay, van de co cau nganh cd y nghTa quan trong Qua trinh "bat kip" nay dugc chia thanh 4 giai doan:

Giai doan 1: cac nudc kern phat trien nhap hang cdng nghiep che bien tu cac nudc phat trien va xuat khau trd lai mot sosan pham thu cdng, nong nghiep.Giai doan 2: Cac nudc cham phat trien tiep nhan dau tu cua cac nudc phat trien

de tu che tao lay cac hang hoa cdng nghiep tieu dung ma trudc day van phai nhap Day la giai doan tich luy tu ban va mo phong cdng nghe che tao cua cac nudc phat trien

Giai doan 3: Nhung san pham cdng nghiep thay the nhap khau d giai doan 2 da

cd the trd thanh nhtrng san pham xuat khau Khoang each gitra nhung nudc di sau vdi cac nudc phat trien khdng con bao xa, vi vay ma so lugng va qui mo mat hang xuat khau ngay cang md rong

• • r 7 r y r >

- Giai doan 4: Xuat khau hang cong nghiep tieu dung bat dau giam xuong, nen cong nghiep da dat trinh do ngang bang voi cac nuoc phat trien va bat dau chuyen giao mot so san pham cong nghiep tieu dung cho cac nuoc kem phat trien hon

1.2 Dau tir trirc tiep ra nu’d’c trong nganh dau tkh

1.2.1 Cac cong doan va irinh ir lien hanh cua hoai dong dau ir iham do khai ihac dau khi

1.2.1.1 Cac cong doan cua mot hoat dong dau khi

Hoat dong dau khi duoc chia lam 3 giai doan chinh:

So do 1.1: So do cac cong doan cua hoai dong dau khi

THUONG

NGUON

- Linh vuc ihuong nguon (cdn goi la khau dau, hoac upstream): la hoat dong

tham do khai thac, duoc tinh tu khi bat dau cac hoat dong khao sat dia vat ly, xu ly tai lieu dia chan, khoan tham do cho toi khi khai thac de dua dau hoac khi len mieng gieng

- Linh vuc irung nguon (con goi la khau giua, hoac midstream): la hoat

dong van chuyen tang trd dau khi, la khau noi lien khai thac voi che bien san phdm.

- Linh vuc ha nguon ( cdn goi la khau sau, hoac downstream): bao gom cac

hoat dong loc dau, che bien va xd ly dau khi Hoat dong nay duoc tinh tu khi nhan dau/khi tu noi xuat phat cua khu khai thac den qua trinh loc, che bien, hoa dau va kinh doanh, phan phoi cua cac san pham dau/khi do

Ca 3 linh vuc hoat dong nay co moi quan he phu thuoc, chi phoi lan nhau Hoat dong trong linh vuc thuong nguon la hoat dong tuy mang rui ro lon nhung lai dem lai loi nhuan nhieu nhat nen no co suc hap dan rat lon

1.2.1.2 Noi dung chinh cua hoat dong dau tic tham do khai thac dau khi

Mot qua trinh dau tu tham dd khai thac dau khi duoc chia thanh 3 giai doan:

- Giai doan tham do va tham luong

- Giai doan phat trien

- Giai doan khai thac

Bang 1.1 : Thdi gian cac giai doan trong hoat dong tham do va khai thac dau khi

-T - - -A

Ngudn: Tong Cong ty Dau khi Viet Nam

Noi dung cu the cua cac giai doan nhu sau:

a) Giai doan tham do va tham luong:

- Giai doan tham dd' Gdm cac hoat dong sau:

• Nghien cuu dia chat:

+ Tai xu ly tai lieu dia chat da thu nd

+ Thu nd dia chan ( 2D, 3D)

+ Xu ly tai lieu va minh giai dia chan

+ Danh gia trien vong dau khi

+ Xac dinh vi tri gieng khoan

Xac lap va trinh duyet cac bao cao can thiet (bao cao danh gia tiem nang, xac dinh vi tri khoan va chucmg trinh khoan, danh gia tac dong mdi truong, thiet ke chi tiet gieng khoan)

• Khoan:

+ Chuan bi vat tu thiet bi

+ Khao sat dia chan cong trinh

+ Dau thau gian khoan, dau thau tau dich vu, true thang.

+ Cac dich vu khac (thu via, bom tram, tha ong chong)

+ Cap nhap thong tin, so sanh vai du kien

+ Phan tich mau

• Lap bao cao tong ket:

+ Danh gia va tinh toan tiem nang dau khi

+ Lap chuong trinh tham do tiep theo

+ Tuyen bo phat hien

+ Bao cao hoan tra dien tich

- Giai doan tham luong:

Giai doan tham luong thuong keo dai 3-5 nam, vai muc dich xac dinh chinh xac cac cap tru luong dau khi, cac thong so ki thuat tang chua thuoc khu vuc tham do nham lam ca sa cho viec thiet ke phat trien khai thac mo Ket thuc giai doan tham luong, Chu dau tu (nha thau) phai lap bao cao tinh toan tru luong trinh hoi dong co tham quyen (nha nuac) phe duyet

b) Giai doan phat trien:

Giai doan phat trien dugc bat dau khi bao cao tinh toan tru luong duoc phe duyet Day la giai doan cue ki quan trong, ddi hoi nha dau tu phai tap trung nhieu nhan luc va vdn nhat Nha thau phai lap ke hoach phat trien mo bao gom cac noi dung:

- Tru luong (phan tich cu the cac thong so dia chat)

- Giai phap cdng nghe toi uu ( dua ra cac phuong an khai thac de luu chon phuong an toi uu), danh gia tac dong moi trudng

- Chi phi dau tu (tong muc dau tu)

- To chuc trien khai ( sa do to chuc, dao tao nhan luc )

- Tien do thuc hien

- Danh gia hieu qua kinh te.

c) Giai doan khai thac:

Giai doan khai thac bat dau khi co dong dau/ khi dau tien Tren thuc te phai can 1 giai doan chuan bi trudc tu 6 thang ddn 1 nam cho giai doan nay

Cac cong viec chinh cua nha thau trong giai doan nay:

- Quan ly, giam sat, cap nhat thong tin trong qua trinh khai thac

- Danh gia kha nang khai thac thuc te so vdi ke hoach

- Lam cac thu tuc can thiet (cau, cang ) de xuat hoac ban san phSm

- Kiem soat dong tien, tinh chi phi thu hoi, lai, thue

- Dieu chinh ke hoach cho phu hop vdi thuc te

1.2.2 Dac trirng co* ban cua hoat dong dau tir tham do va khai thac dau khi.

Hoat dong dau tu tham do va khai thac dau khi cung mang nhung dac diem co ban cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien nhu: Doi hoi mot luong vdn ldn, luong vdn nay

nam khe dong trong suot qua trinh dau tu; Thoi gian tien hanh dau tu va thoi gian thu hoi vdn keo dai; Cac thanh qua cua hoat dong dau tu cd gia tri su dung lau dai; Thanh qua cua hoat dong dau tu la cac cdng trinh se ton tai va phat huy tac dung ngay tai noi dau tu; Hoat dong dau tu phat trien dien ra trong thoi gian dai nen phai chiu muc rui ro rat cao

Tuy nhien hoat dong tham do khai thac dau khi cd sir khac biet so vdi cac du

an dau tu phat trien thong thuong khac d mot so dac diem sau:

1.2.2.1 Hoat dong dau tu tham do khai thac dau khi thuong mang nhieu rui ro hon cac nganh khac.

Khi quyet dinh dau tu du an, chu dau tu van chua khang dinh duqc:

- Quy mo dau tu

- Cdng nghe ung dung va thi trudng tieu thu

- Cdng suat, chung loai va chat luong san pham

Toan bo chi phi dau tu va van hanh dupe thu hoi lai dudi hinh thuc thu hoi chi phi theo luat chi trong dieu kien cd phat hien thuong mai Va thoi gian ngirng khai thac (dong mo ) chi duqc du bao chu khong the an dinh trudc