Nâng cao chất lượng quản trị nguồn nhân lực tại công ty truyền tải điện 1, tổng công ty điện lực việt nam

Phuong phap nghien cUu Luan van su dung phuong phap phan tich he thong, phuong phap phan tich so sanh ket hop phan tich dinh tinh, dinh lupng de lam sang to cac quan diem ve cac giai pha

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN HA NOI

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Lull Blnh Cong

NANG CAO CHAT LUONG QUAN TRI NGUON NHAN LUC TAI CONG TY TRUYEN TAI BIEN 1, TONG CONG

TY BIEN LUC VIET NAM

Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh

Chuyen nganh : Quan tri kinh doanh tong hop

Ngtroi htrdng d;ln : TS Tran Viet Lam

Ha noi, nam 2003

Liru Binh C6ng I Lu£n van Thac sy QTKD

1.1.2. Muc tieu va vai tro cua quan tri nguon nhan luc 5 1.2 Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua quan tri nguon nhan

lire trong doanh nghiep

6

1.2.2. Cong tac duy tri va su dung nguon nhan luc 21 1.2.3. Cong tac dao tao va phat trien nguon nhan luc 31

i.3.1. Danh gia ket qua quan tri nguon nhan luc 42 1.3.2. Dinh luqng danh gia muc do chuyen nghiep trong

hoat dong cua bo phan quan tri nguon nhan luc

42

Chuong 2 Thue trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai

Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

2.1.2. Hoat dong san xua't kinh doanh cua Cong ty Truyen

tai dien 1 trong nhung nam gdn day

46

2.2 Nhurng nhan to chu yeu anh hudng den quan tri

nguon nhan lire tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

47

2.3 Nhung quan diem chi dao cong tac quan tri nguon

nhan luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

57

2.4 Thue trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan lire tai

Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

2.5 Danh gia chat luqng cong tac quan tri nguon nhan

luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

88

2.5.1. Danh gia theo quan diem chi dao cong tac quan tri

nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty

Luu Binh Cong II Lu&n van Thac sy QTKD

3.1 Muc tieu chien lucre phat trien nganh dien den

nam 2020

93

3.2 Nhurng quan diem dinh hudng nham nang cao chat

lucrng cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong

94

- ty Truyen tai dien 1 giai doan 2002-2010

3.3 Mot so giai phap nham nang cao chat luqng quan

tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

96

3.4 Mot so kien nghi nham hoan thien cong tac quan

tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

126

Lun Binh Cong III Lu&n van Thac sy QTKD

DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, SO DO

Bang 2.5 Thong ke so lao dong hien co tai cac tram bien ap

nam 2002

63

1998 den nam 2002

77

Bang 2.9 Danh gia chat lupng cong nhan van hanh tram bien

90

Bang 2.12 Thong ke nang suat lao dong tai Cong ty Truydn tai

dien 1 theo khoi lupng quan ly nam 1998-2002

90

Bang 3.1

Cac edng trinh dien du kien xay dung giai doan 2003-2010 va du bao nhu cau lao dong cua Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

103

So do 2.1 Day chuyen san xua't kinh doanh dien 48

So do 2.2 To chuc bo may Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1 53

So do 2.3 To chuc bo may cac Truyen tai dien true thuoc 55

Lu£n van thac sy QTKD 1 Liru Binh Cong

1 Sir can thiet cua viec nghien cuu de tai

Cong ty truyen tai dien 1 la don vi thanh vien cua Tong cong ty Dien luc Viet Nam (EVN) Chuc nang chu yeu cua cong ty la quan ly van hanh va sua chua ludi dien cao ap 220 kv-500 kv (ludi truyen tai dien) tren toan bo mi6n Bdc tir Deo Ngang trd ra Cung vdi su ldn manh cua nganh dien, dia ban quan ly cua cong ty Truyen tai dien 1 ngay cang phat trien trai dai, vuon rong ra khdp cac tinh mien BSc Su gia tang khong ngiTng cua lucri truyen tai dien cung vdi viec ap dung nhung cong nghe tien tien trong linh vuc truyen tai dien nang, doi hoi phai co

su thay doi toan dien trong quan tri nguon nhan luc de dap ung dupe yeu cau nhiem vu trong tinh hinh mdi Doi hoi ve so luqng va chat luqng nguon nhan luc ngay cang cao tuong xirng vdi nhiem vu va trinh

do cong nghe la mot ap luc doi vdi cac nha quan tri cua cong ty Truy&n tai dien 1.Mac du vay, cho den nay linh vuc quan tri nguon nhan luc d cong

ty Truydn tai dien 1 van chua cd su thay doi nhieu de theo kip vdi su thay doi cua nhiem vu trong thdi ky mdi Su bien dong manh me cua moi trudng kinh doanh, xu hudng toan cau hoa, hoi nhap nen kinh te khu vuc va the gidi da cho thay trudc mot nguy co "chay mau chat xam" tir cac doanh nghiep nha nude VI vay, viec phan tfch, nghien ctru thuc trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai cong ty Truyen tai dien 1 de’ tir do de ra duqc cac giai phap nh^m nang cao chat luqng cho hoat dong nay la mot cong viec het sire can thiet Dieu do da noi nen tinh cap thiet cua de tai

2 Muc dich nghien cuu cua de tai

Trinh bay mot each cd he thong nhung ly lu^n co ban ve quan tri nguon nhan luc Phan tfch danh gia thuc trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai cong ty Truyen tai dien, tren co so nhung ly luan co ban ve quan tri nguon nhan luc, luan van dua ra mot so giai phap chu yeu nhSm nang cao chat luqng

Lu&n van thac sv OTKD 2 Luu Binh Congquan tri nguon nhan luc d cong ty Truyen tai dien 1, dap ung dupc yeu c^u san xuat kinh doanh trong giai doan moi.

3 Doi tupng va pham vi nghien cuu cua de tai

ty Truyen tai dien 1

Pham vi nghien cuu gidi han trong hoat dong cua cong ty Truyen tai dienl thdi ky th nam 1995 den nay

4 Phuong phap nghien cUu

Luan van su dung phuong phap phan tich he thong, phuong phap phan tich so sanh ket hop phan tich dinh tinh, dinh lupng de lam sang to cac quan diem ve cac giai phap nham nang cao chat lupng quan tri nguon nhan luc cua cong ty Truyen tai dien 1, dap ung yeu cau san xuat, kinh doanh trong giai doan mdi

5 Nh&ng dong gop cua luan van

loi nhat cua ly thuygt quan tri nguon nhan luc, trinh bay theo mot trat tu lo-gic

Thu hai, luan van da van dung ly luan mot cach linh hoat vao phan tich thuc trang quan tri nguon nhan luc cua mot doanh nghiep cu

Truyen tai dien 1

6 Ket cau cua luan van

Ngoai ldi noi dau va ket luan, noi dung luan van dupc trinh bay trong 3 chuong

Ch i tang 1: Ly luan chung ve quan tri nguon nhan luc

Chuang 2: Thuc trang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc tai Cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

Chuang 3: Mot so giai phap nham nang cao chat luang cong tac quan tri nguon nhan luc a cong ty Truyen tai dien 1

LuAn van thac sy QTKD _ 3 Luu Binh Cong

1

LY LUAN CHUNG VE QUAN TRI NGUON NHAN LUC

1.1 Nguon nhan luc va quan tri nguon nhan luc

1.1.1 Khai niem cor ban

1.1.1.1 Ngudn nhan lire

Nguon nhan luc cua mot to chuc bao gom tat ca nhung ngudi lao dong lam viec cho to chuc do Nguon nhan luc cua mot to chuc hinh thanh tren co so cac ca nhan cd vai tro khac nhau va duqc lien ket vdi nhau theo nhung muc tieu nhat dinh 6 doanh nghiep, nhan luc la tai san dau tien, la tai nguyen dat gia va quy bau nhat va thong thudng la mot lpi the canh tranh mang tinh quyet dinh

He thong san xua't, kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep bao gom cac yeu

to ddu vao : nguyen vat lieu, lao dong, thiet bi, ky nang quan ly; qua mot qua trinh san xua't, kinh doanh bien doi thanh dau ra la hang hoa, dich vu Yeu to con ngudi co anh hudng quyet dinh den trinh do quan ly

va trinh do su dung cac yeu to' kinh doanh; con ngudi la yeu to' nang dong nha't, tfch cue nha't cua moi qua trinh san xua't kinh doanh Con ngudi trd thanh mot nguon luc quan trong nha't cua doanh nghiep, ben canh cac nguon luc khac la tai chfnh, cong nghe

1.1.1.2 Quan tri nguon nhan luc

Quan tri nguon nhan luc la qua trinh sang tao va sir dung tong the cac cong cu, phuong tien, phuong phap va giai phap khai thac hop ly va

cd hieu qua nha't nang luc, so trudng cua ngudi lao dong nham dam bao thuc hien cac muc tieu cua doanh nghiep va tirng ngudi lao dong trong doanh nghiep

Thuc cha't cua quan tri ngudn nhan luc la quan tri con ngudi trong pham vi to chuc, la su do'i xu cua to chlic do'i vdi ngudi lao dong

Nguon nhan luc khac vdi cac ngudn luc khac cua doanh nghiep do chfnh ban cha't cua con ngudi Nhan vien cd cac nang luc, dac didm ca nhan khac nhau, cd tiem nang phat trien, cd kha nang hinh thanh cac

Luan van thac sy QTKD 4 Luu Binh Congnhom hoi, cac to chuc cong doan de bao ve quydn lqi cua ho, cd the danh gia va dat cau hoi doi vdi hoat dong cua cac quan tri gia, hanh vi cua ho cd the thay doi phu thuoc vao chinh ban than ho hoac su tac dong cua moi trudng xung quanh Do do, quan tri nguon nhan luc kho khan va phdc tap hon nhidu so vdi quan tri cac yeu to khac cua qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh.

Quan tri con ngudi trong pham vi cac to chuc, cac doanh nghiep da duqc phat tnen theo ba each tiep can chu yeu, do la quan tri tren co so khoa hoc, quan tri theo cac mdi quan he cua con ngudi va quan tri nguon nhan luc Quan tri tren co so khoa hoc (hay quan tri lao dong) coi trong viec kiem tra, kiem soat, hudng dan cong viec chat che va cac khuyen khich ve kinh te (tien luong, tidn thudng) de nang cao nang sua't lao dong; giai phong cong nhan khdi chdc nang quan ly; cong nhan chi

la ngudi thuc hien cac cong viec va nhat thiet phai hoan thanh cong viec trong pham vi trach nhiem Quan tri tren co so khoa hoc the hien mot triet ly coi thudng, ha thap con ngudi, coi con ngudi ngang vdi may moc, thiet bi va cac yeu to khac cua qua trinh san xuat

Quan tri theo cac mdi quan he con ngudi (1930-1940) quan tarn tdi cac yeu to tarn ly xa hoi cua ngudi lao dong, chu truong tac dong tdi hanh vi cua con ngudi thong qua nhan dao hoa cong viec nhu didu kien

ve sinh lao dong, do dai thdi gian lam viec, chu ky nghi ngoi, su thoai mai cua cong nhan noi lam viec, anh hudng cua tap the cung nhu phong each lanh dao da tac dong manh me den tinh cam, nhiet tinh cua ngudi lao dong va la nguon goc nang cao hieu qua lam viec Quan tri theo cac mdi quan he con ngudi the hien mot triet ly dd cao con ngudi, dat nen mong cho cac ly thuyet quan tri hien dai Tuy nhien, nd chi dat duqc hieu qua ra't han che trong viec nang cao nang suat lao dong do don gian hoa hanh vi con ngudi, khong quan tarn den su khac biet cua cac ca nhan, khong danh gia duqc yeu cau cong viec, khong chu y den cac thu

Luan van thac sy QTKD 5 Luu Binh Congtuc, tieu chudn mau va cac quy che lam viec nham hudng dan cong nhan dat duqc muc tieu cua to chtrc.

Quan tri nguon nhan luc (bat dau tit 1970) chu truong phat trien va sir dung cac tidm nang cua ca nhan thong qua viec tao ra moi trudng lao dong thuan lqi cho con ngudi Con ngudi khong con don thuan chi la mot yeu to cua qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh ma la mot tai san quy bau cua to chuc , doanh nghiep Cac doanh nghiep chuyen tur tinh trang tiet kiem chi phi lao dong de giam gia thanh sang dau tu vao nguon nhan luc de co lqi the canh tranh cao hon, lqi nhuan cao hon va hieu qua cao hon Chi phi cho giao due, dao tao, cham lo cho sure khoe nhan vien duqc xem nhu mot hinh there dau tu Quan tri nguon nhan luc the hien mot triet ly hien dai, ton trong va danh gia cao vai trd cua con ngudi trong cac to chuc

1.1.2.Muc tieu va vai trd cua quan tri nguon nhan luc

1.1.2.1.Muc tieu cua quan tri nguon nhan luc

Muc tieu cua quan tri nguon nhan luc trong doanh nghiep nSm trong

he thong muc tieu cua doanh nghiep Do la :

Muc tieu kinh te

Quan tri nguon nhan luc nhSm muc dich su dung co hieu qua nhat sure lao dong nham tang nang suat lao dong, tao dibu kien lam tang lqi nhuan cua doanh nghidp ; giam thieu chi phi kinh doanh sir dung lao dong, dam bao chat luqng hang hoa va dich vu nhSm tang kha nang chiem linh va md rong thi trudng, tang hieu qua cua hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Mat khac, doanh nghiep phai dam bao thoa man lqi ich cua ngudi lao dong

Muc tieu xa hoi

Doanh nghiep phai dap dng nhu cdu va thach there cua xa hoi Doanh nghiep phai tao cong an viec lam, giao due, dong vien ngudi lao dong phat trien phu hop vdi su tien bo cua xa hoi Hoat dong cua doanh nghiep phai tuan thu phap luat Doanh nghiep phai xac lap va giai quyet

LuAn van thac sy QTKD 6 Luu Binh Congthoa dang moi quan he giua to chiic cong doan va cac cA'p quan tri doanh nghiep; bao ve va thoa man nhu cau va quyen lqi cua moi thanh vien trong doanh nghiep cung nhu quyen lqi cua ban hang, cua ngudi tieu dung trong xa hoi.

Muc tieu tiet kiem tai nguyen, bao ve moi truing

Tai nguyen dang dAn can kiet, moi trudng song dang ngay cang xau di la van de mang tinh toan cau, la moi quan tAm chung cua toan nhAn loai Nhieu quoc gia tren the gidi da the che hoa van de nay thanh luAt Vi vAy, tiet kiem tai nguyen, bao ve moi trudng la mot muc tieu

ma cac doanh nghiep ngay nay phai quan tAm

Muc tieu chinh tri

Doanh nghiep phai xAy dung duqc mot doi ngu nhung ngudi lao dong co ky luat, co trinh do khoa hoc cao, cd phAm chat dao dire tot dap ling yeu cau cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dA't nude

1.1.2.2.Vai trd cua quan tri nguon nhan luc

Vai trd cua quan tri ngudn nhAn luc trong to chuc xuAt phat tir vai trd quan trong cua con ngudi Con ngudi la yeu to cau thanh nen to chiic, vAn hanh to chiic va quyet dinh su thanh bai cua to chuc Lao dong la mot trong nhung yeu to co ban cua qua trinh san xuA't va la nhAn to dong vai trd sang tao Lao dong luon duqc coi la nhAn to cd y nghia quyet dinh ddi vdi moi hoat dong cua doanh nghiep, doi vdi viec sang tao ra va sir dung cac yeu to' khac cua qua trinh san xuA't Vi vAy, quan tri ngudn nhAn luc chinh la mot linh vuc quan trong cua quan ly trong doanh nghiep, cd vai tro quyet dinh ddi vdi viec nAng cao hieu qua san xuA't kinh doanh, tang kha nang canh tranh va thuc hien cac muc tieu cua doanh nghiep

1.2.

Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua quan tri ngudn nhan luc trong doanh nghiep

Luan van thac sy QTKD 7 Luu Binh CongHoat dong chu yeu cua quan tri nguon nhan luc gom 3 nhom chuc nang chinh: tuyen dung lao dong; duy tri va su dung nguon nhan; dao tao va phat trien ngudn nhan luc.

1.2.1 Cong tac tuyen dung lao dong

1.2.1.1 Phan tich va thiet ke cong viec

-Phan tich cong viec

+Khai niem va y nghia cua phan tich cong viec

Phan tich cong viec la qua trinh danh gia noi dung cong viec bang each xac dinh cac thong tin lien quan den tirng budc cong viec duqc phan tich Bude cong viec la mot don vi nhd nhat cua to chuc lao dong duqc chia ra th nhung nhiem vu cu the Bucrc cong viec do mot (mot so) ngudi thuc hien tren mot (mot so) may moc, thiet bi hoac dung cu san xuat nha't dinh Cong viec cu the thudng bao gom mdt loat cac budc cong viec khac nhau

Phan tich cong viec cd cac y nghia co ban sau:

Thd nhat, tren co so mo ta cong viec cd the chi ra dac diem ky thuat cua cong viec Day la co so de xac dinh loai lao dong edn thiet de thuc hien cong viec Nhu the, chi cd the hoach dinh duqc ke hoach nguon nhan luc cua doanh nghiep thong qua phan tich cong viec

Thu hai, tir phan tich cong viec cho phep xac dinh noi dung, chuong trinh dao tao, boi duong va phat trien doi ngu nhung ngudi lao dong nham giup cho ho cd du kha nang dap ling yeu cau nhiem vu

Thu ba, phan tich cong viec cho phep danh gia nhung yeu to cd hai cho sue khoe, tao ra co so de xac dinh cac dieu kien can thiet de khac phuc, loai true nhung anh hudng cd hai, cung cap trang thiet bi bao ho lao dong can thiet cho ngudi lao dong

Thic tu, phan tich cong viec tao ra cac thong tin co so khong the thieu de tinh toan thu lao lao dong, hieu qua cong viec, thanh tich cua ngudi lao dong khi tien hanh cong viec

+Noi dung cua phan tich cong viec

Luan van thac sy QTKD 8 Luu Binh CongKhi phan tfch cong viec c^n xay dung duqc hai tai lieu ccf ban la ban

mo ta cong viec va ban tieu chuan cong viec Ban mo ta cong viec la

van ban liet ke cac chdc nang, nhiem vu, cac moi quan he trong cong

chuan c£n dat duqc khi thuc hien cong viec Ban mo ta cong viec giup ta hieu duqc noi dung, yeu cau cua cong viec va hieu duqc quy£n han,

trach nhiem khi thuc hien cong viec Ban tieu chuan cong viec la van

ban liet ke nhung yeu cau ve nang luc ca nhan nhu trinh do, hoc van, kinh nghiem cong tac, kha nang giai quyet va'n de, cac ky nang khac va cac dac diem ca nhan thich hop nhat cho cong viec Ban tieu chuan cong viec giup ta hieu duqc doanh nghiep c£n loai nhan vien nhu the nao de thuc hien cong viec tot nha't

Ban mo ta cong viec

Do dac thu ve quy mo, trinh do va each to chuc cua mOi doanh nghiep nen trong thuc te khong co bieu mau thong nhat cho ban mo ta cong viec Tuy nhien, ban mo ta cong viec nen gom cac thOng tin dudi day:

•Du kien tong quat : ten cong viec; ma so cong viec; cap bac cong viec; nhan vien thuc hien cong viec; can bo lanh dao, giam sat; mdc tien luong; ngucri lap va ngudi duyet ban mo ta cong viec

•Ban cha't cong viec: mo ta tom tat thuc chat do la cong viec gi Mdc

do quan trong cua cong viec trong mo'i tuong quan vdi cac cong viec khac

•Cac moi quan he trong thuc hien cong viec vdi nhung ngudi khac trong va ngoai doanh nghiep

•Chdc nang, trach nhiem trong cong viec : liet ke tdng chuc nang nhiem vu chinh, giai thfch cac cong viec cu the can thuc hien trong nhiem vu , trach nhiem chinh do

Luan van thac sy QTKD 9 Luu Binh Cong

•Quyen hanh cua ngudi thuc hien cong viec: xac dinh ro gidi han hay pham vi quyen hanh trong cac quyet dinh ve mat tai chfnh, nhan su

•Tieu chuan mSu danh gia thuc hien cong viec : cac chi tieu ve sd' luqng, chat luqng, doanh so', muc tieu hao nguyen vat lieu can dat duqc

•Dieu kien lam viec: liet ke nhung dieu kien lam viec dac biet nhu

ca ba, them gid, doc hai, muc do rui ro

•Dieu khoan huan luyen va co hoi thang thudng: cSn chi ro nhan vien thuc hien cong viec duqc huan luyen d dau, trong bao lau; cac ly

do thang thudng va cac tuyen thang thudng

Ban tieu chuan cong viec

Do cac yeu cau cong viec rat da dang nen cac yeu cau chu yeu do'i vdi nhan vien thuc hien cong viec cung rS't da dang Nhung yeu to' chinh cua bang tieu chuan cong viec thudng la: trinh do van hoa, chuyen mon,trinh do ngoai ngu va cac ky nang khac co lien quan; kinh nghiem cong

nhan lien quan den thuc hien cong viec nhu tfnh trung thuc, kha nang hoa dong, toe do nhanh nhen, kha nang phan doan, kha nang lanh dao, tinh can than;

+Thdng tin phuc vu cho phan tich cong viec

De phan tich cong viec duqc chinh xac, can phai thu thap duqc cac loai thong tin sau day: cac thong tin ve cong viec cu the nhu do'i tuqng thuc hien, cong viec can thuc hien, do phuc tap cua cong viec, cac yeu cau ky thuat; cac thong tin ve quy trinh cong nghe de thuc hien cong viec nhu each thirc tien hanh, may moc, trang thiet bi, dung cu, nguyen vat lieu sir dung; thong tin ve tieu chuan danh gia, cac dinh mdc can thiet ve lao dong, vat tu, su dung may moc, thiet bi; cac thong tin ve dieu kien lam viec nhu tinh cha't doc hai , trang bi bao ho lao dong, tien

Luan van thac sy QTKD 10 Luu Binh Congluong, che do lam viec; cac thong tin ve ngudi lao dong thuc hien cong viec nhu doi hoi ve she khoe, trinh do tay nghe, hoc van, kinh nghiem.

+Phitang phap phan tich cong viec

Cac phuang phap phan tich cong viec

•Phuong phap tong hop : cong viec dupc phan tich theo trat tu dang ca'p Cac thao tac khac nhau dupc sap xep theo mot day tir don gian den phtre tap Cac thao tac co cung muc dp phtre tap se dupc xep vao cung mot bac Phuong phap nay tuy don gian song chi co the danh gia dupc o dang khai quat, chua chu y den dac diem rieng cua tirng doanh nghiep, chua xac dinh dupc khoang each giua cac mire do phtre tap khac nhau

•Phuong phap phan tich: danh gia cu the mtre do phtre tap cua congviec thong qua danh gia do phtre tap cua tirng bo phan cong viec Muon vay, co the cho diem cu the cho mdi loai doi hoi cua cong viec Tong so diem cua mOi loai doi hoi cua cong viec cho cho biet yeu cau khac nhau

ve cac kien thuc chuyen mon can thiet, ve su kheo leo, ve trach

cu the Cac thang bac diem khong nha't thiet phai tang theo ty le ma co the tang tren hoac dudi ty le

Cac phitctng phap thu thap thong tin phan tich cong viec

Co rat nhieu phuong phap thu thap thong tin phan tich cong viec

No tuy thuoc vao tirng loai thong tin thu thap va tuy theo tirng doanh nghiep Sau day la mot so phuong phap pho bien:

•Bang cau hoi

Bang cau hoi dupc danh gia la phuong phap huu hieu nhat de thu thap thong tin phan tich cong viec Theo phuong phap nay, ca'p quan tri giri cho ta't ca cac nhan vien nhung bang cau hoi da chuan bi san, trir ca'p dieu hanh Trong bang cau hoi nay, ngoai ten, tudi, phong ban, chiic

vu, cong nhan phai mb ta toan bo cac nhiem vu hoac muc dich cua cong viec, kho'i lupng cong viec hoac so lupng san pham Tuy nhien, phuongphap nay co tro ngai va han che la cong nhan co the khong thich didn

Luan van thac sy QTKD 11 Luu Bmh Congvao nhung bang cau hoi mot each chi tiet va vi the se khong tra ldi cau hoi day du Ngoai ra, ca cong nhan lan cap dieu hanh deu khong co nhiPu thdi gian de xu ly bang cau hoi.

•Quan sat tai nffi lam viec

Phuong phap nay dupe su dung chu yeu doi vdi cac cong viec doi hoi ky nang bang tay chan, nhu cac cong nhan true tiep san xuat Doi vcfi cac cong viec bang tri oc thi phuong phap nay la khong du Quan sat tai noi lam viec cho phep cac nha phan rich chi ra day du va chi tiet thdi gian, muc dp thuong xuyen, tinh phde tap cua cac nhiem vu, thong tin

ve dieu kien lam viec cua cac may mdc, dung cu, nguyen vat lieu su dung trong qua trinh lam viec Tuy nhien, phuong phap quan sat cd the cung ca'p nhung thong tin thieu chinh xac do gap phai va'n de tarn ly cua nhan vien khi biet minh bi quan sat

•Phong van

Phong van cd the thuc hien true tiep vdi tilng ca nhan, vdi nhom nhan vien hoac vdi nha quan tri Phuong phap nay rat huu hieu khi muc dich cua phan tfch cong viec la xay dung tieu chuan mau danh gia nang luc thuc hien cong viec cua nhan vien, xac dinh nhu cau dao tao va xac dinh gia tri cua cong viec Phong va'n cho phep phat hien nhieu thong tin vP cac hoat dong va cac mo'i quan he trong phan rich cong viec ma cac phuong phap khac khong the tim ra Nhuqc diem cua phuong phap nay la ngudi duqc phong van cd the cung ca'p cac thong tin sai lech hoac khong muon tra ldi day du cac cau hoi, do suy nghi rang cd the se cd su thay doi co ca'u to chirc, tinh gian bien che, nang cao dinh muc Them vao do, phong va'n doi hoi can bo thu thap thong tin phai ton nhieu thdi

•Phitang phap ghi chep nhat ky

Trong mot so trudng hop, ngudi thu thap thong tin yeu cau nhan vien ghi lai, mo ta lai cac hoat dong hang ngay trong mot cud'n so Nhd

do ma va'n de nhan vien phong dai tarn quan trong cua cong viec minh

Luan van thac sy QTKD 12 Luu Binh Conglam o cac phuong phap trudc se giai quyet duqc do thu duqc cac thong tin theo su kien thuc te Nhuqc diem cua phuong phap nay la viec ghi chep kho dam bao duqc lien tuc va nha't quan.

•Bang danh sack kiem tra

Day la danh sach cac muc co lien quan tori cong viec Thudng ca nhan ngudi dam nhan cong viec hoac ca'p quan tri true tiep cua ho duqc yeu cau kiem tra xem mdi muc co ap dung cho cong viec dang can kiem tra hay khong Danh sach kiem tra ra't huu dung vi cac ca nhan rat dd tra

•Phitcmg phap chuyen gia

Cac chuyen gia, nhung ngudi am hieu cong viec duqc mdi tdi du hoi thao de thao luan ve cac edng viec can tim hieu Du diem cua phuong phap la bo sung duqc nhung thong tin ve cong viec ma ngudi nghidn curu khong thu tha'p duqc tir cac phuong phap tren Nhuqc diem cua no

la ton nhieu thdi gian, chi phi

•Phoi hap cac phicang phap

Thong thudng, cac nha phan tfch khong dung mot phuong phap don thudn Ho thudng pho'i hop cac phuong phap vdi nhau Chang han, muon phan tich cong viec cua nhan vien hanh chinh, ho cd the su dung bang cau hoi, pho'i hop vdi phong va'n va quan sat them Khi nghien cuu cac cong viec san xua't, ho dung phuong phap phong va'n pho'i hop vdi phuong phap quan sat

-Thiet ke cong viec

+Khai niem thiet ke cong viec

Thiet ke cong viec la tong hop cac hoat dong xac dinh noi dung, each thde thuc hien cong viec, cac tieu chuan ve hieu biet, ky nang, nang luc cung nhu cac yeu to' can thiet khac de thuc hien cong viec mot each cd hieu qua tai mot noi lam viec xac dinh

+Muc dich cua thiet ke cong viec

Luan van thac sy QTKD 13 Luu Binh CongThiet ke cong viec phai nham tra ldi cac cau hoi: muc tieu phai dat

la gi? cac thao tac cu the la gi? can co cac dieu kien cu the gi de thuc hien cong viec mot each co hieu qua?

+Nhung nhan to anh hudng den thiet ke cong viec

hudng de'n no nhu: co cau san xuat va nguyen tac xay dung co cau san xuat; muc do chuyen mon hoa can dat; may moc thiet bi va phuong tien duqc trang bi tai noi lam viec; trinh do, nang luc cua ngudi lao dong duqc dao tao d thi trudng lao dong;

-Thiet ke lai cong viec

Thie't ke' lai cong viec la qua trinh nghien cuu, thay doi cong viec theo nhung tieu chuan ve hieu biet, ky nang, nang luc va cac yeu to can thie't khac de thuc hien tot hon cong viec hoac tang dong co lam viec cua ngudi lao dong

Qua phan tich cong viec se danh gia duqc nhung bat hop ly cua cong viec cung nhu sue y cua ngudi lao dong khi thuc hien cong viec; chi ra nhung ye'u to anh hudng xau de'n sue khoe va su an toan cua ngudi lao dong; xac dinh nhung bat cap cua cong viec vdi trinh do lao dong va trang thie't bi da thay doi; de thiet ke' lai cong viec mot each hop ly, khoa hoc Day chinh la dieu kien de khong ngilng hoan thien cong tac t6 chdc lao dong khoa hoc trong doanh nghiep

1.2.1.2 Hoach dinh nguon nhan luc

-Khai niem va muc dich cua hoanh dinh nguon nhan luc

Bat ky to chuc, doanh nghiep nao cung co nhung muc tieu mang tarn chie'n luqc, de thuc hien cac muc tieu do can phai cd con ngudi Noi mot each don gian, hoach dinh chie'n luqc kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep khong the tach khoi hoach dinh chie’n luqc nguon nhan luc de dap ung cac muc tieu cua chie'n luqc kinh doanh Hoach dinh nguon nhan luc la qua trinh xac dinh mot each cd he tho'ng nhung yeu cdu ve so' luqng,

Lu&n van thac sy QTKD 14 Luu Binh Congcha't lupng lao dong theo co ca'u nganh nghe dap ling yeu c^u cua doanh nghiep o mdi thdi ky kinh doanh.

-Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua hoach dinh nguon nhan luc

+Phan tich hien trang nguon nhan luc trong doanh nghiep

Can cii muc tieu, nhiem vu cua doanh nghiep va tirng bo phan trong doanh nghiep, phuong an phat trien cua doanh nghiep trong tuong lai, nang luc tai chinh cua doanh nghiep Kha nang nhan luc hien tai chu yeu dupe xac dinh dua vao viec thong ke, danh gia lai nguon nhan luc hien cd, loai trur nhung bien dong co the du kien trudc, nhu cho di dao tao, thuyen chuyen, huu tri, Phan tich hien trang nguon nhan luc phai danh gia dupe cac yeu to' : so' lupng, co ca'u, trinh do, ky nang nghe nghiep, kha nang hoan thanh nhiem vu va cac pham cha't khac cua dpi ngu lao dong hien tai cua doanh nghiep

+Du bao nhu cau lao dong

Nhu cau lao dong dupe xac dinh ca ve so lupng va cha't lupng khong chi thoa man cho hien tai ma phai du tinh viec dap dng cho ca tuong lai Nhu cdu phai dupe xac dinh theo mot co ca'u lao dong to'i uu

Tren co so muc tieu, nhiem vu va phuong an phat trien cua doanh nghiep trong tuong lai; ket qua phan tich, danh gia nguon nhan luc hien tai de du bao nhu cau lao dong cua doanh nghiep

Du bao nhu cau lao dong cua doanh nghiep dua tren co so cac thong tin: khoi lupng cong viec cSn thiet phai thuc hien; trinh do trang bi ky thuat va kha nang thay doi ve cong nghe; su thay doi ve co ca'u to chuc;

co ca'u nganh nghe, yeu cau cha't lupng san pham , dich vu; kha nang tai chinh cua doanh nghiep; tinh trang nguon nhan luc hien tai;

Trong thuc te, cac to chirc, doanh nghiep thudng ap dung cac phuong phap du bao nhu cau nhan vien sau:

Phuang phap phan tich xu huang\ nghien cuu nhu cau nhan vien trong cac nam qua de du bao nhu cdu nhan vien giai doan tori Phuong phap nay mang tinh dinh hudng, kern chinh xac do du bao

Luan van thac sy QTKD 15 Luu Binh Congchi dua vao yeu to thdi gian va xu hudng phat tridn chung, thudng chi ap dung cho nhung noi cd tinh hinh san xuat, kinh doanh on dinh.

Phitang phap phan tich titang quan: du bao nhu cau nhan vien bang each su dung he so tuong quan giua mot dai lupng ve quy mo san xua't kinh doanh va so lupng nhan vien edn thiet tuong ung Phuong phap nay kern chinh xac do khong tinh den thay doi ve co cau cha't luong nhan vien va su thay doi cong nghe, to chuc ky thuat cua doanh nghiep

Phitang phap theo danh gid cua cac chuyen gia: Phuong phap nay sir

dung rong rai trong thuc tidn va co vai trd quan trong trong du bao nhan vien Cac chuyen gia du bao nhu cau nhan vien tren co so danh gia, phan tich anh hudng cua cac yeu to' moi trudng va kha nang thich ung cua doanh nghiep trong viec nang cao chat lupng cua cac san pham, dich vu

+Phan tich quan he cung cau lao dong

Can do'i giua nhu c£u va kha nang nhan su, thudng xay ra ba trudng hop sau: nhu cau = kha nangteung = c^u); nhu cau > kha nang (cung > cau); nhu cau < kha nang (cung < cdu) Vdi mdi trudng hop, doanh nghiep se co nhung chinh sach va ke hoach ung xu thich hop

+Xay dutng chinh sach, chitang trinh, ke hoach thu hut lao dong

Cac chinh sach dupe ap dung thudng gan lien vdi viec cai tien he tho'ng to chuc, sap xep, bo' tri hop ly lao dong, cac chinh sach ve xa hoi do'i vdi ngudi lao dong nhu: boi thudng, dao tao, huu tri, thang tien, thuyen chuydn,

Ke hoach thuc hien chia lam hai trudng hop: thieu lao dong va thira lao dong Trudng hop thieu lao dong, neu thieu ve so' lupng thi can xay dung ke hoach tuyen dung tir ben ngoai, neu thieu ve cha't can bo tri sap xep lai, thuyen chuyen, dao tao boi duong them Trudng hop thira lao

Luan van thac sy QTKD 16 Luu Binh Congdong, cd the ap dung cac bien phap han che tuyen dung, giam gid lam, giam bien che, nghi viec tarn thdi, nghi huu sdm,

1.2.1.3 To chuc kiem tra va tuyen chon lao dong

-Muc dich cua viec kiem tra

Day la mot budc quan trong nham kiem tra viec trien khai thuc hien cac muc tieu, noi dung da duqc hoach dinh trong ke hoach nguon nhan luc; danh gia tien trinh, mtrc do dat duqc o mdi giai doan, cac sai lech gitia ke hoach va thuc hien tur do dieu chinh ke hoach cho phu hop

-Nguon tuyen chon va phuong phap tuyen chon

+Nguon tuyen chon

Nguon noi bo

Nhieu doanh nghiep nd luc phat trien nhan vien tir cap thap nha't cua

ho cho den nhung vi tri cao hon khac nhau trong to chtrc, viec do thudng duqc tien hanh nhd he thong quan ly nhan su o xi nghiep Viec tuye’n chon tir noi bo co tac dung khuyen khfch nhan vien boi dudng, tu bdi dudng; cd duqc doi ngu nhan vien cd kien thuc ve doanh nghiep, cd long trung thanh vdi doanh nghiep; cd d^y du thong tin ve nhan vien; tiet kiem duqc chi phi tuydn chon Tuy nhien, cung cd nhung han che nhu khong thu hut duqc nhung ngudi cd trinh do cao ngoai doanh nghiep; cd the’ gay nen hien tuqng chai ly, xo cdng do nhan vien rap khuon theo each lam viec cu, thieu sang tao

Nguon ben ngoai

Nguon lao dong o thi trudng ben ngoai cd cac dang sau: nhung ngudi tu den doanh nghiep de xin viec; nhung ngudi do cac trung tarn dao tao nhu cac trudng day nghe, cao dang, dai hoc gidi thieu; nhung ngudi la ban be cua nhan vien, cac nhan vien cu cua doanh nghiep, nhan vien cua cac hang khac;

+Phuong phap tuyen chon

Cd rat nhieu phuong phap tuyen chon lao dong tir nguon ben ngoai doanh nghiep Cac phuong phap chu yeu la: quang cao tren cac phuong

Luan van thac sv OTKD 17 Luu Binh Congtien thong tin dai chung; cu chuyen vien den cac trudng dao tao chuyen nganh phu hop; thong qua cac co quan tuyen dung lao dong; sinh vien thuc tap tai doanh nghiep ; nhd nhan vien trong gidi thieu

-Quy trinh tuyen chon

Quy trinh tuyen dung cua cac doanh nghiep thudng duoc tien hanh theo cac budc sau:

Bude 1: Chuan bi tuyen dung

-Nghien cuu ky cac loai van ban, quy dinh cua Nha nudc va to chdc, doanh nghiep lien quan den tuyen dung

-Xac dinh tieu chuan tuyen chon, bieu hien d ba khfa canh : tieu chuan chung doi vdi doanh nghiep; tieu chuan cua phong ban, bo phan

co sd; tieu chuan doi vdi ca nhan thuc hien cong viec Tieu chuan doi vdi ca nhan thuc hien cong viec la tieu chuan da duoc liet ke trong ban tieu chuan cong viec

Budc 2: Thong bao tuyen dung

Cac doanh nghiep co the ap dung mot hoac ket hop cac hinh thUc thong bao tuyen dung nhu: quang cao tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung; thong qua cac trung tam dich vu lao dong; yet bang tai co quan; thong qua cac trudng, cac trung tam dao tao

Thong bao nen ngan gon, chi tiet va day du nhung thong tin co ban

dac diem ca nhan Rieng vdi hinh thUc quang cao, can luu y cac noi

hon ve doanh nghiep va tinh hap dan cua cong viec; cac chuc nang, trach nhiem, nhiem vu chinh trong cong viec; quyen loi cua cac ung vien neu trung tuyen nhu luong bong dai ngo, co hoi duoc dao tao, thang tien; cac hudng dan ve thu tuc, ho so va cach thuc lien he

Luan van thac sy OTKD 18 Luu Binh CongBuOc 3: Thu nhan, nghien cuu ho so

Tat ca moi ho so xin viec deu phai ghi so, co phan loai chi tiet de su

doanh nghiep nen co bo ho so mau rieng cho thng loai ung vien vao cac

bao gom hoc van, kinh nghiem, cac qua trinh cong tac; kha nang tri thUc; suc khoe; mUc do lanh nghe, su kheo leo ve tay chan; tfnh tinh,

Nghien cuu ho so de loai bOt mot so Ung vien hoan toan khong dap

BuOc 4: Phong van so bo

BuOc 5: Kiem tra, trac nghiem

thuc hanh

BuOc 6: Phong van lan hai

phuong dien nhu kinh nghiem, trinh do, cac dac diem ca nhan nhu tfnh

BuOc 7: Xac minh, dieu tra

Xac minh, dieu tra la qua trinh lam sang to them nhung dieu chua ro

do'i vOi ung vien co trie’n vong tot Thong qua tie'p xuc vOi dong nghiep ,

Luan van thac sy QTKD _ 19 Luu Binh Congban be, thay co giao hoac vdi lanh dao cu cua ung vien Cong tac xac minh, dieu tra se cho biet them ve trinh do, kinh nghiem, tinh each cua ung vien Doi vdi mot so cong viec doi hoi tinh an ninh cao, cd the xac minh them ve nguon go'c, ly lich gia dinh cua ung vien.

Bude 8: Kham sue khoe

Dii cd dap ling day du cac yeu to ve trinh do hoc van, hieu bie't, ky nang, tu each, nhung ne'u sue khoe khong dam bao thl khong nen tuyen dung NhAn mdt benh nhan vao doanh nghiep khong nhung khong dam bao ve chat luong cong viec, hieu qua ve kinh te' ma con gay ra rat nhieu phien toai ve mat phap ly cho doanh nghiep

Bude 9: Ra quye't dinh tuyen dung

Ra quye’t dinh tuyen chon hay loai bo ling vien la budc quan trong nhat De nang cao muc do chinh xac cua cac quye't dinh tuyen chon, can xem xet mot each he thong cac thong tin ve ting vien Cach thuc ra quye't dinh tuyen chon cung anh hudng tdi muc do chinh xac cua tuyen chon Do do hoi dong tuyen chon can tho'ng nhat trudc each thuc ra quye't dinh tuye’n chon

Budc 10: Ky hop dong lao dong

Sau khi doanh nghiep va cac ting vien duqc tuyen chon da tho'ng

luong bong, dai ngo, dao tao, huan luyen se di de’n budc tie'p theo la

ky hop dong lao dong Doanh nghiep can can cd bien phap de ngudi lao dong mdi mau chong hoa nhap mdi trudng lam viec

Trong thuc te', cac budc va noi dung trinh tu tuyen dung cd the thay doi linh boat, tnam chi cd the them hoac bdt vai budc Dieu nay phu thuoc vao yeu cau, dac die’m cua doanh nghiep, trinh do cua hoi dong tuyen chon

-Bank gid hieu qua cua edng tac tuyen chon

Trong qua trinh tuyen dung, cd bon kha nang cd the xay ra cho mdi ung vien theo so do sau:

Lu^n van thac sv OTKD 20 Luu Binh Cong

Nang luc hoan

thanh cong viec cua

Ung vien

Quyet dinh tuyen chon

Tot

(2)Sai lam(Danh gia qua thap)

(1)Chinh xac

Chfnh xac

(4)Sai lam(Danh gia qua cao)

Trong o so (1) va (3), quyet dinh tuyen dung la chinh xac: loai bo Ung vien khong du tieu chuan, tiep nhan ung vien du nang luc Trong o

so (2), Ung vien bi danh gia thap hon kha nang thuc te, dan den doanh nghiep khong tuyen duoc Ung vien gioi Sai lam nay kho danh gia, trh

duoc danh gia qua cao so vdi kha nang thuc te, thu nhan vao doanh nghiep, thuc hien cong viec o muc yeu kem Thiet hai do sai lam trong tuyen chon co the thay ro qua chat luong thuc hien cong viec cua nhan vien mdi, phi ton do phai tuyen chon nhan vien mdi, anh huong khong tot ve dao dUc, tac phong, ky luat lao dong cua nhan vien mdi doi vdi

Khi phan tfch hieu qua cua cong tac tuyen dung, c£n phai thu thap nhung thong tin sau day:

+Chi phf cho cac hoat dong tuyen dung va chi phi cho mot lan

nhu dich vu tuyen, quang cao

+He so giua so' nhan vien mdi tuyen va so duoc de nghi tuyen

Luan van thac sy QTKD 21 Luu Binh Cong+So lupng ung vien chap nhan va so lupng ting vien th choi cong viec d mot muc luong nha't dinh.

+Ket qua thuc hien cong viec d cac cong nhan mdi duqc tuyen

+So lupng nhan vien mdi bo viec

Nen luu y phan tich hieu qua cua mdi ngudn tuyen dung khac nhau Mdi ngudn tuyen dung thudng cd ke't qua khac nhau ve mdc do thanh cong cua cac ung vien va cac chi phi tuyen ddi vdi mot nhan vien Nhung phan tich nhu vay se giup doanh nghiep de ra dupe cac chinh sach va bien phap tuong ung nang cao hieu qua cua hoat dong tuyen dung sau nay

1.2.2 Cdng tac duy tri va su dung ngudn nhan luc

1.2.2.1 Phan cong va hiep tac lao dong

-Khai niem va yeu cau cua phan cong va hiep tac lao dong

+Khai niem

Phan cong lao dong la qua trinh tach rieng cac loai lao dong khac nhau theo mot tieu thuc nha't dinh phu hop vdi cac dieu kien nha't dinh Ke't qua cua qua trinh phan cong lao dong la chia qua trinh lao dong d trinh do chuyen mon hoa nhat dinh thanh nhieu cong viec bo phan cu the’ va giao cho mdi ca nhan dam nhan phii hop vdi nang luc so trudng

va tay nghe ho dupe dao tao va phat trien

Hiep tac lao dong la qua trinh thiet lap mdi lien he mat thiet, chat che giua nhung ngudi lao dong da dupe phan cong dam nhan nhung cong viec nha't dinh nham pho'i hop an y giua ho, nang cao hieu qua hoat dong chung cua tap the

Phan cong lao dong tat ye'u dan de'n hiep tac lao dong Phan cong va hiep tac lao dong la hai mat cua mot qua trinh su dung lao dong trong doanh nghiep: phan cong tren co so tfnh de’n kha nang hiep tac va hiep tac dua tren co so phan cong; phan cdng lao dong cang sau bao nhieu thl hiep tac lao dong cang phai ti mi, chat che ba'y nhieu

+ Yeu cau cua viec phan cdng va hiep tac lao dong

Luan van thac sy OTKD 22 Luu Binh CongPhan cong va hiep tac lao dong trong doanh nghiep phai dam bao

chung trong nen kinh te quoc dan; dam bao tinh chuyen mon hoa cao

lao dong; dam bao cho ngudi lao dong co du viec lam tren co so dinh mdc lao dong khoa hoc; dam bao su dung co hieu qua cao nhat nguon

-Cac hinh thu : c phan cong l ao dong

+Phan cong lao dong theo tinh chat hoat dong

hoat dong cua lao dong Theo do, lao dong cua doanh nghiep duoc phan chia lam hai loai: lao dong lanh dao va lao dong thda hanh Phan chia lao dong thanh lao dong lanh dao va lao dong thda hanh nham tao ra mot co ca'u lao dong can do'i giua lao dong quan tri va lao dong san xua't

+Phan cong lao dong theo chitc nang

Tiep do, co the phan cong lao dong theo chdc nang: chdc nang tieu thu, chdc nang san xuat, chdc nang mua sSm va du tru, chdc nang tai chinh, chdc nang tinh toan va chuc nang quan tri doanh nghiep Cach

+Phan cong lao dong theo nghe va theo do phdc tap cua cong viec

chia lao dong theo cac tieu thdc khac nhau : phan chia lao dong theo nghe va theo do phdc tap cua cong viec

Phan chia lao dong theo nghe la qua trinh tach rieng cac loai lao

cac nghe chuyen mon hoa o trinh do nha't dinh

Phan cong lao dong theo tinh cha't phdc tap chinh la dua vao do phdc tap cua cong viec tting nghe ma phan chia lao dong se dam nhan cong

Luan van thac sy QTKD 23 Luu Binh Congviec thanh cac cap do phdc tap khac nhau Nhin chung, su phan chia lao dong theo do phiic tap thudng dupc tieu chuan hoa theo tirng nganh nghe Cac doanh nghiep thudng dua vao thang bac phiic tap cua turng nghe ma Nha nude da quy dinh de phan cong lao dong cu the d doanh nghiep minh Hinh thuc nay cho phep tao ra co cau lao dong hop ly nham vira su dung tdi da nang luc cua tirng lao dong, vira tao dieu kien cho ngudi lao dong nang cao trinh do lanh nghe cua minh cung nhu tra cong lao dong mot each hop ly.

De danh gia trinh dp hop ly cua phan cong lao dong trong doanh nghiep ngudi ta thudng dua vao cac tieu chuan sau:

+Tieu chuan ky thuat cho phep khai thac tdi da nang luc san xuat cua trang thiet bi cong nghe, dung cu,

+Tieu chuan ve kinh te: dam bao tong chi phi kinh doanh sir dung lao dong nhd nhat, chu ky san xuat ngan nha't

+Tieu chuan tarn sinh ly: phu hop vdi kha nang va gidi han tarn sinh

ly cua ngudi lao dong, cho phep ngudi lao dong duy tri kha nang lam viec lau dai va gop ph^n phat trien con ngudi mot each toan dien

+Tieu chuan xa hoi: cho phep tao ra va duy tri tinh tich cue lao dong, quan niem dung dan ve lao dong va xay dung cac tap the lao dong tien tien

-Cac hinh thde hiep tac lao dong

+Hiep tac lao dong ve khong gian

Cd nhieu hinh thuc hiep tac lao dong 0 day chi nghien cuu hinh thde hiep tac giua nhung ngudi lao dong trong mot to (dpi) san xuat

chuyen mon hoa bao gom cac cong nhan cung nghe de thuc hien nhiem

vu cd quy trinh cong nghe giong nhau To san xua't tong hop bao gom cac cong nhan d cac nghe khac nhau de thuc hien nhiem vu cd quy trinh cong nghe khac nhau

Lu^n van thac sv OTKD _ 24 _ Lou Binh CongCan ch vao thdi gian chia to san xua't lam hai loai: to san xua't theo

ca va to san xua't khong theo ca To san xua't theo ca bao gom cac thanh

thanh vien lam viec o cac ca khac nhau nhung cung thuc hien tren mot

he thong may moc, thiet bi san xua't

+H i ep tac lao dong ve thdi gian

Hiep tac lao dong ve theti gian la su pho'i hop thuc hien nhiem vu theo thdi gian Ngoai hinh thuc to chhc khong theo ca thuc hien su phoi hop lao dong giua cac ca khac nhau ngay trong cung mot to san xuat ngudi ta con chu y den hinh thhc hiep tac giua cac to, cac bo phan san xuat khac nhau trong mot khoang thdi gian cdn thiet de hoan thanh mot nhiem vu nao do Hinh thhc hiep tac nay thudng dien ra o pham vi rong

va duoc thuc hien thong qua viec xay dung ke hoach tien do va dieu do san xua't

I.2.2.2 Xa y d u n g v a ho an t h i en di nh mu c la o do ng

-Khai niem va yeu cau xay dung va hoan thien dinh muc lao dong +Khai n i em dinh muc va cac loai dinh muc

dinh de che tao mot san pham hay hoan thanh mot cong viec nao do

sinh ly, kinh te' va xa hoi nha't dinh Co cac loai dinh mhc lao dong sau:

can thiet de hoan thanh viec che tao mot san pham trong cac dieu kien

to chhc, ky thuat, kinh te' va tam sinh ly nha't dinh

Dinh mhc san luong: Dinh mhc san luong quy dinh so luong san pham toi thieu phai hoan thanh trong mot don vi thdi gian vdi cac dieu kien to chhc, ky thuat, kinh te' va tam sinh ly nha't dinh

Luan van thac sy OTKD _ 25 Luu Binh Cong

✓

+ Y ngh i a cua viec xay dung dinh mdc

trong doanh nghiep dong vai tro quan trong trong cong tac to chlc lao

cua dinh muc lao dong the hien o cac mat sau:

-Dinh mlc lao dong la can cl de xac dinh so luqng lao dong cSn thiet o mdi bo phan va toan doanh nghiep Day chinh la mot trong cac

co so de xac dinh nhu cau ve lao dong

-Dinh muc lao dong la co so de thuc hien phan cong, hiep tac lao

-Dinh mlc lao dong la co so de xay dung ke hoach lao dong cung

-Dinh muc lao dong la co so de danh gia ket qua lao dong, thuc hien khuyen khich lqi ich vat cha't va chiu trach nhiem vat chat dO'i vdi tUng

-Dinh muc lao dong la co so de kiem tra cac hoat dong o pham vi

+ Cac yeu cau khi xay dung dinh mdc

Thd nhat, ve mat ky thuat cOng ' nghe Dinh muc lao dong khoa hoc

trinh do to chdc san xua't va to chuc lao dong tien tien, khai thac duqc tiem nang vO'n co cua ngudi lao dong

Thd hai , ve mat kinh te Dinh muc lao dong khoa hoc phai dam bao

su dung hqp ly luc luqng lao dong cung nhu cac nguon luc khac vdi chi phi kinh doanh va gia thanh ha nha't

Thd ba , ve mat tam sinh ly Dinh muc lao dong khoa hoc phai dam bao cac thao tac cua ngudi lao dong hqp ly nha't, phu hqp nha't vdi kha nang tam sinh ly cua ngudi lao dong, co tinh den che do dinh dudng va nghi ngoi hqp ly

Luan van thac sy QTKD 26 Luu Binh Cong

Thu tu, ve mat xa hoi Dinh muc lao dong khoa hoc phai dam bao tinh ha'p dan cua cong viec, gop phan phat trien ngudi lao dong mot each toan dien

-Cac phuong phap xay dung dinh mite

+Phuang phap thong ke-kinh nghiem

Phuong phap thong ke- kinh nghiem la phuong phap xay dung dinh mdc lao dong tren co so phan tich chudi so lieu thong ke ket hop vdi kinh nghiem cua can bo xay dung dinh muc Phuong phap nay tuy don gian, do ton kern nhung co han che la thieu chinh xac, d6 mang tinh chu quan va co the chua dung ca nhan to lac hau trong dinh muc

+Phucm.g phap phan tich

Phuong phap phan tich xay dung dinh mdc lao dong tren co so phan tich mot each khoa hoc cac dieu kien san xuat, ky thuat, to chuc, kinh

te, tarn sinh ly va xa hoi co tinh den kinh nghiem va phuong phap lao dong khoa hoc, hop ly Co the tien hanh theo phuong phap dieu tra phan tich hoac tinh toan phan tich De tien hanh theo phuong phap nay se phai tren co so phan tich thuc trang budc cong viec de thiet ke lai no vdi cac phuong phap thao tac tien tien roi tor do xac dinh dinh mire lao dong Tuy phtre tap, ton kern nhung phuong phap nay cho phep xay dung duqc he thong dinh mtre dam bao tinh tien tien va hien thuc

+Phucrng phap xay dung dinh muc tren co sd cac tieu chuan co san

Theo phuong phap nay cac doanh nghiep nhanh chong xay dung dinh mdc cac loai dua vao cac tieu chuan muc tuong ung da co Phuong phap nay don gian, dam bao dinh muc tien tien va hien thuc nhung phai

cd dieu kien la da co san cac bo dinh mdc chuan phu hop vdi tirng nganh nghe

I.2.2.3 To chuc phuc vu nod lam viec, cong tac an toan, bao ho lao dong va ve sinh cong nghiep

-Muc dich, y nghia

Lu^n van thac sv OTKD 27 Luu Binh CongNgoai luong thudng, ngudi lao dong con mong muon duoc hudng

cac loi fch nay co tac dung dong vien, khfch le, giu nhan vien cho to

toan; viec lam khong buon chan, ngudi cong nhan co the phat huy duoc nang luc cua minh; mot khung canh lam viec thich hop vdi co sd vat chat va trang bi thich hop; gid giac lam viec hop ly; Vi vay, can phai

to chuc noi lam viec mot cach khoa hoc hop ly, quan tam den cac loi fch khac cua ngudi lao dong nhu an toan bao ho lao dong, ve sinh cong nghiep, y te

-Cac noi dung chu yeu

An toan lao dong

Muc dich cua an toan lao dong la phong ngda, han che" tdi muc toi

da tai nan, benh nghe nghiep co the xay ra, bao dam tfnh mang, sUc

moi trudng lam viec hop ly: khong gian, khong khf, khf hau, anh

thuyet va thuc hanh ve an toan lao dong cho ngudi lao dong; xay dung

dong vien tinh than, vat chat va phat vat chat

Bao ho lao dong

La trang bi trudc cho ngudi lao dong nhung dung cu ca nhan can

Ve sinh cong nghiep

bui, xu ly chat thai, chong on,

Bao hiem y te

Luan van thac sv QTKD 28 Luu Binh COngLai ich nay duoc thet lap de cho ngudi thuoc dien bao hiem duoc

I.2.2.4 Thu l ao l ao dong

-Ca cau he thong thu lao lao dong trong doanh nghiep

Trong co che thi trudng thue mudn va su dung lao dong duoc thuc hien tren co so hop dong lao dong ky ket giua ngudi su dung lao dong

va ngudi lao dong Moi dieu khoan hai ben ky ket phai phu hop vdi Bo

va viec doanh nghiep thuc hien che do thu lao lao dong doi vdi ngudi

luong va tien thuong

-Tien laang

+Khai niem tien luang

Tren thuc te, khai niem va co ca'u tien luong ra't da dang o cac nudc tren the gidi o Viet Nam, "tien luong la gia ca suc lao dong, duoc hinh thanh qua su thoa thuan giua ngudi su dung lao dong va ngudi lao dong phu hop vdi quan he cung cau sUc lao dong trong nen kinh te thi trudng" "Tien luong cua ngudi lao dong do hai ben thoa thuan trong hop dong lao dong va duoc tra theo nang sua't lao dong, cha't luong va

duoc thoa thuan trong hop dong lao dong, thoa udc lao dong tap the hoac quy che cua doanh nghiep

nhung nhin chung, cac doanh nghiep hudng tdi bon muc tieu co ban la: thu hut nhan vien, duy tri nhung nhan vien gioi, kfch thich dong vien

+Cac yeu to anh hudng den tien luang

Luan van thac sv OTKD 29 Luu Binh Cong

•Moi t r udng ben trong doanh nghiep :chfnh sach cua doanh nghiep,

nghiep

•Moi trudng ben ngoai doanh nghiep , bao gom cac yeu to : thi trudng lao dong, chi phi sinh hoat, to chuc cong doan, xa hoi, nen kinh

te va luat phap

+Mot so hinh t huc tra luong

Tra luong theo thdi gian

Tra luong theo thdi gian la hinh thUc doanh nghiep can cU vao thdi gian co mat cua ngudi lao dong tai noi lam viec ma tra luong cho ho

Ve nguyen tac, khi tra luong thdi gian phai xac dinh duoc nang suat lao' dong, ngoai le khi tra luong cho trudng hop san xu£t tu dong cao vdi nhip do khong doi va khong phu thuoc vao ban than ngudi lao dong Do

qua lao dong cua ngudi lao dong tai noi lam viec nen trong hinh thuc tra luong thdi gian ton tai hai moi quan he co ban la chi phi kinh doanh tra luong tren mot don vi thdi gian la khong doi, con chi phi kinh doanh tra luong tren mot don vi san pham lai thay doi tuy thuoc vao nang su£t cua

do tu dong hoa cao, bo phan quan tri, cho nhung cong viec doi hoi quan

the ap dung dinh muc hoac cho nhung cdng viec ma neu ngudi lao dong tang cudng do lam viec se dd dan den tai nan lao dong, su dung lang phi nguyen vat lieu, lam cho may moc hao mon vdi toc do cao hon binh thudng

Tien luong cang tra cho thdi gian ngan bao nhieu cang chfnh xac bay nhieu Trong thuc te co the tra luong thdi gian theo thang, tuan, ngay, gid De nang cao hieu qua tra luong thdi gian, phai bo tri ngudi dung vdi cong viec, to chUc he thong theo doi, kiem tra viec ch£p hanh thdi gian lam viec, ket hop su dung bien phap giao duc, thuyet phuc

Luan van thac sy OTKD _ 30 Lou Binh Cong

Tra luang san pham

Tra luong san pham la hinh thdc tra luong can cd vao ket qua lao dong ma ngudi lao dong da hoan thanh Vdi hinh thuc tra luong san pham ton tai hai moi quan he co ban la chi phi kinh doanh tra luong tren mot don vi san pham la khong doi (trd trudng hop tra luong san pham luy tien) con chi phi kinh doanh tra luong tren mot don vi thdi gian lai thay doi tuy thuoc vao nang sua't cua ngudi lao dong Mat khac, khi tra luong san pham doanh nghiep khong the tra luong cho ngudi lao

thap hon dinh mdc doanh nghiep se phai ganh chiu Ngoai ra, de khuyen

khich lam luong san pham, doanh nghiep thudng quy dinh them he so khuyen khich tra luong san pham

-Tien thudng

Tien thudng la mot bo phan thu lao lao dong bo sung cho tien luong

Ve nguyen tac, cong cu tien thudng bi gidi han bdi quy mo cua no kha nho so vdi quy mo tien luong Nhin chung su dung khen thudng dudi hinh thuc tien thudng phai dem lai tac dung khuyen khich ngudi lao dong lam viec tot hon vdi nang suat lao dong cao hon, y thdc trach nhiem cao hon doi vdi tap the Nhung noi dung chu yeu lien quan den tien thudng la xac dinh nguon hinh thanh quy khen thudng, cac hinh thdc thudng hop ly, cac tieu thdc xet thudng cho mdi hinh thdc thudng

cu the De dat duoc muc dich kich thich ngudi lao dong, cac tieu thdc

dong thuc hien

-Phuc la i

Cac loai phuc loi ma ngudi lao dong duoc hudng rat da dang va phu

nghiep Phuc loi the hien su quan tam cua doanh nghiep de'n ddi so'ng cua ngudi lao dong, co tac dung kich thich nhan vien trung thanh, gan

Luan van thac sv OTKD 31 Luu Binh Cong

hoi va bao hiem y te, huu tri, nghi le, nghi phep, an trua do doanh nghiep dai tho, tro cap kho khan, qua tang cua doanh nghiep cho nhan vien nhan dip sinh nhat, cudi hoi

1.2.3 Cong t ac dao t ao v a pha t tri en nguon nhan lir e

1.2.3.1 Danh gia nang lire t hi r c h ie n cong v ie c cua n girrd l ao dong -Muc dich cua danh gia

Danh gia nang luc thuc hien cong viec cua nhan vien duoc su dung

hien cong viec cua ho so vdi cac tieu chuan mau va so vdi cac nhan vien khac

+Giup nhan vien dieu chinh, sua chua cac sai lam trong qua trinh lam viec

+KIch thich, dong vien nhan vien thong qua cac dieu khoan ve danh gia, ghi nhan va hd tro

chdc,

+Phat trien su hieu biet ve doanh nghiep thong qua dam thoai ve

+Tang cudng quan he tot dep giua cap tren va cap dudi

-Trinh t u rhuc hien danh gia

Cac doanh nghiep thudng danh gia thuc hien cong viec theo trinh tu sau:

1 Xac dinh cac yeu cau co bao c^n dan h gia

Cac nha quan tri can xac dinh linh vuc, ky nang, ke't qua cdn danh

suy ra th ban mo ta cong viec

Luan van thac sv OTKD 32 Luu Binh Cong

dong cua minh, doanh nghiep lua chon phuong phap danh gia thich hop

3 Huan luyen nhung ngudi lam cong tac danh gia ve ky nang danh gia nang luc thuc hien cong viec cua nhan vien

4 Thao luan vdi nhan vien ve noi dung va pham vi danh gia

Cac cuoc thao luan nay se chi ro linh vuc cdn danh gia, danh gia nhu the nao, chu ky thuc hien danh gia va tam quan trong cua ket

5 Thuc hien danh gia theo tieu chuan thuc hien cong viec

Nha quan tri nen thao luan vdi nhan vien ve ket qua danh gia, nhung dieu nha't tri va chua nha't tri trong cach danh gia, chi ra

cua nhan vien

7 Xac dinh muc tieu va ke't qua mdi cho nhan vien

Dieu quan trong trong nang luc thuc hien cong viec cua nhan vien la

de ra cac chi tieu mdi cho nhan vien

-Cac phuffng phap danh gia

Ph i tang phap xep hang luan ph i en : day la phuong phap don gian,

duoc xep thd tu tang dan th ngudi ye'u nha't de'n ngudi gioi nha't, hoac

cong viec

Phiang phap so sanh cap: cung tuong tu nhu phuong phap xep hang luan phien, tuy nhien mdc do chinh xac hon Thng cap nhan vien se l£n luot so sanh vdi nhau ve nhung yeu cau chfnh va se duoc cho diem Khi tong hop se lan luot chon ra ngudi co so' die’m th cao nha't tdi tha'p nha't

Luan van thac sy QTKD 33 Luu Binh Cong

Phitang phap bang diem: day la phuong phap danh gia nhan vien can

cu theo nhung yeu cau, tieu chuan vd kho'i luong, chat luong thuc hien cong viec, tac phong, hanh vi Tong hop lai, ta co ket qua danh gia chung ve nang luc thuc hien cong viec cua nhan vien

Phitang phap quan sat hanh vi: thuc hien tren co so quan sat cac

hanh vi cua nhan vien khi thuc hien cong viec Can cu vao yeu to: so lan quan sat va tan so nhdc lai hanh vi, nha quan tri se danh gia duqc tinh hinh thuc hien cong viec chung cua nhan vien

Phitang phap danh gid theo muc tieu:

Danh gia theo muc tieu thudng chu trong den cac va'n de nhu : su phoi hop cua lanh dao va nhan vien doi vdi viec sap dat muc tieu cho nhan vien trong mot khoang thdi gian nha't dinh; dinh ky xem xet cac tien bo da dat duqc; danh gia mdc do hoan thanh cac muc tieu da de ra trong cong viec Phuong phap nay chu trong den cac muc tieu da luong hoa, mac du trong thuc te khong phai muc tieu nao cung luong hoa duqc

1.2.3.2 Dao tao va phat trien nguon nhan luc

-Khai niem

+Dao tao

Dao tao la mot qua trinh hoc tap ly luan va kinh nghiem de tim kiem mot su bien doi ve cha't tuong doi lau dai cua mot ca nhan, giup cho ca nhan co them nang luc thuc hien cong viec Nhd dao tao ngudi lao dong tang them hieu biet, ddi mdi phuong phap, each thuc, ky nang thai do lam viec va thai do doi vdi cong su

+Phat trien

Trong phat trien nguon nhan luc cung can dao tao, giua dao tao va dao tao phat trien nguon nhan luc giong nhau o chd cung cd muc dich nang cao trinh do lao dong va deu gan vdi hoc tap Song khac nhau d chd :dao tao dinh hudng cho hien tai, chu yeu tap trung vao cong viec hien tai cua mdi ca nhan, tang cudng cac ky nang va kha nang dac biet

Luan van thac sy QTKD _ 34 Luu Binh Cong

de thuc hien cong viec; dao tao cho phat trien nguon nhan luc la su dao tao dinh hudng cho tuong lai, tap trung vao su phat trien cho ca nhan va dap ung muc tieu chien lupc con ngudi

-Nhung noi dung chu yeu cua dao tao va phat trien nguon nhan luc

+Phan tich va xac dinh nhu cau dao tao

Phan tich nhu cau dao tao

Nhu cau dao tao chi dupe dat ra khi nhan vien khong co du cac ky nang can thiet de thuc hien cong viec De xac dinh chinh xac nhu cdu dao tao, edn thuc hien cac phan tich sau:

•Phan tfch doanh nghiep : doanh nghiep thuc hien muc tieu d mdc

dp nao? Phan tich doanh nghiep can danh gia dupe chi so hieu qua vd mat to chirc, ke hoach chuan bi dpi ngu ke can, nhan vien va moi trudng

to chiic Phan tich to chirc bao gom viec phan tich cac tieu thde nhu nang sua't, cha't lupng thuc hien cong viec, chi phi lao dong, ty le vang mat, thuyen chuyen, ky luat lao dong se giup cho cac nha quan tri xac dinh nhung van de co ban cua doanh nghiep va su can thiet phai dao tao Trong ke hoach chuan bi dpi ngu ke can, can xac dinh dupe nhung chirc vu se trd'ng va each thde chuan bi cac ling vien Neu ap dung dd bat noi bo, can co du kien chuong trinh dao tao Neu ap dung hinh thtre tuyen ngoai, can nghien ciru ky thi trudng lao dong va cac bien phap de

co the tuyen dupe nhan vien mong dpi Trong phan tich, can danh gia tac dong cua van de dao tao khong day du den moi trudng to chuc

•Phan tich tac nghiep: nhan vien crin cd nhung ky nang gi de thuc hien tot edng viec? Phan tich tac nghiep xac dinh loai ky nang va cac hanh vi edn thiet cho nhan vien thuc hien tot cong viec Loai phan tich nay thudng dupe su dung de xac dinh nhu cau dao tao nhan vien mdi hoac cac cong viec mdi dupe thuc hien lan dau do'i vdi nhan vien

•Phan tich nhan vien: xac dinh diem manh, diem yeu cua nhan vien Loai phan tich nay chu trong den nang luc va cac dac tinh ca nhan cua