Tiêu chuẩn iso 02420 2017

© ISO 2017 Leather — Physical and mechanical tests — Determination of apparent density and mass per unit area Cuir — Essais physiques et mécaniques — Détermination de la masse volumique apparente et d[.]

Leather — Physical and mechanical

density and mass per unit ar ea

Cuir — Essais p ysiques et méca iques — Déte mination de la masse

v lumique a p r nte et de la masse surfcique

T ir d edition

2 17-0

Refer ence n mb r

ISO 242 :2 17(E)

IUL CS IUP 5:2 17(E)

IULT CS IUP 5:2017(E)

F reword i v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitions 1

4 Principle 1

5 A pparatus 1

6 S mpl n and sample pr eparation 2

7 Proc ed re .2

7.1 Tes con itions

2 7.2 Measur ement of thicknes 2

7.3 Measur ement of dimensions 2

7.4 Measur ement of mas 3

8 Ex pres io of r esults 3

8.1 A pp r ent density 3

8.2 Mas pe u it ar ea 4

9 Test rep r t

4

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www iso org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www iso org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific terms an ex r s ions r lat ed to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www iso org iso/ for word html

ISO 242 was pr p r d b the P y sical Tes Commis ion of the Int ernational Union of Leathe

Te hnolo is s and Chemis s Societies (IUP C mmis ion, IULTCS) in cola oration with the Euro ean

Committ ee for Stan ardization (CEN) Te hnical Committ ee CEN /TC 2 9, Leathe , the se r tariat of

w hich is held b UNI, in ac ordanc with the Agr ement on t ech ical co pe ation betwe n ISO an CEN

(V ien a Agr ement)

It is b sed on IUP 5 original y publ shed in J S c Leathe Trades Chemi s ts , 4 2, p 3 8, (1 5 ), an

de lar d an off icial method of the IULTCS in 1 5 An updat ed ve sion was publ shed in J S c Leathe

Tech Chem., 82, p 2 7, (1 9 ) an a furthe r vision was publshed in J S c Leathe Tech Chem 84

p 3 3, (2 0 ) an r conf irmed as an official method in Mar h 2 0

IULTCS, originaly formed in 1 9 , is a world-wide org nization of profes ional leathe societies t o

furthe the adv nc ment of leathe scienc an t ech olo y IULTCS has thr e Commis ions, w hich

ar r sp nsible for es a l shing int ernational methods for the sampl ng an t es ing of leathe ISO

r co niz s IULTCS as an int ernational s an ardizing b dy for the pr p ration of t es methods for

leathe

IULT CS IUP 5:2017(E)

Leather — Physical and mechanical tests — Determination

This document spe if ies a method for det ermining the a p r nt density and the mas pe u it ar a of

leathe It is a plca le t o al leathe s

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

ISO 241 , Leathe — Chemic al,p ys ic al a d mecha ic al a d f s tnes s tes ts — S mpln loc atio

ISO 241 , Leathe — Ph s ic al a d mecha ic al tes ts — S mple pr p ratio a d c onditionin

ISO 2 89, Leathe — Phys ic al a d mecha ic al tes ts — Dete min tio o thicknes s

EN 1 9 7, Leathe  — Te min lo y — Key deinitio s fr the leathe  trade

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the t erms an def initions given in EN 1 9 7 a ply

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www ele tro edia org

— ISO Onlne brow sing plat orm:a ai a le at ht p:/ www iso org o p

4 Principle

The volume of a t es pie e is calculat ed from the ar a an thick es , tr ating the t es pie e as a

right-angled cir ular cy lin e or cub id with a sq ar b se Thea par nt density is o tained b dividing the

mas b the v lume The mas pe u it ar a is o tained b dividing the mas b the ar a

5.1 Pres knife, conforming to ISO 241 , the in e wal of which is a circle, a pr ox imately 7 mm in

diamete , or sq are, a pr ox imately (10 ×1 0) mm

5.2 Thicknes gaug e, as spe ified in ISO 2 8

5.3 Balanc e, r eading to 0,00 g

5.4 Vernie caliper , r eading to 0,0 mm

6 Sampl ng and sample preparation

Sample in ac ordanc with ISO 241 From the sample, cut thr e t es pie es b a plying the pr s k ife

(5.1) t o the grain surfac an con ition them in ac ordanc with ISO 241

Ifthe e is a r q ir ment for mor than two hides or skins to be tested in one b tch, then only one tes pie e

ne ds to be taken from ea ch hide or skin, pro ided that the o e al total is not les than thr e tes pie es

7 Proc edure

7.1 Test c onditions

Car y out al o e ations in a s an ard atmosphe e as spe ified in ISO 241

7.2 Measurement of thicknes

Measur the thicknes of each t es pie e in ac ordanc with ISO 2 8 Measur the thick es ,

in mi imetr s, at thr e point forming the corne s of an eq iat eral triangle, with each situat ed

a pro imat ely 2 mm from the c ntr of the t es pie e Measur the thick es at the c ntr of the t es

pie e Take the arithmetic mean of the four r sult as the thick es of the t es pie e, t

NOTE T e centre of the test piece an the other points for me surement are estimated by eye

7.3 Measurement of dimensions

F or cir ular t es pie es, measur the diamet er using Ve nie cal pe s (5.4) t o the near s 0,0 mm in

two dir ctions at right angles t o each othe on the grain surfac an two dir ctions at right angles on

the flesh surfac Take the arithmetic mean of the four r sult as the mean diamet er of the t es pie e, d

R eje t any t es pie e w he e the diamet erson eithe the grain surfac or the flesh surfac dife b mor

than 0,5 mm

F or sq ar t es pie es, measur the dis anc s AC an BD, w he e A, B, C an D ar the midp int of

each side t o within 0,5 mm, using Ve nie cal ipe s (5.4) t o the near s 0,0 mm as shown in Figur 1

Measur the dis anc s on b th the grain surfac an on the flesh surfac Take the arithmetic mean of

the r sult for the two r sult of AC, a, an BD, b, r spe tively R eje t any t es pie e w he e the dis anc

measur d on the grain surfac dife s mor than 0,5 mm from the dis anc measur d on the flesh

surfac

IULT CS IUP 5:2017(E)

7.4 Measurement of mas

Measur the mas of the t es pie e, m, in grams t o the near s 0,0 1 g

8 Ex pres ion of r esults

8.1 A pparent density

F or cy lin rical t es pie es, the a p r nt density, D

a , in kio rams pe cubic metr shal be calculat ed

using F ormula (1):

D

m

t d

a

=

×

1 2 3 1

6

2 ,

(1)

w he e

t is themean thicknes of the t es pie e in mi imetr s (aso tained in 7.2);

d is themean diamet er of the t es pie e in mi imetr s (as o tained in 7.3);

m is themas of the t es pie e in grams(as o tained in 7.4)

NOTE 1 F ormula (1) as umes that the sample is a cir ular cy lin er whose volume, V, in cubic mil imetres is

given by:

V

d t

=

π

2

4

which is simplif ied t o

d t 2

1273

×

,

The fact or 1,2 3 contin es through t o the f inal calculation

F or cub id t es pie es with a sq ar b se, the a p r nt density, D

a , in kio rams pe cubic metr shal

becalculat ed using F rmula (2):

D

m

t a b

a

=

×

× ×

1

6

(2)

w he e

t is themean thicknes of the t es pie e in mi imetr s (aso tained in 7.2);

a is themean dis anc ACof the t es pie e in mi lmetr s(as o tained in 7.3);

b is themean dis anc BD of the t es pie e in mi imetr s (as o tained in 7.3);

m is themas of the t es pie e in grams(as o tained in 7.4)

NOTE 2 T e ap arent density of le ther is of en e pres ed in g cm

3

If it is neces ary t o e pres it in these

u its, then 1g cm

3

= 10 0 kg m

3

8.2 Mas per unit area

F or cy lin rical t es pie es, the mas pe u it ar a, m

a , in grams pe sq ar metr shal be calculat ed

using F rmula (3):

m

m

d a

=

1 2 3 1

6

2 ,

(3)

w he e

d is the mean diamet er of the t es pie e in mi imetr s (as o tained in 7.3);

m is the mas of the t es pie e in grams(as o tained in 7.4)

F or cub id t es pie es with a sq ar b se, the mas pe u it ar a, m

a , in grams pe sq ar metr shal

be calculat ed using F ormula (4 ):

m

m

a b

a

=

×

×

1

6

(4 )

w he e

a is themean dis anc ACof the t es pie e in mi lmetr s(as o tained in 7.3);

b is themean dis anc BD ofthe t es pie e in mi imetr s (as o tained in 7.3);

m is themas of the t es pie e in grams(as o tained in 7.4)

9 Test repor t

The t es r p rt shal inclu e at leas the folowing:

a) a r fe enc t o this document, i.e ISO 242 :2 17 ;

b) themean a p r nt density, D

a , in ki o rams pe cubic metr ex r s ed t o thr esignificant figur s;

c) the mean mas pe u it ar a, m

a , in grams pe sq ar metr ex r s ed t o thr e significant f igur s;

d) the s an ard atmosphe e used for con itioning an t es ing as given in ISO 241 ;

e) any deviations from the method spe ified in this documen

f) ful detai s for identification of the sample an any deviations from ISO 241 with r spe t t o

samplng

IULT CS IUP 5:2017(E)

IULT CS IUP 5:2017(E)