Tăng cường thu hút đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài của việt nam vào cộng hoà dân chủ nhân dân lào

Bui Huy Nhu^ng Chuyen nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh quoc te Ten de tai luan van: Tang cuong thu hut dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai cua Viet Nam vao cong hoa dan chu nhan dan Lao Can cu quyet n

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KOVEEXAY VANGXONGXAY

TANG CUONG THU HUT DAU TU TRUC TIEP

M OC NGOAI CUA VIET NAM VAO CONG HOA• •

DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO

CHUYENNGANH : QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE

LUAN VAN THAC SI QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

TT THONG TIN THU V1EN

PHONG LUAN AN • TU LIEU

Ha Noi, nam 2020

cam ket bang danh du ca nhan rang nghien cuu nay do toi tu thuc hien va khong vi pham yeu cau ve su trung thuc t r ong hoc thuat.

Ha Noi, ngayofthangKnam

TAC GIA LUAN VAN

than va dugc sir giup do tan tinh, dong vien khich 1$ cua thay co, ban be va nguai than Qua day, Em xin gui lai cam an chan thanh den nhung ngiroi da giup da em trong thai gian hoc tap - Nghien cuu khoa hoc vira qua.

Em xin tran trong guri den PGS.TS Trinh Thi Thu Huang - Nguai da true tiep tan tinh huang dan cung nhu cung cap tai lieu, thong tin khoa hoc can thiet cho bai luan nay lai cam an chan thanh va sau sac nhat

Xin cam an lanh dao, ban giam hien cung toan the cac thay co giao truang Dai hoc Kinh Te Quoc dan da tao dieu ki$n cho em hoan thanh tot cong vise nghien cuu khoa hoc cua minh

Cuoi cung, em xin cam an gia dinh, nguai than, ban be da luon ben canh, ung

ho, dong vien

Em xin chan thanh cam an!

YEU CAU CUA HOI DONG DANH GIA LUAN VAN THAC SI

Ve: Nhtmg diem can sura chua bo sung tnrdc khi nop luan van chinh thuc cho

Vien Dao tao Sau dai hoc

BAO CAO CHINH SUA, HOAN THIEN LUAN VAN

THEO YEU CAU CUA HOI DONG DANH GlA LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP

Nguai huang dan: PGS.TS Bui Huy Nhu^ng

Chuyen nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh quoc te

Ten de tai luan van: Tang cuong thu hut dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai cua Viet Nam vao cong hoa dan chu nhan dan Lao

Can cu quyet nghi tai buoi hop ngay 02/11/2020 cua Hoi dong danh gia luan van tot nghiep (duac thanh lap theo Quyet dinh so 177 4/ QD-DHKTQD ngay 29/10/2020 cua Hieu truang Truang Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan), hoc vien da chinh sua, hoan thien luan van theo cac noi dung nhu sau:

cua Hpi dong danh gia

Noi dung HV da chinh sua, bo sung hoac giai trinh ly do neu muon bao

luu y kien ban dau

The hien trong luan van (ghi rd

so dong, so trang)

sau han moi quan he trong bai,

bo tuyen bo ve khao sat

Da luan giai va phan tich sau han moi quan he dau tu truc tiep nuac ngoai giua Viet Nam va Lao.

Trang 1, trang 2

ngu, ngu nghia tieng viet

Da chuan hoa khai niem, thuat ngu ngu nghia tieng viet

Toan bai

chung, ra soat tinh logic cua

cac so lieu dua ra

Da ra soat tinh logic cac so lieu dua ra

Chuang 2

boi canh trong nuac, lam sau

sac them cac kien nghi, phai co

quan diem doi mai nhu ve bo

may xuc tien, kien nghi vai

chinh phu

29 trang 67, dong 1 den dong 8 trang 68

ta, loi trinh bay

Da chinh sua cac loi chinh ta va loi trinh bay

Toan bai

' _ '

- De tai: Tang cu ' d ' ng thu hut dau tu nwo ' c ngoai cua V i et Nam vao Cong hoa dan chu nhan dan Lao

- Chuyen nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh quoc te

- Hoc vien cao hoc: Koveexay Vangxongxay.

- Ngud 'i nhan xet: Tien si Ngo Cdng Thanh.

1 Ve tinh cap thiet, y nghia ly luan & thuc tien cua de tai nghien cuu:

thu hut von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai de thuc hien cac chuong trinh, ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nudc T i nh den het thang 9 / 2020, Vie t Nam

du an, tong von dau tu hon 4,3 ty USD.

Vdi moi quan he truyen thong dac biet lau ddi giua hai nudc, hai chinh

te cua hai nudc.

dang tang cuang hop tac toan dien ve kinh te, thuong mai, dau tu de thuc day su phat trien chung.

2 Nhung uu diem chu yeu cua luan van:

A

- De tai Luan van khong trung lap vdi cac cong trinh nghien cuu da cong

bo ma chung toi duac biet.

luan ve dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai va cac nhan to anh hudng tdi thu hut dau tu

nguon nhan luc.

- Trong chuong II, luan van tap trung phan tich, danh gia thuc trang dau

xuc tien dau tu, cai thien moi trudng kinh doanh nham thu hut dau tu truc tiep

- Tren ca sd xem xet cac yeu to: H i ep dinh dau tu toan dien ASEAN

(ACIA ) , Hie p d i nh khuyen khich va bao ho dau tu Vie t Nam - L a o, tac dong

cua cach mang khoa hoc cong nghe tren the gidi va chien tranh thuang mai My -

thu tuc hanh chinh ve thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai.

3 Ket cau noi dung, phuung phap giai quyet van de va hinh thUc luan

quyet cac van de dat ra Theo toi, cac phuang phap nghien cuu nay phu hgp vdi

de tai nghien cuu.

Cac thong tin su dung trong luan van dam bao do tin cay va cap nhat, van

Ve hinh thuc t ri n h bay, tuy con mot so loi ky thuat, luan van ca ban dap

ung dugc yeu cau quy dinh doi vdi mot luan van thac si.

4 Mot so diem gop y them voi tac gia:

tiep nudc ngoai noi chung, chua neu bat dugc chu de thu hut dau tu truc tiep cua

4.1 De nan g c ao no n nu n cn at lu g hg l ua n van, t a c gi a c an d i sau ph an t i c h

ve moi quan he dac biet va tinh huu nghi v i dai Vie t - L a o, su tuang dong ve

van hoa, chinh tri giua hai dan toc; su ho trn, bo khuyet cho nhau ve dieu kien tu

dai nhieu cang biCn; chieu dai bien gidi giua hai nudc va be ngang hep tao thuan

Nam.

Lao - Viet va Viet - Lao cung nhu cac hiep dinh song phuong ma hai ben da ky ket den viec thu hut dau tu tir Viet Nam vao Lao.

4.3 Ve cac giai phap va kien nghi can bo sung noi dung giai phap ve tang cuong hoat dong xuc tien dau tu (bo may, co che, to chuc hoat dong), dau tu phat trien he thong ket cau ha tang, phat trien nguon nhan lire; bo sung them kien nghi doi vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam va Chinh phu Lao nham thuc day manh

me hoat dong hop tac dau tu giua hai nudc.

4.4 Mot so gop y cu the:

- Can chuan xac mot so tir ngir dac thu: “ tinh den het nam 2019” thay cho

“ nam 2019” (tr.2), “Lao” thay cho “ Lan Xang” ( tr.23), “Luat khuyen khich dau tu” thay cho “ Luat khuyen mai dau tu”, “ Trung Quoc la nudc dau tu nhieu nhat vao Lao vdi ” thay cho “ Lao nhan vien trg ldn nhat tir Trung Quoc, vdi ” ( Tr.27)

- Tieu de chuong II nen sira thanh “Thuc trang thu hut dau tu true tiep cua Viet Nam vao Lao giai doan 2015-2019”

- Ra soat lai so lieu d cac bang 2.1 va 2.3/2.4 mau thuan nhau.

- Ve cac giai phap can xem cac kien nghi.

- Ra soat, chinh sira loi chinh ta, loi ky thuat, bo sung danh muc tai lieu tham khao

5 Danh gia chung ve luan van:

Tuy con mot so han che nhat dinh, luan van: “Tang cudng thu hut dau tu-

nhung yeu cau co ban cua mot luan van thac si quan tri kinh doanh quoc te Noi dung va hinh thirc luan van chung to hoc vien cao hoc Koveexay Vangxongxay tuong doi am hieu phuong phap nghien ciru khoa hoc, nam duoc co so ly luan

va thuc tien cua de tai nghien ciru, cd thai do nghien cuu khoa hoc kha nghiem tuc Luan van sau khi duoc chinh sira va hoan thien cd the dung lam tai lieu tham khao cho cac co so dao tao va cac co quan chuc nang cua CHDCND Lao

Ha Noi, ngay 02 thang 11 nam 2020

NGU’CT NHAN XET

TS.Ngo Cong Thanh

Ngay 01 thang 11 nam 2020

(Dung cho nguai phan bien)

- DS tai: “Tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam

i

- Tac gia: Koveexay Vangxongxay

- Chuyen nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh

- Nguai nhan xet: TS Dang Thu Huang

- Dan vi: Vien Thuang Mai va Kinh te Quoc te, Truang Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan

NHAN XET

Hoat dong dau tu true tiep ra nuac ngoai la mot hudng di tich cue nham ma rong thi truang va hap tac doi vdi cac nha dau tu Viet Nam Nhung nam qua, cac du an ddu

tu true tiSp ra nuac ngoai cua doanh nghiep Viet Nam tuy v6n khong Ion nhung budc dau da dem lai nhung hieu qua nhat dinh, trong do co Lao, mot quoc gia co chung dudng bien giai, co cac vung kinh t£ cua khau va dong thdi co moi quan he huu nghi dat biet lau dai vai Viet Nam Cho tod nay; dau tu cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam vao Lao co

413 du an vai tong von 4,22 ty USD, dung thu 3 trong so cac qudc gia va vung lanh thd dau tu vao Lao Phan Ion cac du an nay dugc dau tu trong linh vuc nong nghiep, cong nghiep va thu cong nghiep, khoang san va cac nganh dich vu khac Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh hap tac, da so doanh nghiep con ba nga trade cac van dS nhu phap luat nudc sd tai, phong tuc, tap quan, van hoa cua ngudi dan ban dia .nen mot sd du an ddu tu da khong dat dugc hieu qua v§ kinh td nhu ky vong Vi vay, dS cd ca sd dS xudt cac bien phap thao

go vudng mdc trong qua trinh ddu tu true tiSp cua Viet Nam sang Lao, viec nghien cuu

di tai “ Tang cudng thu hutt dau tir true tiep nude ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND

1

- O phdn ma dau: Ddi tuqng, pham vi nghien cuu, muc tieu va phuong phap nghien cuu cua luan van duqc trinh bay ro rang va phu hop vdi chuyen nganh.

- Chuang 1: Trong chuang nay tac gia da trinh bay cac khai niem, dac didm, hinh thuc va vai tro cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai; va ly luan chung ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai Dac biet tac gia da phan tich va lam ro duqc cac nhan to chu yeu anh hudng ddn ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai nhu moi trudng tu nhien, kinh td xa hoi, moi trudng phap ly, ha tang co sd Nhin chung, cac van de ly luan duqc tac gia trinh bay la phu hqp vdi muc tieu de tai

chinh ve thuc trang dau tu va thu hut dau tu cua Viet Nam vao Lao Cac so lieu ve co cau linh vuc dau tu, dia ban dau tu, nganh dau tu da duqc tac gia cap nhat den 2019 vaphan tich sau Ngoai ra tac gia cung daphan tich nhung thanh cong va dac biet phan tich

Nam nhu: chinh sach uu dai thud, van de qui hoach dat dai, cac thu tuc hanh chinh, qui trinh xin dau tu, cong tac xue tien dau tu, ha tang ca sd .dong thdi phan tich duqc cac nguyen nhan cua han che Day la nhung can cu quan trong de de xuat cac giai phap dchuang 3

den thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua Viet Nam vao Lao va dinh hudng thu hut dau tu den nam 2025 va tam nhin 2030, ddng thdi dd xu£t duqc 03 nhom giai phap: (i) Giai phap hoan thien hoat dong xue tidn dau tu; (ii) Giai phap hoan thien khung luat phap

va chinh sach; (iii) Giai phap hoan thien thu tuc hanh chinh thu hut ddu tu true tidp nude ngoai cua Viet Nam vao Lao Ve ca ban cac giai phap ma tac gia dd xudt la cd can cu, chi tiet, ro rang va co tinh logic •

Ngoai nhung kdt qua duqc, tac gia cd the tham khao,bd sung mot sd noi dung sau:

- d muc 5.3, trang 4 (phem xu ly sd lieu) nen bo vi luan van khong thuc hien khao sat

- Didu chinh lai ten chuang 1 trung vdi ten chuang d phin kdt cSu dd tai

- Khai niem vd thu hut vdn dau tu true tidp nude ngoai, (trang 15) nen trich

2

- 2.3.2.1 (trang 40) lam ro nhung noi dung lien quan den luat dau tu nuac ngoai

Vi du: Co nhung Luat nao lien quan ddn thu hut dau tu ? Luat sua ddi nam nao? Cac

Nghi dinh, quydt dinh lien quan la gi ?

- Chuang 3: Muc 3.1. nen chia ra la boi canh trong nuac va bdi canh qudc te dd

lam ro han cac tac dong cua no den thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam

vao Lao Phan boi canh quoc te can viet sat han vdi thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai

viet chung chung)

Muc 3.3.2.1 (trang 77) Lao se thu hut duqc hon 50 du an vdi tong von dang ky

dat 1.5 ty USD, binh quan moi nam thu hut duqc 10 du an hoac la 250,000,000 USD

I

Can cu vao dau de dua ra muc tieu nay ?

Muc 3.4.2 Can neu them giai phap ve xuc tien dau tu nhu: Tang cudng td chuc

cac hoi thao chia se kinh nghiem dau tu giua 2 nudc; each thuc quang ba diu tu, to chuc

cac doan tham quan hoc hoi ca hqidau tu ; ddng thdi chuyen muc 3.4.2.2 trang 80)

- Muc 3.4.2.1, trang 79 can xem lai kien nghi ve luat dau tu chung vi Lao da gia

nhap WTO tir nam 2013 thi phai cd Luat dau tu chung rdi

Muc 3.4.2.2 Muc nay nen chuydn vao muc xuc tidn dau tu

Luan van con nhidu loi chinh ta, loi ky thuat Vi du trang 41 cd ghi “CHDCND

Lao da ban hanh luat Khuyen Mai” ; Muc C trang 45 vd chinh sach hd trq ddu tu: xem

lai cum tir: Uu dai thong tin; Cac uu dai ho trq (nen thay bang ten khac) hoac muc 1.1.1.3

xem va sira lai cau “bai rac thai khoa hoc cong nghe”

ximg dang duqc nhan hoc vi thac si sau khi hoan chinh cac gop y cua Hoi ddng danh gia

Cau hoi

Rao can ldn nhdt trong vide thu hut ddu tu true tidp nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao

Lao la gi? Giai phap nao de vuqt qua rao can do?

Ngiroi nhan xet

3

DANH MUC IL VIET TAT

DANH MUC BANG

DANH MUC BIEU DO

TOM TAT LUAN • VAN

LCH MO DAU 1

1 TINH CAP THIET CUA DE TAI 1

2 TONG QUAN NGHIEN CUD LIEN QUAN DEN DE TAI 2

3 MUC TIEU NGHIEN CU*U DE TAI 3

4 DOI TUQNG VA PHAM VI NGHIEN CU*U 4

5 PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CU*U 4

6 KET CAU LUAN VAN 5

CHlTONG 1 CO SO LY LUAN VE DAU TlT TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI 6

1.1 Ly luan chung ve dau tu* true tiep nudc ngoai 6

1.1.1 Khai ni£m va vai tro dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai 6

1.1.2 Nhung dac diem chinh cua dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai 8

1.1.3 Cac loai hinh dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai 9

1.1.4 Cac ly thuyet co ban ve dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai 11

1.2 Ly luan chung ve thu hut dau tu* true tiep nudc ngoai 15

1.2.1 Quan ni?m ve thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai 15

1.2.2 NQi dung thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai 15

1.2.3 Lyi ich cua viec thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai 17

1.3 Cac nhan to anh hudng den viec thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai 18

1.3.1 Moi trudng ty nhien 18

1.3.2 Moi trudng chinh tri - xa hoi 18

1.3.3 Moi trudng the che 19

1.3.4 Ket cau ha tang ky thuat va xa hpi 20

1.3.5 Nguon nhan lyc 21

2.1 Khat quat ve nhan to anh hirong den thu hut dau tir true tiep nudc ngoai

cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 23

2.1.1 Moi truang tu nhien 23

2.1.2 Moi tnrong chinh tri 23

2.1.3 Moi truang the che 24

2.1.4 Moi truang kinh te 25

2.2 Thuc trang dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 26

2.2.1 Ve quy mo dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 26

2.2.2 Co cau dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao theo nganh 29

2.2.3 Co cau dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao theo vung kinh te 30

2.2.4 Co cau dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao theo hinh thuc dau tu 33

2.3 Thuc trang thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 35

2.3.1 Hoat ddng xuc tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua CHDCND Lao 35

2.3.2 Khung luat phap va chinh sach thu hut dau tu tore tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 41

2.3.3 Thu tuc hanh chinh trong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua CHDCND Lao 47

2.4 Danh gia thuc trang thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 53

2.4.1 Nhung thanh cong dat dupe trong thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 53

2.4.2 Nhung han che va nguyen nhan trong thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 54

CHUONG 3 PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP TANG CUONG THU HUT DAU TU * TRUC TIEP NU6c NGOAI CUA VIET NAM SANG CHDCND LAO 62

3.1 Boi canh quoc te tac dong tdi dau tu true tiep cua Viet Nam sang CHDCND Lao 62

3.1.1 Hiep dinh dau tu toan dien ASEAN (ACIA) 62

3.1.2 Hiep dinh ve Khuyen khich va Bao hd Dau tu giua Viet Nam va Lao 64

3.3 Dinh hudng va muc tieu thu hut dau tu * tryc tiep nuffc ngoai cua Viet Nam

vao CHDCND Lao 74

3.3.1 Dinh hudng thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua Vi et Nam vao CHDCND Lao 74 3.3.2 M uc t i eu thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua V i et Nam vao CHDCND Lao 78

3.4 Cac nhom g i ai phap nham tang cudng thu hut dau tu tryc tiep cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND La o ’ " 79

3.4.1 Giai phaphoan t h ie nhoa t dong xuc ; ti endau t u t rue ti epnudc ngoai cua

CHDCND Lao 79 3.4.2 Giai phap hoan t hi en khung luat phap va ehinh saeh thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua CHDCND La o 80 3.4.3 Giai phap hoan thien thu tue hanh ehinh thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua CHDCND La o 84

KET LUAN 87 TAI LIEU THAM KH AO i 88

CCMM Uy ban xue tien dau tu va quan ly d cap trung uong

DANH MVC BANG

Bang 2.1: Hoat dQng cua mot so nudc dau tu tieu bieu tai CHDCND Lao 26

Bang 2.2: So du an va von dau tu cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 27

Bang 2.3: Von dau tu cua Viet Nam sang CHDCND Lao phan theo nganh 29

Bang 2.4: so du an va von dau tu tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao theo vung kinh te giai doan 2015-2019 30

Bang 2.5: Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao CHDCND Lao theo hinh thuc dau tu 33

Bang 2.6: Dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao theo hinh thuc dau tu giai doan 2015-2019 34

DANH MVC BIEU DO Bieu do 2.1: Bieu do GDP va toe do tang trudng GDP 25

Bieu do 2.2: So du an va von dau tu cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 28

Bieu do 2.3: Ty trong von dau tu cua Viet Nam/Tong FDI vao CHDCND Lao 30

Bieu do 2.4: Co cau dy an dau tu cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 31

Bieu do 2.5: Co cau dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao 34

KOVEEXAY VANGXONGXAY

TANG CTJONG THU HUT DAU TU * TRIG TIEP

N I OC NGOAI CUA VIET NAM VAO CONG HOA • •

DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO

CHUYEN NGANH : QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE

TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SI• •

Ha Noi, nam 2020

TOM TAT LUAN VAN

Trong thdi dai ngay nay, xu hudng hqi nhdp kinh te khu vyc va toan cau hoa dang dien ra manh me va khoc lidt Do la sy luan chuyen von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai co von dau tu sang cac quoc gia can von dau tu, hoac gpi la (Foreign Direct Investment - FDI) Cac nudc dang phat trien luan co nhu cau rat ldn ve von dau tu, cong nghd va ky thuat tien tien , do vay FDI co vai tro rat quan trong doi vdi cac dang phat trien Chinh vi vdy FDI da trd thanh mQt phan quan trong trong phat trien khoa h<jc va cong nghd, nhat la d cac nudc dang phat trien cac nudc dang phat trien hi$n nay thudng phai canh tranh vdi nhau de thu hut toi da nguon von FDI Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao (CHDCND Lao) da va dang co nhung hoat ddng tich cue ve dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai Vide thu hut da dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai la mot trong nhung chinh sach hang dau cua Dang nhan dan each mang Lao va nudc CHDCND Lao

Trong chuomg thu nhat, Tac gia lam ro cac ly luan chung ve dau tu tryc tiep nyde ngoai nhy khai nidm, ban chat, y nghia, dac diem, cac loai hinh cua dau tu tryc tiep nyde ngoai, cac ly thuyet co ban ve dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai va cac ly luan chung ve thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai Ndi dung chinh cua thu hut dau

tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai bao gom:

Thu nhat, hoat ddng xiic tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai. Xuc tien dau tu la hoat ddng quang ba hinh anh mdt quoc gia, mQt dia phuang hay mQt khu kinh te, de mQi doi tac quan tarn den van de dau tu co dieu kidn tim hieu ky ve co che chinh sach uu dai dau tu, ve nhu cau dau tu, ve dieu kidn ket cau ha tang, ve nguon nhan luc, ve thi truang tieu thy va cac van de cd lien quan khac Do la nhung ndi dung

ma cac nha dau tu nghien cuu lam ca sd cho vide quyet dinh dau tu Xuc tien dau tu

la mQt trong nhung chien luyc quan trong cua mqi quoc gia trong qua trinh phat trien

Thu hai, khung luat phap va chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai

cua nudc nhan dau tu Luat phap thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua nudc nhan

dau tu nham tao dieu kien thuan led nhat cho nudc dau tu hoat dong tren lanh tho cua nudc nhan dau tu Khung chinh sach ve FDI cua nudc nhan dau tu bao gom cac qui dinh lien quan true tiep den FDI va cac qui dinh cd anh hudng gian tiep den FDI He thong chinh sach nay cd mem deo va hap dan thi mdi khuyen khich dau tu nudc ngoai

dau tu Thu tyc hanh chinh la nhung budc cong viqc ma nudc nhan dau tu dat ra cho nudc dau tu khi muon dau tu vao mQt nganh, mot lihh vuc tai nudc nhan dau

tu Thu tuc hanh chinh bao gom he thong quan ly va cac thu tuc dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cho cac nha dau tu

Viec thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai dem lai mot so loi ich nhu: Bo sung cho nguon von trong nudc, tiep thu cong nghe va bi quyet quan ly, tham gia mang ludi san xuat toan cau, tang so luong vice lam va dao tao nhan cong, nguon thu ngan sach ldn

Cac nhan to anh hudng den viec thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai bao gom moi trudng tu nhien, moi trudng chinh tri, moi trudng the che, ket cau ha tang ky thuat va xa h<j>i, nguon nhan luc

Trong chuong 2, sau khi dua ra khat quat ve mdi trudng anh hudng den thu hut dau tu trqc tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao va phan tich thuc trang dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Vi?t Nam vao CHDCND Lao, tac gia phan tich chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao

cac chinh sach tao moi trudng, dieu kien thuan ioi nhu co so ha tang, cung cap

thong tin can thiet, chinh sach thue, thue, iao dong, quyen su dung dat, tiep can

nguon von, tiep can tai nguyen va tiep can tai chinh Quyen su dung, hudng, thua

phu khuyen khich dau tu truc tiep nuac ngoai cho tat ca cac nuac kinh te vai mot

chinh sach de tao ra mot moi trudng thuan ioi, thuan tien nhu xay dung co so hatang, cung cap thongtin can thiet ve chinhsach, hai quan, thue, iao dong, quyen sudung dat, tiep can nguon von, su binh dangtrong cong nhan va bao ve dau tu nhu

Cac nha dau tu duoc dau tu va tien hanhsan xuat kinh doanh tren tat ca cac nganh

kinh te nhu nong nghiep, iam nghiep, cong nghiep che bien, nang luong, khai thac

khoang san, giao thong van tai, xay dung, du iich, thuong mai Tru cac iinh vuc

thien nhien, suc khoe va van hoa dan toc hoac uai vai phap iuatcuaCHDCND Lao

thanh iap theo quyet dinh cua Chinh phu Chung co the ia khu cong nghiep, khu

cong nghiep che bien de xuat khau, phat trien cong nghe va thong tin, dich vu,

thuong mai hoac du iich Hien tai, co tong cong 806 cong ty dang dau tu vao cac

khu kinh te dac biet tai Lao Nam 2019, cac dac khu kinh te ghi nhan 202 don vidau tu mai va 122 ty kip da nop vao ngan sach cua Lao, dat tong gia tri xuatkhauhon 394 trieu USD Ngoai ra, hien co 26.756 iao dong dang iam viec trong cac khu

Nam co mot dac khu kinh te duoc chinh phu nuac CHDCND Lao nang cap tu Du

trien du lich, cac nganh dich vp, vui choi giai tri cua Lao, tao dieu kien co sd ha tang tot cung vdi nhung dieu kien sinh hoat dam bao cho cac nha dau tu sinh hoat

va lam viec tren dia ban (giao thong, nha hang, khach san, vui choi, giai tri ) qua

do thu hut ngay cang nhieu nguon dau tu tu ben ngoai

vao CHDCND Lao.

He thong phap luat: CHDCND Lao da ban hanh luat Khuyen Mai dau tu; He thong luat dau tu cua CHDCND Lao the hien ro muc tieu quan trong cua Chinh phu Lao trong viec md rong moi quan he hop tac kinh te vdi nudc ngoai la hudng tdi viec thpc hien chinh sach doi mdi toan dien, trong do dac biet quan trong la linh vuc kinh te, thuc hien muc tieu chuyen doi viec quan ly, kinh te, phat huy sue manh lam chu cua ngudi dan, thong nhat chinh sach tien te, day manh cac nganh cong nghiep nang lugng,

Chinh sach Thue hai quan va uu dai thue gia tri gia tang: Cac nha dau tu dau

tu vao Lao, ngoai viec nhan thue lai von, cung se nhan dugc cac chinh sach thue va thue VAT nhu nhap khau thiet bi khong co san hoac dugc san xuat tai CHDCND Lao se dugc mien thue va thue doi vdi gia tri gia tang d muc 0 (0%), Nhap khau nguyen lieu, thiet bi va php tung dung de xuat khau bi danh thue tai thdi diem nhap khau va dugc mien thue hai quan tai thdi diem xuat khau va dugc mien thue gia tri gia tang d muc 0 (0%)

Chinh sach uu dai dau tu: CHDCND Lao quy dinh uu dai dau tu nhu sau:Uu dai theo linh vuc kinh doanh; Uu dai theo vung; Uu dai ve nhiem vp, thue, uu dai lien quan den su dpng dat va cac uu dai khac

Chinh sach ho trg dau tu: CHDCND Lao quy dinh ho trg cho cac khoan dau tu bao gom: Uu dai thong tin va cac uu dai ho trg khac

Chinh sach bao ve dau tu: Nha nudc bao ve cac quyen, lyi ich va binh dang hop phap cua tat ca cac thanh phan kinh te bao gom ca trong va ngoai nudc dau tu theo luat cua CHDCND Lao, cac hiep udc va hiep dinh ma CHDCND Lao la mot ben.

Ve thu tuc hanh chinh trong dau tu true tiep nucrc ngoai cua CHDCND Lao.

Thu tyc dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cho cac nha dau tu: CHDCND Lao da dua

ra thu tyc dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai chung cho cac nha dau tu; Khung thdi gian de xem xet va phe duyet cac ho so dau tu trong danh sach doanh nghiep du<?c kiem soat; Quy trinh nop dom xin dau tu khong co trong danh sach doanh nghiep duoc kiem soat; Thdi han dau tu cho dau tu chung

He thong quan ly: CHDCND Lao quan ly dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai bang 2 cong cy la cac to chuc quan ly dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai va dich vu mQt cua dau tu

Sau khi neu ra thyc trang, tac gia dua ra danh gia ve thyc trang do Nhung thanh cong dat duyc bao gom CHDCND Lao da dua ra rat nhieu chinh sach de thu hut va uu dai dau tu, CHDCND Lao da chu trong den phat trien dac khu kinh te lam mui nhQn cho viec thu hut von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao Nhung han che va nguyen nhan bao gom han che va nguyen nhan trong hoat dong xuc tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua CHDCND Lao, han che va nguyen nhan trong khung luat phap va chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua CHDCND Lao, han che va nguyen nhan trong thu tuc hanh chinh thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai cua CHDCND Lao

LAO

Dya theo Boi canh quoc te tac dong tdi dau tu tryc tiep cua Viet Nam sang CHDCND Lao, Chinh sach thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nudc ngoai cua CHDCND Lao, Dinh hudng va myc tieu thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao

CHDCND Lao va cac danh gia thuc trang, tac gia dua ra nhom giai phap nham tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao nhu sau:

Thu nhat, giai phap hoan thien hoat ddng xuc tien dau tu true tidp nuac ngoai cua

CHDCND Ldo.

Hoan thien cdng tac phan tich riii ro cua du an: trudc khi quyet dinh nhan von dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai tu cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam thi chinh phu Lao noi chung va cac doanh nghiep Lao noi rieng can phai tim hieu ki ho sa nang luc cua doanh nghiep do, phan tich va danh gia kha nang thuc hien va rui ro cua du an

do de tranh trudng hap bi gian doan hoac hoat ddng khong hieu qua khi hoan thanh

Hoan thien ca sor ha tang: day nhanh ket noi cac tuyen dudng giao thong chinh hai nuac va dau tu xay dung ca sa ha tang kinh te, he thong dien nude, y te tai cac vung sau, vung xa va cd each chinh sach uu dai dac biet cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam khi dau tu vao cac vung di Ui khd khan, kinh te khong phat trien

va trinh do cua ngudi dan thap Ddng thdi ho tra toi da giai quyet cac van de ve ca

sd ha tang khi doanh nghiep Viet Nam gap khd khan

Thu hai, giai phap hoan thien khung Iuat phap va chinh sach thu hut dau tu

Hoan thien he thong phap Iuat: tao dieu kien thong thoang ve phap ly cho hoat ddng dau tu theo ca nghia ban hanh va Iuat hoa nhung quy che mdi, ca dd bo, sua doi nhung quy che da to ra kem hieu luc hoac khong phu hap vdi thong le quoc te; Qua trinh hoan thien he thong phap Iuat phai dap ung duqc the che hoa chinh sach phat trien nen kinh te nhieu thanh phan, cac thanh phan kinh te phai duqc hoat dqng tren mqt khuon kho chung, binh dang; Hoan thien he thong phap ly nham tao ra lqi the canh tranh vdi cac nude trong khu vuc ASEAN de de dang thu hut vdn dau tu

, nude ngoai cua Viet Nam; Dam bao quyen lqi binh dang, khong phan biet doi xu cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cd von dau tu nude ngoai va cac doanh nghiep trong nude

Ve ca che chinh sach: Hoan thien chinh sach khuyen khich thu hut von dau tu true tiep nudc cua Viet Nam; Tao dung va cong bo mot he thong uu dai co tinh canh cao danh rieng cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam; Bo sung cac uu dai doi vdi cac du an che bien nong, lam, thuy san, dau tu vao nong thon va cac dia ban co dieu kien kinh te xa hoi kho khan, cac du an phat trien ha tang xa hoi cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam; Bo sung cac chinh sach khuyen khich cac du an giup doanh nghiep Viet Nam; Xem xet cap giay phep kinh doanh thdi han 5 nam thay vi 1 nam nhu hien nay cho cac du an nong - lam nghiep kinh doanh tot, phat trien on dinh cua doanh nghiep Viet Nam.

Ve Chinh sach dat dai: cd van ban hudng dan chung cho cac nha dau tu tai Lao, cung nhu nhung quy dinh chinh quyen cap tinh va ngudi lao dong phai thuc hien ve tranh chap dat dai; Chinh phu Lao cd quy hoach, dinh hudng phat trien dau

tu, xay dung danh muc du hi keu gpi dau tu theo hudng, cd ca che uu dai cho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai tai vung sau, vung xa, vung kho khan; Ve ket noi nong nghiep, phat huy lpi the cua Viet Nam thanh cong trong viec chuyen doi cac mo hinh cac khu nong nghiep cong nghe cao, xuat sieu trong san pham nong nghiep va cac loi the cua Lao

Ve Chinh sach thue: Xay dung chinh sach uu dai ve thue suat chuyen lqi nhuan ra ngoai doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam trong khu cong nghiep, xem xet ban hanh nhung uu dai ve thue thu nhap doanh nghiep cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam trong truang hap tai dau tu bang lqi nhuan vao cac du an thupc linh vuc khuyen khich dau tu

ngoai cua CHDCND Lao.

Quy dinh lai cac thu tuc cho nha dau tu Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao, cd giai phap manh, cu the tao dieu kien cho thuang mai phat trien Cai thien cac thu tuc dang ky doanh nghiep cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao nham

doi vdi cac hoat dong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam cho cap Bo, cap tinh, thanh pho; Thudng xuyen ra soat phan loai cac du an dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam da dupe cap giay phep dau tu; Cai each thu tuc hanh chinh trong linh vuc dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai noi chung va thu tuc hanh chinh cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam noi rieng;, Chinh phu Lao can ban hanh nhung quy dinh cu the ve trach nhiem kinh te, va trach nhiem hinh su doi vdi cac ca nhan va to chuc cd lien quan den hoat dong FDI.

KOVEEXAY VANGXONGXAY

TANG (LONG THU HUT DAU TU * TRI G TIEP NU'O'C NGOAI CUA VIET NAM VAO CONG HOA • •

DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO

CHUYEN NGANH : QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE

LUAN VAN THAC SI QUAN TRI KINH DOANH

ngloi hlong dan khoa HQC: PGS.TS BUI HUY NHUONG

Ha Noi, nam 2020

LCH MO DAU

Trong thdi dai ngay nay, xu hudng hoi nhap kinh te khu vuc va toan cau hoa dang dien ra manh me va khoc liet Do la su luan chuyen von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua quoc gia cd von dau tu sang cac quoc gia can von dau tu, hoac goi la (Foreign Direct Investment FDI) Cac nudc dang phat trien luan cd nhu cau rat ldn

ve von dau tu, cong nghe va ky thuat tien tien , do vay FDI co vai tro rat quan trong doi vdi cac dang phat trien Chinh vi vay FDI da trd thanh mot phan quan trong trong phat trien khoa hoc va cong nghe, nhat la d cac nudc dang phat trien cac nudc dang phat trien hien nay thudng phai canh tranh vdi nhau de thu hut tdi da nguon von FDI Noi chung la FDI da trd nen van de mang tarn quan trong khong chi rieng

khoa hoc, ky thuat va cong nghe cua cac nudc dang phat trien

Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao (CHDCND Lao) da va dang co nhung hoat dong tich cqc ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Viec thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai la mot trong nhung chinh sach hang dau cua Dang nhan dan each mang Lao va nudc CHDCND Lao

Chinh phu CHDCND Lao bat dau cd cac chinh sach cai each kinh te, giam tap trung khuyen khich kinh te tu nhan ke tu nam 1986 Nhd co nhung bien phap doi mdi nay ma toe doc tang trudng da dat trung binh tren 6% ke tir nam 1988 den

2018 (Trir mot so nam khung hoang tai chinh chau A) Tong san pham quoc noi (GDP) nam 2018 dat 17,954 ty USD, tang trudng GDP nam 2018 dat 6.248%, GDP binh quan dau ngudi nam 2018 dat 2.568USD/ Ngudi (theo World Bank) Mac du

cd toe do phat trien kinh te kha quan nhung co sd vat chat ha tang cua CHDCND Lao van con yeu kem, dac biet la khu vyc nong thon, he thong dudng xa con rat so khai, vien thong, dien con chua cung cap day du den cac viing sau vung xa

Kinh te Lao nhan duoc vien tro phat trien tir Quy tien te quoc te (IMF), Ngan hang phat trien Chau A (ADB) va cac nguon quoc te khac, cung nhu dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai ve phat trien xa hoi, cong nghiep thuy dien va khai md (dang chu y nhat

la dong va vang) Nam2019, VietNam dang la nuac xep thu 3 trong cacnudc dau

tu vao CHDCNDLao vdi: tongso du an la 413 du an, tong sovon la 4.22 Ty USD

dien Luang Prabang, muoi mo Kali, thuy dien Xekaman 3, hap tac cang Vung

De thuc day hap tac vatang cudng thu hut dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua cac nudc phat trien noi chung va cua Viet Nam noi rieng, CHDCND Lao phai tap

la yeu to cotloi deCHDCND Lao thuhut dau tu, tao gia tri tangthem cho nenkinh

nghien cuu “ Tang cudng thu hut dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao

CHDCND Lao” duac chQn lam de tai luan van nham giai quyet vande cap thietda

Thu hut dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai la van de duoc quan tam kha nhieu tu

trudc den nay Noi ve chude nay,da co rat nhieu cong trinh nghien cuucua cac tacgia trong va ngoai nudc, moi bai viet phan anh mot khia canh hoac mot noi dungkhacnhau Bai luan van nay dake thua va tham khao motvai cong rinhnghiencuududi day:

dau tu truc tiep nuac ngoai vao Viet Nam thai gian ta i” viet nam 2017, Truong Dai

Thye trang thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao Viet Nam giai doan 1988- 2015; Chuang 3: Mot so giai phap nham tang cudng thu hut vdn dau tu tryc tiep nude ngoai thdi gian tdi.

Bai viet cua tac gia JANVANDAM LAMPHAY “ Thu hut dau tic true tiep nude ngoai vao tinh SA VANNAKHET nude CHDCND Ldo” viet nam 2017, Trudng

tu true tiep nude ngoai, thyc trang thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nude ngoai tai tinhSavannakhet nude CHDCND Lao trong thdi gian qua va cuoi cung la giai phap thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai tinh Savannakhet nude CHDCND Lao trong thdi gian tdi

Bai viet cua tac gia VILAYVONE PHOMMACHANH “Tang cudng thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao phat trien cdng nghiep tai cac tinh mien Nam cua nude CHDCND Lad’ '' viet nam 2017, trudng Dai hpc Da Nang Bai viet da phan tich co sd ly thuyet va thyc tien ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao phat trien cdng nghiep, thuc trang thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao phat trien cdng nghiep tai cac tinh mien Nam cua nude CHDCND Lao thdi ky 1988-2015 va cac giai phap tang cudng thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao phat trien cdng nghiep tai cac tinh mien Nam cua nude CHDCND Lao

Bai luan van cua tac gia SOULIYA MAVILAY " Dau tu true tiep cua Viet

ngoai, thuc trang thu hut FDI cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao giai doan 2001-

2005 va giai phap nham tang cudng thu hut FDI cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao

Qua phan tong quan cac de tai nghien cuu d tren, nhan thay chua co bai nghien cuu nao lien quan den de tai “Tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Ldo ” trudc dd, do vay, vipc nghien cuu de tai nay la mdi va cd y nghia ly luan va thyc tien doi vdi CHDCND Lao trong viec tang cudng thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nude ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao

3.1 Muc tieu tong quat

Danh gia thuc trang va de xuat giai phap tang cuang thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao

Luan giai ca sd ly luan ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai

N$i dung thu hut dau tu tryc tiep nuac ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao

Phan tich thuc trang thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao

De xuat phuong hudng va giai phap tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao trong nhung nam tdi

Hoat dong thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao

+ Ve thdi gian: Cac tai lieu va so lieu ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao tir 2015-2019 va de xuat cac giai phap hoan thien hudng den 2025, tarn nhin 2030

De tai duac nghien cuu dua tren co sd tai lieu ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai

+ Cac Bo luat, Nghi dinh cua Quoc hoi, Chinh phu Lao ban hanh ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai

+ Cac tai lieu khoa hoc viet ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai

+ Cac website cua cac bQ, ban nganh tai nudc CHDCND Lao

5.3 Phirong phap xur ly so lieu

De thuc hien dugc muc tieu va nhiem vu nghien cuu tren, luan van su dung chu yeu la phuang phap dinh tinh va phuang phap dinh luong trong nghien cuu, ngoai ra con su dung cac phuang phap nhu:

+ Phuang phap thong ke kinh nghiern

+ Phuang phap so sanh

So lieu dugc nhap vao phan mem excel, su dung Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Power Point va Minitab de xu ly, ve bieu do, sau do se phan tich de dua ra cac ket luan

Ngoai phan ma dau, muc Ipc, phu luc bang bieu, ket luan, danh muc tai lieu tham khao, luan van dugc trinh bay gom 3 phan:

CHDCND Lao

nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam vao CHDCND Lao

CO sd LY LUAN VE DAU TU * IRIC TIEP Nl'OC NGOAI

1.1.1 Khai niem va vai tro dau tw true tiep nuffc ngoai

1.1.1.1 Khai niem dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai

Dau tu tryc tiep nude ngoai (tieng Anh: Foreign Direct Investment, viet tit

la FDI) la hinh thuc dau tu dai han cua ca nhan hay cdng ty nude nay vao nude khac bang each thiet lap co sd san xuat, kinh doanh Ca nhan hay cdng ty nude ngoai do

se nam quyen quan ly co sd san xuat kinh doanh nay

To chuc Thuong mai The gidi (WTO, 1996) dua ra dinh nghia nhu sau ve FDI: “Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (FDI) xay ra khi mQt nha dau tu tu mdt nude (nude chu dau tu) co duqc mdt tai san d mQt nude khac (nude thu hut dau tu) cung vdi quyen quan ly tai san dd Phuong dien quan ly la thu de phan biet FDI vdi cac cdng cu tai chinh khac Trong phan ldn trudng hqp, ca nha dau tu lan tai san ma ngudi do quan ly d nude ngoai la cac cor sd kinh doanh Trong nhung trudng hop

do, nha dau tu thudng hay duqc goi la "cdng ty me" va cac tai san duqc goi la "cdng

ty con" hay "chi nhanh cdng ty"”

Theo To chuc Hqp tac va Phat trien kinh te (OECD, 2006) da dinh nghia

“FDI duqc thqc hien nham thiet lap cac moi quan he lau dai vdi mqt doanh nghiep dac bi£t la nhung khoan dau tu mang l$i kha nang tao anh hudng doi vdi vide quan

ly doanh nghiep.”

Theo Uy ban Lien hqp quoc ve Thuong mai va Phat trien (UNCTAD, 1996)

da neu “FDI la mqt khoan dau tu bao gom moi quan he dai han, phan anh lqi ich va quyen kiem soat lau dai cua mqt thqc the thudng tru d mdt nen kinh te trong doanh nghiep thudng tru d mQt nen kinh te khac vdi nen kinh te cua nha dau tu nude ngoai.”

Theo khoan 11, Dieu 3, Phan 1 Iuat Khuyen khich dau tu cua CHDCND Lao sua doi nam 2016, so 14 Quoc Hoi ngay 17 thang 11 nam 2016, Dau tu nude ngoai tai CNDCND Lao quy dinh: “Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai co nghia la dua vdn vao

CHDCND Lao de hoat dong kinh doanh, nha dau tu gop von se trd thanh chu sd huu cua doanh nghiep va co quyen quan ly hoac ma rQng doanh nghiep”.

Tir cac khai niem tren, dua ra ket luan, dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai la qua trinh di chuyen von mang tinh chat dai han tu quoc gia nay sang quoc gia khac Trong do nha dau tu nuac ngoai tien hanh dau tu mQt ty le von nhat dinh va true tiep tham gia quan ly san xuat kinh doanh, nham thu duac lpi ich lau dai ve kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa - xa hQi

Khai niem ve dau tu true tiep nuac ngoai FDI rat phong phu va da dang Co nhieu khai niem khac nhau ve FDI nhung chung quy lai chung ta co the hieu: FDI

la hinh thuc ma chu dau tir nuac ngoai dau tu toan bo hay phdn du lan von dau tu cua cac du an nham danh quyen dieu hanh hoac tham gia dieu hanh cac doanh

Ve ban chat, FDI la su gap nhau ve nhu cau cua hai ben, mQt ben la nha dau

tu va ben con lai la quoc gia tiep nhan dau tu Trong do, cu the: Co su thiet lap quyen va nghia vu cua nha dau tu tai nai duac dau tu; Doi vai cac nguon von da duqc dau tu, thiet lap quyen sd huu va quyen quan ly; Kem theo quyen chuyen giao cong nghe, ky thuat cua nha nuac dau tu vdi nudc ban dia; Cd lien quan den su md rQng thi truang cua cac doanh nghiep, to chuc da quoc gia; Luon luon gan lien vdi

su phat trien cua thi truang tai chinh quoc te va thuang mai quoc te

1.1.1.3 Tac dong cua dau tu truc tiep nuac ngoai den ben nhan dau tu.

kinh doanh

phattrien san xuat kinh doanh

nuac, ma rong canh tranh thuc day san xuat

- Tang thu cho ngan sachnha nuacva phat trien

ca cau dau tu theo nganh va theo

-Co kha nang tra thanh bai rac

khai thac qua muc, tang nhanh o

pha san do cac doanh nghiep nuac

1.1.2 Nhung dac diem chinh cua dau tu truc tiep nuac ngoai

tu

hoac vonphap dinh de gianh quyen dieuhanhhaythamgia dieu hanh doanh nghiep

nhandautu

- Thu nhap ma chu dau tu thu duoc phu thuoc vao ket quakinh doanh cua

- Thong qua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai, nude sd tai co the tiep nhan duqc

ca von vaycua doanh nghiep de rien khai hoac md rong du an cung nhu von dau tu

tu nguon lqi nhuan thu duqc

1.1.3 C ac l oai h i n n d dutiT t r ue ti ep n utfc n goai

Cd nhieu each de phan loai FDItuythuocvao cancu phan loai sau day:

a Theo chieu dau tw co FDI theo chieu doc (Horizontal FDI) va theo chieu ngang (Vertical FDI)

+ FDItheo chieu dqe (Horizontal FDI) la dau tu vao nganh, sanphamco lien

dauvao,tieuthu sanpham cua doanhnghiep trong nude

+ FDI theo chieu ngang (Vertical FDI) la thuc hien dau tu cung nganh cong

b Theo tinh chat cua hoat dong dau tw co dau tw mci; mua Oai va scp nhap (M&A)

+ Dau tu mdi (Greefileld invesstment) tuc la xay dung nha may mdi hoac

9 A , A -J A 9 A 9 5 Z 9 • A r

san cua doanh nghiep d nude ngoai

c Theo muc tieu cua viec dau tw co dau tw tim kiem ngudn Occ hay thi trwon g, hieu qua hay tai san chiPn Owoc

+ FDInhamtim kiemnguonluc (Resourceseeking) ladautudecoduqcday

cacnguon luc nay khan hiem hoacd nudc ehunha khong co

+ FDI nham tim kiem thi trudng (Market seeking) la hoat dong dau tu nham

+ FDI nham tim kiem hieu qua (Efficiency seeking) la dau tu nham tangcudng hieu quabangvice tan dung loi the cua tinh kinh te theo quy mo hay pham vihoac ca hai.

thdi diem hien tai nhung van phai tim cach de bao ve no khong roi vao tay cac doithu canhuanh

d Theo hinh thuc phap ly cua viec dau tu co

von, cung kinh doanh, cung quan ly va cung phan phoi ket qua kinh doanh nham

phu hopvdi khuonkho luat phapcua nudc sd tai

do nha DTNN truc tiep quan ly va chiu trach nhiem hoan toan ve ket qua kinh

+ Hop dong hop tac kinhdoanh (goi tit la hop dong BCC) la hinhthuc dau

phan chia loi nhuan, phan chia san pham makhon, thanh lapphap nhan

e Theo dieu 26 , chuo rn g I , Phan HI, Luat khuyen khich dau tu do quoc hoi CHDCND Lao ban hanh ngay 17 thang 11 nam 2016 , hoat dong dau tu bao gom cac hinh thuc sau day:

Hoat dong dau tu 100% von cua nha dau tutrong hoac ngoai nudc ladautu

Lien doanh giua cac nha dau tutrong va ngoai nudc la sudautuchung giua

cac nha dau tu trong nudc va nudc ngoai hoat dong kinh doanh, chia se quyen sd

huu va thanh lap mot phap nhan mdi theo luat phap cua Lao To chuc, hoat dong,

lien doanh va trong Dieu le hoi cua phap nhan duoc thanh lap mdi Cac nha dau tu

phap nhantrong va ngoai nudc bao gomca cacben cong va tu thong qua hop dong

nhat dinhma khong can thiet lapmot phap nhan mdi hoac van phong chi nhanh tai

Lien doanh giua doanh nghiep nha nudc va doanh nghiep tu nhan la su hop

quan ly, quyen va nghia vp cua nha dau tu uong quan he doi tac do duoc quy dinh

trong van ban quypham phap luat rieng

1.1.4 C ac l y t huye t c tf ban ve dau ti tr ue tiep me t r e n goai

Trong may thap ky qua, dong FDI tren the gidi da khong ngdng tang len

thanh vaanh hudng cuadau tutruc tiep nudc ngoaiden nenkinh tethe gidi, nhat la

cac nuac dang phat trien Nhung ly thuyet nay da anh hudng quan trong den vice hoach dinh chinh sach dau tir true tiep nudc ngoai cua cac nudc dau tu cung nhu cac nudc nhan dau tu Co nhieu ly thuyet khac nhau neu len nhung quan diem, ly luan ve di chuyen von quoc te, trong do cac ly thuyet tieu bieu duqc ke den la: Ly thuyet lqi ich can bien, ly thuyet ve chu ky song quoc te cua san pham, ly thuyet ve quyen luc thi trudng, ly thuyet chiet trung, ly thuyet ve phan tan rui ro, lai the so sanh nhung chung ta co the chia lam 2 nhom ly thuyet chu yeu.

Cac ly thuyet nay giai thich va du doan hien tuang dau tu nudc ngoai dua tren nguyen tac lqri the so sanh cua cac yeu to dau tu: von, lao dong, cong nghe giua cac nudc trong do dac biet la giua cac nudc phat trien va cac nudc dang phat trien

Richard S.EcKaus da dua tren mo hinh ly thuyet thuang mai quoc te cua Heckcher - Ohlin - Sammuelson (HOS) de dua ra cac nhan dinh ve nguyen nhan lam xuat hien di chuyen ddng von dau tu quoc te la do co su chenh lech hieu qua su dung von giua cac nudc

Cung vdi ly thuyet tren, mo hinh ly thuyet cua Mocdougall - Kemp cung da khang dinh nguyen nhan hinh thanh dau tu nudc ngoai la do co su chenh lech ve nang suat can bien cua von giua cac nudc Thong thudng, nang suat can bien cua von d nhung nudc phat trien (nai du thira von dau tu) co nang suat can bien cua von thap han nang suat can bien cua von d nhung nudc dang phat trien (nai thieu von),

do do xuat hien cua ddng von di chuyen tir nai cd nang suat can bien thap den nai

cd nang suat can cao

K.kojima, tren ca sd nguyen tac lai the so sanh cua mo hinh HOS de phat trien len va cho rang nguyen nhan hinh thanh dau tu nudc ngoai la do sy chenh lech

ve ty suat lpi nhuan giua cac nudc va su chenh lech nay bat nguon tir su khac biet

ve lai the so sanh trong phan cong lao ddng quoc te

Nhu vay, cac ly thuyet tren day da giai thich su xuat hien cua dau tu nudc ngoai ve thuc chat deu dua tren nguyen tic lqi the so sanh trong phan cong lao dong quoc te Song cac ly thuyet nay cung chi mdi giai thich duqc dieu kien can de xuat

hien ddng di chuyen von dau tu giua cac nuac Tren thuc te, con co cac nguyen nhan rat quan trong khac nua duqc coi nhu dieu kien du nhung cac ly thuyet nay chua de cap den, do la moi trudng dau tu cua nudc nhan dau tu, mqt van de ma hien nay cac nha dau tu dac biet quan tarn.

Nhom ly thuyet nay hau het deu tim each giai thich cau hoi: Tai sao cac cong

ty lai dau tu ra nuuc ngoai? Nguyen nhan hinh thanh cac cong ty xuyen quoc gia va tac dong cua chung doi vdi nhung nudc nhan dau tu, dac biet la cac nudc dang phat trien?

a Ly thuyet ve chu ky song quoc te cua san pham

Ly thuyet nay duqc xay dung dua tren co sd ly thuyet ve chu ky song cua san pham, de cap tdi quy Iuat phat trien cua chu ky tuoi tho san pham Ly thuyet gia dinh rang, dau tien cac nha san xuat dat duqc lqi the dqc quyen xuat khau nhd viec cho ra doi nhung san pham mdi hoac cai tien nhung san pham dang duqc danh rieng cho thi trudng nudc ngoai Trong giai doan dau cua vong doi san pham mdi, giai doan thu nghiem san xuat duqc tien hanh tap trung tai chinh quoc ngay ca khi chi phi san xuat d nudc ngoai cd the thap han 0 giai doan nay, de tham nhap thi trudng nudc ngoai, cac cdng ty cd the thyc hien xuat khau san pham Tuy nhien, khi san pham da trd nen chuan hoa trong giai doan phat trien, cac nha san xuat se khuyen khich viec thyc hien dau tu ra nudc ngoai nham lqi dung chi phi san xuat thap

Ly thuyet nay phat bieu rang, cac cdng ty se thuc hien dau tu ra nudc ngoai khi hqi ty du ba lqi the Do la lqi the ve dia diem, lqi the ve sd huu va lqi the ve nqi hoa Lqi the ve dia diem la lqi the co duqc do viec hoat ddng kinh doanh tai mQt dia diem nhat dinh vdi nhung dac thu rieng, nd cd the gan lien vdi su giau cd cua nguon tai nguyen thien nhien, sy san co cua nguon lao ddng vdi gia re va lanh nghe Lqi the ve sd huu la lqi the co duqc khi co ca hqi tham gia sd huu mot sd tai san dac biet nhat dinh nhu nhan hieu san pham, ban quyen cdng nghe hoac ca hqi quan ly