TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN6 nude CHDCND Lao, cong tac lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia dupe thuc hien hang nam va nam.Tuy nhien, hien nay cac van ban phap q
Trang 3r _ - ★ ★
★ -TRUONG OHKTQD
TT THONG TIN THU VIEN
Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM CAP QUOC GIA
CUA CONG HOA DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO
Chuyen nganh: KE HOACH PHAT TRIEN
Trang 4cam k£t bdng danh dir ca nhan rang nghien cuu nay do toi tu thirc hien va khong vi pham yeu cau ve su trung thirc trong hoc thuat.
Ha Noi, ngay Qthang nam 2018
Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
Trang 5Trong qua trinh thirc hien de tai nay, toi da nhan duoc str quan tarn giup do rat Ion cua nhieu ca nhan va tap the.
Toi xin bay to ldng biet on sau sac den GS TS NGO THANG LOI - ngtroi
da tan tinh chi bao, giup do toi thirc hien va hoan thanh de tai nay
Toi xin chan thanh cam on cac thay co giao trong khoa Ke hoach phat trien
va cac can bo Vien Dao tao Sau dai hoc -Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan da tao moi dieu kien thuan loi giup do toi trong suot qua trinh hoc tap va nghien cuu
Xin chan thanh cam on cac ddng chi lanh dao cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu
Ha Noi, ngay %()thdng nam 2018
TAC GIA LUAN VAN
Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
Trang 6Vien Dao tao Sau dai hoc
Trang 7NHAN XET PHAN BIEN LUAN VAN THAC SI • • • •
Cua hoc vien cao hoc: Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
Chuyen nganh: Ke hoach Phat trien
Ten de tai: “Hoan thien phuong thirc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xd hoi hang
r r
ndm cap quoc gia cua Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao'"
Ngudi nhan xet: TS Nguyen Thi Hoa - Phan bien 1
r r
Don vi cong tac: Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan
1 Su* can thiet cua de tai
De tai phu hpp voi chuyen nganh cua hoc vien, khong cd su trung lap voi cac cong trinh nghien cuu da cong bo ma toi dupe biet
1
Trang 8Cac phuong phap nghien cuu lua chon da giup tac gia giai quyet dupe var tuy nhien chat luong luan van se tot hon neu nhu b day tac gia su dung phu phap phong van sau doi vbi cac nha khoa hoc va nha quan ly ve kha nang ap di cac de xuat ve hoan thien phuong thuc cung nhu cac dieu kien ap dung cac de >nay b Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao.
3 Ket cau va hinh thuc cua luan van
Luan van dupe ket cau theo bo cue truyen thong hop ly, kha can doi Veh thuc, van ban dupe trinh bay ve co ban dam bao yeu cau luan van thac si
4 Nhfrng thank cong chinh cua luan van
kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong he thong ke hoach phat trien kinh te hoi Ngoai ra tac gia cung xac dinh dupe cac yeu cau va cac nguyen tac trong moi cong tac lap ke hoach hoa
thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong chuoncon mb nhat Cu the, tac gia chua chi ra dupe mot qui trinh ky thuat, phuong p
lap ke hoach cung nhu yeu cau ket cau ve noi dung cua ban ke hoach phat ti kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia la nhu the nao Neu b day, tac gia tham k ket qua cua cac du an ho trp doi moi cong tac lap ke hoach cua cac to chuc quo hay tu Viet Nam- mot quoc gia dupe danh gia da tong ket dupe nhung mo doi moi lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cac cap thi chuong 1luan van se co su cai thien dang ke ve chat luong
Trang 9chira tirong xung voi yeu cau cua luan van thac si Cac nhan dinh danh gia ve
phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Lao chua dung trong tarn Dieu do khien cho nguoi doc co cam giac tac gia chua kiem soat tot noi dung chinh can giai quyet trong luan van
77u? ba, tong quan nghien cuu chua dam bao yeu cau Ve co ban moi chi dung
o muc do liet ke cac cong trinh nghien cuu chua co phan tich khai quat ve cac cong
lien quan chua thuyet phuc dupe nguoi doc
6 Ket luan
Tuy con mot so nhung han che nhin chung Luan van ve co ban da dap ung yeu cau ve noi dung va hinh thuc cua luan van thac sy Vi vay, kinh de nghi hoi dong cho phep cao hoc vien Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA dupe bao ve truoc Hoi
dong cham luan van thac si Neu bao ve thanh cong se du dieu kien de nhan hoc
vi thac si!
Hd Noi, ngdy 28 thdng06 nam 2018
TS Nguyen Thi Hoa
3
Trang 10Ten de tai: Hoan thien phteong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa
hoi hang nam cap quoc gia ciia Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao
r
Chuyen nganh: Kinh tephat trien
Ten hoc vien: Thammavongsa
Ngudi hudng dan khoa hoc: GS, TS Ngo Thdng Lai
Ho ten ngudi nhan xet: Hoang Van Hoan
Chuc vu, ccr quan cong tac: Hoc vien Chinh tri khu vice I
Sau khi doc ban luan van vdi de tai neu tren, toi co mot so nhan xet sau:
1 Co- so' khoa hoc va thuc tien, tinh cap thiet cua de tai luan van
Ke hoach hoa trong nen kinh te thi trudng cung la mot cong cu huy dong va phan bo nguon lire khan hiem nham thirc hien cac muc tieu phat trien cua nen kinh te; giup huy dong cac nguon lire xa hoi de cung hudng toi dat cac muc tieu
ke hoach Nhu vay, viec lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi trong nen kinh te thi trudng can phai gan chat vdi cac nguon lire xa hoi, dong then tang cuong sir tham gia cua nhieu co quan, doan the va cac to chirc trong xa hoi vao qua trinh lap ke hoach de co the toi da hoa hieu qua sir dung nguon lire nay trong qua trinh phat trien kinh te xa hoi ciia timg dia phuong la mot yeu cau tat yeu
Doi vdi moi dia phuong, lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam la mot cong tac quan trong, la cong cu quan ly, dieu hanh hoat dong mang tinh dinh hudng va cu the hoa cac muc tieu, nhiem vu phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 5 nam Tuy nhien, tai nude Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao hien nay, con ton tai nhieu kho khan, bat cap, chua nhat quan Cong tac nay van chira gan vdi ket qua, nguon lire va sir tham gia cua cac ben van chua hieu qua Vi vay, chung toi cho rang viec chon de tai r "Holin thien phuang thuc lap ke hoach phat trien r r kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao” cua hoc vien la cap thiet ca ve mat ly luan va thuc tien
2 Sir khong triing lap ve de tai nghien cuu so vdi cac cong trinh khac da cong
bo, tinh trung thuc rd rang va day du trong trich dan tai lieu
De tai khong trung lap so vdi cac cong trinh da cong bo ma ngirdi doc duoc biet, cac nguon so lieu thir cap va thdng tin sir dung trong de tai deu duoc trich dan cd nguon goc rd rang va trung thirc, dung yeu cau cua luan van thac si kinh te
3 Sir phu hop giua ten de tai voi noi dung cua de tai
Ten de tai phu hop vdi noi dung nghien cuu cua de tai, va noi dung nghien cuu ciia de tai phu hop vdi chuyen nganh: Kinh te phat trien
4 Do tin cay va tinh hien dai ciia phuong phap da sir dung de nghien cuu
1
Trang 115 Ket cau cua luan van
Luan van dupe ket cau thanh 3 chuong theo loi truyen thong la hop ly, chat che chuyen tai dupe nhung noi dung co ban cua van de dat ra Luan van co van phong sang sua, hanh van mach lac, the hien tinh cong phu, nghiem tuc cua tac gia nghien cuu
6.
6.1.
Gia tri khoa hoc va thuc tien cua ket qua nghien cuu
De tai da thong hoa va lam sang to mot so van de ly luan co lien quan de xac lap khung ly thuyet ve lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia Viec he thong hoa nay dupe bat dau tu viec phan tich, luan giai mot
so noi dung co ban ve ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi (khai niem, vi tri, vai tro, dac diem) Tren co so do, de tai da lam ro noi ham phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam theo phuong thuc ke hoach hoa dinh hudng mang tinh chien lupc (ve ket cau va noi dung cua ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi, quy trinh ky thuat vbi 07 bubc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh
te xa hoi hang nam tai Lao) Dong thdi, chi ro su thiet va dieu kien de hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia b Lao -
ke hoach hoa mang tinh chien lupc voi cac yeu cau moi, nguyen tac, sir thay doi cau true, noi dung cac bo phan cau thanh ban ke hoach Chung toi cho rang, day la phan dong gop quan trong cua de tai ve mat tong ket ly luan, va dupe coi
la khung ly thuyet quan trong de tac gia phan tich danh gia thuc trang b chuong sau
6.2. Sau khi co danh gia khai quat ve qua trinh hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach
hang nam tir nam 2010 den nay tai nude Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao (chu truong hoan thien, qua trinh hoan thien); de tai da lam ro there trang phuong there lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia ve ket cau ban ke hoach (nam 2017); quy trinh va phuong phap lap ke hoach) Qua do, de tai co danh gia tong quat ve nhung diem manh dat dupe, cung nhu nhung han che va nguyen nhan cua han che - day thuc su la dong gop dang tran trong trong nghien cuu thuc trang cua hoc vien, cherng to hoc vien la ngubi nam verng tinh hinh thuc te dia phuong, tir do lam can cu dua ra nhung giai phap trong lap
ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam thbi gian tbi
6.3. Tren co sb ly luan, thuc tien nherng van de moi nay sinh; de tai neu quan diem,
muc tieu va dinh hubng tiep tuc hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach kinh te
-xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Lao Tir do, de xuat hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach b 2 noi dung la hoan thien ket cau, noi dung cua ban ke hoach va quy trinh, phuong phap cu the b cac bubc cua quy trinh; cung cac dieu kien de hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach ve he thong van ban phap ly; bo may; thong tin, Cac giai phap dupe de cap logic theo trinh tu tir noi dung cua giai phap, nhu'ng loi ich se dat dupe cung vbi nhung kien nghi de thuc hien giai phap Nhin chung he thong giai phap nay la co co sb khoa hoc, sat thuc tien va kha thi
2
Trang 12Can phan dinh ro rang chuc nang cua ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi 5 nam
va hang nam, giua ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi; ke hoach phat trien nganh
va ke hoach cong tac cua cac co quan quan ly nganh tai dia phuong;
Nen giai thich them moi quan he giua he thong ke hoach hoa va quan ly ngan sach co tinh long ghep va don nhat nen cac dia phuong deu dtrng trirbc nhung can trb ve the che va tu duy quan ly giong nhau
Lam ro hon quy trinh lap ke hoach theo hudng tang cubng tinh chu dong cua dia phuong va su tham gia cua cac ben;
Su dung phuong thuc quan ly theo ket qua lam co sb khoa hoc chu yeu cua ke hoach hoa chien luge trong nen kinh te thi tru'bng hien dai trong do can xac dinh lo trinh doi moi la tang dan va tu dubi len;
Ngoai ra, luan an con mot vai loi trinh bay; con co mot so loi dung tu, chinh ta; trich dan tai lieu tham khao trong noi dung luan van
Ket luan
Luan van da dat muc tieu va hoan thanh nhiem vu nghien cuu dat ra Day la cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc cong phu, nghiem tuc, co chat luong, co y nghTa ca ve ly luan va thuc tien Tac gia cua luan van xung dang dirge nhan hoc
vi Thac si kinh te chuyen nganh Kinh te phat trien
9 Cau hoi
Han che Ian nhat trong phiromg thirc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam cua mrac Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao la gl? Giai phc'ip nao la quan trong nhat nham tang cirdng sir tham gia cua cac ben trong lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xd hoi hang ndm cua Lao?
Ha Noi, ngay 23 thang 6 ndm 2018
PGS, TS Hoang Van Hoan
Trang 13LOI CAM DOAN
LOI CAM ON
MUC LUC
DANH MUC TU VIET TAT
DANH MUC HINHVE
TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN i
ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 11
1.2 Phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia 18
1.2.1 Ket cau va noi dung cua ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 181,2.2.Quy trinh ky thuat trong lap ke hoach kinh te xa hoi 19
1.3 Sir can thiet hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach hang nam cap quoc
gia o ’ Lao hien nay 25
1.3.1 Nhung yeu cau moi trong cong tac lap ke hoach hoa 25
1.3.2 Nhung nguyen tac trong lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi 26
CHLJONG 2 - DANH GIA THUC TRANG PHUONG THUC LAP KE
HOACH PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM CAP QUOC GIA
6 LAO TU NAM 2010 DEN NAY 35
2.1 Khai quat ve qua trinh hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach tir nam
2010 den nay 35
2.1.1 Cac chu truong hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach hang nam 35
Trang 14quoc g ia 39
2.2.1 Thuc trang ve ket cau cua ban ke hoach hang nam cap quoc gia 39
2.2.2 Thuctrang qqu trinh vv phix<yng ppap lap ke hooah ppat trien kinhi te -xa hoi 41
2.3 D anh g'ii c chung phuong th u c hie n hanh 51
2.3.1 Mat duoc 51
2.3 2 MM han che 55
2.3.3 Ngguen nndn cua nnunn bbt cap 59
CHVONG 3: HOAN THIEN PHUONG THUC LAP KE HOACH PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM 6 CAP QUOC GIA CUA LAO TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY 63
3.1 Quan diem , muc tieu va dinh h i odng hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam o cap quoc gia 63
3.1.1 Quan diem hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi hang nam 63
3.1.2 Muc tinu hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam 63
3.1.3 Dinh hudng hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi mang tinh chien lupc 64
3.2 De xuat noi dung hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach 66
3.2.1 Hoan thien ket cau, noi dung cUa ban ke hoach 66
3.2.2 Hoan thien ve quy trinh va phuong phap 67
3.3 C ac d i e k i e n d e h hon h i e p phong th ue I a p k e h hoch 75
3.3.1 He hhnn van b bn n Co n uud ve c onn taa 1 ap kk h oach 75
3.3.2 Bo may to chuc Pong gap pe h oacP 77
3.3.3 He thOng thnng tin phuc vu cnng tac lap ke hoach 78
KET LUAN 79
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 81
PHU LUC 83
Trang 15STT Chir viet tat
A
Nghia day du
1 CHDCND Lao Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao
2 KHPT KT-XH Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
6 SDGs Sustainable Development Goals (Phat trien ben vung)
7 TTCP Thu tudng Chinh phu
9 Bo KH&DT Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu
Trang 16Hinh 1.1: Moi quan he tac dong lan nhau trong cac loai hinh va cac cap kehoach 14Hinh 1.2: Moi quan he giua ke hoach cap quoc gia; nganh, linh vtrc, tinh, thanh pho 15Hinh 1.3: He thong xay dung ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Laotu tren
xuong dudi 20Hinh 1.4: He thong lap ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Lao tu dudi
len tren 21Hinh 1.5: Lap ke hoach dua tren ket qua 30Hinh 1.6: Lap ke hoach cd su tham gia 32Hinh 2.1: Quy trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc
gia d Lao 43
Trang 17-
★★★ -Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM CAP QUOC GIA
CUA CONG HOA DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO
Chuyen nganh: KE HOACH PHAT TRIEN
TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN THAC SI
HANOI 2018
Trang 18TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN
6 nude CHDCND Lao, cong tac lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia dupe thuc hien hang nam va nam.Tuy nhien, hien nay cac van ban phap quy chua dong bo; quy trinh, noi dung va phuong phap lap ke hoach, giao ke hoach chua thong nhat; cac chi tieu ke hoach chua bam sat vdi nhu cau va kha nang cua
nen kinh te Dieu nay da lam giam hieu luc va hieu qua quan ly cua ke hoach doi vdi phat trien cua cac nganh, cac dia phuong Do do, de dap ung yeu cau doi moi va nang cao hieu qua cua nen kinh te, viec hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia tu he thong van ban phap quy, quy trinh, noi dung
va phuongphap la het sue can thiet
Vdi phuong thuc lap ke hoach hien nay, ke hoach chi thuc su dupe thuc hien trong vdng hon mot thang thi chat luong ke hoach kho cd the dam bao Ngoai ra, trong vdng hon 1 thang thi viec trien khai ke hoach tu cap dudi len cap tren la het sue kho khan, dac biet d dia phuong, cac tinh, thanh pho kho cd the cd du thdi gian
de tong hop ke hoach cua cap huyen, cap xa Neu lam dung quy trinh nay, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se khong the tong hop ke hoach cap dai trinh Chinh phu trong thang 8 Dieu nay se khong phu hop vdi nguyen tac ke hoach phai dupe tong hop tir nhu cau tu dudi len tren
De gop phan tham gia y kien vao viec hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoachphat trien kinh te - xa hoi, toi xin lua chon de tai luan van thac si la: Hoan
ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Lao trong thdi gian
Trang 19vua qua; Phan tich, so sanh vdi kinh nghiem cua mot so nude de phan tich van de,
tu do rut ra cac ket luan va cac dinh hudng, bien phap sat thuc; Phan tich, so sanh van de rut ra cac dac diem, tong ket cac ket qua dat duoc, nhung ton tai han che va dua ra dinh hudng phat huy nhung ket qua, khac phuc nhung ton tai, yeu kem; Y kien, nghien cuu cua cac chuyen gia lien quan den phuong thurc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia d Lao
Luan van da co nhung dong gop co ban sau:
Thu nhat, Luan van da gop phan lam ro them vi tri, vai trd cua Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong he thong ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi quoc gia la edng cu de Nha nude dinh hudng phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua quoc gia, dia phuong trong mot thdi gian nhat dinh Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi de duara nhung muc tieu phat trien cua quoc gia trong mot khoang thdi gian nhat dinh ( hang nam, 5 nam, 10 nam, ) va de
ra cac giai phap, chinh sach trong khuon khd nguon luc san cd hoac cd the huy dong cac nguon luc khacde dat duoc cac muc tieu de ra
Neu phan chia theo noi dung, he thong ke hoach hoa quoc gia bao gom: chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, ke hoach phat tridn kinh te - xa hoi, cac chuong trinh, du an phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
Neu phan chia theo thdi gian, ke hoach hoa cap quoc gia bao gom: Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam
Va phan loai theo quy trinh, ke hoach hoa phat trien kinh te - xa hoi dugc chia ra lam cac khau: lap ke hoach, thuc hien ke hoach, theo doi va danh gia ke hoach
Ke hoach hang nam la budc cu the hoa cua ke hoach 5 nam Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam la van ban mang tinh phap ly cao; hoach dinh mang tinh dieu hanh cao nham thuc hien muc tieu ke hoach hang nam mot each cd he thong moi mat hoat dong cua dat nude, cua tirng nganh kinh te, xa hoi, tirng lanh tho trong nam ke hoach
Luan van chi di sau vao nghien cuu phuong thurc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh
te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia
Trang 20Luan van cung da neu ra dirge cac khai niem lap ke hoach, phuong thuc lap
ke hoach ( noi dung, quy trinh va phuong phap), cac xu hudng lap ke hoach hien nay va su can thiet phai hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam hien nay
Lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi la qua trinh hinh thanh boi canh, xay dung va lira chon cac muc tieu uu tien trong tung thdi ky, de ra cac giai phap co hieu qua de dat dugc cac muc tieu trong khuon khd nguon luc san co hoac cd kha nang huy dong
Phuong thuc lap ke hoach la trinh tu cac budc trong qua trinh to chuc thuc hien viec soan lap ke hoach, tu khi chuan bi cho den khi ban ke hoach duoc giao cho cac cap to chuc thuc hien Cac budc to chuc soan lap duoc xet tren goc do ky thuat (quy trinh ky thuat)
Quy trinh ky thuat xac dinh cac budc tien hanh de xac dinh cac noi dung cua ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Noi dung cua tung budc nay phai bao gom muc tieu, each tien hanh, thdi gian tien hanh, don vi tien hanh va san pham cua tung budc
Nhung xu hudng de hoan thien trong phuong thuc lap ke hoach hien nay la: Lap ke hoach mang tinh chien luge; Lap ke hoach duatren ket qua; Lap ke hoach co
su tham gia
Thu hai, Luan van da co nhung tong ket, danh gia nhung mat dugc, mat ton tai va cac nguyen nhan yeu kern ve phuong thuc ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia hien nay d Lao
Dai hoi Dang toan quoc lan thu VIII,IX va lan thu X da de ra dudng loi doi mdi toan dien va sau sac cor che quan ly kinh te cua CHDCND Lao Viec chuyen doi nen kinh te theo co che thi trudng, co su quan ly cua Nha nude bang phap luat,
Ke hoach, chinh sach va cac cong cu khac, doi hoi phai cd su thay doi can ban ca venoi dung, phuong phap va pham vi ke hoach hoa Viec doi mdi nay se dan dan thay doi ve phuong phap luan nghien cuu xay dung ke hoach; lay viec nghien cuu xay dung ke hoach dai han cd budc di tung nam la chinh, ke hoach hang nam chi la
Trang 21cac cap de dam bao khi ban hanh co the huy dong cac nguon luc thuc hien cacnhiem vu va dat duqccac muc tieu da de ra trong ban ke hoach.
Trong co che ke hoach hoa tap trung, quy trinh lap ke hoach duqc tien hanh theo he thong phuong thuc tu tren xuong va tir dudi len tren Qua trinh xay dung nhu vay thudng bi chi phoi bdi ca nhung y kien chu quan cua cac cap lanh dao va nhung ngudi xay dung ke hoach Quy trinh xay dung ke hoach hien nay duqc doi mdi dua tren nen tang: ke hoach cua cac cap, cac nganh hay ke hoach cua dia phuong la ke hoach mang tinh doc lap tuong doi, khong phai la cac chi tieu true tiep
do Trung uong giao ma la cu the hoa cac chi tieu, dinh hudng cua Trung uong vao dieu kien cu the cua cac nganh, cac cap va do nganh, dia phuong xay dung thuc hien tai nganh, dia phuong
Danh gid nhung quy trinh ky thuat
Mat duqc: quy trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi da the hien duqc quan diem tong hop tu dudi len va co su chi dao, dieu hanh tutren xuong; da co su tham gia cua nhieu ben vao qua trinh xay dung ke hoach, the hien tinh dan chu
Mat han che: cac don vi tham gia vao qua trinh lap ke hoach con chua thuc
su coi ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi co y nghia thiet thuc va la kirn chi nam hanh dong cua don vi nen muc do tham gia va dong gop vao qua trinh xay dung ke hoach con han che Hon nua, thdi gian trong ttrng budc de cac don vi xay dung ke
hoach con qua ngan, khong du thdi gian de cac don vi cap dudi va cung cap chuan
bi gui den co quan tong hop day du cac thong tin, noi dung tu ban ke hoach cua cac nganh cung cap lien quan va cua cac don vi cap dudi Do do, hien nay dudng nhutrong ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia khong the hien
rd ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua cap tinh va den luqt ke hoach phat trien
cap huyen, xa Cac budc xay dung KHPT KT-XH hang nam chua the hien rd la motbudc cu the hoa cua Chien luqc phat trien KTXH va KTPT KT-XH nam Dudng
Trang 22xa hoi hien nay chua the hien budc danh cho cong tac theo doi va danh gia ke hoach Day la mot khau rat quan trong giup cho qua trinh lap ke hoach sat voi thuc
te hon
Cac nguyen nhan ton tai: trong qua trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cua ca nude trong thdi gian qua chua cd mot van ban quy pham phap luat chinh thuc, rieng biet nao Hang nam, van ban duoc dung lam can cu xay dung
ke hoach la Chi thi cua Thu tudng va Khung hudng dan xay dung ke hoach cua Bo
Ke hoach va Dau tu Nang luc va so luong can bo lap ke hoach chua dap ung duoc yeu cau; he thong co so du lieu lap ke hoach d cac cap edn thieu va yeu; he thong bieu mau, chi tieu hudng dan chua dong bo va edn mang tinh ap dat
Thu ba, Luan van da de xuat cac dinh hudng, muc tieu va dieu kien hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia Lao hien nay Dong thdi, Luan van cung neu len cac kien nghi ve phia Chinh phu, phia cac bo, nganh lien quan va ve phia dia phuong de thuc hien hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia mot each dong bo
Hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia phai: tao ra mot quy trinh thong nhat va long ghep vdi phuong thuc lap
ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi d cac cap dia phuong va gan vdi quy trinh lap ke hoach d cap bo, nganh; nang cao dupe chat luong cua ban ke hoach; gop phan tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cong tac chi dao, dieu hanh va theo doi, danh gia thuc hien ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia; nang cao dupe vai
tro cua cac co quan tong hop ke hoach, nhu Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, So Ke hoach
va Dau tu d cac dia phuong
Dinh hudng hoan thien quy trinh ky thuat: Ke hoach phat trien kinh texa hoi hang nam phai dua tren ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 5 nam va quy hoach phat trien hoac nhung dinh hudng phat trien trung han Can tham khao nhieu phuong phap trong qua trinh lap ke hoach nhu phuong phap “cuon chieu”, phuong
Trang 23De xuat noi dung hoan thien phuang thuc lap ke hoach.
Hoan thien ket cau, noi dung cua ban ke hoach
Phan ben trai mo ta ket cau cua ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang
Ket cau ban ke hoach hien nay De xuat ket cau mdi
Phan I: Bao cao thuc hien KH nam X
Phan II: Ke hoach nam X+l
Muc tieu
Chi tieu
Nhiem vu dinh hudng nganh linh vuc
Phan III: Cac giai phap to chuc thuc
hien
Phu luc: Bieu bang so lieu
Phan I: Danh gia thuc trang thuc hien
Phan IV:Ke hoach theo doi danh gia
Phuc luc: Bieu bang so lieu
nam, 5 nam cap quoc gia hay dia phuong Ket cau hien hanh cua ban ke hoach co mot so diem bat loi cho viec hoan thien he thong chi tieu: (i) Su tach biet giua ke hoach (muc tieu, chi tieu va nhiem vu) vdi giai phap da lam cho he thong cac giai phap neu ra rat chung chung, khong gan vdi muc tieu hay nhiem vu nao, nen khong the xay dung duoc he thdng chi tieu ke hoach lien quan logic vdi nhau; (ii) Viec ket cau muc tieu va chi tieu dinh hudng tach rdi nhaucung rat “choi voi”, khong cho phep dat ra, ket hop vdi vieckhong gan cu the vdi giai phap, nen rat kho khan trong viec to chuc thuc hien ke hoach; (iii) cac nhiem vu dinh hudng phat trien nganh lmh vuc, thuc chat la cac chi tieu ke hoach nganh va linh vuc; (iv) viec khong cd phan ke hoach theo doi danh gia mot mat gay kho khancho viec to
Trang 24ch tic theo doi danh gia ke hoach, mat khac khong the hinh thanh dupe cac chi so theo doi danh gia, mot yeu cau can dat ra doi vdi ke hoach trong nen kinh te thi trudng vi no luon gap phai nhung rui ro do sir hien dong bat thirdng trong qua trinh thuc hien ke hoach.
Hoan thien ve quy trinh va phuong phap
Quy trinh dupe chia lam 2 giai doan chinh, bao gom:
Giai doan I: Xay dung, cap nhat dir thao Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam ca nude, bao gom cac budc:
Budc 1: Xay dung khung du thao Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Cuoi thang 3, sau khi cd bao cao bo sung tinh hinh kinh te xa hoi cua nam trudc, bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Quy I va du bao tinh hinh thuc hien ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi trong nam hien tai Co quan chiu trach nhiem (Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu) tong hop, xay dung dur thao Ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua ca nude Day cung la can cur de xay dung Chi thi xay dung KHPT KT-XH nam ke hoach tiep theo cua Thu tudng Chinh phu va Khung hoac Thong tu hudng dan xay dung KHPT KT-XH cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu Dong thdi, cung
tu thdi diem nay, cac bo, nganh va dia phuong cung dir thao xay dung ban Ke hoach phat trien cua don vi minh tren co so bao cao danh gia lai tinh hinh thuc hien
ke hoach nam trudc va bao cao tinh hinh thuc hien Quy I cua nam hien tai Cac cap, nganh dong thdi cung xay dung ke hoach phat trien cua don vi minh vao thdi diem nay vira tao sir chu dong, tranh tinh trang sao chep ke hoach cua Trung uong vachinh sua lai thanh ke hoach cua don vi Qua do, cung phan nao tranh duoc benh hinh thuc trongxay dung ke hoach phat trien cua don vi minh
Budc 2: Thu thap tinh hinh KTX11 va du thao chi thi cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve xay dung KHPT KT-XH Khoang tir cuoi thang 3 va trong thang 4 thi cac don vi se tien thanh thu thap tinh hinh thuc hien KHPT KT-XH va dir thao Chi thi cua Thu tudng Chinh chu ve xay dung KHPT KTXH nam tiep theo Bao cao ve tinh hinh thuc hien nam trudc, nam hien tai va cac du bao trong tuong lai se la cac nguon du lieu de xay dung Chi thi, dong thdi cung se dupccap nhat vao du thao
Trang 25KHPT KT-XH dang xay dung va chuan bi cho Khung hoac Thong tu xay dung ke hoach nam tiep theo.
Budc 3: Trinh va duyet Chi thi xay dung KHPT KT-XH nam tiep theo Bo
Ke hoach va Dau tu se tien hanh tong hop, xin y kien cac bo, nganh va dia phuong
ve du thao Chi thi xay dung KHPT KT-XH Noi dung chu yeu cua Chi thi neu ra nhung dac diem noi bat cua nam hien tai, nhung du bao va cac van de can tap trung chu yeu trong nam ke hoach can xay dung, tien do cu the va phan cong cac nhiem
vu cu the hon cho cac don vi xay dung va phoi hop trong qua trinh xay dung KHPT KT-XH Ve co ban thi he thong chi tieu, bieu mau danh gia va bao cao ke hoach da duoc quy dinh cu the trong cac van ban Nghi dinh Thong tu ve lap, theo doi va danh gia ke hoach Trong Chi thi cua Thu tudng ve xay dung KHPT KT-XH nhin chung van theo he thong van ban nay, chi co mot so trudng hop dac biet co thethem hoac bdt mot so chi tieu cho phu hop vdi tinh hinh dac diem phat trien thuc te Vi du: hien nay Tong cue thong ke dang dan khong tinh GTSX cong nghiep ma tinh theo Chi so phat trien cong nghiep Sau do, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se trinh du thao Chi thi ve xay dung KHPT KTXH sau khi tiep thu y kien cua cac bo, nganh va dia phuong vdi Thu tudng Chinh phu cho y kien va phe duyet Chi thi nay dupe ban hanh khoang thdi gian dau thang 5 nam hien hanh
Budc 4: Ban hanh Khung hoac Thong tu hudng dan xay dung KHPT KT-
XH Song song vdi qua trinh xay dung Chi thi cua Thu tudng, Bo Ke hoach va Dautu cung xay dung Khung hoac Thong tu hudng dan xay dung KHPT KT-XH nam tiep theo Noi dung chu yeu cua Khung hoac Thong tu nay se can cu vao Chi thi cua Thu tudng va cu the hoa noi dung cua Chi thi, hudng dan chi tiet hon neu cd cac noi dung moi, noi dung can tap trung, cac chi tieu moi xuat hien can danh gia, theo doi trong thdi gian toi Van ban nay dupe ban hanh vao khoang giua thang 5
Budc 5: Gop y du thao Ke hoach phat trien cua cac don vi Saukhi cd Chi thi cua Thu tudng, Khung hoac Thong tu hudng dan cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu ve xay dung KHPT KT-XH nam tiep theo, cac bo, nganh, tap doan kinh te, tong cong
ty Nha nude va cac dia phuong se tiep tuc cap nhat va xay dung du thao ke
Trang 26hoachphat trien cua don vi minh trong nam tiep theo Khoang thbi gian xay dung ke hoach cua cac don vi nay dugc hoan tat va gui Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu vao cudi thang 7 Dau thang 8, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se tien hanh lam viec, trao doi va dong gop y kien true tiep vao cac ban Du thao Ke hoach phat trien cua cac don vi
de cac don vi tiep tuc hoan thien trinh cac cap tren true tiep phe duyet trong thdi gian tiep theo
Budc 6: Tong hop va cap nhat du thao KHPT KT-XH hang nam cua ca nude Sau khi lam viec va trao doi y kien ve Ke hoach vdi cac bo, nganh va dia phuong, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se tien hanh tong hop y kien, cap nhat va hoan thien lai ban KHPT KT-XH cua ca nude nam tiep theo Sau do, se tien hanh tham van ca ban ke hoach hoac mot noi dung chu yeu cua ban ke hoach vdi cac nha khoa hoc, mot so bo, nganh dia phuong, nhan dan hoac mot so nha tai tro Noi dung va doi tupng tham van se tuy thuoc vao yeu cau dien bien tinh hinh kinh te, xa hoi Qua trinh nay duoc tien hanh trong vong 1 thang, tu giua thang 8 den giua thang 9
Budc 7: Trinh va xin y kien chi dao cua Chinh phu vao ban du thao KHPT KT-XH Qua trinh nay dien ra trong vong nua thang, tu giua thang 9 den cudi thang
9 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se trinh ban KHPT KT-XH de cac bo phanchuc nang trong Chinh phu, cac thanh vien Chinh phu va Thu tudng Chinh phu cho y kien Sau
do, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se tiep thu, chinh sua va bd sung hoan thien ban KHPT KT-XH cua ca nude nam tiep theo de trinh Quoc Hoi trong thdi gian toi
Giai doan II: Hoan thien, phe duyet ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cua ca nude va giao chi tieu kinh te xa hoi cho cac bo, nganh va dia phuong
Budc 8: Cap nhat va hoan thien du thao Sau khi tiep thu y kien cua Chinh phu va ban du thao ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam tiep theo cua ca nude,
Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se cap nhat so lieu mdi nhat trudc khi thua uy quyen cua Chinh phu trinh Uy ban thudng vu Quoc Hoi va Quoc Hoi cho y kien trong thang
10 nam hien tai
Budc 9: Hoan thien du thao trudc khi phe duyet, thdi gian tien hanh cudi thang 10 Tiep thu y kien cua cac ban cua Uy ban thudng vu Quoc Hoi va cac dai
Trang 27theo Quoc hoi se phe duyet ban Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cuoi cung dupe trinh len va ra Nghi quyet ve mot so chi tieu cua ban KHPT KT-XH trong nam tiep theo cua ca nude, dong thdi cung phe duyetcac chi tieu ve ngan sach Nha nude cung thdi diem nay Budc nay duoc tien hanh vao dau thang 11 Song song vdi qua trinh nay thi Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se tien hanh du thao Quyet dinh cua Thu tudng Chinh phu, Quyet dinh cua Bo trudng Bo ke hoach va Dau tu ve giao chi tieu kinh
te xa hoi va chi tieu dau tu va Quyet dinh cua Bo trudng Bo Tai chinh ve giao chi tieu chi thudng xuyen cho cac bo, nganh va dia phuong O cap dia phuong, bo, nganh cung tien hanh du thao Quyet dinh giao chi tieu cua don vi minh cho cac cap thap hon dua tren nhung du bao, he so giao on dinh trong mot thdi ky Qua trinh nay duoc tien hanh trong thang 11
Buoc 11: Du thao Quyet dinh cua Thu tudng Chinh phu va Quyet dinh cua
Bo trudng Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu ve giao chi tieu kinh te xa hoi va chi tieu dau tu Can cu tren Nghi quyet cua Quoc hoi va ban KHPT KT-XH cuoi cung dupe Quoc hoi phe duyet, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se tien hanh du thao cac Quyet dinh cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve giao chi tieu kinh te xa hoi cho cac don vi, Quyet dinh cua Bo trudng Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu giao chi tieu dau tu Cung thdi diem nay, Bo Tai chinh cung se tien hanh du thao Quyet dinh giao cua Thu tudng va Quyet dinh cua
Bo trudng Bo Tai chinh ve giao chi tieu chi thudng xuyen cho cac don vi
Budc 12 va 13: Giua thang 11, Thu tudng Chinh phu se ra quyet dinh giao chi tieu KTXH cho cac bo, nganh va dia phuong Ngay sau do, Bo trudng Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se ra Quyet dinh giao chi tieu KTXH va chi dau tu cho cac don vi
va Bo trudng Bo Tai chinh se ra Quyet dinh giao chi tieu chi thu va chi thudng xuyen cho cac don vi Trudc day, khi da cd cac Quyet dinh nay thi Bo Tai chinh va
Trang 28cua ke hoach, dam bao su quan ly thong nhat ve ke hoach va gop phan giam cac chi phi khi phai to chucnhieu Hoi nghi nhu trudc day.
Budc 14: Tu cuoi thang 11 va trong thang 12, cac bo, nganh va dia phuong
se tien hanh phe duyet va ban hanh cac Quyet dinh giao chi tieu kinh te xa hoi cho cac don vi cap dudi cua minh Cac Quyet dinh nay phai can cu tren Nghi quyet cuaQuoc hoi, Quyet dinh giao chi tieu KTXH cua Thu tudng Chinh phu, Bo trudng
Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu va Bo Tai chinh
Nhu vay, so vdi quy trinh budc, 3 giai doan hien nay dang thuc hien thi phuong thuc de xuat moi cung gdm 3 giai doan nhung cd 14 budc Viec gia tang so budc thuc hien va day phuong thuc thuc hien sdm hon khong lam tang su rudm ra
va thieu tin cay cua so lieu phuc vu cho cong tac lap Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap qudc gia ma nd gop phan tang su chu dong cua cac ben tham gia, tang muc
do tin cay cua cac so lieu bao cao va chi ra su tham gia cua cong tac theo doi, danh gia, du bao cu the hon vao trong qua trinh lap ke hoach
So vdi quy trinh cu thi cac budc trong quy trinh ky thuat de xuat cd the: gan vdi quy trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua cac nganh, cac cap; cong tac lap ke hoach da de cao vai trd chu dong cua cac nganh, cac cap; muc do tham gia, dong gop y kien cua cac ben da di vao thuc chat, hay noi each khac la thuc hien theo phuong phap lap ke hoach cd su tham gia; quy trinh nay doi hoi phai cd su phoi hop chat che, thudng xuyen, lien tuc giua cac co quantham gia vao qua trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia; noi dung cua ban ke
Trang 29ke hoach, he thong thong tin co so dtr lieu phai theo doi, cap nhat thudng xuyen, he thong bieu mau, chi tieu phai dong bo, linh hoat va phu hop vdi dieu kien va thu thap; quy trinh nay cung da nang cao vai trd va vi tri cua cor quan tong hop ke hoach, cu the la Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu.
Dieu kien de thuc hien hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh
te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia: the che hoa bang van ban quy pham phap luat lien quan den cong tac ke hoach; nang cao chat luqng cua viec xay dung KHPT KT-
XH 5 nam cap quoc gia de lam can cu, dinh hudng trong dai han cho KHPT KT-
XH hang nam trien khai; cung co nang cao nang luc va so luqng can bo trong cong
tac lap ke hoach; can cd he thdng thdng tin, co so du lieu day du va thdng suot de bao dam cho cong tac lap ke hoach; can phai quy dinh kinh phi cho cong tac lap ke hoach de thuc hien cac phuong phap lien quan nhu tham van cong dong
Trang 30+ +
+ -Phathipsavanh THAMMAVONGSA
HOAN THIEN PHU’ONG THUC LAP KE HOACH PHAT• • •
TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI HANG NAM CAP QUOC GIA
CUA CONG HOA DAN CHU NHAN DAN LAO
Chuyen nganh: KE HOACH PHAT TRIEN
LUAN VAN THAC • • SI KINH TE PHAT TRIEN
Ma nganh: 8310105
Ngu’di huvng dan khoa hoc: GS TS NGO THANG LOI
HA NOI 2018
Trang 31LOI MO DAU
1 Tinh cap thiet cua de tai
Hien nay, lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi d CHDCND Lao duoc thuc hien hang nam va 5 nam Tren thuc te, ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi vira xac dinh muc tieu vira la cdng cu quan trong thu nhat de to chtrc, thuc hien theo dinh hudng cua Dang va quan ly kinh te - xa hoi cua Chinh phu, dua ra cac chinh sach va giai phap cu the ttrng giai doan de dat dupe muc tieu voi hieu qua cao nhat da va dang thuc hien d tat ca cac nganh, cac cap tir trung uong den dia phuong
Sau 9 nam tai Lao, tir nam 2010 den nam 2018 phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat tridn kinh td - xa hoi da co nhung thay doi quan trong nham phu hop vdi chuyen doi tir ke hoach tap trung sang ke hoach dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, gop phan tich cue vao viec phat trien nhanh va ben vung cua dat nude
Tuy nhien, Hien nay:
Thu nhat: cac van ban phap quy chua dong bo, qui trinh, noi dung,va phuong phap lap ke hoach, giao ke hoach chua thong nhat, cac chi tieu ke hoach chua bam sat vdi nhu cau va kha nang cua nen kinh te, lam giam hieu luc va hieu qua quan
ly cua ke hoach doi vdi phat trien cua cac nganh, cac dia phuong Hien nay, Bo ke hoach va dau tu dang trong qua trinh xay dung Nghi dinh ve lap, theo doi va danh gia kd hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Tuy nhien, Nghi dinh nay van chua dupe ban hanh va con dang cd nhieu y kien khac nhau ve mot so noi dung trong ban du thao Nghi dinh Day dupe coi nhu la nen tang dau tien ve he thong van ban qui pham phap luat de cdng viec lap ke hoach thuc su cd hieu qua
Thu hai, vdi qui trinh xay dung hien nay, viec lap ke hoach chi thuc su dupe thuc hien trong vdng hon mot thang, nhu vay, chat luong ke hoach kho cdthe dam bao Ngoai ra, trong vong hon mot thang thi viec trien khai ke hoach tir
codu thdi gian de tong hop ke hoach cua cac huyen, cac xa Neu lam dung
Trang 32quytrinh nay Bo ke hoach va Dau tu se khong the tong hop ke hoach cap dia phuong trinh chinh phu trong thang 8 Dieu nay se khong phu hop vdi nguyen tac
ke hoach phai duoc tong hop tu dudi len tren
Tu tinh hinh tren, de dap ung yeu cau hoan thien phuong thuc va nang cao hieu qua nen kinh te, viec hoan thien phuong thuc xay dung ban ke hoach phat tridn kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia tu he thong van ban phap quy, quy trinh, noi dung va phuong phap la het sue can thiet
De gop phan tham gia y kien vao viec hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoachphat trien kinh te - xa hoi, toi xin lua chon de tai luan van thac si la: Hoan
thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap
quoc gia cua Cong hoa Dan chu nhan dan Lao.
2 Tong quan nghien cuu
2.1 Mot sd nghien cuu ve ke hoach hoa va ddi moi ke hoach hoa
Ddi moi ke hoach hoa la mot van de duoc nghien cuu kha rong rai, luan van da tong hop duoc 1 so nghien cuu sau day:
- Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2011), “ Ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi 5 nam
- Mustapha K Nabli (2009), “Ke hoach hoa: giua viec giam thieu thi truang
va thatbai cua Chinh phuUN-Habitat (2007), Phat trien kinh te dia phuang thong qua lap Ke hoach chien luac ’\Sach dich cua du an tang cudng nang luc dia phuong (SLGP))
Trang 33- Ngo Thang Lai (2011), “Hoach dinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi (ly luan va
thuc te o ’ Viet Nam) "(NXB Chinh tri qudc gia). Day la mot cuon tai lieu mang tinh giao trinh chuyen khao ve nhung noi dung doi moi ve ke hoach hoa phat trien d Viet Nam theo hudng nang cao tinh chien luge trong ke hoach
- Ngo Thang Lgi, Vu Cuomg (dong chu hien) (2007); "Ddi mdi cong tac ke
yeu hoi thao khoa hoc ve doi mdi cong tac ke hoach hoa Cuon sach de cap den nhieu noi dung ve ke hoach vi mo, dia phuong, nganh va cac dieu kien can cd doi mdi cong tac ke hoach hoa d Viet Nam trong dieu kien hoi nhap quoc te
Ngo Thang Loi, “ Giao trinh Ke hoach hoa phat trien ” , Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan
2.2 Nhung ket qua nghien cuu dd thdng nhat nhung tai lieu neu tren, ve co' ban co nhung su' thong nhat nhu sau:
(ii) Ke hoach phai dugc su dung de dieu tiet qua trinh thuc hien cac hoat dong phat trien kinh te Cac nha quan ly, lanh dao nen kinh te (cac cap) sir dung ban
ke hoach vdi he thdng chi tieu de thuc viec “soi xet” hoat dong cua cac bo phan cau
sach thich ring nham dieu hanh qua trinh phat trien ciia nen kinh te theo muc tieu dat ra mot each chu dong
(iii Ke hoach dong vai tro la can cu de danh gia ket qua cua cac hoat dong kinh te - xa hoi dien ra trong thdi ky, lam co sd de hach toan va xac dinh cac muc tieu va giai phap phat trien d thdi ky sau
Trang 34r yr r
2) Ke hoach trong nen kinh te thi trudng phcii la ke hoach mang tu duy chien lucre
Cac tai lieu cho rang: ke hoach trong nen kinh te thi trudng la 1 ke hoach
mang tu duy chien luge Nen kinh te thi trudng hoi nhap quoc te lam cho moi
quoc gia trd thanh mot khau trong chuoi day chuyen gia tri toan cau, dieu do tao
nhieu co hoi de cac nude co the nhanh chong thuc hien dugc muc tieu phat trien
Tuy vay, no cung tao ra nhung thach thuc Ion cho cac quoc gia, nhat la cac nude
dang phat trien, vi thi trudng chinh la chien trudng Tinh chat canh tranh trd nen
ngay cang khde liet hon doi hoi moi quoc gia phai chu dong trong qua trinh lira
chon, xac dinh tarn nhin bao quat, tim ra hudng di trong dai han Nhu vay, xay dung
va quan ly bang ke hoach phai hudng den tinh chien luge cao, dieu do se giup cac
nha lanh dao, cac nha hoach dinh chu dong xem xet va xac dinh dat nude se di theo
hudng nao va khi nao thi dat tdi, la co sd cho su thanh cdng va chien thang tren
budc dudng thuc hien muc tieu phat trien cua minh mot each cd hieu qua nhat
Cac tai lieu cung da ggi md nhung yeu cau co ban cua 1 ban ke hoach
mang tinh chien luge, do la: phai bao dam su gan ket giua cac ke hoach ngan han
vdi ke hoach dai han; phai cd nhieu phuong an ke hoach khac nhau; phai xay dung
1 ban ke hoach mang tinh linh hoat, mem deo nhe nhang va cd tinh du bao cao; ke
hoach mang tinh chien luge phai the hien d viec giam sd lugng chi tieu ke hoach;
cd quan diem uu tien trong xay dung chi tieu va phai thuc hien lua chon ke hoach
theo he thong cac chi tieu danh gia tac dong
3) Can phai nang cao tinh chat linh hoat, mem deo, nang dong cua he thong
ke hoach
Ke hoach trong nen kinh te thi trudng dugc xem nhu la cdng nghe cua su lua
chgn cac hoat dong tdi uu va cd hieu qua cua nen kinh te Mat khac nd lam chuc
nang dieu tiet va dinh hudng phat trien d tarn vi md De dat dugc dieu do, can phai
khac phuc tinh chat so cung, chu quan, phien dien, go ep trong cac chi tieu dat ra
He thong chi tieu phai dugc xay dung dudi dang cac phuong an, cac kich ban phat
trien, khi docac chi tieu KH nen xay dung theo mot khoang chu khong nen la mot
Trang 35diem va chuan bi cac kha nang doi thay khi dieu kien thuc hien thay doi.
4) Yeu cau cua phuang phap lap ke hoach dua t r en ket qua
Cac nghien cuu da xac dinh: lap ke hoach dua tren ket qua doi hoi cac ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te-xa hoi cung can dupc thiet ke mot cach logic de bao dam cho thuc hien cac muc tieu can dat toi (cac ket qua) theo cac cap khac tu cac muc tieu dau ra den muc tieu cu the va cuoi cung la muc tieu tong quat Theo do: cac chi tieu phan anh dau ra chinh la cac chi tieu can dupc xay dung doi voi he thong cac giai phap thuc hien ke hoach, cac chi tieu phan anh muc tieu cu the phai duoc xac dinh trong phan nhiem vu thuc hien ke hoach va cac chi tieu dinh huong phat trien duoc xac dinh trong phan dinh huong phat trien chung cua nen kinh te trong thoi ky
(3) Chua the hien ro quan diem khi de xuat he thong ke hoach cu the cho cac ban ke hoach ocap quoc gia hien nay Cac nghien cuu cung chua co de xuat cu the can cu hinh thanh hethong chi tieu ke hoach, tuc la danh muc he thong chi tieu ke hoach xay dung dua tren co so chu thuyet nao hay luan cu gi;
(4) Chua co nghien cuu sau ve thuc trang he thong ke hoach hien hanh dang co nhung bat cap gi va de ra nguyen nhan cua nhung bat cap do Nhung bat cap trong he thong ke hoach da dan den hau qua gi trong cong tac ke hoach hoa o Taothoi gian qua;
(5) Chua co nhung de xuat cu the ve quan diem noi dung hoan thien phuong thuc duoi gocdo nghien cuu tu co so ly thuyet den nhung luan cu cho viec de xuat
va de xuat cu the danh muc he thong chi tieu ke hoach cho thoi gian toi
Trang 363 Muc tieu nghien cuu
3.1 muc tieu chung
Tren ca sd phan tich, danh giahien trang phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong thdi gian qua cua Lao, luan van de
xuat mot so phuong thuc hoan thien, mong muon ban ke hoach phat trien kinh te -
xa hoi hang nam thuc su di vao cuoc song, dap ung duoc yeu cau phat trien kinh te-xa hoi trong thdi ky hoi nhap sau rongvao nen kinh te the gidi
2.2 Muc tieu cu the• •
- He thdng hoa ly luan ve phuong thuc lap KH phat trien KT-XH trong nen
kinh te thi trudng lam co sd cho hoan thien phuong thuc lap KH hang nam cua CHDCND Lao
- He thdng hoa qua trinh doi mdi phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh
te-xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia dang thuc hien d Bo KH&DT Lao
- Xac dinh nhung nguyen nhan bat cap trong phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat
trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam d Lao trong thdi gianvira qua, tu do de ra mot sd giai phap cho thdi gian toi
4 Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu
r
4.1 Ddi tuongnghien cu u
Luan van tap trung nghien cuu phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te -
xa hoi hang nam d cap quoc gia
4.2 Pham vi nghien cuu
- Ve noi dung: Luan vandanh gia thuc trang phuong thuc lap KH hang nam trong thdi gian qua bao gom: noi dung, quy trinh ky thuat va phuong phap lap ke hoach,tim ra nhung diem bat hop ly trong phuong thuc hien trang, nhung
he iuy cua nhung bat cap nay den chat luong va tac dung cua ban KH; de xuat
Trang 37dinh hudng va kien nghi cac giai phap nham hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam d cap quoc gia.
Trong qua trinh nghien cun phuong thuc lap ke hoach: luan van nghien cuu va xem xet ve quy trinh la quy trinh ky thuat (thdi gian lam tung budc trong quy trinh ky thuat)
- Ve thdi gian: Danh gia thuc trang su dung cac ban ke hoach phat trien kinh
te - xa hoi cua Lao giai doan 2010 den nay,tir do de xuat cac xuat giai phap trong tuong lai
- Ve khong gian:Luan van se nghien cuu ban ke hoach d cap quoc gia cua Lao
5 Phuong phap nghien cuu
De dat dupe muc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu neu tren, ngoai phuong phap luan, duy vat bien chung, duy vat lich su, tren co sd dudng loi quan diem cua Dang, chinh sach cua Nha nude, luan van se sir dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu chuyen nganh nhu phan tich, tong hop, so sanh, mo hinh hoa, ket hop nghien cuu ly luan vdi thuc tien, bao gom:
- Tong hop, phan tich so sanh tren co sd thuc te qui trinh lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia cua Lao trong thdi gian vira qua
6 Ket cau cua luan van
Ngoai phan muc luc, chir viet tat, loi md dau, ket luan, danh muc tai lieu tham khao va phuc luc, noi dung cua luan van dupe trinh bay trong 3 chuong sau:
Trang 38Chuong 1: Khung ly thuyet nghien cuu lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia d Lao.
Chiro ’ng 2: Danh gia thuc trang phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te -
xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia 6 Lao tu nam 2010 den nay
Chu’ o'ng 3: Hoan thien phuong thuc lap ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam 6 cap quoc gia cua Lao trong giai doan hien nay
Trang 39CHUONG 1 - KHUNG LY THUYET NGHIEN CU'l) LAP KE
QUOC GIA O LAO.
1.1 Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi hang nam cap quoc gia trong he
thong kehoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.
1.1.1 Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi.
the ve su phat trien trong tuong lai cua ddi tuong quan ly va de ra cac giai phap
de thuc thi dat duoc y do dat ra Ke hoach dua ra mot qua trinh: (1) mong muon dat duoc gi trong tuong lai hoac muc tieu trong tuong lai la gi; (2) phai lam gi
de dat dupe mong muon hoac muc tieu do trong nguon luc san co hoac co kha nang huy dong; (3) lam nhu the nao de dat dupe muc tieu do mot each hieu qua nhat; (4) khi nao lam; (5) va ai se lam?
Cac loai hinh ke hoach phat trien: ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi quoc gia, ke hoach phat trien kinh te cua vung, lanh tho, ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dia phuong, ke hoach phat trien nganh,ke hoach phat trien cua don vi, to chuc, doanh nghiep
Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi quoc gia ( sau day se goi tat la KHPT KT-XH ) la cong cu de Nha nude dinh hudng phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua quoc gia trong mot thdi gian nhat dinh KHPT KT-XH de ra nhung muc tieu phat trien cua quoc gia trong mot khoang thdi gian nhat dinh (hang nam, 5 nam, 10 nam ); vdi cac muc tieu dat racho quoc gia va cac dia phuong trong quoc gia do phai xaydung va de ra cac giai phap, chinh sach trong khuon kho nguon luc san cd hoac
cd the huy dong de dat dupe cac muc tieu de ra
1.1.2 He thdng ke hoach hoa phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia.
Ke hoach hoa phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cap quoc gia cd nhieu bo phan khac nhau, tuy thuoc vao hinh thuc phan chia ve noi dung, thdi gian va quy trinh
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1.1.2.1 Theo noi dung, he thong ke hoach hoa quoc gia bao gom: chien hroc phat trien kinh te - xd hoi, quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xd hoi, cac chirovig
trinh, dir an phat trien kinh te - xd hoi Trong do:
Chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi la he thong cac phan tich, danh gia va lua chon ve quan diem, muc tieu tong quat dinh hudng phat trien cac linh vuc chu yeu cua ddi song xa hoi va cac giai phap co ban trong do bao gom : cac chinh sach ve co cau, co che van hanh he thong kinh te - xa hoi nham thuc hien muc tieu de ra trong mot khoang thdi gian dai (it nhat la 10 nam)
Quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi la su phan bo va sap xep cac hoat dong va cac yeu to san xuat, dich vu va ddi song kinh te - xa hoi tren dia ban quoc gia cho mot thdi ky trung han, dai han (co chia cac giai doan de cu the hoa Chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tren lanh tho theo thdi gian) va la co
sd de lap cac ke hoach phat trien
Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi la mot cong cu quan ly va dieu hanh
vi mo nen kinh te quoc dan, no la su cu the hoa cac muc tieu djnh hudng cua Chien luge phat trien theo tirng thdi ky bang hethong cac chi tieu, muc tieu va bien phap dinh hudng phat trien va he thong cac chinh sach, co che ap dung trong thdi ky ke hoach KHPT KTXH la tong hgp nhung muc tieu va dinh hudng, chinh sach, bien phap phat trien nen kinh te quoc dan, va he thong cac bang can ddi tren co sd nhan thuc va thoa man cac yeu cau cua cac quy luat kinh te cua nen kinh te quoc dan
Chuong trinh, du an phat trien la cong cu trien khai thuc hien chien luge va ke hoach phat trien Nd cu the hoa ke hoach thanh cac Chuong trinh,
du an trong do the hien ro muc tieu, nguon nhan luc, tien do thuc hien
Luan van chi di vao nghien cuu mot bo phan trong he thong ke hoach cap quoc gia, do la ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi
1.1.2.2 Theo thdi gian, KHPT KTXH cap quoc gia bao gom: Ke hoach phat trien kinh te xd hoi 5 nam va ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xd hoi hang nam.
Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 5 nam la tong hgp nhung muc tieu va dinh